EP2049739A1

EP2049739A1 - Arrangement for the construction of a structure having prefabricated construction components

Info

Publication number: EP2049739A1
Application number: EP07788214A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Roman SCHWÖRER
Original assignee: Schwoerer Haus KG
Current assignee: Schwoerer Haus KG
Priority date: 2006-08-04
Filing date: 2007-08-03
Publication date: 2009-04-22
Also published as: DE102006036540A1; WO2008015278A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement for the substructure of a structure, comprising a strip foundation, which comprises a prefabricated reinforced concrete element (1). Further, the arrangement has at least one prefabricated reinforced concrete plate (4), which rests on the strip foundation.

Description

Arrangement for the foundation of a building with prefabricated building elements

The invention relates to an assembly for the substructure of a structure comprising at least one strip foundation. The substructure of a structure transmits all its loads to the subsoil and is also referred to as the founding of the structure. According to the teachings of the basic building, the foundations are to be constructed in such a way that the building is not damaged by settling too much, by excessive ground pressure, by ground breaking or by sliding or tilting of the structure. The foundation should reach into viable and frost-proof layers. Usually, for the establishment of buildings, especially of residential buildings, a flat founding carried out when a stable surface is near the surface of the ground. A flat foundation can be carried out with the help of strip foundations, with the help of individual foundations or as a surface foundation in the form of a base plate.

In known foundation types that are used in conventional house construction, the construction of the substructure, ie the founding of the building consuming, since the majorities of the necessary construction work must be provided on site at the site. Usual foundations of a building are executed by strip foundations with a non-load-bearing base plate or by a load-bearing base plate. Such a supporting base plate is preferably reinforced with two layers of reinforcing steel and alternatively or additionally with fibers, preferably steel fibers. Load-bearing floor panels can have one over their entire surface Take the bend in the two vertical directions. A load-bearing base plate usually has a concrete thickness of about twenty centimeters. However, the sizing of the floor slab is dependent, in particular, on the forces to be introduced by the building into the floor slab, the soil conditions and other requirements for the floor slab, such as a water permeability or resistance to certain substances in the ground or in the upcoming surface or surface water.

The effort on the construction site for producing a load-bearing floor slab is high. First of all, in the case of basement buildings, a gravel layer is applied and compacted on the bottom of the excavation pit or on non-basemented buildings on a prepared floor surface. This gravel layer is also called gravel packing. On the gravel packing waterproofing membranes are laid according to DIN 18195. These sealing sheets may be bituminous sealing sheets or plastic sealing sheets. The sealing sheets are welded together. Both bitumen waterproofing membranes and plastic waterproofing membranes are suitable for sealing against load cases, soil moisture, non-pressurized water and pressurized water. Depending on the load, the waterproofing membranes are used in one or two layers and in different thicknesses.

Two-layer geomembranes are used in conventional waterproofing solutions, so that at the construction site the waterproofing membranes are laid on the underlay in two layers and welded together. The two-ply design achieves a higher level of safety in the sealing of the structure, whereby any possible processing errors do not directly lead to a sinking of the water. In addition to the high workload on the construction site, there is also the danger in the case of two-ply seals that more processing errors can lead to leaks and thus to water leakage.

If the building or the floor slab does not have to be sealed against moisture in accordance with DIN 18195, a polyethylene film is usually arranged on the gravel filter layer in order to produce a separating layer between the gravel filter layer and a floor slab. To produce the base plate or foundations, an edge formwork is placed on the film or on the sealing strip and preferably secured against displacement with piles in the building. The edge formwork limits the floor slab to be built. In the enclosed with the help of the edge formwork interior then a usually two-ply reinforcement is introduced, which is laid by skilled workers on site mostly by hand or with the help of a construction crane. Due to the static requirements of a load-bearing floor slab, a large number of reinforcements, in particular reinforcing mats and curved reinforcing bars, often have to be inserted according to special reinforcement plans. Prior to laying the foil and the reinforcement, drainage pipe trenches must be dug and the drains laid therein. However, this is only necessary if the sewers must be passed through the bottom plate. The pipe trenches must be backfilled with suitable material after laying the sewage pipes.

In order to produce watertight floorboards, the permissible crack width of the cracks produced during the hardening of the concrete must be limited by providing suitable reinforcement. Furthermore, for producing water-impermeable bottom plates, preferably one Concrete mixture used with a suitable water-cement ratio. Water-impermeable supporting floor panels usually have a thickness of> 25 cm. In the case of load-bearing floor slabs, the expected building settlements are generally lower due to a lower floor pressure than for non-load-bearing floor slabs on strip foundations.

