EP2050165A1 - Antenna arrangement, in particular for a mobile radio base station - Google Patents

Antenna arrangement, in particular for a mobile radio base station

Info

Publication number
EP2050165A1
EP2050165A1 EP07786354A EP07786354A EP2050165A1 EP 2050165 A1 EP2050165 A1 EP 2050165A1 EP 07786354 A EP07786354 A EP 07786354A EP 07786354 A EP07786354 A EP 07786354A EP 2050165 A1 EP2050165 A1 EP 2050165A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
radiator
arrangement
antenna arrangement
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07786354A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2050165B1 (en
Inventor
Matthias Riedel
Stephen John Saddington
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kathrein SE
Original Assignee
Kathrein Werke KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kathrein Werke KG filed Critical Kathrein Werke KG
Priority to PL07786354T priority Critical patent/PL2050165T3/en
Publication of EP2050165A1 publication Critical patent/EP2050165A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2050165B1 publication Critical patent/EP2050165B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre

Definitions

  • Antenna arrangement in particular for a mobile radio base station
  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement, in particular for a mobile radio base station, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Antenna arrangements in particular for a mobile radio base station, have become known, for example, from WO 00/039894 A1.
  • a vertically alignable reflector is described, on whose two vertically and mutually parallel outer side boundaries each one in the radiation direction and thus formed transversely to the reflector plane side web.
  • a plurality of dipole arrangements which radiate in two planes of polarization oriented perpendicular to one another and which consist of so-called vector dipoles. These vector dipoles are designed structurally similar to dipole squares.
  • the design and the feed are such that, in spite of the horizontally or vertically oriented dipoles, the dipole arrangement as a whole is called an X-pole ized antenna acts in which the two mutually perpendicular polarization planes are aligned at an angle of +45 'and -45' relative to the vertical or the horizontal.
  • the dual-polarized radiators sitting in front of a reflector can be provided with a capacitive outer conductor coupling.
  • each half of the two by 90 "twisted to each other lying symmetries are therefore perpendicular to the reflector plane extending axial bores introduced in the region with the reflector galvanically connected rod-shaped coupling elements 21 sit, which are surrounded by cylindrical insulators, on which with the total provided four axial holes and to 90 * twisted to each other arranged pairs of symmetry halves of the dual-polarized antenna element arrangement can be placed.
  • Within two rod-shaped coupling elements can each have a inner scalariform moved to feed the two orthogonal polarizations of the radiator assembly from the rear side of the reflector forth.
  • An emitter arrangement has also become known from EP 1 588 454 B1.
  • a vertically alignable antenna arrangement with a reflector is described on the vertical lateral boundary lines two transverse and in particular perpendicular to the reflector plane in the beam direction projecting side webs are formed, between which sit in the vertical direction superposed dual polarized radiator.
  • the laying of the inner conductor can be carried out as described in the aforementioned prior art.
  • antenna arrangements with reflectors are known, on whose longitudinal side areas, that is to say on their longitudinal or vertical side areas, webs projecting forwardly from the reflector plane are provided, as can be seen, for example, from the prior publications WO 99/62138 A1, US Pat. No. 5,710,569 A or EP 0 916 169 B1 is.
  • an electrically conductive reflector usually in the form of a metal sheet
  • a printed circuit board can be used, on which the reflector is constructed.
  • the electrically conductive ground plane is preferably omitted on one side of the printed circuit board or the base is also provided with an insulation in this area.
  • a reflector for a radiator arrangement is not assembled from a plurality of sheet metal parts, but may consist of a casting, a deep-drawn part, a stamped part or a milled part.
  • the reflector thus produced may also be formed at least with an additionally integrated functional part, which is integrally connected to the reflector.
  • This functional part can be one or more housing parts for HF components. It is described how, for example, on the reflector back side, a housing attachment is produced in one piece with the reflector, in which supply lines can be accommodated for the supply of radiators arranged on the front side.
  • the object of the present invention is, starting from the generic state of the art according to WO 2004/091041 Al to provide an antenna arrangement in which the risk of the occurrence of intermodulation products is minimized.
  • the production-related assembly effort should also be as low as possible.
  • the invention provides an improved antenna arrangement that can be manufactured easily and with high accuracy with exactly predetermined radiation characteristics while avoiding potential sources of interference such as unwanted intermodulation.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one radiator arrangement and an associated reflector or at least one associated reflector frame are produced in common, in particular cast, ie consist of a common part or, for example, cast part.
  • the velvet antenna arrangement at least one radiator arrangement and the reflector or the partial reflector or a reflector frame, which are formed from a common die cast part, in particular a metal diecasting part such as an aluminum casting. It is also possible to cast the entire arrangement of a dielectric material, in particular plastic material, and then to provide it with a metallized, ie electrically conductive surface.
  • the antenna arrangement in its essential parts so for example with the mentioned radiator arrangement (ie, for example, the dipole and / or radiator halves and the associated support or Symmetriereinrich- device and the associated reflector or a partial reflector) is made of metal
  • the essential parts of such an antenna arrangement comprising the radiator arrangement with the associated support means and / or balancing and the associated reflector or associated reflector part, consist of a jointly produced part, which can also be described as one-piece or in one piece , Frequently, parts produced in this way are also referred to as so-called "original molding processes".
  • the reflector arrangement may also comprise at least one longitudinal and / or transverse web.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention becomes particular When used as a base station for a mobile radio antenna, it usually comprises a plurality of spaced-apart radiator arrangements when installed in vertical alignment, so that such inventive, uniformly cast antenna with multiple radiators and / or radiator arrangements and the molded reflector or reflector frame two lateral comprises longitudinal webs extending in vertical direction (which may be arranged offset at a lateral edge or rather offset from the center). Furthermore, however, the antenna arrangement according to the invention may also comprise an upper and lower transverse web. If a plurality of radiator arrangements are arranged offset to one another in the direction of attachment, transversal webs can also be designed to extend between them, which are likewise cast in one piece with the entire antenna arrangement. An entire such antenna arrangement can thus be produced as a uniformly manageable casting.
  • the with the reflector or the reflector frame cast with radiator assembly can also consist of dual-polarized radiator arrangements, which radiate in two mutually perpendicular polarization planes.
  • cross-shaped dipole radiators could be used, but also so-called vector dipoles, as they are known in principle from WO 00/039894 Al.
  • vector dipoles are used, as are known from WO 2004/100315 A1, in which the diagonally arranged ones belonging to each plane of polarization and considered individually in plan view are square or square square shaped radiator halves can be configured with a closed partial surface or even closed over the entire surface.
  • corresponding recesses are provided in the region of the reflector plane in the region of these dipole or radiator halves. Namely, in the region of the individual dipole halves or radiator halves separating slots that merge into recesses of the radiator supporting symmetry or support means, preferably lying in the reflector plane holding webs or holding connections can be provided, about which held in the center emitter array held by the surrounding reflector frame is.
  • the latter embodiment also offers the advantage that a corresponding tool can be used which has a cavity defining the upper surface during the casting process, which forms the lower surface of the respective dipole half or radiator half. This tool can then be pulled downwards, ie with a transverse component to the reflector plane through the corresponding fenk-shaped recess, wherein the entire radiator assembly is held by the mentioned holding webs or Haietteucunsabête, about which the radiator assembly is connected to the surrounding reflector.
  • a reflector is formed without longitudinal and / or transverse webs, it would also be possible to remove tools laterally with a withdrawal movement parallel to the reflector plane during demolding, so that then the reflector plane could also be closed.
  • the base of the symmetrization of the radiator arrangement with the reflector plane would be galvanic, i. be DC connected.
  • the dual-polarized radiator arrangement and the associated reflector frame can be made of an electrically conductive material.
  • the radiator assembly and the reflector frame may also be molded from a plastic or generally dielectric material, i. be poured, in which case the corresponding parts are provided with an electrically conductive surface layer.
  • the abovementioned retaining webs or retaining connections between the support device and the radiator device and the reflector frame are designed to be electrically conductive.
  • the radiator device and in particular its support device and / or the balancing and the reflector frame can be galvanically separated from each other.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention with a reflector arrangement comprising preferably a plurality of radiators and a reflector frame with longitudinal and / or transverse webs can also be capacitively coupled to a ground area or capacitively coupled to a ground area arranged below the so-called reflector frame.
  • a capacitive coupling of the reflector frame is preferably provided on a printed circuit board without galvanic connection between reflector and printed circuit board ground plane.
  • the invention is characterized by a stable intermodulation-free connection.
  • a precisely defined coupling between the ground plane of the printed circuit board and the reflector frame can be ensured within the scope of the invention by a clearly defined distance and / or by a clearly predefinable size of the coupling surfaces.
  • the fully assembled unit consisting of the reflector frame and the associated radiator arrangement and the printed circuit board, forms a self-supporting unit.
  • the Reflector frame and the base of the radiator arrangement or the radiator arrangements can be fixed on the board by any suitable means, for example by means of clips, by means of a double-sided adhesive tape, separate adhesive, etc.
  • the ground surface on the printed circuit board is provided with a galvanic isolation from the reflector frame enabling insulating layer, for example in the form of a paint, in particular Lötstoplackes, a film or other plastic layer.
  • insulating layer for example in the form of a paint, in particular Lötstoplackes, a film or other plastic layer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional representation of a basic type of antenna according to the invention with a dual-polarized radiator arrangement
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a corresponding schematic three-dimensional representation for a erfindungsge- antenna arrangement with three mutually offset and dual-polarized emitters
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of the embodiment of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view through a dual polarized radiator with a portion of the reflector assembly to illustrate the supply of the radiator;
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment modified from FIG. 5.
  • the basic type of an antenna arrangement according to the invention is shown, as it can be used for example for a mobile radio base station.
  • the antenna arrangement comprises a reflector arrangement 1, in front of which a dual-polarized emitter or a dual-polarized emitter arrangement 3 is provided.
  • this is a vector dipole which radiates in two mutually perpendicular planes of polarization P, which are perpendicular to the reflector plane and extend virtually diagonally through the corners of the emitter array which is formed quadratically in plan view.
  • WO 00/039894 A1 With regard to the construction and the mode of operation of such a radiator type, reference is made, for example, to WO 00/039894 A1.
  • any radiator or radiator type can be used within the scope of the invention, in particular Dipole radiators and / or patch radiators, as they are known for example from the prior publications DE 197 22 742 Al, DE 196 27 015 Al, US 5,710,569 A, WO 00/039894 Al or DE 101 50 150 Al.
  • the antenna arrangement has a so-called reflector or reflector frame 11.
  • This reflector or reflector frame 11 comprises a reflector surface 13, which will be referred to below as a coupling surface 13 'partly also with regard to an embodiment of the invention to be discussed later.
  • This reflector surface 13 is provided in the embodiment shown with perpendicular to the reflector surface 13 extending longitudinal webs 15 and transverse webs 17 which are formed and / or provided in the embodiment shown on the outer boundaries of the reflector frame 11, but also offset from the outer boundaries of the reflector frame 11 further inward can, so that an outside of the webs 15, 17 projecting portion of the reflector remains.
  • These longitudinal and transverse webs 15, 17 are also connected to each other at the corner regions 19.
  • the longitudinal and transverse webs shown need not necessarily be aligned perpendicular to the reflector surface 13. Some of these webs can also run in a direction deviating from a 90 'angle to the reflector surface, for example, diverging or converging in the beam direction or rather inclined to the left or to the right, etc. In principle, there are no restrictions.
  • the reflector surface 13 is provided with a recess 13a, which in the exemplary embodiment shown extends longitudinally. and transverse direction is dimensioned at least as large ' , as the dual-polarized radiator 3 with respect to its longitudinal and / or transverse extent.
  • the cut-out surface with the formation of the corresponding recess 13a can be shaped as desired, ie it can deviate from the outer contour of the radiator and even comprise curved edge courses, so that the recess 13a thus formed is defined by curvy track sequences or by any other boundary lines.
  • the two symmetries 21 (each symmetrical for each polarization of the radiator device 3) rotated by 90 ° have a base 121 connecting them together in FIG
  • a supporting device 21 for the dipoles or radiators or dipole or radiator halves, etc. is used, the support means comprising corresponding slots 112 running axially from the top towards the base 121.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one radiator arrangement and an associated reflector or at least one associated reflector frame are cast together, ie consist of a common cast part.
  • the entire antenna arrangement comprises at least one radiator arrangement and the reflector or the partial reflector or a reflector frame, which are formed from a common casting, in particular die-cast part such as a metal die-cast part or an aluminum casting.
  • the entire arrangement is also possible To cast a dielectric material, in particular plastic material and then to provide a metallized, ie electrically conductive surface.
  • the window-shaped recess 13a provided in the reflector plane of the reflector frame 11, that is to say at the level of the reflector surface 13, is approximately square in plan view.
  • this window-shaped, square configuration is subdivided into four partial openings 13 'a, namely centrally and transversely, in each case by the base 121 of the support device and / or symmetrization 21, i. in particular perpendicular to the side boundaries of the window opening extending retaining webs 131, which are cast together during the casting process of the antenna assembly with the radiator assembly and the reflector frame 11.
  • the support device and / or balancing 21 and thus the entire radiator assembly 3 is connected to the reflector frame 11 and thus held.
  • the width of the holding webs 131 corresponds to the slot width of the slots 123 in the carrying device and / or balancing 21, via which the overhead dipole or laser halves 3a are held.
  • the thickness of the holding webs 131 can be chosen arbitrarily.
