EP2048974B1 - Use of isomaltulose in food products having a regenerative effect - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to new uses of isomaltulose and mixtures containing them.

According to current dietary recommendations, at least 50% of the daily energy intake should be provided in the form of carbohydrates. In particular, low-glycemic carbohydrates are recommended, as this high blood glucose and insulin reactions can be avoided. With carbohydrates and especially glucose, muscles, brain and nerves can work equally well. Erythrocytes of the blood, the renal medulla and the nervous system are obligatory on glucose as an energy source. A carbohydrate deficiency in the metabolism due to low carbohydrate intake leads to hypoglycemia, reduced glucose tolerance, ketosis and disturbances in the area of water and mineral balance. Maintaining the blood glucose level is especially important for the continuous supply of the brain and nerve cells as well as the blood cells with glucose as an energy source. A disadvantage is the relatively limited storage capacity of carbohydrates in the organism. The storage form of carbohydrates is the glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Even with prolonged physical or athletic operations it comes to the emptying of glycogen stores. The greater the load intensity, the greater the carbohydrate content in the energy supply and the more the glycogen stores are emptied. This leads to disruption of the blood glucose homeostasis, which also impairs the ability to concentrate and coordinate and leads to exhaustion. It is therefore considered a priority nutritional goal carbohydrate-rich diet for optimal glycogen storage and to have available as much carbohydrate as possible by consuming sufficient carbohydrates even during physical activity as well as in longer-lasting activities and athletic missions as an energy source.

In this regard, high fat oxidation is beneficial for providing energy during physical activities as it reduces the glycogen reserves, e.g. also for later stress phases or the final spurt, spares. It is well known that exercise can increase fat oxidation at a certain level of exercise. The better an individual is trained, the higher is the fat oxidation. The goal of physical training is therefore, inter alia, the optimization and adjustment of fat burning. A training success is therefore also in the form of increased fat oxidation.

High fat burning is also beneficial for weight control and prevention and treatment of obesity and concomitant diseases such as diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism disorders, arteriosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, liver disease and other metabolic diseases. It is known that a low fat burning leads to a positive fat balance and a metabolic energy surplus and causes the emergence of obesity or counteracts the weight control and weight loss. Strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity and secondary diseases therefore strive to increase fat burning and fat oxidation and achieve a negative fat and energy balance. On the other hand, however, it is known that consumption of carbohydrates reduces fat oxidation, promotes carbohydrate oxidation and results in a higher respiratory quotient. The respiratory quotient (RQ) reflects the ratio of CO ₂ / O ₂ in the respiratory air and is a measure of which nutrients are burned. Pure carbohydrate combustion leads to a respiratory quotient of 1, whereas pure fat burning leads to a respiratory quotient of 0.7. This adverse effect, ie the restriction of fat oxidation, persists for many hours after consumption of the carbohydrates. It is also known that fat oxidation is still persistently reduced even when exercising or exercising (Achten & Jeukendrup, 2003). Thus, when carbohydrates were consumed before exercise, total fat oxidation was reduced by about 30% over an 8 hour period (Schneiter et al., 1995). Furthermore, it is known that carbohydrate consumption during physical exercise causes FFA to decrease faster than carbohydrates are consumed. The fat oxidation is thus affected by carbohydrates, as it is faster to switch from fat oxidation to fat storage. This reduction in lipolysis and fat oxidation after carbohydrate consumption, which also persists beyond the end of exercise, contributes to energy surplus and promotion of fat deposition.

In comparison of carbohydrate sources with different effects on blood glucose and insulin levels, low glycemic carbohydrates are often considered to be beneficial. These would lead to a lower reduction in fat oxidation than higher glycemic carbohydrates. On the other hand, however, it is known that both after eating foods with high GI (glycemic Index) as well as low GI foods to reduce fat oxidation and that fat oxidation is lower than if no carbohydrates are consumed at all (Brand-Miller et al., 2002). It is also known that fructose, a low GI carbohydrate with low insulin action, causes even greater reduction in fat oxidation than glucose (Tittelbach et al., 2000). Consumption of carbohydrates thus generally results in less fat oxidation.