Non-bearing floor slabs with strip foundations are usually less expensive to manufacture than load-bearing floor slabs since the non-load floor slabs can be made with less strength and with significantly less steel armoring. The building loads are almost exclusively introduced into the ground via the strip gratings on non-load-bearing floor slabs, which are arranged under all load-bearing building walls. For producing the strip foundations, foundation trenches are to be excavated in addition to the already mentioned pipe trenches. Alternatively, the strip foundations must be completely on a clean layer and poured. In the same way as explained in connection with the load-bearing floor slabs, a gravel layer is to be provided even under a non-load-bearing floor slab, which layer is compacted and from which the necessary foundation trenches and pipe trenches must be dug. When sheathing the strip foundations on the cleanliness view, the space between the strip foundations is filled with soil or, alternatively, with gravel and compacted. Subsequently, a peripheral edge formwork is produced for producing the non-load-bearing bottom plate, which peripherally delimits the non-load-bearing bottom plate to be produced, introduces the steel armor length required for the non-supporting bottom plate, and cast the bottom plate with in-situ concrete. Thus, in the prior art, a high outlay on site on the construction site for producing the substructure for a building required, the quality and cost of producing such floor panels of further conditions, in particular the Witterangsbedingungen and the location and the accessibility of the building site dependent.

The object of the invention is to provide an arrangement for the substructure of a building, by which reduces the cost of producing the substructure of the building and high quality can be ensured. Furthermore, a method for producing a substructure for a building must be specified.

The object is achieved by an arrangement for the substructure of a building having the features of patent claim 1 and by a method for producing the substructure for a building having the features of patent claim 23. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the general knowledge that it is advantageous to manufacture foundation beams and other components for producing the substructure of a structure as components removed from the construction site industrially in a manufacturing plant and to transport it to the construction site. These foundation beams are used in place of locally cast strip foundations. Furthermore, prefabricated ceiling panels are placed on these foundation beams, through which a flat top plate is formed on the top. Thus, a resting on the foundation beams ceiling is made. The ceiling can be designed either as a partially prefabricated ceiling or as a fully prefabricated ceiling. A partially prefabricated ceiling comprises at least one industrially manufactured prefabricated disc-shaped reinforced concrete slab with a concrete usually about 5 cm thick. In this reinforced concrete slab steel lattice girders are included as reinforcement, which protrude from the partially prefabricated reinforced concrete slab. On this steel lattice girders then another steel reinforcement, preferably in the form of rebar mats, arranged and subsequently applied a layer of in-situ concrete on the reinforced concrete slab, which covers both the steel lattice girder and the additionally locally introduced reinforcement. This concrete layer usually has a thickness between 10 cm and 20 cm.

In contrast, a fully prefabricated ceiling comprises at least one industrially prefabricated ceiling slab, the top and bottom are already made ready, which in contrast to the partially prefabricated ceiling tiles no additional in-situ concrete must be applied to the ceiling slab v / ground. With the help of such fully prefabricated ceiling tiles, the process for making the base of a building can be further shortened.

Both the voilvorgefertigten ceiling panels and the partially prefabricated ceiling panels are provided with a connection reinforcement, through which the respective ceiling panels can be connected to other components, in particular with other ceiling panels and with the provided foundation beams. The connecting rungs of the individual ceiling slabs and / or the foundation beams each protrude into a common connection area provided between the elements, which is then cast with in-situ concrete. After hardening of the in-situ concrete in the connection area, the connecting racks of the individual components are firmly anchored in this concrete, so that a connection between the components is made. In partially prefabricated ceilings, a considerable load is applied to the partially prefabricated ceiling by applying the in-situ concrete layer, whereby the prefabricated Stahlbetonpiatten the partially prefabricated ceiling in the area between the strip foundations for larger spans must be additionally supported to prevent unwanted deflection. However, the partially prefabricated ceiling elements have the advantage that they can be better connected to the finished parts of the strip foundations compared to ceiling elements of a fully prefabricated ceiling, since the Anschlussbewehrang the partially prefabricated ceiling can be easily made by reinforcement allowances in the connection area between the prefabricated reinforced concrete slab and the prefabricated foundation beams. A laterally projecting over the reinforced concrete slab Anschlußbewehrang must thus not already be introduced in the production of partially prefabricated ceiling slab, but can also be made only on the site by arranging suitable reinforcement elements in the transition region between the partially prefabricated ceiling slab and the foundation beams. As a result, the partially prefabricated ceiling panels can be transported easier, as these no connection bracket length protrudes laterally. Furthermore, the partially prefabricated ceiling panels are lighter and therefore easier to transport.

However, the invention can be realized both with partially prefabricated ceiling panels as well as with fully prefabricated ceiling panels. The additional support of the partially prefabricated ceiling elements when applying the concrete load through the in-situ concrete can be realized by suitable arranged under the partially prefabricated ceiling plate plastic moldings, which are placed on the bottom of the ceiling plate. These plastic moldings can be used simultaneously for fixing the sewer pipes. The additional supports can also completely omitted when the span between the strip foundations, which are covered by the ceiling plate, are low o- when the lattice girders, which are introduced into the partially prefabricated ceiling plate, are correspondingly strongly dimensioned.

Preferably, also the foundation beams have a connection reinforcement projecting upwardly from them and which projects into a connection area for connection to the prefabricated ceiling panels. Furthermore, the foundation beams have an end face protruding connection reinforcement, which serves to connect the foundation beams with each other. This end-side connection reinforcement preferably protrudes into a connection region between two adjoining foundation beams.