  • the thickness of the holding webs 131 for example, the thickness of the coupling surfaces 13 or even the thickness of the base 121 of the support means and / or balancing 21, i. the carrier device 21 correspond.
  • the slots 123 extend approximately to the surface of the coupling surfaces 13 and the surface of the holding webs 131, but can also above end up.
  • the reflector frame 11 is made together with the entire radiator assembly 3 of an electrically conductive material, for example of a metal casting (aluminum but other materials come into consideration for this). It may also be a plastic part, which is then metallized, that has been coated with a metallic conductive surface.
  • other production methods come into consideration, for example, a production of the reflector frame by deep drawing, milling or the like.
  • the antenna arrangement with the radiator arrangement 3 and the reflector or reflector frame can also be produced by other production methods as a common part, for example by milling, optionally by deep-drawing, etc. Often, this is also referred to here as a so-called "archetype method".
  • a design of the antenna arrangement with the above-mentioned retaining struts 131 and the slots 123 and the illustrated window-shaped recesses 13 'a has the advantage that, for example, a casting tool can be used which has cruciform walls, which are perpendicular after casting in the representation of Figure 1 can be deducted to the reflector surface upwards, about which the cross-shaped separation and Symmetrierschlitze and the inner further recesses 151 (which are required to lay supply cable here) can be pulled upwards, whereas another part of the casting tool through the four Opera multaushyroid GmbH 13th 'a can be deducted down. Only if at least transverse and / or longitudinal webs would be dispensed with. de, such a tool could also laterally, ie be deducted parallel to the coupling surface plane 13, so that then could be dispensed with the window-shaped recesses 13a in the amount of the coupling surfaces 13.
  • Such a formed antenna arrangement is in itself, after the corresponding wiring has been installed in particular for feeding the radiator assembly, fully functional.
  • a uniformly manageable, mechanically fixed overall arrangement consisting of a dipole radiator (in the illustrated embodiment of a dual-polarized dipole radiator) and a reflector frame is formed by the explained with reference to Figure 1 antenna arrangement.
  • this antenna arrangement can also be completed even further, namely with an additional ground plane resulting in the overall reflector, which is formed on a substrate.
  • the antenna arrangement can also comprise a printed circuit board 5, namely a so-called “printed control board” (PCB), which is preferably on the side facing the emitter side 5a, the so-called radiator or mass surface side 5a, is provided with a preferably full-surface electrically conductive ground surface 7.
  • PCB printed control board
  • the ground surface 7 is covered with an insulating layer 8, not reproduced in FIG. 2, for example in the form of a plastic or foil layer, a lacquer layer or so-called solder resist layer, etc.
  • antenna arrangement with the radiator assembly 3 and the reflector frame 11 can be firmly connected to the circuit board 5, through all appropriate measures.
  • An assembly of both parts can be done for example by fixing one of the printed circuit board back forth in the bottom, ie the base 121 of the support device and / or balancing 21 personallywarenden screw or other clip-like fasteners, wherein the support means and / or balancing 21, what the radiator elements 3a of the dual-polarized radiator 3, is capacitively coupled to the underlying ground surface 7 of the printed circuit board 5.
  • the reflector frame 11 could also be connected to the printed circuit board by suitable mechanical measures.
  • the reflector frame 11 is fixed by means of a double-sided adhesive film 9 on the upper side of the printed circuit board 5, wherein the adhesive film 9 in the illustrated embodiment with a window-like cutout 9 'is provided, the size and positioning of the cutout 13a in the coupling surface 13 of Reflector frame 11 corresponds or approximated.
  • the adhesive film can also be continuous, ie without the standing mentioned window-like cutout 9 'be provided.
  • a corresponding provided with a double-sided adhesive layer KIe- befolie 9 or another spacer may be provided so that between the bottom of the coupling surfaces 13 and the bottom of the base 121 to the underlying therewith covered with an insulating layer ground surface 7 of the printed circuit board 5, the same distance conditions and conditions are given.
  • the ground surface 7 would be "bare" in this area.
  • the base 121 that is to say the underside of the carrying device and / or balancing 21, could also be contacted galvanically with the ground surface 7.
  • the above-mentioned double-sided adhesive tape 9 is used, whereby a fixed predetermined distance between the coupling surface 13 and the ground surface 7 ensures and at the same time a mechanically strong connection is realized.
  • the reflector frame 11 with the printed circuit board 5 is a firmly connected self-supporting unit.
  • a capacitive coupling is produced by the capacitive coupling of the reflector surface 13, which is therefore also partially referred to as the coupling surface 13 ', and the underlying ground surface 7 on the printed circuit board 5, which also for the longitudinal and / or transverse webs 15th 17 ensures the desired capacitive coupling of the ground plane.
  • the corresponding antenna arrangement may also comprise a plurality of juxtaposed or superimposed in the mounting direction emitter assemblies 3, wherein such an antenna array is set up with the plurality of radiators usually in the vertical direction, so that the plurality of radiator arrays are arranged one above the other in a vertical plane spaced.
  • the reflector frame can comprise a number of reflector fields 25 corresponding to the number of the radiator arrangement.
  • the size of the antenna arrangement is as far as possible expandable.
  • the double-sided adhesive tape 9 is preferably designed to be correspondingly long and provided with three recesses 9 1 , which correspond to the three recesses or windows 13 a with the respective four partial windows 13 'a in the three reflector fields 25 of the reflector frame 11.
  • the bore 26 incorporated in the printed circuit board (see FIGS.
  • this radiator device can be additionally fixed from below by screwing a screw into the base of the carrier device and / or symmetrizing the radiator device 13, similarly to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG , wherein preferably an electrically non-conductive screw is used, especially if the base of the support means and / or symmetrization of the radiator device 3 is to be capacitively coupled to the ground plane 7 of the printed circuit board 5.
  • a double-sided adhesive film similar to the double-sided adhesive tape 9 is provided on the underside of the base 121, so that the bottom of the base 121 and the bottom of the coupling surfaces 13 sit at the same distance level to the top of the underlying printed circuit board 5.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 only in a schematic section through a corresponding radiator arrangement, as it is possible to supply a dual-polarized or, in a similar manner, a single-polarized radiator 3.
  • the feeding is usually carried out by means of a coaxial cable which extends from the underside of the reflector through an axial bore 103 leading to the plane of the actual dipole and / or radiator halves 3a in the carrying device or symmetrization 21.
  • a coaxial cable which extends from the underside of the reflector through an axial bore 103 leading to the plane of the actual dipole and / or radiator halves 3a in the carrying device or symmetrization 21.
  • the coaxial cable is stripped so that the outer conductor, which is isolated in the axial bore 103 relative to the supporting and / or balancing 21, exposed and in the upper region then
  • a solder 201 to the inner end of an associated dipole or radiator half 3a is electrically / galvanically connected.
  • FIG. 5 essentially only the inner conductor 101b is shown in the drawings.
  • the coaxial cable would thus be laid through the axial bore 103 from below upwards, the outer conductor, as mentioned, then at the upper end of the support means 21 via the solder 201 with the associated dipole or radiator half 3a is electrically-galvanically connected. Up to this point, the outer conductor is insulated from the support device 21.
  • a coaxial feed cable would be connected such that the outer conductor is held at the lower end of the bore 103, for example at a soldering point 201 'and the inner conductor 101b is held only by an insulator and separated upward in the bore 103 is guided.
  • the bore in the support device thus acts as an outer conductor, which surrounds the inner conductor 101b, so that quasi a coaxial feed line is formed, via which the dipole and / or radiator halves, which are connected electrically conductive to the carrier device usually as a common component are to be fed.
  • the corresponding supply can also be effected capacitively, for example by a capacitive coupling between the base of the support and the ground or reflector surface.
  • the associated feed line usually the outer conductor of a coaxial cable, connected in an area below the support means, which is preferably perpendicular to the reflector in plan view in that area below the dipole or radiator half, which is fed thereto.
  • the inner conductor 101b usually connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial cable is generally angled approximately at the level of the dipole and / or radiator halves 3a by 90 ° or approximately 90 ° and leads to the adjacent inner end of the associated second dipole and / or radiator half 3a and is usually contacted there electrically by means of soldering 203.
  • radiator halves 3a corresponding, wherein the second, to the first inner conductor 101b cross-extending inner conductor is arranged on a different plane, so that the two inner conductors do not touch in the middle, but are passed to each other.
  • the end 101b 1 of the inner conductor 101b ends freely in a further axial bore 103, this further axial bore 103 being provided in the supporting and / or balancing device 21.
  • the freely ending end portion of the inner conductor 101b is guided downward over a certain axial length in this further bore 103 and held in the bore 103 via an insulator 203 (similar to the corresponding insulator 203 for fixing the inner conductor 101b in the other axial bore 103). , whereby a capacitive or serial coupling with respect to the second dipole and / or radiator half 3a 'is accomplished here.
  • the slots 123 extend to the lower level or base 121 of the carrying and / or balancing device 21.
  • the height of this support and / or balancing device 21 or the slots 123 should preferably be in a range of about 1/8 to 3/8 of a wavelength
  • the respective operating frequency band to be transmitted or to be received is located, preferably the height should therefore be 1/8 to 3/8 relative to the mean wavelength ⁇ of the frequency band to be transmitted or received, ie preferably about 1/4 ⁇ .
  • the radiator height relative to the reflector ie with respect to the ground or reflector surface should not fall below a value of ⁇ / 10, with a restriction upwards basically does not exist, so that the radiator height could even be an arbitrary multiple of ⁇ .
  • the slots 123 can then be adapted accordingly in their length.

Abstract

An improved antenna arrangement comprises at least a dipole-shaped radiator arrangement with the associated carrying device and/or balancing device and the associated dipole and/or radiator halves as well as the reflector or the part reflector or the reflector frame which are formed from a common part, and the material of this common part is electrically conductive or is provided with an electrically conductive surface or surface layer if it consists of a dielectric material.

Description

Antennenanordnung, insbesondere für eine Mobilfunk-BasisstationAntenna arrangement, in particular for a mobile radio base station
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenanordnung, insbesondere für eine Mobilfunk-Basisstation, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an antenna arrangement, in particular for a mobile radio base station, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Antennenanordnungen, insbesondere für eine Mobilfunk- Basisstation, sind beispielsweise aus der WO 00/039894 Al bekannt geworden. In dieser Vorveröffentlichung wird ein vertikal ausrichtbarer Reflektor beschrieben, an dessen beiden vertikal und parallel zueinander verlaufenden äußeren seitlich liegenden Begrenzungen jeweils ein in Strahlungsrichtung und damit quer zur Reflektorebene vorstehender Seitensteg ausgebildet ist. In Vertikalrichtung über- einander angeordnet sind mehrere in zwei senkrecht zueinander ausgerichteten Polarisationsebenen strahlende Dipolanordnungen, die aus sogenannten Vektor-Dipolen bestehen. Diese Vektordipole sind konstruktiv ähnlich gestaltet wie Dipolquadrate. Die Gestaltung und die Speisung sind jedoch derart, dass trotz der horizontal bzw. vertikal ausgerichteten Dipole die Dipolanordnung insgesamt als X-pola- risierte Antenne wirkt, bei der die beiden senkrecht zueinander stehenden Polarisationsebenen in einem Winkel von +45' bzw. -45' gegenüber der Vertikalen bzw. der Horizontalen ausgerichtet sind.Antenna arrangements, in particular for a mobile radio base station, have become known, for example, from WO 00/039894 A1. In this Vorveröffentlichung a vertically alignable reflector is described, on whose two vertically and mutually parallel outer side boundaries each one in the radiation direction and thus formed transversely to the reflector plane side web. Arranged vertically above one another are a plurality of dipole arrangements which radiate in two planes of polarization oriented perpendicular to one another and which consist of so-called vector dipoles. These vector dipoles are designed structurally similar to dipole squares. However, the design and the feed are such that, in spite of the horizontally or vertically oriented dipoles, the dipole arrangement as a whole is called an X-pole ized antenna acts in which the two mutually perpendicular polarization planes are aligned at an angle of +45 'and -45' relative to the vertical or the horizontal.
Aus der WO 2005/060049 Al ist zu entnehmen, dass die dualpolarisierten Strahler, die vor einem Reflektor sitzen, mit einer kapazitiven Außenleiterkopplung versehen sein können. In jeder Hälfte der beiden um 90" verdreht zuein- ander liegenden Symmetrierungen sind von daher senkrecht zur Reflektorebene verlaufende Axialbohrungen eingebracht, in deren Bereich mit dem Reflektor galvanisch verbundene stabförmige Koppelelemente 21 sitzen, die von zylinderförmigen Isolatoren umgeben sind, auf welche die mit den insgesamt vier Axialbohrungen versehen und um 90* verdreht zueinander angeordneten Paaren von Symmetriehälften der dualpolarisierten Strahleranordnung aufsetzbar sind. Innerhalb zweier stabförmiger Koppelelemente kann von der rückwärtigen Seite des Reflektors her jeweils ein Innen- leiter zur Speisung der beiden senkrecht zueinander stehenden Polarisationen der Strahleranordnung verlegt sein.From WO 2005/060049 Al it can be seen that the dual-polarized radiators sitting in front of a reflector can be provided with a capacitive outer conductor coupling. In each half of the two by 90 "twisted to each other lying symmetries are therefore perpendicular to the reflector plane extending axial bores introduced in the region with the reflector galvanically connected rod-shaped coupling elements 21 sit, which are surrounded by cylindrical insulators, on which with the total provided four axial holes and to 90 * twisted to each other arranged pairs of symmetry halves of the dual-polarized antenna element arrangement can be placed. Within two rod-shaped coupling elements can each have a inner scalariform moved to feed the two orthogonal polarizations of the radiator assembly from the rear side of the reflector forth.