Finally, it is known that changes in the respiratory quotient of an individual during exercise are compensated for after the end of the exercise. For example, with a higher respiratory quotient during high-intensity exercise, a lower respiratory quotient was found in the post-exercise period, while the respiratory quotient was lower during low-intensity exercise and higher after exercise (Saris et al., 2004). Dionne et al. (1999) found that consumption of a carbohydrate-containing drink immediately after exercise did not reduce the RQ due to a compensatory effect. In particular, it is known that the consumption of high-glycemic and low-glycemic carbohydrates immediately after exercise leads to a higher carbohydrate oxidation and thus a larger RQ compared to the oxidation before the onset of stress (Tittelbach et al., 2000). It is also known from Burke et al. (1998) that the glycemic quality of a first meal, shown comparing a meal with a high glycemic index with a meal with a low glycemic index, after consuming other carbohydrates at a later time, means after taking a second meal (so-called "second meal"), no meaning for the afterwards obtained respiratory quotient, since in both cases an identical respiratory quotient was obtained.

In many cases, however, it is desirable that foods taken up after a physical exercise do not lead to an increased RQ, especially in comparison to the RQ before the onset of exercise, but rather that even after the end of the exercise there is a particularly low respiratory quotient, even if Carbohydrate-containing foods are consumed after the end of exercise. In particular, it is desirable for such a reduced, low respiratory quotient to be reduced not only immediately after eating a meal, but moreover after the exercise and after consuming another, that is, a second meal. With regard to a desired improved regeneration of the body tissue, in particular also with regard to its composition, which should be low in fat and rich in glycogen, and the intended training effect, it is desirable to have a low respiratory quotient even after completion of a physical stress and especially when eating Provide food after physical exercise has ended.

Although it is known for certain carbohydrates, eg trehalose or isomaltulose, that their consumption during exercise may increase fat oxidation ( WO 2005/013720 ), but it was previously thought that such, caused by carbohydrates increase in fat oxidation, also due to the compensation effect described above, not at consumption of carbohydrates after completion a physical strain, but rather an increase in the RQ is expected.

The present invention is therefore based on the technical problem, even individuals who are immediately after a physical stress to show nutritional options that ensure the desired training effect and the desired regeneration, in particular their body composition. It is desirable, in spite of the intake of carbohydrates in the afterload phase, in particular to optimize fat burning, to reduce the fat content in the body composition and to build up long-term carbohydrate stores, in particular glycogen reserves. In particular, the present invention is also based on the technical problem of demonstrating a teaching with which an advantageously reduced, lower respiratory quotient extends not only after a first food intake after the end of exercise, but also beyond a subsequent second meal, that is in reduced form is retained.

The present invention solves this technical problem by providing the teaching according to the independent claims, in particular isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose, in particular mixtures of isomaltulose with other carbohydrates, for the production of functional foods for improving the regeneration of individuals exposed to physical stress. In a particularly advantageous manner, these functional foods are for consumption, preferably immediately After, for example, 0 to 24, 0 to 12, 0 to 4 or 0 to 2 hours after, completion of the physical load is determined and appropriate. By the term "immediately after, for example, 0 hours" It is understood that the foods are taken not at the same time as physical exercise, but after exercise, especially shortly thereafter, for example, one to a few minutes to, for example, 24 hours after the end of exercise.

In the context of the present invention, the term "regeneration" is understood in particular to mean a regeneration of the body tissue, in particular the composition of the body tissue, which can last for several hours to days. A regeneration within the meaning of the present invention is a construction which continues beyond the end of the load or after the load and a material fixation of long-term usable carbohydrates, ie polysaccharides, in particular glycogen, and the preservation of a lipid metabolism based on fat, that is to say using fat. in particular a reduction of fat content in the tissue. Regeneration in the context of the present invention is a modification and construction of the fat and carbohydrate composition of the body, which simultaneously results in a reduction of the fat content in a build-up of long-term usable carbohydrates, in particular glycogen.