By means of the arrangement according to the invention and the method according to the invention, it is possible to produce a foundation of a building by means of an industrially prefabricated modular substructure. In this substructure no foundation trenches and no pipe trenches are needed anymore. By using prefabricated ceiling slabs, a cavity is created below the floor slab. This cavity can be hermetically sealed to the outside, so that the air layer present in this cavity serves as thermal insulation. The cavity is considered to be airtight in the context of the invention, if no air exchange with air outside the cavity takes place, which significantly affects the thermal insulation. The air-tight cavity can therefore also have openings, if it is ensured that no thermal insulation significantly impairing air exchange with the environment. Furthermore, this cavity can serve as an installation space below the bottom plate. Alternatively or in addition to the air layer in the cavity, a suitable insulating material can also be introduced. By laying installa- tion lines, in particular of Grandleitungen and Entwässerangslei- lines the cost of laying these lines is considerably reduced. These underground pipes and drainage pipes are conventionally laid in specially dug trenches, which are then filled with sand before a layer of cleanliness is applied and compacted. If the sand is not properly introduced into the pipe trenches, the underground pipes can be damaged during the subsequent compaction of the gravel layer. The cavity used as installation space considerably simplifies laying of the installation cables. The excavation of trenches is eliminated and the effort for introducing the underground lines is thereby considerably reduced, whereby the risk of damage to the underground lines is considerably reduced, since the underground lines are preferably arranged above the cleanliness layer.

In important supply and / or disposal lines, which form so-called main strands, a revision shaft or a revision option of the main line is often required by law. Due to the installation space formed below the reinforced concrete slabs between the foundation beams such a revision is possible without further effort. Additionally or alternatively, inspection openings can be provided in the bottom plate, through which a complete exchange of cable strands and the retrofitting of strands of wire at a later date is possible.

In the installation room also electrical installation lines and communication lines can be laid, which can already be laid during installation of the base plate in the installation room or can be retrofitted at a later date. Also for retrofitting and / or for Replacement of electrical installation and communication lines are inspection openings in the bottom plate advantageous. In particular, by the possible retrofitting of electrical installation, communication, drinking water, utility water, sewage and / or other supply and / or disposal lines a change in use of rooms above the base plate easily possible without the need for a large construction effort is required , This is particularly advantageous in commercial buildings, since the requirements for commercial buildings often change over the period of use. Due to the installation space, the horizontal development of the floor above the floor slab with all media is therefore possible simply and flexibly thanks to the flexible use of the installation space.

By prefabrication of the foundation beam and the reinforced concrete slab in a plant away from the construction site of the effort on the site is significantly reduced because formwork on the site for the production of formwork are no longer required or can be reduced to a minimum. Furthermore, the effort for laying large-area Behrhrungslagen on the site is no longer necessary. It is only necessary to bring reinforcement allowances on the construction site. These reinforcement supplements are in particular in the transition areas between two prefabricated components, in particular in the transition region between the foundation beam and ceiling tile to bring. Furthermore, in partially prefabricated ceiling panels, the upper reinforcement layer is preferably placed on the construction site.

The proposed substructure can be sealed watertight against the substrate by arranging a geomembrane below the foundation beams, whereby the intrusion of ground and upper surface water is prevented in the substructure and in the building. It is advantageous to prefabricate the geomembrane in the required size already in a factory away from the site. For this purpose, the geomembrane is made of geomembrane strips, wherein the geomembrane strips are welded together. As a result, no welding work for welding the waterproofing membrane strips on the site are required. The edges of the geomembrane preferably project laterally below the foundation beams over the base plate and can later be connected to the rising walls or to further geomembranes, in particular vertical geomembranes.

By prefabrication of the geomembranes and the reinforced concrete elements in the factory, the quality can be significantly improved in each case. For the concrete elements, the guaranteed concrete cover of their steel reinforcement can be guaranteed in the case of prefabrication in a factory. In a field cast floor plate spacers are laid on a not completely flat cleanliness layer, whereby inevitably varying concrete coverages of steel bars arranged on these spacers are produced. Thus, it is difficult to ensure that the prescribed minimum overlap of the steel reinforcements, usually 35 mm, is securely maintained at every point of the floor slab. Thus, the quality assurance is difficult for locally produced floor panels. In a factory prefabrication, a lower minimum concrete coverage of the steel reinforcement is also required. According to DIN 1045, a minimum concrete coverage of 30 or 35 mm is required for on-site production of the floor slab. For a factory prefabrication of the base plate or the elements of the base plate, the minimum concrete coverage can be reduced to 25 or 30 mm. Thereby, a further cost reduction can be achieved because the bottom plate can be made 5 mm thinner.

The sealing strip is preferably laid under the strip foundation and below the installation space. As a result, the number of penetrations of the waterproofing membrane through installation conduits and supply and disposal lines can be reduced to a minimum, since all installation conduits can be installed in the installation space and thus in the area sealed off by the waterproofing membrane. In particular, the bushings are provided in a vertical area on one side of the bottom plate, so that they are easily accessible for inspection work. Reducing the penetrations to the laying in the region of the bottom plate supply and / or disposal lines is advantageous because the airtight and / or watertight sealing of the building in the region of the bottom plate is thereby simplified.

When using a radon-tight sealing membrane, the radon load within the building can be avoided or significantly reduced. Also by the mentioned reduction of the penetrations of the waterproofing membrane to a minimum, the possible penetration areas for radon are reduced, whereby the Radonbelastung is excluded or reduced within the building.

