JP2593882B2 - Sports drinks for energy replenishment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a sports drink for the purpose of replenishing energy using palatinose as a saccharide. More specifically, by using palatinose as a carbohydrate for energy supplementation, it does not affect the blood insulin concentration even when ingested during exercise, so that it does not interfere with the energy supply by the fat metabolism system and can continuously produce glucose. It provides a sports drink that can supply a quality energy source.

(Prior art)

In sports, stamina is fundamental, but muscle fatigue due to exercise occurs when glycogen in muscle and liver, which is a source of energy production, is consumed and a certain limit is reached. Ingesting energy sources such as glucose and sucrose during exercise to maintain stamina and reduce fatigue can save muscle glycogen consumption, slow down blood sugar levels and replenish glycogen This is common in endurance exercises that take a long time. However, if a large amount of glucose or sucrose is taken during or before exercise, the blood sugar level rises sharply and insulin induction is promoted. As a result, the action of insulin lowers the blood sugar level during exercise and at the same time inhibits the metabolism of fatty acid energy.

Recently, many sports drinks have been developed and marketed, but these drinks mainly use glucose and sucrose as carbohydrates, control the carbohydrate concentration to a relatively low concentration of 5 to 6%, and also contain vitamins. It is characterized by the addition of minerals and organic acids such as citrate lactic acid to adjust the pH to around 3.5 to adjust the osmotic pressure to the same level as the body fluid. The goal is that the caloric value is not as large as the difference.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

Cells throughout the body, including muscles, have two energy metabolic systems that produce the energy adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is a glycolytic metabolic system that does not require oxygen and an oxidative metabolic system that requires oxygen.The former uses glycogen glucose as an energy source and does not require oxygen for metabolism, so it can be used for rapid exercise such as sprinting. It is used to provide the necessary energy, but is not sustainable because it produces lactic acid, which inhibits ATP production. The oxidative metabolic system utilizes fatty acids in addition to glycogen and glucose, efficiently produces energy, and is used to supply energy for endurance exercise. Glycogen storage in the human body is typically 300 Kcal for the liver and 1500 Kca for the entire muscle
Only fat is stored, but even fat athletes have about 5% of their body weight, and a considerable amount of energy is stored as fat. In humans, muscle glycogen content
If the weight drops to 3-5g / kg, you will not be able to continue exercising any more and you will be tired.

Therefore, long-term endurance exercise may cause glycogen storage to run out. In such a case, sucrose or glucose may be supplemented as an energy source, but if these are taken in large amounts, blood sugar levels increase, insulin production is promoted, lipolysis is inhibited, and blood fatty acids are inhibited. Since the level is rapidly reduced, the energy metabolism of fatty acids utilizing body fat is decreased, and conversely, the energy metabolism by glycogen and glucose is activated and fatigue is accelerated. Therefore, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of energy metabolism to ingest a kind of sports drink which is currently circulating and having a relatively high sugar content of glucose immediately before or during exercise. The present inventors have found that palatinose is a good substrate of glycogen, like glucose and sucrose, and is slowly digested and absorbed in comparison with these, so that the blood glucose level rises slowly and insulin secretion is slight, They found that they did not inhibit lipolysis and invented a sports beverage with high concentration of carbohydrates using palatinose for energy supplementation.

[Solution]

Palatinose used in the present invention is also called isomaltulose, and is structurally a disaccharide in which glucose is linked to fructose by α-1,6 glucosyl. Palatinose crystals are monohydrate and have a melting point of 123-124 ° C, specific rotation ▲ [α] ²⁰ _D ▼ is + 97.2 ° Fehling solution The reducing power is 52% of glucose, and the solubility in 100 g of water is 38.4 at 20 ° C. g 78.2 g at 40 ° C and 174.9 g at 60 ° C. The sweetness quality of the aqueous solution is good and the sweetness is about the same as sucrose.
42%. Palatinose is found in honey, sugar cane juice, and the like, and is present in transfer products produced by the action of α-glucosidase of bacteria and yeast on sucrose. Bacterial α-glucosidases such as Protaminobacter rubrum and Serratia Plymuthica convert most of the sucrose to palatinose. Industrial production method of palatinose
No. 58-36959. Palatinose is hydrolyzed and digested and absorbed by the enzyme isomaltase present in the small intestinal mucosa. However, the rate of digestion and absorption is lower than that of sucrose, the blood glucose level after eating does not fluctuate much, and the amount of insulin secreted is small. FIG. 1 shows the changes in blood glucose and insulin levels after ingestion of palatinose and sucrose.