Eine Strahleranordnung ist auch aus der EP 1 588 454 Bl bekannt geworden. Gemäß dieser Vorveröffentlichung wird die Verwendung beispielsweise einer vertikal ausrichtbaren Antennenanordnung mit einem Reflektor beschrieben, an dessen vertikalen seitlichen Begrenzungslinien zwei quer und insbesondere senkrecht zur Reflektorebene in Strahlrichtung vorstehende Seitenstege ausgebildet sind, zwischen denen die in Vertikalrichtung übereinander angeordneten dualpolarisierten Strahler sitzen. Auch gemäß dieser Vorveröffentlichung ist die Basis der Symmetrierung der zugehörigen Strahleranordnung unter Zwischenschaltung eines Sockels mit dem Reflektor kapazitiv (also ohne elektrischgalvanischen Kontakt) verbunden bzw. daran angekoppelt, wozu der Reflektor eine Ausnehmung aufweist, in welcher der nicht-leitfähige Sockel eingreift und verankert ist, der wiederum die Symmetrierung bzw. die Basis der Symme- trierung des dualpolarisierten Strahlers hält. Die Verlegung des Innenleiters kann dabei wie in dem vorstehend genannten Stand der Technik beschrieben erfolgen.An emitter arrangement has also become known from EP 1 588 454 B1. According to this prior publication, the use of, for example, a vertically alignable antenna arrangement with a reflector is described on the vertical lateral boundary lines two transverse and in particular perpendicular to the reflector plane in the beam direction projecting side webs are formed, between which sit in the vertical direction superposed dual polarized radiator. Also according to this prior publication, the basis of the symmetrization of the associated radiator arrangement with the interposition of a Capacitive connected to the reflector (ie without electrical galvanic contact) or coupled thereto, to which the reflector has a recess in which the non-conductive base engages and anchored, in turn, the symmetrization or the basis of Symme- tration of dualpolarisierten Spotlight stops. The laying of the inner conductor can be carried out as described in the aforementioned prior art.
Schließlich sind Antennenanordnungen mit Reflektoren bekannt, an deren Längsseitenbereichen, also an deren Längsoder Vertikalseitenbereichen, aus der Reflektorebene nach vorne vorstehende Stege vorgesehen sind, wie dies beispielsweise aus den Vorveröffentlichungen WO 99/62138 Al, US 5,710,569 A oder EP 0 916 169 Bl zu entnehmen ist.Finally, antenna arrangements with reflectors are known, on whose longitudinal side areas, that is to say on their longitudinal or vertical side areas, webs projecting forwardly from the reflector plane are provided, as can be seen, for example, from the prior publications WO 99/62138 A1, US Pat. No. 5,710,569 A or EP 0 916 169 B1 is.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform gemäß dieser Vorveröffentlichung ist gezeigt, dass anstelle eines elektrisch leitfähigen Reflektors, üblicherweise in Form eines Me- tallbleches, auch eine Leiterplatine verwendet werden kann, auf der der Reflektor aufgebaut ist. In diesem Falle ist bevorzugt die elektrisch leitfähige Massefläche auf einer Seite der Leiterplatine weggelassen oder der Sockel ist ebenfalls mit einer Isolierung in diesem Bereich ver- sehen.In an alternative embodiment according to this prior publication shows that instead of an electrically conductive reflector, usually in the form of a metal sheet, also a printed circuit board can be used, on which the reflector is constructed. In this case, the electrically conductive ground plane is preferably omitted on one side of the printed circuit board or the base is also provided with an insulation in this area.
Aus der WO 2004/091041 Al ist als bekannt zu entnehmen, dass ein Reflektor für eine Strahleranordnung beispielsweise nicht aus mehreren Blechteilen zusammengebaut wird, sondern aus einem Gussteil, einem Tiefziehteil, einem Prägeteil oder einem Frästeil bestehen kann. Dabei kann der so hergestellte Reflektor auch zumindest mit einem zusätzlich integrierten Funktionsteil ausgebildet sein, welches einstückig mit dem Reflektor verbunden ist. Bei diesem Funktionsteil kann es sich um ein oder mehrere Gehäuseteile für HF-Komponenten handeln. Beschrieben wird, wie beispielsweise auf der Reflektor-Rückseite ein Gehäusean- satz mit einstückig mit dem Reflektor hergestellt ist, in welchem für die Speisung von auf der Vorderseite angeordneten Strahlern Speiseleitungen untergebracht werden können.It is known from WO 2004/091041 Al that a reflector for a radiator arrangement, for example, is not assembled from a plurality of sheet metal parts, but may consist of a casting, a deep-drawn part, a stamped part or a milled part. In this case, the reflector thus produced may also be formed at least with an additionally integrated functional part, which is integrally connected to the reflector. This functional part can be one or more housing parts for HF components. It is described how, for example, on the reflector back side, a housing attachment is produced in one piece with the reflector, in which supply lines can be accommodated for the supply of radiators arranged on the front side.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, ausgehend vom gattungsbildenden Stand der Technik gemäß der WO 2004/091041 Al eine Antennenanordnung zu schaffen, bei der die Gefahr des Auftretens von Intermodulations-Produkten möglichst gering ist. Dabei soll der herstellungsbedingte Montageaufwand ebenfalls möglichst gering sein.The object of the present invention is, starting from the generic state of the art according to WO 2004/091041 Al to provide an antenna arrangement in which the risk of the occurrence of intermodulation products is minimized. Here, the production-related assembly effort should also be as low as possible.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß entsprechend den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen ange- geben.The object is achieved according to the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung schafft eine verbesserte Antennenanordnung, die einfach und mit hoher Genauigkeit mit exakt vorbestimmten Strahlungseigenschaften herstellbar ist, und dies unter Vermeidung von potentiellen Störungsquellen wie beispielsweise unerwünschten Intermodulationen.The invention provides an improved antenna arrangement that can be manufactured easily and with high accuracy with exactly predetermined radiation characteristics while avoiding potential sources of interference such as unwanted intermodulation.
Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die zumindest eine Strahleranordnung und ein zugehöriger Reflektor oder zumindest ein zugehöriger Reflektorrahmen gemeinsam hergestellt, insbesondere gegossen werden, also aus einem gemeinsamen Teil oder beispielsweise Gussteil bestehen. Bevorzugt umfasst die ge- samte Antennenanordnung zumindest eine Strahleranordnung und den Reflektor oder den Teil-Reflektor oder einen Reflektorrahmen, die aus einem gemeinsamen Druckgussteil, insbesondere einem Metall-Druckgussteil wie beispielsweise einem Alu-Gussteil gebildet sind. Möglich ist auch die gesamte Anordnung aus einem dielektrischen Material, insbesondere Kunststoffmaterial zu gießen und anschließend mit einer metallisierter, d.h. elektrisch leitfähigen Oberfläche zu versehen.The antenna arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one radiator arrangement and an associated reflector or at least one associated reflector frame are produced in common, in particular cast, ie consist of a common part or, for example, cast part. Preferably, the velvet antenna arrangement at least one radiator arrangement and the reflector or the partial reflector or a reflector frame, which are formed from a common die cast part, in particular a metal diecasting part such as an aluminum casting. It is also possible to cast the entire arrangement of a dielectric material, in particular plastic material, and then to provide it with a metallized, ie electrically conductive surface.
Insbesondere dann, wenn die Antennenanordnung in ihren wesentlichen Teilen, also beispielsweise mit der erwähnten Strahleranordnung (also z.B. den Dipol- und/oder Strahlerhälften und der zugehörigen Trag- oder Symmetriereinrich- tung sowie des zugehörigen Reflektors oder eines Teil- Reflektors) aus Metall hergestellt wird, kommen auch andere Herstellungsverfahren in Betrachte, beispielsweise die Herstellung durch Tiefziehen, Fräsen, oder dergleichen. Mit anderen Worten bestehen also die wesentlichen Teile der derartigen Antennenanordnung, umfassend die Strahleranordnung mit der zugehörigen Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung sowie den zugehörigen Reflektor oder zugehörigen Reflektor-Teil, aus einem gemeinsam hergestellten Teil, welches auch als einteilig oder einstückig be- zeichnet werden kann. Häufig wird für derartig hergestellte teile auch von einem sogenannten "Urform-Verfahren" gesprochen.In particular, when the antenna arrangement in its essential parts, so for example with the mentioned radiator arrangement (ie, for example, the dipole and / or radiator halves and the associated support or Symmetriereinrich- device and the associated reflector or a partial reflector) is made of metal , Other manufacturing processes come into consideration, for example, the production by deep drawing, milling, or the like. In other words, therefore, the essential parts of such an antenna arrangement, comprising the radiator arrangement with the associated support means and / or balancing and the associated reflector or associated reflector part, consist of a jointly produced part, which can also be described as one-piece or in one piece , Frequently, parts produced in this way are also referred to as so-called "original molding processes".
Im Rahmen einer derartigen erfindungsgemäßen Antennenan- Ordnung kann die Reflektoranordnung auch zumindest einen Längs- und/oder Quersteg umfassen.Within the scope of such an antenna arrangement according to the invention, the reflector arrangement may also comprise at least one longitudinal and / or transverse web.
Wird die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung insbesondere als Basisstation für eine Mobilfunkantenne eingesetzt, um- fasst sie üblicherweise bei Aufstellung in Vertikalausrichtung mehrere im Abstand übereinander angeordnete Strahleranordnungen, so dass eine derartige erfindungsge- mäße, einheitlich gegossene Antenne mit mehreren Strahlern und/oder Strahleranordnungen und dem mit gegossenem Reflektor oder Reflektorrahmen zwei seitliche, in Vertikalrichtung verlaufende Längsstege umfasst (die an einem seitlichen Rand oder davon eher zur Mitte versetzt liegend angeordnet sein können) . Ferner kann die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung aber auch noch einen oberen und unteren Quersteg umfassen. Werden mehrere Strahleranordnungen in Anbaurichtung versetzt zueinander angeordnet, können auch zwischen diesen jeweils noch Querstege verlaufend ausge- bildet sein, die ebenfalls mit der gesamten Antennenanordnung einstückig mit gegossen sind. Eine gesamte derartige Antennenanordnung kann also als einheitlich handhabbares Gussteil hergestellt sein.If the antenna arrangement according to the invention becomes particular When used as a base station for a mobile radio antenna, it usually comprises a plurality of spaced-apart radiator arrangements when installed in vertical alignment, so that such inventive, uniformly cast antenna with multiple radiators and / or radiator arrangements and the molded reflector or reflector frame two lateral comprises longitudinal webs extending in vertical direction (which may be arranged offset at a lateral edge or rather offset from the center). Furthermore, however, the antenna arrangement according to the invention may also comprise an upper and lower transverse web. If a plurality of radiator arrangements are arranged offset to one another in the direction of attachment, transversal webs can also be designed to extend between them, which are likewise cast in one piece with the entire antenna arrangement. An entire such antenna arrangement can thus be produced as a uniformly manageable casting.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann die mit dem Reflektor bzw. dem Reflektorrahmen mit gegossenen Strahleranordnung auch aus dualpolarisierten Strahleranordnungen bestehen, die in zwei senkrecht zueinander stehenden Polarisationsebenen strahlen. Dabei könnten kreuzförmige Dipolstrahler verwendet werden, aber auch sogenannte Vektordipole, wie sie grundsätzlich aus der WO 00/039894 Al bekannt sind.In a preferred embodiment, the with the reflector or the reflector frame cast with radiator assembly can also consist of dual-polarized radiator arrangements, which radiate in two mutually perpendicular polarization planes. In this case, cross-shaped dipole radiators could be used, but also so-called vector dipoles, as they are known in principle from WO 00/039894 Al.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden dabei Vektor- dipole verwendet, wie sie aus der WO 2004/100315 Al bekannt sind, bei der nämlich die zu jeder Polarisationsebene gehörenden diagonal zueinander angeordneten und für sich alleine betrachtet in Draufsicht quadratisch oder quadratähnlich gebildeten Strahlerhälften mit einer geschlossenen Teilfläche oder sogar vollflächig geschlossen ausgestaltet sein können.In a preferred embodiment, vector dipoles are used, as are known from WO 2004/100315 A1, in which the diagonally arranged ones belonging to each plane of polarization and considered individually in plan view are square or square square shaped radiator halves can be configured with a closed partial surface or even closed over the entire surface.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist dabei ferner vorgesehen, dass im Bereich dieser Dipol- oder Strahlerhälften im Bereich der Reflektorebene entsprechende Ausnehmungen vorgesehen sind. Nämlich im Bereich der die einzelnen Dipolhälften oder Strahlerhälften voneinander trennenden Schlitze, die in Ausnehmungen der die Strahlereinrichtung tragenden Symmetrierung oder Trageinrichtung übergehen, können bevorzugt in der Reflektorebene liegend Haltestege oder Halteverbindungen vorgesehen sein, worüber die in der Mitte sitzende Strahleranordnung durch den sie umgebenden Reflektorrahmen gehalten ist.In a preferred embodiment, it is further provided that corresponding recesses are provided in the region of the reflector plane in the region of these dipole or radiator halves. Namely, in the region of the individual dipole halves or radiator halves separating slots that merge into recesses of the radiator supporting symmetry or support means, preferably lying in the reflector plane holding webs or holding connections can be provided, about which held in the center emitter array held by the surrounding reflector frame is.