By appropriate dimensioning of the foundation beams of the strip foundations special features of the ground, in particular a low load capacity of the ground can be considered in a simple manner. Furthermore, the foundation beams and / or ceiling tiles can already be factory provided with insulation. The insulation can protrude beyond the individual prefabricated components and serve as a formwork in connection areas and / or for completing the partially prefabricated ceiling panel. Due to the industrial modular prefabrication of prefabricated components used for the substructure, the construction process on the construction site can be significantly accelerated. The time required to erect the foundation on the construction site can be greatly reduced by the invention, whereby the manufacturing costs can be reduced and the quality of the substructure can be increased. In particular, the weather dependence in the manufacture of the substructure with the prefabricated components is lower than in an on-site substructure without prefabricated components.

A layer of cleanliness does not have to be made completely under the floor slab, but only in the area below the strip foundations. As an alternative to the cleanliness view, floor-level frost aprons can also be produced. For the production of these frost aprons, ditches are dug up into frost-proof areas of the building ground, which are filled with suitable in-situ concrete. Such frost aprons are required if there is no cellar and the bottom plate must be frost-free established.

Built-in parts, such as the aforementioned inspection openings, can be placed very precisely by prefabrication of the reinforced concrete elements and the reinforced concrete slabs in the factory, the Einbauerfordemisse these components can be ensured in the factory with less effort than on site, creating the quality of the bottom plate and the zu building structure can be ensured and further improved. Furthermore, the integration of the installed in the bottom plate built-in parts by the existing installation space under the bottom plate is easily possible. In particular, the subsequent introduction of installation lines from and to these components through the installation space is possible. Such mounting parts are z. B. also bottom drains or Rückstauverschlϊisse. The cost of built-in parts, which are intended for ceiling installation, are generally lower than for built-in parts, which are intended for installation in a floor panel. Since in the present case, the bottom plate is designed as a ceiling, thus suitable for installation in the ceiling recessed parts can be used. Due to their integration into the prefabricated components, the built-in components do not have to be additionally measured at the construction site. In particular, a so-called pump sump can be integrated as a built-in part in the ceiling panel or provided as a separate prefabricated component and integrated into the substructure.

The production of a pump sump on site is very expensive, since this is usually located about one meter lower than the bottom plate and on site a corresponding formwork must be made. Furthermore, the sealing of the sump is complicated and expensive. In contrast, a pump sump produced in a precast plant can be transported as a finished part to the construction site. The pump sump is then assembled and appropriately connected to the ceiling panel and concrete elements for making the strip foundation. For the introduction of prefabricated concrete elements usually a crane on the site is required, so that the prefabricated pump sump can be lifted by means of the crane in its installed position. The soil below the base plate only has to be dug deeper in the area of the sump, wherein the sealing strip then preferably extends below the pump sump. Thus, a pump sump can be offered in conjunction with the substructure of the building according to the invention with little additional cost, which is not possible with conventional floor panels for cost reasons.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures. However, the scope of the invention is not limited to this embodiment or the terms used to describe the Ausführangsbeispiels.

FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a substructure for a building according to a first embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the substructure of a building according to a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the substructure according to FIG. 1 with a frost apron; and

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the substructure according to FIG. 2 with a frost apron.

1 shows a sectional view of a section of a non-load-bearing bottom plate 30 and strip foundations according to a first embodiment of the invention, in which a solid wall can be placed in the edge region of the bottom plate 30. On the soil 19 a cleanliness layer is applied. In the present exemplary embodiment, the cleanliness layer comprises a filter layer 18, in particular a coarse gravel layer with a thickness of preferably> 15 cm. On this filter layer 18, a separation layer 16 is arranged. The separating layer 16 is produced, for example, from in-situ concrete or by laying a plastic web, preferably a dimpled sheet or PE film. For cost reasons, the separating layer 16 can be dispensed with in other embodiments. Also, the cleansing layer may additionally or alternatively comprise a layer of another suitable material.

On the separating layer 16, a protective layer 15 is arranged, which protects a on this sealing strip 14 against mechanical damage, in particular of existing on the cleanliness layer 16 impurities. A further protective layer 13 is arranged above the sealing strip 14, which protects the sealing strip 14 against mechanical damage which may occur in particular when arranging the foundation bar 1 and the other elements required for producing the bottom plate 30 on site. The cleanliness layer is required only below the foundation beams 1 and thus does not need to be performed continuously below the entire floor panel 30. The layer of cleanliness forms a capillary-breaking layer and a level substrate for the foundation beam 1.

The waterproofing membrane 14 protects the substructure of the building created by the floor panel 30 as well as the building against water ingress. Such a sealing sheet is preferably a plastic or bituminous sheet. The sealing sheet 14 is preferably prefabricated in the required size so that it can be placed below the entire substructure of the building. Preferably, the sealing strip 14 is assembled from several strip-shaped webs factory, preferably welded. It is advantageous, the protective layers 13, 15 already to arrange during the manufacture of the waterproofing membrane 14 on the bottom and top of the waterproofing membrane 14 and to transport together to the construction site. As a result, it can be ensured that no contaminants and objects can fall between the respective protective layer 13, 15 and the sealing strip 14. The sealing strip 14 can thereby be optimally protected.