In the context of the present invention, an improved regeneration is understood in particular to mean a modification with a change in body composition which leads to a reduced fat and an increased glycogen content in the body. Improved regeneration in the context of the present invention is therefore a metabolic process leading to a higher glycogen and a lower fat content in the body composition.

A regeneration within the meaning of the present invention is to be distinguished strictly from a replenishment of short-term available energy reserves (so-called "recovery"), for example glucose monosaccharides and ATP.

Surprisingly, it has been found that consumption of isomaltulose and isomaltulose-containing mixtures after exercise results in a particularly low respiratory quotient, which is substantially equal to or even less than immediately prior to exercise, which is not appropriate in view of the prior art discussed above was expected. In contrast, consumption of other carbohydrates after exercise, e.g. of maltodextrin, to a respiratory quotient after exercise, which was even 13% higher than before exercise. Even when carbohydrate-free foods were consumed, ie in a placebo, the respiratory quotient after exercise was about 6% higher than before.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, it has been found that the consumption of isomaltulose and isomaltulose-containing mixtures after physical exertion leads to a particularly low respiratory quotient as stated above, which, surprisingly, also extends well beyond the end of the exercise, even beyond a second meal. extends in this reduced form. The present invention therefore provides a so-called "second meal" effect for isomaltulose. In the context of the present invention, a "second meal" effect is understood to mean that the respiratory quotient after isomaltulose consumption and stress is much lower than in a high-glycemic food and that this low respiratory quotient was still in contrast to the high-glycemic foods after eating a second meal received, that is, in this low form was preserved.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose to produce functional foods to provide a second meal effect, particularly in a preferred embodiment of a second meal effect, indicated by one after a load and after a subsequent second food intake present respiratory quotient, which is compared to a immediately before a first food intake and a physical stress present respiratory quotient of the same individual is substantially smaller or at least the same size.

By a "second meal" effect is meant according to the invention that a RQ set after a first meal remains substantially unchanged even after taking a second meal, a second meal being a meal taken after the first meal.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the second meal, as well as the first meal, is a meal comprising functional foods of the present invention, that is, isomaltulose or isomaltulose-containing mixtures. In a further, likewise preferred embodiment, it is provided that the second meal is an isomaltulose-free or Isoma-Itulosegemisch-free meal.

In a particularly preferred embodiment there is provided a use wherein the foodstuffs are suitable and intended to be consumed in the form of a first meal of two staggered meals after completion of the exercise and wherein the improved regeneration by one after exercise and after consumption Present respiratory quotient, which is substantially equal to or less than a respiratory quotient of the same individual immediately prior to exercise, and wherein the food at least the first meal, preferably both meals for consumption after completion of the exercise determined and are suitable. In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the second meal does not contain any isomaltulose or isomaltulose-containing mixtures, ie isomaltulose-free. Of course, however, it may also be provided that the second meal as well as the first meal contains isomaltulose or isomaltulose-containing mixtures and thus is a functional food of the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the foodstuffs are suitable and intended to be consumed in the form of at least one, preferably two staggered or spaced meals, upon completion of the exercise.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of isomaltulose or mixtures thereof for the production of functional foods to provide a second meal effect indicated by a respiratory after-meal intake Quotienten, which is compared to an immediately before a first food intake present respiratory quotient of the same individual is substantially smaller or at least the same size.

In a preferred embodiment, the second food intake is provided after the single or, if two loads are provided, after the second, for example, 30 minute, physical exercise.

The present invention, in a particularly preferred embodiment, relates to the use of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose for the production of functional foods for improving the regeneration of individuals exposed to exercise, this enhanced regeneration being indicated by a respiratory quotient after stress and subsequent food intake, which is equal in size to a respiratory quotient of the same individual which is present immediately before physical exertion, preferably substantially. Preferably, these foods are suitable and intended for consumption upon completion of the exercise.