Die zuletzt genannte Ausführungsform bietet zudem den Vorteil, dass auch ein entsprechendes Werkzeug verwendet werden kann, das während des Gießvorganges eine den Hohlraum begrenzende obere Fläche aufweist, die die untere Fläche der jeweiligen Dipolhälfte oder Strahlerhälfte bildet. Dieses Werkzeug kann dann nach unten hin, also mit Querkomponente zur Reflektorebene durch die entsprechende fen- sterförmige Ausnehmung abgezogen werden, wobei die gesamte Strahleranordnung durch die erwähnten Haltestege oder HaI- teverbindungsabschnitte gehalten ist, worüber die Strahleranordnung mit dem sie umgebenden Reflektor verbunden ist.The latter embodiment also offers the advantage that a corresponding tool can be used which has a cavity defining the upper surface during the casting process, which forms the lower surface of the respective dipole half or radiator half. This tool can then be pulled downwards, ie with a transverse component to the reflector plane through the corresponding fenk-shaped recess, wherein the entire radiator assembly is held by the mentioned holding webs or Haietteverbindungsabschnitte, about which the radiator assembly is connected to the surrounding reflector.
Insbesondere dann, wenn ein Reflektor ohne Längs- und/oder Querstege gebildet wird, bestünde auch die Möglichkeit, Werkzeuge seitlich mit einer Abzugsbewegung parallel zur Reflektorebene beim Entformen zu entfernen, so dass dann die Reflektorebene auch geschlossen sein könnte.In particular, if a reflector is formed without longitudinal and / or transverse webs, it would also be possible to remove tools laterally with a withdrawal movement parallel to the reflector plane during demolding, so that then the reflector plane could also be closed.
Bei einem so gebildeten Reflektor würde die Basis der Symmetrierung der Strahleranordnung mit der Reflektorebene galvanisch, d.h. gleichstrommäßig verbunden sein.In a reflector thus formed, the base of the symmetrization of the radiator arrangement with the reflector plane would be galvanic, i. be DC connected.
Die dualpolarisierte Strahleranordnung sowie der zugehörige Reflektorrahmen können insgesamt aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material sein. Die Strahleranordnung und der Reflektorrahmen können aber auch aus einem Kunststoff oder allgemein dielektrischem Material geformt, d.h. gegossen sein, wobei dann die entsprechenden Teile mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Oberflächenschicht versehen sind. In diesem Falle ist es aber beispielsweise nicht notwendig, dass auch die vorstehend erwähnten Haltestege oder Halteverbindungen zwischen der Trageinrichtung und der Strahlereinrichtung und des Reflektorrahmens elektrisch leitfähig ausgebildet sind. Mit anderen Worten kann die Strahlereinrichtung und insbesondere deren Trageinrichtung und/oder die Symmetrierung und der Reflektorrahmen galvanisch voneinander getrennt sein.The dual-polarized radiator arrangement and the associated reflector frame can be made of an electrically conductive material. However, the radiator assembly and the reflector frame may also be molded from a plastic or generally dielectric material, i. be poured, in which case the corresponding parts are provided with an electrically conductive surface layer. In this case, however, it is not necessary, for example, that the abovementioned retaining webs or retaining connections between the support device and the radiator device and the reflector frame are designed to be electrically conductive. In other words, the radiator device and in particular its support device and / or the balancing and the reflector frame can be galvanically separated from each other.
Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung mit einer bevorzugt mehrere Strahler sowie einen Reflektorrahmen mit Längs- und/oder Querstegen umfassenden Reflektoranordnung kann aber zudem auch kapazitiv mit einer Massefläche oder kapazitiv mit einer unterhalb des sogenannten Reflektorrahmens angeordneten Massefläche gekoppelt sein.In addition, the antenna arrangement according to the invention with a reflector arrangement comprising preferably a plurality of radiators and a reflector frame with longitudinal and / or transverse webs can also be capacitively coupled to a ground area or capacitively coupled to a ground area arranged below the so-called reflector frame.
Im Stand der Technik ist es bisher üblich gewesen, in der ■ Regel Reflektoren aus einem Metallblech zu verwenden, auf denen die Strahlermodule aufgebaut sind. Durch die zwischen der seitlichen Außenbegrenzung der Reflektorebene und den in der Regel eher mittig angeordneten Strahlern konnten an geeigneten Stelle die quer zur Reflektorebene vorstehenden Längsseitenbegrenzungen in Form von Längsstegen ausgebildet sein, die beispielsweise zwischen einer senkrechten Ausrichtung zur Reflektorebene bis hin zu einer winkligen Ausrichtung so eingestellt werden konnten, dass eine gewünschte Strahlformung möglich war.In the prior art, it has been common to use in the rule ■ reflectors made of sheet metal on which the radiator modules are constructed. By between the lateral outer boundary of the reflector plane and the usually rather centrally arranged radiators could be formed at a suitable point the transverse to the reflector plane projecting longitudinal side boundaries in the form of longitudinal webs, which could be set, for example, between a vertical orientation to the reflector plane to an angular orientation so that a desired beam shaping possible was.
Wollte man demgegenüber Reflektoren in Form von Leiter- platinen (sogenannten PCB's) verwenden, die an einer Leiterplatinenseite mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Massefläche versehen waren, so hat dies erfordert, dass die für die Strahlformung benötigten Stege mittels Schraub- oder Lötverbindungen mit der Massefläche der Leiterplatine verbunden werden mussten, um hier eine eindeutige galvanische Verbindung zu realisieren. Diese Montagearbeiten waren jedoch nicht nur aufwendig, sondern verursachten stets potentielle Intermodulations-Störquellen .On the other hand, if one wanted to use reflectors in the form of printed circuit boards (so-called PCBs) which were provided on a printed circuit board side with an electrically conductive ground plane, this requires that the webs required for the beam shaping be connected to the ground plane of the printed circuit board by means of screwed or soldered connections had to be connected in order to realize a clear galvanic connection here. However, this assembly work was not only costly, but always caused potential sources of intermodulation interference.
Demgegenüber wird nunmehr vorgeschlagen, ausgehend von einer Leiterplatine, die bevorzugt strahlerseitig mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Massefläche und einer darüber befindlichen Isolierschicht versehen ist, darauf aufbauend den Reflektorrahmen mit der mit ihm verbundenen Strahler- anordnung zu setzen, der mit einer Koppelfläche parallel zur Massefläche der Leiterplatine versehen ist, wobei an dieser Koppelfläche dann wiederum für die Diagrammformung benötigten Längs- und/oder Querstege ausgebildet sind. Mit anderen Worten wird bevorzugt eine kapazitive Reflektor- rahmen-Kopplung vorgeschlagen, die es ermöglicht, die für die Diagrammformung notwendigen Längs- und/oder Querstege kapazitiv mit einer auf einer Leiterplatine sitzenden Massefläche zu koppeln. Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist also bevorzugt eine kapazitive Kopplung des Reflektorrahmens auf einer Leiterplatine ohne galvanische Verbindung zwischen Reflektor und Leiterplatinen-Massefläche vorgesehen. Die Erfindung zeichnet sich durch eine stabile intermodulationsfreie Verbindung aus. Vor allem lässt sich im Rahmen der Erfindung durch einen eindeutig definierten Abstand und/oder durch eine eindeutig vorgebbare Größe der Koppelflächen auch eine exakt definierte Kopplung zwischen Massefläche der Leiterplatine und dem Reflektorrahmen gewährleisten.In contrast, it is now proposed, starting from a printed circuit board, which is preferably provided on the radiator side with an electrically conductive ground surface and an insulating layer above, building on the reflector frame with its associated radiator arrangement, with a coupling surface parallel to the ground plane of the printed circuit board is provided, which are then formed in turn for the diagram forming required longitudinal and / or transverse webs on this coupling surface. In other words, it is preferable to provide a capacitive reflector frame coupling which makes it possible to capacitively couple the longitudinal and / or transverse webs required for the diagram shaping with a ground plane which is seated on a printed circuit board. In the context of the invention, therefore, a capacitive coupling of the reflector frame is preferably provided on a printed circuit board without galvanic connection between reflector and printed circuit board ground plane. The invention is characterized by a stable intermodulation-free connection. Above all, a precisely defined coupling between the ground plane of the printed circuit board and the reflector frame can be ensured within the scope of the invention by a clearly defined distance and / or by a clearly predefinable size of the coupling surfaces.
Schließlich ist auch eine schnelle und unkomplizierte Montage im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich, wodurch Fehlerquellen reduziert werden und vor allem Lötstellen am Re- flektor wegfallen. Wird die erfindungsgemäße einheitlich gegossene Antennenanordnung bestehend aus Reflektorrahmen und Strahlermodul oder Strahlermodulen als Antennenanordnung verwendet, so wären weitere Montageschritte zur Verbindung mit einem zusätzlichen beispielsweise mit einer Massefläche versehenen Leiterplatine überhaupt nicht mehr notwendig. Wird eine derartigen mit einer Massefläche versehene Leiterplatine zur Herstellung einer kapazitiven Außenleiterkopplung verwendet, so ist eine einfache Verbindung dadurch möglich, dass beispielsweise ein doppel- seitig klebender Klebestreifen verwendet wird, um den Reflektorrahmen mit der darunter befindlichen mit einer Massefläche versehenen Leiterplatine unter Ausbildung des Gesamtreflektors mit der kapazitiven Außenleiterkopplung herzustellen .Finally, a quick and uncomplicated installation within the scope of the invention is possible, whereby sources of error are reduced and, above all, solder joints on the reflector are omitted. If the uniformly cast antenna arrangement according to the invention consisting of reflector frame and radiator module or radiator modules is used as the antenna arrangement, then further mounting steps for connection to an additional printed circuit board provided, for example, with a ground plane would not be necessary at all. If such a printed circuit board provided with a ground plane is used for producing a capacitive outer conductor coupling, a simple connection is possible by using, for example, a double-sided adhesive strip to form the reflector frame with the ground plane printed circuit board underneath, forming the overall reflector to produce with the capacitive outer conductor coupling.
Die fertig montierte Einheit, bestehend aus dem Reflektorrahmen und der damit verbundenen Strahleranordnung und der Leiterplatine, bildet eine selbstragende Einheit. Der Reflektorrahmen sowie die Basis der Strahleranordnung oder der Strahleranordnungen kann auf der Platine mit allen geeigneten Mitteln fixiert werden, beispielsweise mittels Clips, mittels eines beidseitig klebenden Klebebandes, separaten Klebers etc.The fully assembled unit, consisting of the reflector frame and the associated radiator arrangement and the printed circuit board, forms a self-supporting unit. Of the Reflector frame and the base of the radiator arrangement or the radiator arrangements can be fixed on the board by any suitable means, for example by means of clips, by means of a double-sided adhesive tape, separate adhesive, etc.
Bevorzugt ist die Massefläche auf der Leiterplatine von Hause aus mit einer eine galvanische Trennung zu dem Reflektorrahmen ermöglichenden Isolierschicht versehen, beispielsweise in Form eines Lackes, insbesondere Lötstoplackes, einer Folie oder einer sonstigen Kunststoffschicht. Wenn der Reflektorrahmen mittels eines beidseitig klebenden Klebebandes aufgeklebt wird, wird hierdurch bereits eine Isolierung und damit eine galvanische Tren- nung zwischen dem elektrisch leitfähigen Reflektorrahmen einerseits und Massefläche auf der Leiterplatine andererseits erzeugt, so dass auf eine separate Isolierschicht auf der Massefläche sogar verzichtet werden könnte.Preferably, the ground surface on the printed circuit board is provided with a galvanic isolation from the reflector frame enabling insulating layer, for example in the form of a paint, in particular Lötstoplackes, a film or other plastic layer. If the reflector frame is adhesively bonded by means of a double-sided adhesive tape, an insulation and thus a galvanic separation between the electrically conductive reflector frame on the one hand and the ground plane on the printed circuit board on the other hand are already produced, so that a separate insulating layer on the ground surface could even be dispensed with ,
Weitere Vorteile, Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich nachfolgend aus dem anhand von Figuren erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen. Dabei zeigen im Einzelnen:Further advantages, details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following with reference to figures explained embodiments. In detail:
Figur 1: eine schematische dreidimensionale Dar- Stellung eines Grundtyps einer erfindungsgemäßen Antenne mit einer dualpolarisierten Strahleranordnung;FIG. 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional representation of a basic type of antenna according to the invention with a dual-polarized radiator arrangement;
Figur 2: eine Explosionsdarstellung des Ausfüh- rungsbeispieles nach Figur 1;FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;
Figur 3: eine entsprechende schematische dreidimensionale Darstellung für eine erfindungsge- mäße Antennenanordnung mit drei versetzt zueinander angeordneten und dualpolarisierten Strahlern;FIG. 3 shows a corresponding schematic three-dimensional representation for a erfindungsge- antenna arrangement with three mutually offset and dual-polarized emitters;
Figur 4: eine Explosionsdarstellung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Figur 3;Figure 4 is an exploded view of the embodiment of Figure 3;
Figur 5 : eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung durch einen dualpolarisierten Strahler mit einem Teil der Reflektoranordnung zur Verdeutlichung der Speisung des Strahlers; undFigure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view through a dual polarized radiator with a portion of the reflector assembly to illustrate the supply of the radiator; and
Figur 6 : ein zu Figur 5 abgewandeltes Ausführungs- beispiel.FIG. 6 shows an embodiment modified from FIG. 5.