The foundation beam 1 has a cage-shaped Stahlarmierang 2, which protrudes upward from the foundation beam in a connection region. A prefabricated ceiling element of a partial finished cover 4 is placed on the edge of the foundation beam 1. The Deckenelernent has a lower Stahlbewehrangslage 5, which is preferably formed by a steel mat. Furthermore, a steel lattice girder 6 is provided for reinforcement of the ceiling element. The steel lattice girder 6 rests on the lower steel reinforcement layer 5 and has been cast in a precast factory together with the lower steel reinforcement layer 5 with concrete to form a finished part.

The steel lattice girder 6 of the precast ceiling 4 protrudes upward from the partially finished ceiling 4. The reinforced concrete slab of the semi-finished slab 4 is placed with an edge region on the foundation beam 1 inside next to the connection reinforcement 2 of the foundation beam 1. Subsequently, an upper reigning supply layer 7 is arranged on the steel lattice girder 6, which projects into a connecting region 17 between the foundation beam and the ceiling slab. In the connection area 17 more Gewehrangsstäbe be introduced as allowance. In the foundation beam 1, a connection reinforcement formed as a stirrup 3 is provided in addition to the connection reinforcement formed by the cage 2. Such a stirrup is designated in Figure 1 by the reference numeral 3. The stirrup 3 facilitates the production of a paragraph 8 on the edge of the bottom plate 30 by means of a shuttering 9. The shuttering is fixed to the stirrup 3. In paragraph 8 below can be used as a solid wall basement outer wall. By paragraph 8 in the bottom plate 30 can be introduced from the outside laterally acting on the basement outer wall forces in the bottom plate 30. These forces can be brought about in particular by an external earth and / or water pressure. The paragraph 8 produced by the shutter 9 at the edge of the bottom plate 30 is preferably provided circumferentially around the bottom plate 30 and serves for the positive reception of the basement outer walls. The basement outer walls take up the Erdrücks of the ground heaped up to the cellar. The basement outer walls can be carried out as a solid wall. The basement outer walls can be placed exactly in the middle of the foundation beam I. The paragraph 8 is offset in the bottom plate 30 by half the wall thickness of the center of the foundation beam 1 inwards.

Below the partially prefabricated ceiling element, a molded part 21 is provided for fixing a sewage pipe 20, which has a U-shaped cross-section. In this molding 21, the sewage pipe 20 is held and fixed so that it has a desired slope. The sewage pipe 20 can be easily guided in this mold part 21 to the outside. The molded part 21 is arranged so that the partially prefabricated ceiling plate rests on the molded part 21, which thereby supports the partially prefabricated ceiling plate. An undesirably large deflection of the partially prefabricated ceiling slab during the subsequent application of an in-situ concrete layer 10 to this can be prevented. The foundation beam 1 is laterally each with a thermal insulation

I Ia, 11c and at the bottom with a thermal insulation I Ib provided. The arranged on the outside of the foundation beam 1 thermal insulation l lc projects beyond the prefabricated already in the concrete plant part of the foundation beam 1 upwards and forms an edge formwork when concreting the connection area between the foundation beam 1 and ceiling tile. On the partially prefabricated ceiling plate, the in-situ concrete layer 10 is applied after the introduction of the reinforcement 7, which covers both the introduced additional reinforcement 7 and the steel lattice girder 6.

At the bottom of the partially prefabricated ceiling slab, a thermal insulation element 23 is provided in the areas where the foundation beam 1 and the molding 21 are not arranged. Between the sealing sheet 14 and the additional heat insulation 23 under the ceiling plate, a cavity 22 is formed. Particularly in the case of expected pressing water, this cavity 22 can be filled with additional compacted thermal insulation and / or in-situ concrete.

The partially prefabricated ceiling 4 can be easily connected by the additional reinforcement to be introduced and / or by protruding connection reinforcement and the relatively thick in-situ concrete layer 10 with the connection reinforcement 2 of the foundation beam 1, whereby a monolithic disc-shaped plate from the foundation beam 1 and the ceiling element is formed. Preferably, the connection reinforcement of the ceiling element of the finished ceiling 4 engages in the upwardly projecting from the foundation beam 1 connecting reinforcement 2 a. The rebar basket 2 comprises at least four longitudinal bars 25 and stirrups 26, the longitudinal axes of the longitudinal bars 25 extending in the longitudinal direction of the foundation bar 1. A part of the reinforcement cage 2, in particular its longitudinal bars 25, protrude as a connecting reinforcement from each lateral end or from each end face of the foundation beam 1, so that this longitudinal bar 25 projects into a connection area to a further foundation beam. This further foundation beam also has a connection reinforcement which projects into this connection region, so that after casting the connection region with in-situ concrete, preferably with the addition of additional reinforcement elements in the connection region, a suitable connection of the two foundation beams to one another is achieved. In these connections between two foundation beams 1, the insulating elements I Ia, I Ib, I Ic protrude, which are used for shuttering the connection area to be cast with in-situ concrete.