In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the aforementioned use of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose for the production of functional foods, wherein the improved regeneration is indicated by a respiratory quotient present after loading and subsequent food intake compared to one immediately prior to exercise present respiratory Quotient of the same individual, preferably substantially, is smaller than this. Preferably, these foods are suitable and intended for consumption upon completion of the exercise.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose for the production of functional foods for improving the regeneration of individuals exposed to exercise, wherein the improved regeneration is indicated by a respiratory quotient obtained when using isomaltulose or Mixtures of isomaltulose compared to the use of other carbohydrates in otherwise same foods, especially compared to high-glycemic carbohydrates, eg Glucose, maltodextrin, glucose syrup or sucrose in which the same individual is less.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose for the production of functional foods for improving the regeneration of individuals exposed to exercise, wherein the improved regeneration is indicated by a respiratory quotient that is obtained when using isomaltulose or Mixtures of isomaltulose in which functional food is less in the same individual than carbohydrates are not used in the otherwise same functional food.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a use according to which the isomaltulose or mixtures containing it also reduces the increase in RQ produced by the presence of other carbohydrates in the functionalized diet without the presence of the isomaltulose or the mixture in an otherwise similar food Food is caused. Isomaltulose acts in this use according to the invention as a modulator or influencing factor on the regeneration of the body composition caused by other carbohydrates, in particular the RQ of physically stressed individuals.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the present uses wherein the respiratory quotient corresponding to the improved regeneration is 0 to 24, preferably 0 to 12, in particular 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2 hours after completion of the exercise and consumption of isomaltulose. containing foods, wherein "0 hours" in particular at least one or at least several minutes to understand. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the respiratory quotient corresponding to the invention obtained according to the improved regeneration is not only short-term, but rather short-term and long-term, preferably long-term, for example for a period of 3 to 24, 4 to 24, 5 to 24 or 6 to 24 Hours after completing physical exertion and then immediately afterwards, ie shortly after food intake.

The term "0 hours after exercise" means that the respiratory quotient immediately after completion of the physical stress, that is, not simultaneously, but directly afterwards, for example, one or a few minutes thereafter until, for example, 24 hours after the end of exercise.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the present uses, wherein the immediately before the physical stress present respiratory quotient of 60 to 0, preferably 60 to 1 minute, especially 30 to 0 minutes, preferably 30 to 1 minute before the onset of exercise is present.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the present use, wherein the exercise load corresponds to an energy consumption of 0.02 to 0.5 kcal / kg body weight / minute.

The present invention preferably relates to the aforementioned uses, wherein the individual is a human or an animal, in particular a mammal, preferably a human.

The present invention in a further preferred embodiment relates to a food which is in the form of a liquid food, e.g. a nutritional solution or beverage, solid food or semi-solid food.

In another preferred embodiment, the foodstuff is a soft drink, a fruit juice drink, an enteral feeding solution, a hypotonic drink, an isotonic drink, a hypertonic drink, an energy drink, a tea beverage, a coffee drink, a sports drink, a cocoa drink, an energy drink, a milk drink or a drink powder.

In a further preferred embodiment, the foodstuff is an energy bar, a cereal product, a milk product, a dairy product, a beverage or a baked good.

In a further preferred embodiment, the concentration of isomaltulose in the foodstuff is from 1% to 99.9%, preferably from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 , 60, 70, 80 or 90 to 99 wt .-%, in particular from 20 to 90, 30 to 80 or 40 to 70 wt .-% (each based on dry matter).

The isomaltulose can also be present in the form of a mixture in one embodiment. In the context of the present invention, the term "mixtures of isomaltulose" is understood in a particularly preferred embodiment to mean that the isomaltulose can be present in suitable mixtures with suitable further substances, for example starch, starch derivatives, dextrins, for example nutriose, inulin, fructooligosaccharides, leucrose or trehalose. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the isomaltulose is present in such a mixture in an amount of 30 to 70, preferably 40 to 60 wt .-% and the at least one mixture component in an amount ratio of 70 to 30, preferably 60 to 40 wt .-% (each Dry matter based on the mixture). In a preferred embodiment, such mixtures may contain, for example, 1 to 20% by weight of isomaltulose and 80 to 99% by weight of other substances, for example other carbohydrates or intensive sweeteners. However, such mixtures may also contain 70 to 99% by weight of isomaltulose and 1 to 30% by weight of other substances, for example carbohydrates or intensive sweeteners. Of course, the invention also covers other mixture ratios of isomaltulose and other substances, for example carbohydrates or intensive sweeteners, eg from 20 to 70% by weight of isomaltulose and from 30 to 80% by weight of other substances.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a present mixture containing isomaltulose, said mixture being free of sucrose, free of glucose, free of lactose, free of fructose, free of sorbitol, free of xylitol, free of mannitol or is free from one or more or all of the said sugars or sugar alcohols.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the isomaltulose is the only body-forming sweetening agent found in the functional food. In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to an aforementioned functional food, wherein isomaltulose is the only one occurring in the functional food sugar.