In Figur 1 ist der Grundtyp einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung gezeigt, wie sie beispielsweise für eine Mobilfunk-Basisstation verwendet werden kann. Die Anten- nenanordnung umfasst eine Reflektoranordnung 1, vor der ein dualpolarisierter Strahler oder eine dualpolarisierte Strahleranordnung 3 vorgesehen ist. Es handelt sich im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel um einen Vektordipol, der in zwei senkrecht zueinander stehenden Polarisationsebenen P strahlt, die senkrecht zur Reflektorebene stehen und quasi diagonal durch die Ecken der in Draufsicht her quadratisch gebildeten Strahleranordnung verlaufen. Bezüglich des Aufbaus und der Funktionsweise eines derartigen Strahlertyps wird beispielsweise auf die WO 00/039894 Al ver- wiesen.In Figure 1, the basic type of an antenna arrangement according to the invention is shown, as it can be used for example for a mobile radio base station. The antenna arrangement comprises a reflector arrangement 1, in front of which a dual-polarized emitter or a dual-polarized emitter arrangement 3 is provided. In the exemplary embodiment shown, this is a vector dipole which radiates in two mutually perpendicular planes of polarization P, which are perpendicular to the reflector plane and extend virtually diagonally through the corners of the emitter array which is formed quadratically in plan view. With regard to the construction and the mode of operation of such a radiator type, reference is made, for example, to WO 00/039894 A1.
Grundsätzlich kann aber jeder Strahler oder Strahlertyp, im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendet werden, insbesondere Dipolstrahler und/oder Patchstrahler, wie sie beispielsweise aus den Vorveröffentlichungen DE 197 22 742 Al, DE 196 27 015 Al, US 5,710,569 A, WO 00/039894 Al oder DE 101 50 150 Al bekannt sind.In principle, however, any radiator or radiator type can be used within the scope of the invention, in particular Dipole radiators and / or patch radiators, as they are known for example from the prior publications DE 197 22 742 Al, DE 196 27 015 Al, US 5,710,569 A, WO 00/039894 Al or DE 101 50 150 Al.
Aus der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 ist zu entnehmen, dass die Antennenanordnung einen sogenannten Reflektor oder Reflektorrahmen 11 aufweist. Dieser Reflektor oder Reflektorrahmen 11 umfasst eine Reflektorfläche 13, die nachfol- gend teilweise auch im Hinblick auf ein später noch zu erörterndes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung als Koppelfläche 13' bezeichnet wird. Diese Reflektorfläche 13 ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel mit senkrecht zur Reflektorfläche 13 verlaufenden Längsstegen 15 und Querstegen 17 versehen, die im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel an den Außenbegrenzungen des Reflektorrahmens 11 ausgebildet und/ oder vorgesehen sind, allerdings auch gegenüber den Außenbegrenzungen des Reflektorrahmens 11 weiter nach innen versetzt liegen können, so dass ein außen über die Stege 15, 17 überstehender Abschnitt des Reflektors verbleibt. Diese Längs- und Querstege 15, 17 sind auch an den Eckbereichen 19 miteinander verbunden. Die gezeigten Längsund Querstege müssen nicht zwingend senkrecht zur Reflektorfläche 13 ausgerichtet sein. Diese Stege können zum Teil auch in einer von einem 90' Winkel abweichenden Ausrichtung zur Reflektorfläche verlaufen, beispielsweise in Strahlrichtung divergierend oder aufeinander zu laufen oder eher nach links oder nach rechts geneigt sein etc. Beschränkungen existieren insoweit grundsätzlich nicht.From the illustration according to FIG. 1 it can be seen that the antenna arrangement has a so-called reflector or reflector frame 11. This reflector or reflector frame 11 comprises a reflector surface 13, which will be referred to below as a coupling surface 13 'partly also with regard to an embodiment of the invention to be discussed later. This reflector surface 13 is provided in the embodiment shown with perpendicular to the reflector surface 13 extending longitudinal webs 15 and transverse webs 17 which are formed and / or provided in the embodiment shown on the outer boundaries of the reflector frame 11, but also offset from the outer boundaries of the reflector frame 11 further inward can, so that an outside of the webs 15, 17 projecting portion of the reflector remains. These longitudinal and transverse webs 15, 17 are also connected to each other at the corner regions 19. The longitudinal and transverse webs shown need not necessarily be aligned perpendicular to the reflector surface 13. Some of these webs can also run in a direction deviating from a 90 'angle to the reflector surface, for example, diverging or converging in the beam direction or rather inclined to the left or to the right, etc. In principle, there are no restrictions.
Aus der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 ist auch ersichtlich, dass die Reflektorfläche 13 mit einer Ausnehmung 13a versehen ist, die im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel in Längs- und Querrichtung zumindest so groß dimensioniert ist', wie der dualpolarisierte Strahler 3 bezüglich seiner Längs- und/oder Quererstreckung. Die Ausschnittsfläche unter Bildung der entsprechenden Ausnehmung 13a kann dabei be- liebig geformt sein, d.h. sie kann von der Außenkontur des Strahlers abweichen und sogar gekrümmte Kantenverläufe umfassen, so dass die so gebildete Ausnehmung 13a durch kurvige Streckenabläufe oder durch sonstige beliebige Begrenzungslinien definiert ist.It can also be seen from the illustration according to FIG. 1 that the reflector surface 13 is provided with a recess 13a, which in the exemplary embodiment shown extends longitudinally. and transverse direction is dimensioned at least as large ' , as the dual-polarized radiator 3 with respect to its longitudinal and / or transverse extent. The cut-out surface with the formation of the corresponding recess 13a can be shaped as desired, ie it can deviate from the outer contour of the radiator and even comprise curved edge courses, so that the recess 13a thus formed is defined by curvy track sequences or by any other boundary lines.
Aus der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 ist auch ersichtlich, dass die beiden um 90" verdreht zueinander angeordneten Symmetrierungen 21 (jeweils eine Symmetrierung für je eine Polarisation der Strahlereinrichtung 3) eine sie gemeinsam verbindende in Figur 1 unten liegende Basis 121 aufweisen, von der nach oben verlaufend sogenannte Symmetrierschlitze 123 vorgesehen sind. Insoweit wird im Folgenden vor allem auch von einer Trageinrichtung 21 für die Dipole oder Strahler oder Dipol- oder Strahlerhälften etc. gesprochen, wobei die Trageinrichtung entsprechende axial von oben in Richtung Basis 121 verlaufende Schlitze 123 umfassen.It can also be seen from the illustration according to FIG. 1 that the two symmetries 21 (each symmetrical for each polarization of the radiator device 3) rotated by 90 ° have a base 121 connecting them together in FIG In the following, in particular, a supporting device 21 for the dipoles or radiators or dipole or radiator halves, etc., is used, the support means comprising corresponding slots 112 running axially from the top towards the base 121.
Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung zeichnet sich gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante dadurch aus, dass die zumindest eine Strahleranordnung und ein zugehöriger Reflektor oder zumindest ein zugehöriger Reflektorrahmen gemeinsam gegossen werden, also aus einem gemeinsamen Gussteil bestehen. Bevorzugt umfasst die gesamte Antennenanordnung zumindest eine Strahleranordnung und den Reflektor oder den Teil-Re- flektor oder einen Reflektorrahmen, die aus einem gemeinsamen Gussteil, insbesondere Druckgussteil wie beispielsweise einem Metall-Druckgussteil oder einem Alu-Gussteil gebildet sind. Möglich ist auch die gesamte Anordnung aus einem dielektrischen Material, insbesondere Kunststoffmaterial zu gießen und anschließend mit einer metallisierter, d.h. elektrisch leitfähigen Oberfläche zu versehen.According to one embodiment, the antenna arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one radiator arrangement and an associated reflector or at least one associated reflector frame are cast together, ie consist of a common cast part. Preferably, the entire antenna arrangement comprises at least one radiator arrangement and the reflector or the partial reflector or a reflector frame, which are formed from a common casting, in particular die-cast part such as a metal die-cast part or an aluminum casting. The entire arrangement is also possible To cast a dielectric material, in particular plastic material and then to provide a metallized, ie electrically conductive surface.
Wie aus Figur 1 auch zu ersehen ist, ist die in der Reflektorebene des Reflektorrahmens 11, also in Höhe der Reflektorfläche 13 vorgesehene fensterförmige Ausnehmung 13a in Draufsicht näherungsweise quadratisch gestaltet. Dabei ist diese fensterförmige quadratisch Ausgestaltung in vier Teilöffnungen 13 'a gegliedert, nämlich durch jeweils von der Basis 121 der Trageinrichtung und/oder Sym- metrierung 21 mittig und quer, d.h. insbesondere senkrecht zu den Seitenbegrenzungen des Fensterausschnittes verlaufende Haltestege 131, die während des Gussvorganges der Antennenanordnung mit der Strahleranordnung und dem Reflektorrahmen 11 gemeinsam gegossen werden. Durch diese insgesamt vier Haltestege 131 wird die Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung 21 und damit die gesamte Strahleranordnung 3 mit dem Reflektorrahmen 11 verbunden und somit gehalten.As can also be seen from FIG. 1, the window-shaped recess 13a provided in the reflector plane of the reflector frame 11, that is to say at the level of the reflector surface 13, is approximately square in plan view. In this case, this window-shaped, square configuration is subdivided into four partial openings 13 'a, namely centrally and transversely, in each case by the base 121 of the support device and / or symmetrization 21, i. in particular perpendicular to the side boundaries of the window opening extending retaining webs 131, which are cast together during the casting process of the antenna assembly with the radiator assembly and the reflector frame 11. Through this total of four retaining webs 131, the support device and / or balancing 21 and thus the entire radiator assembly 3 is connected to the reflector frame 11 and thus held.
Die Breite der Haltestege 131 entspricht der Schlitzbreite der Schlitze 123 in der Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung 21, worüber die oben liegenden Dipol- oder Strah- lerhälften 3a gehalten sind. Die Dicke der Haltestege 131 kann beliebig gewählt werden. So kann die Dicke der Haltestege 131 beispielsweise der Dicke der Koppelflächen 13 oder aber auch der Dicke der Basis 121 der Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung 21, d.h. der Trägereinrichtung 21 entsprechen.The width of the holding webs 131 corresponds to the slot width of the slots 123 in the carrying device and / or balancing 21, via which the overhead dipole or laser halves 3a are held. The thickness of the holding webs 131 can be chosen arbitrarily. Thus, the thickness of the holding webs 131, for example, the thickness of the coupling surfaces 13 or even the thickness of the base 121 of the support means and / or balancing 21, i. the carrier device 21 correspond.
Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel reichen die Schlitze 123 etwa bis zur Oberfläche der Koppelflächen 13 bzw. der Oberfläche der Haltestege 131, können aber auch oberhalb enden.In the illustrated embodiment, the slots 123 extend approximately to the surface of the coupling surfaces 13 and the surface of the holding webs 131, but can also above end up.
Vorzugsweise ist der Reflektorrahmen 11 gemeinsam mit der gesamten Strahleranordnung 3 aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material, beispielsweise aus einem Metall-Gussteil hergestellt (Aluminium aber auch andere Materialien kommen hierfür in Betracht) . Es kann sich hierbei auch um ein Kunststoffteil handeln, welches anschließend metallisiert, also mit einer metallisch leitfähigen Oberfläche überzogen wurde. Insbesondere bei der Herstellung des Reflektorrah- mens 11 aus Metall kommen auch andere Herstellverfahren in Betracht, beispielsweise eine Herstellung des Reflektorrahmens durch Tiefziehen, Fräsen oder dergleichen. Mit anderen Worten kann die Antennenanordnung mit der Strahleranordnung 3 und dem Reflektor oder Reflektorrahmen auch durch andere Herstellverfahren als gemeinsames Teil hergestellt werden, beispielsweise durch Fräsen, gegebenenfalls durch Tiefziehen usw. Häufig wird hier insoweit auch von einem sogenannten "Urform-Verfahren" gesprochen.Preferably, the reflector frame 11 is made together with the entire radiator assembly 3 of an electrically conductive material, for example of a metal casting (aluminum but other materials come into consideration for this). It may also be a plastic part, which is then metallized, that has been coated with a metallic conductive surface. In particular, in the production of the reflector frame 11 made of metal, other production methods come into consideration, for example, a production of the reflector frame by deep drawing, milling or the like. In other words, the antenna arrangement with the radiator arrangement 3 and the reflector or reflector frame can also be produced by other production methods as a common part, for example by milling, optionally by deep-drawing, etc. Often, this is also referred to here as a so-called "archetype method".