Both the connection areas between several foundation beams as well as the connection areas of the foundation beams and the ceiling slabs can be cast in one operation with in-situ concrete. After introducing the in-situ concrete layer 10 on the prefabricated ceiling slab and filling the connecting areas with in-situ concrete and, if necessary, compacting the in-situ concrete, the work for producing the floor slab 30 is completed.

After curing of the in-situ concrete floor plate 30 is completed as a monolithic structure. Thus, a bottom plate has been prepared in a simple manner as a finished ceiling, which rests on the foundation beam 1, that is superimposed. In the cavity 22 produced below the ceiling plate in particular drainage pipes and alternatively or additionally other supply or disposal lines can be laid without additional pipe trenches must be excavated. For laying If these supply and / or disposal lines under the ceiling elements, a plastic molded part 21 is preferably used. The cavity 22 below the ceiling members has in practice about a height of 30 cm to ensure a slope for a sewer pipe 20 with a diameter of about 10 cm with a gradient of 1% over a length of 15 meters. In particular, in residential buildings a length of 15 meters is usually sufficient, on which the sewer line 20 is to be laid below the substructure of the building. In particular, in the molded part 21, holding straps and / or supports for the supply and / or disposal line 20 to be laid can be provided in order to enable a simple laying of the line 20.

To reduce the weight of the foundation beams 1, lightweight concrete is preferably used to produce them. The prefabricated foundation beams 1 are transported after manufacture in a concrete plant by means of a truck to the site. For this transport as well as for lifting the foundation beams 1 on the construction site foundation beam 1 with a low weight are very beneficial. In contrast to normal concrete, which has a weight of about 2500 kg per cubic meter, the weight of conductive concrete is about 1500 kg per cubic meter. The width, in particular the underside of the foundation beam 1 is determined depending on the load capacity of the building.

With a standard dimensioning of the foundation beam 1, a permissible soil pressure of> 200 kN per square meter is assumed. By filling the cavities 22 below the ceiling slabs with a suitable material, the risk of ground fracture can be counteracted. A grandbrach is a failure of the building under a building in such a way that the building land along a gliding fuge is displaced laterally. A Grandbrach occurs when the shear strength of the soil and thus the resilience of the foundation are exceeded. The buildings erected on the foundations are often inclined or sink into the ground at a Grandbrach. This creates dynamic loads and changes static loads on the building, which can then endanger it.

It is advantageous if the material for decomposing the cavity 22 has heat-insulating properties. The cavity 22 may be filled, for example, with a Tonschüttung or other suitable thermal insulation, which is compressed if necessary. Alternatively or additionally, the cavity 22 may also be filled with gravel or concrete. In addition, a shear-resistant connection between the foundation beam 1 and the filling material of the cavity 22 can be produced. The filling of the cavity 22 is also required for pressurized water, so that the sealing strip 14 is not pressed into the cavity 22 and damage is avoided.

In normal subsoil conditions preferably no backfilling of the cavity 22 is provided. The cavity 22 is then filled with air, through which the bottom plate 30 is thermally insulated. The air in the cavity is a guiding layer of air that is out of communication with the air surrounding the floor panel 30 and / or the building. However, small openings may also be provided between the cavity 22 and the vicinity of the bottom plate 30, but by which no air flow through the cavity 22 is permitted. A flowing air layer with a thickness of approx. 300 mm has a heat transfer resistance of 0.23 K * m² / W. This allows a good thermal insulation of the underside of the floor slab 30. The thermal insulation of the foundation beams 1 is achieved by an additional thermal barrier coating I Ia, I Ib, 11c, which is preferably connected from suitable insulation boards already in the manufacture of the foundation beam 1 in the precast plant with the foundation beam 1. As already mentioned, the thermal insulation 11c projects upward beyond the foundation beam 1 and serves as shuttering in the connection area between foundation beam 1 and ceiling slab as well as between a plurality of adjacent foundation beams, wherein the insulation elements 11a, 11b, 11c also extend beyond the end of the end face of the fun - danientbalkens 1 protrude into the connecting area to a neighboring foundation beam. The heat insulation elements I Ia and 23 may be provided in other embodiments, only optional on customer request to achieve a higher thermal insulation from the ground.

The sealing strip 14 is dimensioned so that it protrudes laterally below the base plate 30 delimiting the foundation beam 1, so that the protruding region of the sealing strip 14 can be connected watertight with other, preferably vertical, waterproofing membranes. The sealing sheet is preferably welded together from strip-shaped sheet material to the required area, preferably in a factory remote from the construction site. As a result, construction site-independent conditions can be created and maintained, which ensure a high quality of the connections between the individual strip-shaped webs. The entire sealing strip 14 is then provided on one or both sides with a protective layer 13, 15, which preferably comprises a suitable nonwoven. The waterproofing sheet 14 is then transported to the construction site and lifted by crane or other suitable hoist onto the area to be sealed, on which the floor panel 30 is to be produced, and there on the subsoil, ie on the ground or on the cleanliness layer 16, laid and aligned.

The weather dependence in the welding of individual strip-shaped sealing webs on the construction site to form a coherent sealing strip 14 can be dispensed with by this procedure. Weather-related delays in the construction process during the welding of the sealing strips can be avoided. The central production of the waterproofing membrane 14 also makes it possible to use specialized specialist personnel and a connection technology with a high level of automation and precision, which is not economically possible on the construction site. In other Ausführangsformen can be dispensed with the cleanliness layer 16, if the sealing film and / or the protective layer have a suitable strength and / or structure.