In the context of the present invention, the term sweetening agent is understood to mean substances which have sweetening power and are added, for example, to foods or drinks in order to produce a sweetish taste. In the context of the present invention, the sweetening agents are subdivided into sugars, such as isomaltulose, sucrose, glucose or fructose, which give body and sweetening power, as well as sweeteners, ie substances which are not sugars but nevertheless have sweetening power, and these in turn are subdivided are in sugar substitutes, ie sweetening agents that have a body and a physiological calorific value in addition to a sweetening power, and intensive sweeteners, ie substances that usually have a very high sweetening power, but have no body and usually no or only a slight physiological calorific value.

In a further preferred embodiment, the aforementioned functional food is suitable for the special diet of athletes, overweight, obese, diabetics or elders.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides the use - not claimed - of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose for the production of functional foods for improving the effect of exercise on individuals.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use, not claimed, of isoma-isulose or mixtures of isomaltulose for the production of functional foods to provide a physical training effect on individuals.

In addition to the aforementioned aspects of use, the invention also relates, of course, to the corresponding method teachings, namely non-claimed methods for improving the regeneration of individuals exposed to physical stress, wherein isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose are supplied to these individuals in the form of functional foods, in particular after completion of the physical stress, preferably immediately with completion. Further advantageous method aspects emerge from the aforementioned use aspects.

Further advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following examples and the associated figures.

The FIG. 1 shows the percentage change in respiratory quotient (RQ) after consumption of non-carbohydrate drinks, isomaltulose and maltodextrin.

The FIG. 2 shows the course of the RQ over a test period with two meals.

literature

1. 1. Dionne et al., Am J Clin Nutr (1999) 69, 927-30 ,
2. Second Saris et al., Int J Obes Relat Metab Disoerd (2004) 28 (6), 759-65 ,
3. Third Tittelbach et al., Obes Res (2000) 8, 496-505 ,
4. 4th Eighth & Jeukendrup, J Sports Sci (2003) 21, 1017-1024
5. 5th Schneiter et al., Am J Physiol (1995) 269, E1031-6
6. 6th Brand Miller et al., Am J Clin Nutr (2002) 76, 281-5
7. 7th Burke et al., J. Appl. Physiol. (1998) 85, 2220-2226

example 1

The effect of isomaltulose (Palatinose ™) on metabolic regulation before, during and after physical exercise was studied and compared with the consumption of maltodextrin or a non-glycemic placebo with equivalent sweetness. Isomaltulose formulation Pos. raw material Amount % 1 isomaltulose 93.98 2 Citric acid (anhydrous) 2.50 3 Dye 311744 Eurocert Quinoline Yellow 0,004 4 Citron flavor 210336 Fa. Symrise 1.00 5 sucralose 0.03 total 100.00 Pos. raw material Amount % 1 Maltodextrin, 2022225 from Agrana 93.96 2 Citric acid (anhydrous) 2.50 3 Dye 311744 Eurocert Quinoline Yellow 0,004 4 Citron flavor 210336 Fa. Symrise 1.00 5 sucralose 0.05 total 100.00 Pos. raw material Amount % 1 Inulin RAFTILINE ST-Gel (Instant) 64.46 2 Citric acid (anhydrous) 25,00 3 Dye 311744 Eurocert Quinoline Yellow 0.04 4 Citron flavor 210336 Fa. Symrise 10.00 5 sucralose 0.50 total

The study was conducted as a 3-arm cross-over study on 21 subjects. Each subject tested the effect of a non-glycemic beverage (placebo = sweetened mineral water) versus a drink containing maltodextrin versus isomaltulose.