Eine Ausbildung der Antennenanordnung mit den oben erwähnten Haltestegen 131 und den Schlitzen 123 sowie den erläuterten fensterförmigen Ausnehmungen 13 'a hat den Vorteil, dass beispielsweise ein Gießwerkzeug verwendet werden kann, das kreuzförmige Wände aufweist, die nach erfolgtem Gießvorgang bei der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 senkrecht zur Reflektorfläche nach oben hin abgezogen werden können, worüber die kreuzförmigen Trenn- und Symmetrierschlitze und die innen liegenden weiteren Ausnehmungen 151 (die benötigt werden um hier Speisekabel zu verlegen) nach oben abgezogen werden können, wohingegen ein anderes Teil des Gießwerkzeuges durch die vier Teilfensterausnehmungen 13 'a nach unten abgezogen werden können. Nur dann, wenn zumindest auf Quer- und/oder Längsstege verzichtet werden wür- de, könnte ein derartiges Werkzeug auch seitlich, d.h. parallel zur Koppelflächenebene 13 abgezogen werden, so dass dann auf die fensterförmigen Ausnehmungen 13a in Höhe der Koppeflächen 13 verzichtet werden könnte.A design of the antenna arrangement with the above-mentioned retaining struts 131 and the slots 123 and the illustrated window-shaped recesses 13 'a has the advantage that, for example, a casting tool can be used which has cruciform walls, which are perpendicular after casting in the representation of Figure 1 can be deducted to the reflector surface upwards, about which the cross-shaped separation and Symmetrierschlitze and the inner further recesses 151 (which are required to lay supply cable here) can be pulled upwards, whereas another part of the casting tool through the four Teilfensterausnehmungen 13th 'a can be deducted down. Only if at least transverse and / or longitudinal webs would be dispensed with. de, such a tool could also laterally, ie be deducted parallel to the coupling surface plane 13, so that then could be dispensed with the window-shaped recesses 13a in the amount of the coupling surfaces 13.
Eine derartige gebildete Antennenanordnung ist für sich genommen, nachdem die entsprechenden Verkabelung insbesondere zur Speisung der Strahleranordnung eingebaut worden ist, voll funktionsfähig. Dabei wird durch die anhand von Figur 1 erläuterte Antennenanordnung eine einheitlich handhabbare, mechanisch fest verbundene Gesamtanordnung bestehend aus einem Dipolstrahler (im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem dualpolarisierten Dipolstrahler) und einem Reflektorrahmen gebildet.Such a formed antenna arrangement is in itself, after the corresponding wiring has been installed in particular for feeding the radiator assembly, fully functional. In this case, a uniformly manageable, mechanically fixed overall arrangement consisting of a dipole radiator (in the illustrated embodiment of a dual-polarized dipole radiator) and a reflector frame is formed by the explained with reference to Figure 1 antenna arrangement.
Abweichend davon kann diese Antennenanordnung aber auch noch weiter komplettiert werden, nämlich mit einer zusätzlichen den Gesamtreflektor ergebenden Massefläche, die auf einem Substrat ausgebildet ist.Deviating from this, however, this antenna arrangement can also be completed even further, namely with an additional ground plane resulting in the overall reflector, which is formed on a substrate.
Dazu wird auf die Explosionsdarstellung gemäß Figur 2 verwiesen.For this purpose, reference is made to the exploded view of Figure 2.
Wie sich insbesondere aus der Explosionsdarstellung bezüg- lieh einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung gemäß Figur 2 ergibt, kann die Antennenanordnung ferner auch noch eine Leiterplatine 5 umfassen, nämlich ein sogenanntes "printed cireuit board" (PCB), welche bevorzugt auf der der Strahlerseite zuweisenden Seite 5a, der sogenann- ten Strahler- oder Massenflächenseite 5a, mit einer vorzugsweise vollflächigen elektrisch leitfähigen Massefläche 7 versehen ist. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Leiterbahnebene 5b (also auf der zu Figur 1 und 2 nicht näher dargestell- ten Unterseite der Leiterplatine 5) sind dann die elektrischen Bauteile sowie die die elektrischen Bauteile verbindenden Leiterbahnen vorgesehen.As can be seen in particular from the exploded view with respect to a preferred development of the invention according to FIG. 2, the antenna arrangement can also comprise a printed circuit board 5, namely a so-called "printed control board" (PCB), which is preferably on the side facing the emitter side 5a, the so-called radiator or mass surface side 5a, is provided with a preferably full-surface electrically conductive ground surface 7. On the opposite conductor track plane 5b (that is, not shown in more detail in FIGS. 1 and 2). th underside of the printed circuit board 5) are then provided, the electrical components and the interconnecting the electrical components interconnects.
Üblicherweise ist die Massefläche 7 mit einer in Figur 2 nicht wiedergegebenen Isolierschicht 8 überdeckt, beispielsweise in Form einer Kunststoff- oder Folienschicht, einer Lackschicht oder sogenannten Lötstoplackschicht etc.Usually, the ground surface 7 is covered with an insulating layer 8, not reproduced in FIG. 2, for example in the form of a plastic or foil layer, a lacquer layer or so-called solder resist layer, etc.
Die anhand von Figur 1 erläuterte Antennenanordnung mit der Strahleranordnung 3 und dem Reflektorrahmen 11 kann mit der Leiterplatine 5 fest verbunden werden, und zwar durch alle hierfür geeignete Maßnahmen. Eine Montage beider Teile kann beispielsweise durch Fixierung einer von der Leiterplatinenrückseite her in die Unterseite, also die Basis 121 der Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung 21 einzudrehenden Schraube oder durch andere clipartige Befestigungselemente erfolgen, wobei die Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung 21, worüber die Strahlerelemente 3a des dualpolarisierten Strahlers 3 gehalten sind, kapazitiv mit der darunter befindlichen Massefläche 7 der Leiterplatine 5 gekoppelt ist.The illustrated with reference to Figure 1 antenna arrangement with the radiator assembly 3 and the reflector frame 11 can be firmly connected to the circuit board 5, through all appropriate measures. An assembly of both parts can be done for example by fixing one of the printed circuit board back forth in the bottom, ie the base 121 of the support device and / or balancing 21 einzudrehenden screw or other clip-like fasteners, wherein the support means and / or balancing 21, what the radiator elements 3a of the dual-polarized radiator 3, is capacitively coupled to the underlying ground surface 7 of the printed circuit board 5.
Auch der Reflektorrahmen 11 könnte durch geeignete mecha- nische Maßnahmen mit der Leiterplatine verbunden werden. Bevorzugt wird jedoch der Reflektorrahmen 11 mittels einer beidseitig klebenden Klebefolie 9 auf der Oberseite der Leiterplatine 5 befestigt, wobei die Klebefolie 9 im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem fensterartigen Aus- schnitt 9' versehen ist, dessen Größe und Positionierung dem Ausschnitt 13a in der Koppelfläche 13 des Reflektorrahmens 11 entspricht oder angenähert ist. Die Klebefolie kann dabei aber auch durchgängig sein, also ohne den vor- stehend genannten fensterartigen Ausschnitt 9' versehen sein. Dabei kann auch auf der Unterseite der Basis 121 der Trageinrichtung und/oder Syirunetrierung 21 eine entsprechende mit einer beidseitigen Klebeschicht versehene KIe- befolie 9 oder ein anderer Abstandshalter vorgesehen sein, so dass zwischen der Unterseite der Koppelflächen 13 sowie der Unterseite der Basis 121 zu der darunter befindlichen mit einer Isolierschicht überdeckten Massefläche 7 der Leiterplatine 5 die gleichen Abstandsverhältnisse und Bedingungen gegeben sind.The reflector frame 11 could also be connected to the printed circuit board by suitable mechanical measures. Preferably, however, the reflector frame 11 is fixed by means of a double-sided adhesive film 9 on the upper side of the printed circuit board 5, wherein the adhesive film 9 in the illustrated embodiment with a window-like cutout 9 'is provided, the size and positioning of the cutout 13a in the coupling surface 13 of Reflector frame 11 corresponds or approximated. The adhesive film can also be continuous, ie without the standing mentioned window-like cutout 9 'be provided. In this case, on the underside of the base 121 of the carrying device and / or Syirunetrierung 21 a corresponding provided with a double-sided adhesive layer KIe- befolie 9 or another spacer may be provided so that between the bottom of the coupling surfaces 13 and the bottom of the base 121 to the underlying therewith covered with an insulating layer ground surface 7 of the printed circuit board 5, the same distance conditions and conditions are given.
Sollte die Isolierschicht 8 auf der Massefläche 7 ebenfalls mit einem Fenster versehen sein, so dass im Bereich dieses Fensters die Isolierschicht 8 weggelassen ist (wo- bei dieser Bereich, wo die Isolierschicht 8 auf der Massefläche weggelassen ist, vergleichbar der Größe und/oder Anordnung des anderen Fensters 9' bezüglich der doppelseitigen Klebeeinrichtung 9 und/oder der Ausnehmung 13a in der Reflektorfläche 13 entsprechen kann) , würde in diesem Bereich die Massefläche 7 "blank" liegen. In diesem Fall könnte die Basis 121, also die Unterseite der Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung 21, auch galvanisch mit der Massefläche 7 kontaktiert sein. In der Platine sind Bohrungen und damit fluchtende Axialbohrungen in der Basis 121 der Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung 21 der Strahleranordnungen ausgebildet, um hier von der Rückseite der Leiterplatine jeweils einen der Speisung dienenden Innenleiter nach oben zu führen und über einen Brückenabschnitt mit der jeweils diagonal gegenüberliegenden zweiten Hälfte 3a der oben liegenden Strahlereinrichtung 3 galvanisch oder wie beispielsweise in der WO 2005/060049 Al beschrieben induktiv zu koppeln. Es wird von daher insoweit auch bezüglich der Funktionsweise auf die vor- stehend genannte Vorveröffentlichung bzw. auf die später noch erörterten Figuren 5 und 6 verwiesen.Should the insulating layer 8 on the ground surface 7 also be provided with a window, so that in the region of this window, the insulating layer 8 is omitted (which this area where the insulating layer 8 is omitted on the ground surface, comparable size and / or arrangement of the other window 9 'with respect to the double-sided adhesive device 9 and / or the recess 13a in the reflector surface 13 may correspond), the ground surface 7 would be "bare" in this area. In this case, the base 121, that is to say the underside of the carrying device and / or balancing 21, could also be contacted galvanically with the ground surface 7. In the board holes and aligned axial bores in the base 121 of the support means and / or balancing 21 of the radiator assemblies are formed to lead here from the back of the circuit board each serving a serving inner conductor upwards and over a bridge portion with each diagonally opposite second half 3a of the overhead radiating device 3 galvanically or as described for example in WO 2005/060049 Al inductively coupled. It is therefore also relevant to the way in which referred to above pre-publication or refer to the later still discussed Figures 5 and 6.
Um eine feste Verbindung einmal zwischen der Reflektorflä- che 13, also eine feste Verbindung zwischen dem Reflektorrahmen 11 zum einen und der Unterseite der Basis 121 der Strahleranordnung 3 zum anderen mit der Leiterplatine zu gewährleisten, können alle erdenkbaren Verbindungsverfahren in Betracht kommen. So kann beispielsweise eine Klebe- masse auf der Oberseite der Leiterplatine (also der Masse- fläche bzw. der die Massefläche überdeckenden Isolierschicht 9) aufgetragen und/oder auf der Unterseite der Koppelfläche 13 aufgetragen werden. Möglich sind aber auch clipförmige Teile, die beim Aufsetzen ineinander greifen und eine Verrastung realisieren.In order to ensure a firm connection once between the reflector surface 13, that is to say a fixed connection between the reflector frame 11 on the one hand and the underside of the base 121 of the radiator arrangement 3 on the other hand with the printed circuit board, all imaginable connecting methods can be considered. Thus, for example, an adhesive can be applied to the upper side of the printed circuit board (ie the ground surface or the insulating layer 9 covering the ground surface) and / or applied to the underside of the coupling surface 13. But are also possible clip-shaped parts that engage in touchdown and realize a catch.
Bevorzugt wird jedoch das vorstehend erwähnte doppelseitig klebende Klebeband 9 verwendet, wodurch ein fest vorgegebener Abstand zwischen der Koppelfläche 13 und der Masse- fläche 7 gewährleistet und gleichzeitig eine mechanisch feste Verbindung realisiert wird. Durch eine derartige Verbindung stellt der Reflektorrahmen 11 mit der Leiterplatine 5 eine fest verbundene selbsttragende Einheit dar.Preferably, however, the above-mentioned double-sided adhesive tape 9 is used, whereby a fixed predetermined distance between the coupling surface 13 and the ground surface 7 ensures and at the same time a mechanically strong connection is realized. By such a connection, the reflector frame 11 with the printed circuit board 5 is a firmly connected self-supporting unit.
Durch den geschilderten Aufbau wird durch die kapazitive Kopplung der Reflektorfläche 13, die deshalb teilweise auch als Koppelfläche 13' bezeichnet wird, und der darunter befindlichen Massefläche 7 auf der Leiterplatine 5 eine kapazitive Kopplung erzeugt, die auch für die Längs- und/oder Querstege 15, 17 die gewünschte kapazitive An- kopplung der Massefläche gewährleistet.Due to the described construction, a capacitive coupling is produced by the capacitive coupling of the reflector surface 13, which is therefore also partially referred to as the coupling surface 13 ', and the underlying ground surface 7 on the printed circuit board 5, which also for the longitudinal and / or transverse webs 15th 17 ensures the desired capacitive coupling of the ground plane.