In conventional non-load-bearing floor slabs with strip trimmings where foundation trenches are inserted into the ground, the waterproofing sheet must pass through the trenches. As a result, the waterproofing membrane is mechanically stressed, with cavities in the foundation trenches between the waterproofing membrane and the soil can not be reliably avoided. In difficult weather, especially in the rain, water can collect in the provided with the waterproofing membrane foundation trenches, which must be removed consuming again before concreting the Streifenfundarnente. Furthermore, the foundation trenches may fill up with water prior to the introduction of the waterproofing membrane, which considerably complicates the laying of the waterproofing membrane. In the structure of the substructure of the building according to the invention therefore a planum is provided on which the sealing bafan 14 can be laid clean in a horizontal plane. The sealing strip 14 is then protected with a protective layer 13, in particular with a nonwoven, or already has such a protective layer 13. Subsequently, the foundation mortars 1 are arranged on the protective layer 13, wherein between the foundation mortar and the protective layer 13, if necessary, an additional leveling layer 12 can be provided.

FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a detail of a base plate 32, similar to the detail of the base plate 30 shown in FIG. In contrast to the bottom plate 30 according to FIG. 1, in the bottom plate 32 according to FIG. 2 a connection reinforcement 2 with reinforcing bars

2a provided, which have from the finished bottom plate 32 upwardly projecting portions. The Verehnmgsstäbe 2a are arranged so that they protrude into the interior of a clam shell wall (not shown), which is subsequently placed on the bottom plate 32 for producing the basement outer walls.

After placing the hollow wall on the bottom plate 32, the reinforcing rods 2a are arranged in the cavity of the outer wall. Subsequently, the cavity between the outer shells of the cavity wall is filled with in-situ concrete, so that after hardening of the in-cavity filled in-situ concrete a firm connection between the basement outer walls and the bottom plate 30 is made. The forces acting on the so produced basement outer wall by the earth pressure forces are introduced at the bottom plate 32 of Figure 2 on the reinforcing rods 2a in the foundation plate 32. By the shown in Figures 1 and 2 and in these- In this context, explained possibilities for building a substructure for a building can be achieved significant cost savings and construction site workflow can be significantly optimized. In particular, the Witterangsabhängigkeit the construction process is reduced. For one- and two-family houses can be made in this way a substructure within a single working day. Floor slabs for larger structures typically require no more than two working days. As a result, at least 50% of the time required for erecting the base plate can be saved compared with the usual methods of producing floor panels. When protecting conventional floor tiles against water ingress, it often takes more than a week to make the entire substructure, including the waterproofing membrane, on site, as the waterproofing membranes must also be welded in place by qualified personnel. A simple procedure for producing a base plate 30, 32 according to the invention can be described after the generation of a corresponding plane by the following steps:

1st step: coarse measurement of the bottom plate 30, 32 to be produced;

2nd step: introducing a cleanliness layer 16 in the region below the bottom plate 30, 32;

3rd step: Laying a sealing film 14 with unterseitigem

Protective fleece 15 only in a watertight and / or radon-tight design of the bottom plate;

4th step: Laying a protective fleece 13 on the sealing film 14th

(only if a sealing foil is provided); 5th step: fine adjustment of the bottom plate 3O ₅ 32;

Step 6: Laying the foundation beams 1;

7th step: laying the mold parts 21 and the sewage pipes (only if the waste water is to be discharged through the bottom plate 30, 32 before);

Step 8: Laying and reinforcing the partial finished ceiling elements;

8a. Step: arranging / installing built-in parts in / on / next to the partial finished ceiling elements and, if necessary, connecting the built-in parts with supply and / or disposal lines, if built-in parts are provided;

9th step: introducing additional rebar elements at the junctions between the prefabricated pavement elements with each other and with the foundation baskets when statically required;

10th step: Introducing in-situ concrete in the connection areas and on the partial finished ceiling elements for producing complete ceiling elements.

In Figure 3 is a sectional view of the bottom plate 30 shown in FIG 1, wherein below the foundation beam 1, a ground-level frost apron 34 is provided. To produce this ground-level frost apron a corresponding dimensions of the protruding frost apron trench has been introduced into the soil 19, which has been filled with in-situ concrete. On a cleanliness layer or on the Gravel filter layer 18 can then be completely dispensed with. Such a frost apron is required when a frost-free foundation of the building must be performed, especially if no basement provided and the bottom plate 30 is to be erected above the ground.

In Figure 4 is a sectional view of the bottom plate 32 shown in Figure 2, below the foundation beam 1, a frost apron 34 has been described in the same manner as described in connection with Figure 3, introduced into the ground 19 floor level.

Alternatively or in addition to the described rebar reinforcing bars, reinforcing mats and rebar baskets connecting elements, such as anchor rails and steel sheets can be provided. Such anchor channels are also known under the trade name Halfenschiene.

Further customary embodiments of the seal, the bottom plate 30, 32 and the substructure under the bottom plate are possible.