The subjects were male endurance athletes with several years of training experience (VO2max> 55 ml / kg bw) between the ages of 23 and 50 years.

In a step ergometer on the wheel (100 watts onset, increase of 50 watts / 3 min.) First, the power in the range of 70-75% of the maximum oxygen uptake was determined. After a sufficient regeneration phase of at least 5 days, the first test was performed in randomized order. The testing took place in the morning, at the same time, 3-4 hours after a standardized breakfast.

Initially, a standardized endurance exercise on the bicycle ergometer took place at 70-75% of the VO2max over 90 min. An anaerobic Wingate test was immediately connected to the 90-minute submaximal load. 250 ml of the respective drink with 25 g of isomaltulose or maltodextrin or without KH were 30 minutes before the load, immediately to beginning of stress, after 45 min. the endurance load and immediately after completion of the Wingate test (here now as 2x 250 ml) fed. A respiratory quotient (RQ) was determined at times -30, -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 min before or during exercise, immediately after the discontinuation of the Wingate test and 3, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the end of the load. Other parameters tested were glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, insulin.

Statistical evaluation was done with SPSS version 13.1. The data were tested for significant differences (depending on the beverage supplied) using the Wilcoxon paired data test. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Multiple testing was considered through a Holm correction.

Throughout the test phase, lower RQ is shown after isomaltulose delivery. The RQ was surprisingly substantially the same after exercise on the isomaltulose beverage as it was just prior to exercise. On the other hand, the respiratory quotient after exercise was 13% higher for the maltodextrin drink and 6% higher for the placebo than immediately before the exercise. This is also shown in the figure, which shows the percentage changes in RQ values compared to before physical exercise.

Example 2: Formulation for an orange drink

Isomaltulose Instant Drink Orange with L-Carnitine Pos. ingredients proportion of 1 isomaltulose 92.60% 2 Citric acid (anhydrous) 4.96% 3 Tri-sodium citrate 0.26% 4 Tri-calcium phosphate 0.22% 5 vitamin C 0.24% 6 Opacifier with dye E 171 0.48% 7 Dye E 102 (85%) 0.01% 8th Dye E 110 (85%) 0.016% 9 Gum arabic (spray-dried) E 414 0.10% 10 Xanthan E 415 0.10% 11 Na carboxymethylcellulose E 466 0.10% 12 Orange aroma type 100 0.64% 13 Orange flavor type 120 0.24% 14 sucralose 0.03% total 100.0%

Example 3: Recipe for a sports drink

Isomaltulose sports drink with L-carnitine Pos. ingredients proportion of 1 isomaltulose 90.04% 2 Citric acid (anhydrous) 6,360% 3 vitamin C 0,550% 4 Tri-sodium citrate 1,194% 5 Opacifier with dye E 171 0.262% 6 Xanthan E 415 0.091% 7 Na carboxymethylcellulose E 466 0.091% 8th sucralose 0,300% 9 Dye E 102 (85%) 0.018% 10 Aroma Grapefruit Lemon 1.090% total 100.00%

Example 4: Formulation for an ACE beverage

Isomaltulose ACE drink Pos. ingredients proportion of 1 isomaltulose 94.52% 2 Citric acid (anhydrous) 3.88% 3 Tri-sodium citrate 0.27% 4 Tri-calcium phosphate 0.25% 5 Opacifier with dye E 171 0.30% 7 Dye E 110 (85%) 0.033% 8th Dye E 102 (85%) 0.0125% 9 Dye Coffeebrown TF 8 0.0025% 10 Dye E 129 (Allura Red) 0.0015% 11 Vitamin E 0.02% 12 Provitamin A 0.032% 13 Xanthan E 415 0.170% 14 Na carboxymethylcellulose E 466 0.170% 15 Multi Fruit Flavor 0.330% total 100.00%

Example 5: Second Meal effect

The study was a crossover study of 20 subjects. Each subject had the effect of isomaltulose vs. Sucrose / glucose syrup tested.