Anhand von Figur 3 ist lediglich eine Erweiterung der- gestalt wiedergegeben, wonach die entsprechende Antennenanordnung auch mehrere in Anbaurichtung nebeneinander bzw. übereinander sitzende Strahleranordnungen 3 umfassen kann, wobei eine derartigen Antennenanordnung mit den mehreren Strahlern üblicherweise in Vertikalrichtung aufgestellt wird, so dass die mehreren Strahleranordnungen in einer Vertikalebene übereinander beabstandet angeordnet sind. Der Reflektorrahmen kann dabei eine der Anzahl der Strahleranordnung entsprechende Anzahl von Reflektorfeldern 25 umfassen. Die Größe der Antennenanordnung ist insoweit beliebig erweiterbar. Bevorzugt ist in diesem Fall das doppelseitig klebende Klebeband 9 entsprechend lang ausgebildet und mit drei Ausnehmungen 91 versehen, die den drei Ausnehmungen oder Fenstern 13a mit den jeweils vier Teil- fenstern 13 'a in den drei Reflektorfeldern 25 des Reflektorrahmens 11 entsprechen. Durch die in der Leiterplatine eingearbeiteten Bohrung 26 (siehe Figur 2 oder 4) kann ähnlich wie im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 3, von unten her durch Eindrehen einer Schraube in die Basis der Tra- geinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung der Strahlereinrichtung 13 diese Strahlereinrichtung zusätzlich fixiert werden, wobei bevorzugt eine elektrisch nicht-leitfähige Schraube verwendet wird, vor allem dann, wenn die Basis der Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung der Strahler- einrichtung 3 kapazitiv mit der Massefläche 7 der Leiterplatine 5 gekoppelt werden soll. Bevorzugt ist aber auch auf der Unterseite der Basis 121 eine doppelseitig klebende Folie vergleichbar mit dem doppelseitig klebenden Klebeband 9 vorgesehen, damit die Unterseite der Basis 121 sowie die Unterseite der Koppelflächen 13 auf einem gleichen Abstandsniveau zur Oberseite der darunter befindlichen Leiterplatine 5 sitzen. Anhand von Figuren 5 und 6 ist nur in schematischem Schnitt durch eine entsprechende Strahleranordnung angedeutet, wie eine Speisung eines dualpolarisierten oder in ähnlicher Weise auch eines einfachpolarisierten Strahlers 3 erfolgen kann.With reference to FIG. 3, only an extension of the gestalt, according to which the corresponding antenna arrangement may also comprise a plurality of juxtaposed or superimposed in the mounting direction emitter assemblies 3, wherein such an antenna array is set up with the plurality of radiators usually in the vertical direction, so that the plurality of radiator arrays are arranged one above the other in a vertical plane spaced. The reflector frame can comprise a number of reflector fields 25 corresponding to the number of the radiator arrangement. The size of the antenna arrangement is as far as possible expandable. In this case, the double-sided adhesive tape 9 is preferably designed to be correspondingly long and provided with three recesses 9 1 , which correspond to the three recesses or windows 13 a with the respective four partial windows 13 'a in the three reflector fields 25 of the reflector frame 11. By means of the bore 26 incorporated in the printed circuit board (see FIGS. 2 or 4), this radiator device can be additionally fixed from below by screwing a screw into the base of the carrier device and / or symmetrizing the radiator device 13, similarly to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG , wherein preferably an electrically non-conductive screw is used, especially if the base of the support means and / or symmetrization of the radiator device 3 is to be capacitively coupled to the ground plane 7 of the printed circuit board 5. Preferably, however, a double-sided adhesive film similar to the double-sided adhesive tape 9 is provided on the underside of the base 121, so that the bottom of the base 121 and the bottom of the coupling surfaces 13 sit at the same distance level to the top of the underlying printed circuit board 5. Reference is made to FIGS. 5 and 6 only in a schematic section through a corresponding radiator arrangement, as it is possible to supply a dual-polarized or, in a similar manner, a single-polarized radiator 3.
Die Speisung erfolgt üblicherweise mittels eines Koaxialkabels, welches von der Unterseite des Reflektors durch eine in der Trageinrichtung oder Symmetrierung 21 zur Ebene der eigentlichen Dipol- und/oder Strahlerhälften 3a führenden Axialbohrung 103 verläuft. Am oberen Ende dieser Axialbohrung in Höhe der Dipol- und/oder Strahlerhälften 3a ist dann das Koaxialkabel abisoliert, so dass der Außenleiter, der in der Axialbohrung 103 gegenüber der Trag- und/oder Symmetrierung 21 isoliert ist, freiliegt und in dem oberen Bereich dann beispielsweise mittels einer Lötung 201 mit dem inneren Ende einer zugehörigen Dipoloder Strahlerhälfte 3a elektrisch/galvanisch verbunden ist. In Figur 5 ist dabei in den Zeichnungen im Wesentli- chen nur der Innenleiter 101b eingezeichnet. Das Koaxialkabel würde also durch die Axialbohrung 103 von unten her nach oben verlegt sein, wobei der Außenleiter, wie erwähnt, dann am oberen Ende der Trageinrichtung 21 über die Lötung 201 mit der zugehörigen Dipol- oder Strahlerhälfte 3a elektrisch-galvanisch verbunden ist. Bis zu dieser Stelle ist der Außenleiter gegenüber der Trageinrichtung 21 isoliert.The feeding is usually carried out by means of a coaxial cable which extends from the underside of the reflector through an axial bore 103 leading to the plane of the actual dipole and / or radiator halves 3a in the carrying device or symmetrization 21. At the upper end of this axial bore in the amount of the dipole and / or radiator halves 3a then the coaxial cable is stripped so that the outer conductor, which is isolated in the axial bore 103 relative to the supporting and / or balancing 21, exposed and in the upper region then For example, by means of a solder 201 to the inner end of an associated dipole or radiator half 3a is electrically / galvanically connected. In FIG. 5, essentially only the inner conductor 101b is shown in the drawings. The coaxial cable would thus be laid through the axial bore 103 from below upwards, the outer conductor, as mentioned, then at the upper end of the support means 21 via the solder 201 with the associated dipole or radiator half 3a is electrically-galvanically connected. Up to this point, the outer conductor is insulated from the support device 21.
Alternativ oder bevorzugt würde jedoch ein koaxiales Spei- sekabel so angeschlossen werden, dass der Außenleiter am unteren Ende der Bohrung 103 beispielsweise an einem Lötpunkt 201' und der Innenleiter 101b nur durch einen Isolator gehalten und getrennt in der Bohrung 103 nach oben geführt ist. Die Bohrung in der Trageinrichtung wirkt somit als Außenleiter, der den Innenleiter 101b umgibt, so dass hierdurch quasi eine koaxiale Speiseleitung gebildet ist, worüber die Dipol- und/oder Strahlerhälften, die mit der Trägereinrichtung in der Regel als gemeinsames Bauteil elektrisch-galvanisch leitfähig verbunden sind, gespeist werden.Alternatively or preferably, however, a coaxial feed cable would be connected such that the outer conductor is held at the lower end of the bore 103, for example at a soldering point 201 'and the inner conductor 101b is held only by an insulator and separated upward in the bore 103 is guided. The bore in the support device thus acts as an outer conductor, which surrounds the inner conductor 101b, so that quasi a coaxial feed line is formed, via which the dipole and / or radiator halves, which are connected electrically conductive to the carrier device usually as a common component are to be fed.
Erfolgt die Speisung der einen Dipolhälfte (die nicht über den Innenleiter gespeist wird) nicht durch eine elektrisch-galvanische Kopplung beispielsweise im Bereich der Bohrung der Trageinrichtung, aber beispielsweise durch Anlöten eines Außenleiters eines Koaxialkabels, so kann die entsprechende Speisung auch kapazitiv bewirkt werden, beispielsweise durch eine kapazitive Kopplung zwischen der Basis der Trageinrichtung und der Masse- oder Reflektorfläche. Üblicherweise wird also die zugehörige Speiseleitung, in der Regel der Außenleiter eines Koaxialkabels, in einem Bereich unterhalb der Trageinrichtung angeschlossen, der bei Draufsicht senkrecht zum Reflektor bevorzugt in jenem Bereich unterhalb der Dipol- oder Strahlerhälfte liegt, die hierüber gespeist wird.If the supply of a dipole half (which is not fed via the inner conductor) not by an electrically-galvanic coupling, for example in the region of the bore of the support device, but for example by soldering an outer conductor of a coaxial cable, the corresponding supply can also be effected capacitively, for example by a capacitive coupling between the base of the support and the ground or reflector surface. Usually, therefore, the associated feed line, usually the outer conductor of a coaxial cable, connected in an area below the support means, which is preferably perpendicular to the reflector in plan view in that area below the dipole or radiator half, which is fed thereto.
Der üblicherweise mit dem Innenleiter eines Koaxialkabels verbundene Innenleiter 101b ist in der Regel etwa in Höhe der Dipol- und/oder Strahlerhälften 3a um 90° oder in etwa 90° abgewinkelt und führt zu dem benachbarten innenliegenden Ende der zugehörigen zweiten Dipol- und/ oder Strahlerhälfte 3a und ist dort üblicherweise elektrisch mittels Lötung 203 kontaktiert.The inner conductor 101b usually connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial cable is generally angled approximately at the level of the dipole and / or radiator halves 3a by 90 ° or approximately 90 ° and leads to the adjacent inner end of the associated second dipole and / or radiator half 3a and is usually contacted there electrically by means of soldering 203.
Im Falle eines dualpolarisierten Strahlers erfolgt die Speisung der um 90° versetzt zueinander liegenden Dipol- und/oder Strahlerhälften 3a entsprechend, wobei der zweite, zum ersten Innenleiter 101b über Kreuz verlaufende Innenleiter auf einer anderen Ebene angeordnet wird, damit sich die beiden Innenleiter in der Mitte nicht berühren, sondern aneinander vorbeigeführt werden.In the case of a dual-polarized radiator, the feed of the dipole elements offset by 90 ° takes place. and / or radiator halves 3a corresponding, wherein the second, to the first inner conductor 101b cross-extending inner conductor is arranged on a different plane, so that the two inner conductors do not touch in the middle, but are passed to each other.
Bei einem einfach polarisierten Strahler mit nur einer Polarisationsebene wird nur ein auch als Innenleiter bezeichneter Speiseleiter benötigt.In a simply polarized radiator with only one plane of polarization, only one feeder, also referred to as an inner conductor, is needed.
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 6 ist gezeigt, dass das Ende 101b1 des Innenleiters 101b in einer weiteren Axialbohrung 103 frei endet, wobei diese weitere Axialbohrung 103 in der Trag- und/oder Symmetriereinrichtung 21 vorgesehen ist. Dabei ist der frei endende Endabschnitt des Innenleiters 101b über eine gewisse Axiallänge in dieser weiteren Bohrung 103 nach unten geführt und dabei über einen Isolator 203 in der Bohrung 103 gehalten (ähnlich wie der entsprechende Isolator 203 zur Fixierung des Innenleiters 101b in der anderen Axialbohrung 103) , wodurch hier eine kapazitive bzw. serielle Kopplung bezüglich der zweiten Dipol- und/oder Strahlerhälfte 3a' bewerkstelligt wird.In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, it is shown that the end 101b 1 of the inner conductor 101b ends freely in a further axial bore 103, this further axial bore 103 being provided in the supporting and / or balancing device 21. In this case, the freely ending end portion of the inner conductor 101b is guided downward over a certain axial length in this further bore 103 and held in the bore 103 via an insulator 203 (similar to the corresponding insulator 203 for fixing the inner conductor 101b in the other axial bore 103). , whereby a capacitive or serial coupling with respect to the second dipole and / or radiator half 3a 'is accomplished here.
Andere Speisungen sind ebenfalls möglich.Other feeds are also possible.
Nur der Vollständigkeit halber wird erwähnt, dass beispielsweise aus den Figuren 5 und 6 auch zu ersehen ist, dass hier die Schlitze 123 bis zur unteren Ebene oder Basis 121 der Trag- und/oder Symmetriereinrichtung 21 verlaufen. Die Höhe dieser Trag- und/oder Symmetriereinrichtung 21 bzw. der Schlitze 123 sollte bevorzugt in einem Bereich von etwa 1/8 bis 3/8 einer Wellenlänge aus den betreffenden zu übertragenden bzw. zu empfangenden Betriebs-Frequenzband liegen, vorzugsweise sollte die Höhe also 1/8 bis 3/8 bezogen auf die mittlere Wellenlänge λ des zu übertragenden bzw. zu empfangenden Frequenzbandes liegen, also bevorzugt um etwa 1/4 λ. Allgemein sollte also die Strahlerhöhe gegenüber dem Reflektor, also gegenüber der Masse- oder Reflektorfläche einen Wert von λ/10 nicht unterschreiten, wobei eine Beschränkung nach oben hin grundsätzlich nicht besteht, so dass die Strahlerhöhe sogar ein beliebiges Vielfaches von λ betragen könnte. Die Schlitze 123 können dann in ihrer Länge entsprechend ange- passt werden. For the sake of completeness, it is mentioned that it can also be seen, for example, from FIGS. 5 and 6 that here the slots 123 extend to the lower level or base 121 of the carrying and / or balancing device 21. The height of this support and / or balancing device 21 or the slots 123 should preferably be in a range of about 1/8 to 3/8 of a wavelength The respective operating frequency band to be transmitted or to be received is located, preferably the height should therefore be 1/8 to 3/8 relative to the mean wavelength λ of the frequency band to be transmitted or received, ie preferably about 1/4 λ. In general, therefore, the radiator height relative to the reflector, ie with respect to the ground or reflector surface should not fall below a value of λ / 10, with a restriction upwards basically does not exist, so that the radiator height could even be an arbitrary multiple of λ. The slots 123 can then be adapted accordingly in their length.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1. Antennenanordnung mit folgenden Merkmalen: mit zumindest einer dipolförmigen Strahleranordnung (3), - die dipolförmige Strahleranordnung (3) umfasst eine Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung (21) und zugehörige Dipol- und/oder Strahlerhälften (3a) , die Reflektoranordnung (1) weist eine elektrisch leitfähige Reflektorfläche (13) auf, und - die Reflektoranordnung (1) umfasst einen Reflektor oder einen Teil-Reflektor oder einen Reflektorrahmen1. Antenna arrangement having the following features: with at least one dipole radiator arrangement (3), - the dipole radiator arrangement (3) comprises a support device and / or balancing (21) and associated dipole and / or radiator halves (3a), the reflector arrangement (1) has an electrically conductive reflector surface (13), and - the reflector assembly (1) comprises a reflector or a partial reflector or a reflector frame
(11), gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden weiteren Merkmale: die Antennenanordnung umfasst zumindest eine dipolför- mige Strahleranordnung (3) mit der zugehörigen Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung (21) und den zugehörigen Dipol- und/oder Strahlerhälften (3a) sowie den Reflektor oder den Teil-Reflektor oder den Reflektorrahmen (11), die aus einem gemeinsamen Teil gebildet sind, und das Material dieses gemeinsamen Teiles ist elektrisch leitfähig oder ist mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Oberfläche oder Oberflächenschicht versehen, wenn es aus einem dielektrischen Material besteht. (11), characterized by the following further features: the antenna arrangement comprises at least one dipole-shaped radiator arrangement (3) with the associated support device and / or balancing (21) and the associated dipole and / or radiator halves (3a) and the reflector or the sub-reflector or the reflector frame (11), which are formed of a common part, and the material of this common part is electrically conductive or provided with an electrically conductive surface or surface layer, if it consists of a dielectric material.
2. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet: durch die folgenden weiteren Merkmale die Reflektoranordnung (1) oder der Reflektorrahmen (11) weist eine Ausnehmung (13a) auf, in dessen Be- reich die sich quer und insbesondere senkrecht zur Ebene der Reflektoranordnung (1) oder des Reflektorrahmens (11) verlaufende Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung (21) der dualpolarisierten Strahleranordnung (3) erstreckt, und - die Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung (21) ist vorzugsweise an ihrer Basis (121) mit zumindest zwei und vorzugsweise mit zumindest vier in Umfangsrichtung versetzt angeordneten Halte- oder Tragestegen (131) mit dem die Ausnehmung (13a) umgebenden Reflektor- anordnung (1) oder der Reflektorrahmen (11) mechanisch fest verbunden.2. Antenna arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized by the following further features: the reflector arrangement (1) or the reflector frame (11) has a recess (13a) in the region of which the transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the plane of the reflector arrangement (1 ) or the reflector frame (11) extending support means and / or symmetrization (21) of the dual-polarized radiator arrangement (3), and - the support means and / or symmetry (21) is preferably at its base (121) with at least two and preferably at least four offset in the circumferential direction holding or supporting webs (131) with the recess (13a) surrounding the reflector assembly (1) or the reflector frame (11) mechanically fixed.
3. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dipolförmige Strahleranordnung (3) mit der zugehörigen Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung (21) und den zugehörigen Dipol- und/oder Strahlerhälften (3a) sowie dem Reflektor oder dem Teil-Reflektor oder dem Reflektorrahmen (11) aus einem gemeinsamen Gussteil, einem gemeinsamen Tiefziehteil, einem gemeinsamen Prägeteil oder einem gemeinsamen Frästeil oder dergleichen gebildet ist oder ein derartiges Teil umfasst, also vorzugsweise ein nach dem sogenannten Urform-Verfahren gebildetes gemeinsames Teil.3. Antenna arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dipole radiator arrangement (3) with the associated support means and / or balancing (21) and the associated dipole and / or radiator halves (3a) and the reflector or the partial reflector or the reflector frame (11) is formed from a common casting, a common deep-drawn part, a common embossing part or a common milled part or the like, or comprises such a part, ie preferably a common part formed according to the so-called archetype method.
4. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahleranordnung (3) einem einfach polarisierten Dipolstrahler oder aus einer dualpolarisier- ten Strahleranordnung (3) besteht.4. Antenna arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radiator arrangement (3) a simply polarized dipole radiator or of a dualpolarisier th radiator arrangement (3).
5. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dualpolarisierte Strahleranordnung (3) aus einem Kreuzdipol, einem Dipolquadrat oder einem Vektordipol besteht.5. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 2 or 4, characterized in that the dual-polarized radiator arrangement (3) consists of a Kreuzdipol, a Dipolquadrat or a vector dipole.
6. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet:, dass die Trage- oder Haltestege (131) eine Dicke aufweisen, die der Materialdicke der Reflektoranordnung oder des Reflektorrahmens (11) und/oder der Basis (121) der Trageinrichtung (21) entspricht.6. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the carrying or holding webs (131) have a thickness which corresponds to the material thickness of the reflector arrangement or the reflector frame (11) and / or the base (121) of the carrying device ( 21).
7. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, da- durch gekennzeichnet, dass in der einfach oder dualpolarisierten Strahleranordnung (3) senkrecht zur Reflektorebene verlaufende Symmetrierschlitze (123) eingebracht sind, die in der Nähe oder in Höhe der Halte- und Tragestege (131) enden.7. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, character- ized in that in the single or dual polarized radiator arrangement (3) perpendicular to the reflector plane extending Symmetrierschlitze (123) are introduced, in the vicinity or at the level of the holding and supporting webs ( 131).
8. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Halte- und Tragestege (131) in Höhe der Basis (121) der Trageinrichtung und/oder der Symmetrierung (121) der dualpolarisierten Strahleranordnung (3) vor- gesehen sind.8. Antenna arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the holding and supporting webs (131) in the amount of the base (121) of the support means and / or the balancing (121) of the dual-polarized radiator arrangement (3) are provided.
9. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in axialer Draufsicht auf die dualpolarisierte Strahleranordnung (3) die Halte- und Tragestege (131) in linearer Verlängerung des zumindest einen Trageinrichtungs- und/oder Symmetrierschlitzes (123) angeordnet sind. 9. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in axial plan view of the dual-polarized radiator arrangement (3), the holding and supporting webs (131) in linear extension of the at least one Trageinrichtungs- and / or Symmetrierschlitzes (123) are arranged ,
10. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden weiteren Merkmale die Reflektoranordnung (1) oder der Reflektorrahmen (11) umfasst ferner eine Leiterplatine (5), - die Leiterplatine (5) umfasst eine Leiterplatinen- Seite (5a) , auf welcher eine elektrisch leitfähige Massefläche (7) vorgesehen ist, die Reflektoranordnung (1) oder der Reflektorrahmen (11) umfasst eine parallel zur Leiterplatine (5) und/oder zur Massefläche (7) verlaufende Reflektorfläche (13), die als Koppelfläche (13') dient, die Koppelfläche (13') weist die Ausnehmung (13a) auf, worüber die darunter befindliche Massefläche (7) und/oder die Leiterplatine (5) und eine gegebenenfalls vorgesehene Isolier-Zwischenschicht nicht überdeckt ist, und im Bereich der Ausnehmung (13a) ist die zumindest eine Strahleranordnung (3) auf der Leiterplatine (5) positioniert und/oder gehalten.10. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the following further features, the reflector assembly (1) or the reflector frame (11) further comprises a printed circuit board (5), - the printed circuit board (5) comprises a printed circuit board side (5a) , on which an electrically conductive ground surface (7) is provided, the reflector arrangement (1) or the reflector frame (11) comprises a parallel to the printed circuit board (5) and / or the ground surface (7) extending reflector surface (13) acting as a coupling surface ( 13 '), the coupling surface (13') has the recess (13 a), over which the underlying ground surface (7) and / or the printed circuit board (5) and an optionally provided insulating intermediate layer is not covered, and in the region of Recess (13 a), the at least one radiator arrangement (3) on the printed circuit board (5) positioned and / or held.
11. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reflektoranordnung (1) oder der Reflektorrahmen (11) neben der Reflektorfläche (13) zumindest einen Längssteg (15) und/oder zumindest einen Quersteg (17) mit umfasst, der sich quer zur Ebene der Reflektorfläche (13) erhebt und Bestandteil des die Strahleranordnung (3) und die Reflektoranordnung (1) oder den Reflektorrahmen (11) umfassenden gemeinsamen Teiles, insbesondere Gussteiles ist.11. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the reflector arrangement (1) or the reflector frame (11) next to the reflector surface (13) comprises at least one longitudinal web (15) and / or at least one transverse web (17), which rises transversely to the plane of the reflector surface (13) and is a component of the radiator arrangement (3) and the reflector arrangement (1) or the reflector frame (11) comprising common part, in particular castings.
12. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reflektoranordnung (1) oder der Reflektorrahmen (11) zumindest zwei Längsstege (15) und/oder zumindest zwei Querstege (17) umfasst.12. Antenna arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that the reflector arrangement (1) or the reflector frame (11) at least two longitudinal webs (15) and / or at least two transverse webs (17).
13. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reflektoranordnung (1) oder der Reflektorrahmen (11) mit der Leiterplatine (5) mittels mechanischer Verbindungsmittel verbunden ist.13. Antenna arrangement according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the reflector arrangement (1) or the reflector frame (11) with the printed circuit board (5) is connected by means of mechanical connection means.
14. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reflektoranordnung (1) oder der Reflek- torrahmen (11) mit der Leiterplatine (5) mittels einer Clips- und/oder Rast- und/oder Schnappeinrichtung fest verbunden ist.14. Antenna arrangement according to claim 13, characterized in that the reflector arrangement (1) or the reflector gate frame (11) with the printed circuit board (5) by means of a clip and / or latching and / or snap device is firmly connected.
15. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reflektoranordnung (1) oder der Reflektorrahmen (11) mit der Leiterplatine (5) verklebt ist.15. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the reflector arrangement (1) or the reflector frame (11) with the printed circuit board (5) is glued.
16. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reflektoranordnung (1) oder der Reflektorrahmen (11) mit der Leiterplatine (5) unter Verwendung eines doppelseitig klebenden Klebebandes (9) und/oder einer doppelseitig klebenden Klebefolie (9) oder dergleichen fest verbunden ist.16. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the reflector arrangement (1) or the reflector frame (11) with the printed circuit board (5) using a double-sided adhesive tape (9) and / or a double-sided adhesive film (9 ) or the like is firmly connected.
17. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Klebeband (9) oder die Klebefolie (9) eine Ausnehmung aufweist, deren Größe und/oder Lage zumindest der Größe und/oder Lage einer entsprechenden Aus- nehmung (13a) entspricht.17. Antenna arrangement according to claim 16, characterized in that the adhesive tape (9) or the adhesive film (9) has a recess whose size and / or position corresponds at least to the size and / or position of a corresponding recess (13a).
18. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Klebeband (9) oder die Klebefolie (9) zwischen der Unterseite der Reflektorfläche (13) und der Massefläche (7) oder einer die Massefläche (7) überdeckenden Isolierschicht und darüber hinaus im18. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the adhesive tape (9) or the Adhesive film (9) between the underside of the reflector surface (13) and the ground surface (7) or an insulating layer covering the ground surface (7) and beyond
Bereich der Ausnehmung (13a) in der Reflektorfläche (13) vorgesehen ist, vorzugsweise auch im Bereich zwischen derArea of the recess (13 a) in the reflector surface (13) is provided, preferably also in the region between the
Basis (121) der Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung (21) der Strahleranordnung (3) und der Massefläche (7) auf der Leiterplatine (5) .Base (121) of the support means and / or symmetrization (21) of the radiator assembly (3) and the ground surface (7) on the printed circuit board (5).
19. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auch unterhalb der Basis (121) der Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung (21) der Strahleranordnung (3) ein doppelseitiges Klebeband (9) oder eine doppelseitige Klebefolie (9) vorgesehen ist, worüber die Basis (121) der Trageinrichtung und/oder Symmetrierung (21) mit der Leiterplatine (5) mechanisch verbunden ist.19. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that also below the base (121) of the support means and / or symmetrization (21) of the radiator arrangement (3) a double-sided adhesive tape (9) or a double-sided adhesive film (9) is provided is, about which the base (121) of the support means and / or balancing (21) with the printed circuit board (5) is mechanically connected.
20. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Strahleranordnungen (3) vorgesehen sind, die im Abstand zueinander vorzugsweise in einer Anbaurichtung aufeinander folgend positioniert sind.20. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that a plurality of radiator arrangements (3) are provided, which are positioned successively at a distance from one another preferably in a mounting direction.
21. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet/ dass pro Ausnehmung (13a) in einer Koppelfläche (15) eine Strahlereinrichtung (3) angeordnet ist.21. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that / per recess (13a) in a coupling surface (15) has a radiator device (3) is arranged.
22. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet/ dass zwischen zwei Strahleranordnungen (3) ein Quersteg (17) vorgesehen ist. 22. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that / between two radiator arrangements (3) a transverse web (17) is provided.
EP07786354A 2006-08-10 2007-07-26 Antenna arrangement, in particular for a mobile radio base station Not-in-force EP2050165B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2007/006636 WO2008017385A1 (en) 2006-08-10 2007-07-26 Antenna arrangement, in particular for a mobile radio base station

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CN101490902A (en) 2009-07-22
EP2050165B1 (en) 2009-11-18
CN101490902B (en) 2012-11-28
US7679576B2 (en) 2010-03-16
ATE449436T1 (en) 2009-12-15
DE502007002072D1 (en) 2009-12-31
ES2334288T3 (en) 2010-03-08
WO2008017385A1 (en) 2008-02-14
PL2050165T3 (en) 2010-04-30
DE102006037517A1 (en) 2008-02-21

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