Claims

claims

1. arrangement for the substructure of a structure,

with at least one strip foundation, which comprises a prefabricated reinforced concrete element (l), and

with at least one prefabricated reinforced concrete slab (4) resting on the strip foundation.

2. Arrangement according to spoke 1, characterized in that the Statilebetone member (1) forms at least part of a foundation beam of the strip foundation.

3. Arrangement according to spoke 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforced concrete element (1) and / or the reinforced concrete slab (4) have a connection element (2, 3, 7), through which the reinforced concrete element (1) and the reinforced concrete slab (4) can be connected to each other and / or with other components.

4. Arrangement according to spoke 3, characterized in that the connecting element comprises at least one rebar, at least one reirer mat, at least one connecting rail, connectable with a connecting rail connecting element and / or at least one connecting plate, wherein the connecting rail is preferably an anchor rail.

5. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforced concrete element (1) and the steel Clay plate (4) each have at least one protruding into a common connection area connection reinforcement, being introduced into the connection area in situ concrete.

6. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforced concrete element (1) and / or the reinforced concrete slab (4) are made of lightweight steel concrete having lightweight aggregates.

7. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strip foundation of at least two reinforced concrete elements (1) is formed, each having a in a common connection region between the two reinforced concrete elements (1) projecting connection reinforcement (2), wherein in the connection region in-situ concrete is introduced, and that the strip foundation preferably delimits the substructure (30, 32) of the building laterally circumferentially.

8. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the underside of the reinforced concrete slab (4), on the inside of the reinforced concrete element (1) and / or on the outside of the reinforced concrete element (1) a sound and / or thermal insulation (I Ia, 1 Ib, 1 Ic, 23) is provided, which preferably comprises at least one insulating panel.

9. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforced concrete slab (4) rests on at least two opposite edges on opposite areas of the strip foundation, wherein the opposing regions surface of the strip foundation are preferably formed in each case by at least one reinforced concrete element (1).

10. Arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that the reinforced concrete slab (4) spans at least one cavity (22) between the opposite regions of the strip foundation, wherein in this cavity (22) at least one supply and / or disposal line (20) is arranged ,

11. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the reinforced concrete slab (4) at least one built-in part is integrated and / or connected thereto, wherein the built-in part preferably at least one floor drain, a backflow lock, a pump sump and / or a Casing, preferably with sealing collar or source material includes.

12. The arrangement according to claim 10 and 11, characterized in that the built-in part in the cavity (22) protrudes and / or with at least one in the cavity (22) arranged supply and / or disposal line (20) is in communication and / or with this is connectable.

13. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the reinforced concrete slab (4) at least one inspection opening is provided through which in particular access to a below the reinforced concrete slab (4) existing cavity (22) is possible.

14. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforced concrete slab (4) is formed by a fully prefabricated ceiling slab or by a partially prefabricated slab, wherein at the partially prefabricated slab preferably at least one supporting element (21) in the region between two opposite areas of the strip foundation is provided, on which the partially prefabricated ceiling plate (4) rests in addition to the two opposite areas of the strip foundation.

15. Arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that the partially prefabricated ceiling panel (4) is formed by a filigree element, wherein from the ceiling panel at least one Bβwehrungs- element protrudes, preferably with at least one above the partially prefabricated ceiling panel arranged further rebar element with in-situ concrete (10 ) is covered.

16. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strip foundation formed by the at least one reinforced concrete element (1) and the at least one reinforced concrete slab (4) form a bottom plate (30, 32) of the building.

17. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that below the strip foundation and the reinforced concrete slab (4) a sealing web (14) is arranged, which seals the substructure completely downwards and preferably below the strip foundation and the reinforced concrete slab (4) laterally protrudes outwards, wherein preferably in the geomembrane (14) at least one passage opening is present, passed through the one supply and / or disposal line (20) and through which the supply and / or disposal line (20) is sealed to the geomembrane (14).

18. Arrangement according to claim 17, characterized in that the sealing web (14) is a radon-tight sealing sheet.

19. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement has a cavity (22) between the bottom, the strip foundation and the reinforced concrete slab (4) or between the geomembrane (14), the strip foundation and the reinforced concrete slab (4).

20. Arrangement according to spoke 19, characterized in that the cavity (22) is hermetically sealed, wherein in the cavity (22) trapped air is preferably used as thermal insulation between the substrate (19) and the reinforced concrete slab (4).

21. Arrangement according to claim 19, characterized in that the cavity (22) is filled with a filler, preferably with an insulating material and / or with in-situ concrete.

22. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforced concrete slab (4) similar to a ceiling slab is arranged substantially parallel to the bottom of the building and / or substantially in a horizontal plane.

23. Method for producing an arrangement for the substructure of a structure,

in which a strip foundation is produced using a prefabricated reinforced concrete element (1),

and wherein at least one prefabricated reinforced concrete slab (4) is placed at least partially on the strip foundation.

24. The method according to spoke 23, characterized in that a cleanliness layer (16) is produced, on which the prefabricated reinforced concrete element (1) is arranged, wherein the cleanliness view (16) by a plastic sheet, preferably a dimpled sheet, a layer of in-situ concrete and / or a capillary-breaking layer is formed.

25. The method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the reinforced concrete slab (4) at least two opposite

Edges is placed on the strip foundation.