The test interval included two meals in which the test substances were integrated, one breakfast consisting of a drink (250ml, 10% KH = 25g test substance) and biscuits (about 140g, also containing 25g test substance) and lunch consisting of mini pizzas, an apple and a soft drink. The KH amount of wheat starch of the flour consumed per serving of shortbread was the same for all biscuit variants with around 50-60 g KH. Each test period included two postprandial phases.

First, the respiratory quotient was determined at rest, then during a subsequent 30 min exercise at moderate intensity (treadmill climb protocol 4 km / h 5% gradient), after the 30-minute post-discharge phase and up to 4 hours after consumption of the second meal ( the lunch).

The RQ after eating the isomaltulose breakfast dropped and was lower than after the sucrose / glucose syrup breakfast, while at the same time the extent to which the RQ was lower was maintained even after eating a second meal (lunch). The RQ curves proceeded immediately after the initial reduction of RQ by the isomaltulose breakfast in parallel until the end of the test period. The RQ starting point ("set-point") is decisive for the RQ throughout the day.

Claims (18)

1. Use of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose for the production of functional food products for improving the regeneration of individuals exposed to physical exertion, wherein the improved regeneration is indicated by a respiratory quotient which is present after exertion and which is substantially equal to or lower than a respiratory quotient which is present immediately prior to the physical exertion of the same individual and wherein these food products are intended and suitable for consumption after completion of the physical exertion.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the improved regeneration is indicated by a respiratory quotient which, upon use of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose, is lower compared to the uses of other carbohydrates in otherwise identical food products in the same individual.
3. Use according to claim 2, wherein the other carbohydrates are highglycaemic carbohydrates.
4. Use according to claim 1, wherein the improved regeneration is indicated by a respiratory quotient which, upon use of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose, is lower than without the use of carbohydrates in the otherwise identical food product in the same individual.
5. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the respiratory quotient corresponding to the improved regeneration is present at from 0 to 24 hours, in particular at from 0 to 4 hours, after the physical exertion.
6. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the respiratory quotient which is present immediately prior to the physical exertion is present at from 60 to 0 minutes prior to the physical exertion.
7. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the physical exertion corresponds to a consumption of energy of from 0.02 to 0.5 kcal/kg of body weight/minute.
8. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the individual is a human being.
9. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the food product is a drink, a semi-solid food product or a solid food product.
10. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the food product is a soft drink, a fruit juice drink, an enteral nutrition solution, a hypotonic drink, an isotonic drink, a hypertonic drink, an energy drink, a tea drink, a coffee drink, a sports drink, a cocoa drink, an energy drink, a milk drink or a drink powder.
11. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the food product is an energy bar, a muesli product, a milk product, a dairy product, a luxury food or a bakery product.
12. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the food product contains a concentration of isomaltulose of from 1% to 99% by weight (based on dry substance).
13. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the food products are suitable and intended to be consumed in the form of a first meal of two meals at different times after completion of the physical exertion and wherein the improved regeneration is indicated by a respiratory quotient which is present after exertion and consumption of both meals and which is substantially equal to or lower than a respiratory quotient which is present immediately prior to the physical exertion of the same individual, and wherein at least the first food product is intended and suitable for consumption after completion of the physical exertion.
14. Use according to claim 13, wherein the second meal contains isomaltulose.
15. Use according to claim 13, wherein the second meal is free of isomaltulose.
16. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the food product is suitable for specific nutrition of sportsmen, overweight persons, obese persons, diabetics or elderly persons.
17. Use of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose for the production of functional food products for achieving a second meal effect, characterized by a respiratory quotient which is present after exertion and a subsequent second ingestion and which is substantially lower than or at least equal to a respiratory quotient which is present immediately prior to a first ingestion and physical exertion of the same individual.
18. Use of isomaltulose or mixtures of isomaltulose according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the mixtures contain, in addition to isomaltulose, carbohydrates and/or intensive sweeteners.

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