Insulin secretion is low, so fatty acid release from body adipose tissue, which is the energy source of the oxidative metabolic system, is not inhibited, and unlike glucose and sucrose, stable and continuous energy source is supplied, so long-lasting When exercising, stamina can be maintained by consuming a beverage containing palatinose for energy supplementation. Generally, in endurance exercises such as marathons that require a long time, 200 to 400 Kcal is replenished on the way, but in such a case,
There are various problems when trying to ingest necessary calories at once with sucrose or the like which stimulates insulin secretion. However, the use of palatinose makes it possible to provide a high-concentration sports drink for replenishing energy. Palatinose has a sweetness of 42% of sucrose, and even at a high concentration, it has a crisp sweetness and is easy to ingest. The sports beverage for the purpose of replenishing energy using palatinose as a main carbohydrate provided by the present invention has a palatinose content of 65 to 50 that can be prepared as a liquid beverage or a high-concentration beverage containing 15 to 30% palatinose.
It is a 95% (w / w) powdered beverage, and may contain other sugars, minerals, organic acids, vitamins, and flavors other than palatinose if necessary.

〔The invention's effect〕

Test Example 1 The results of a comparison test of sucrose ingestion of serum glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, and liver and soleus glycogen in the case where palatinose was ingested before exercise by an experiment using rats.

(Test method) The test was carried out using 45 female rats of the JCL Sprague Dawley strain weighing 70 to 100 g at the age of 5 weeks after birth. Rat 2
The animals are reared for 5 weeks and put in cages of 5 animals during the rearing period.
The animals were kept under light from 10:00 to 19:00, and were fed twice a day between 8:00 to 8:30 and 18:00 to 18:30 every day, and water was given freely. During the pre-breeding period, swimming training was performed for 30 minutes a day for 6 days a week. Rats weighed 146 ± 29 at the end of the training session. In the test, 2.5 ml of an aqueous solution of palatinose and sucrose was orally administered at a rate of 4 g per kg of body weight to rats that had been left untreated for 10 hours after breakfast, and training was started 1 hour after administration. Training continued swimming for 1 hour. Rats were sacrificed with 5 rats at the time of administration of palatinose and sucrose, and at the start, at the end of training, and 1 hour after the end of training, 5 animals each of the groups administered with palatinose and sucrose. Glycogen was measured.

(Test results) In the group of palatinose administration, the blood glucose level increased slightly after administration and during training. However, it did not change much during the test, whereas in the group of sucrose administration, the blood glucose level increased sharply after administration and at the end of training. The blood glucose level was lower than that of the palatinose administration group. Insulin concentration was almost unchanged in the palatinose administration group, but was high at the start of training in the sucrose administration group. The free fatty acid concentration gradually increased with the start of training in the palatinose administration group, but decreased immediately after administration in the sucrose administration group, remained at a low value during training, and reached almost the same level as the palatinose administration group at the end of the test. Glycogen in the liver increased slightly in the sucrose and palatinose-administered groups after administration until the start of training, and decreased sharply after the start of training.However, the decrease in the sucrose group was larger than that in the palatinose group, and the glycogen level after training was complete The recovery was similar for the soleus muscle glycogen, for which the palatinose group was quick.

The above results indicate that in the sucrose-administered group, the blood glucose level suddenly rises temporarily after administration and promotes insulin generation.As a result, the action of insulin suppresses body lipolysis, and the blood free fatty acid concentration decreases. Is shown. In the palatinose administration group, the blood sugar level is stably maintained, and the energy metabolism system by fatty acids is not inhibited. Glycogen in the liver and soleus muscle is rapidly consumed by training, but in the sucrose group, energy supply by fatty acids is inhibited, indicating that glycogen consumption is large. The above results indicate that even if palatinose is taken, there is almost no effect on hormonal balance, energy can be replenished while maintaining a normal state, and sugar is continuously supplied due to continuous digestion and absorption. It is a carbohydrate that is suitable for maintaining and enhancing stamina during exercise because it reduces glycogen consumption in combination with energy supplementation of fatty acid metabolism system, and contains an appropriate amount of palatinose before exercise Ingesting a beverage is effective. Endurance exercise that requires a long time, such as a marathon, requires energy supplementation of 200 to 400 Kcal on the way, but before or during the start, ingest the high concentration palatinose drink or powdered drink shown in the examples according to the required calorie amount This helps maintain stamina.

Test Example 2 As a load test of a high-concentration palatinose beverage for energy supplementation, 300 ml of a 25% (w / v) aqueous solution of palatinose was used for 22 years of age.
Males and females aged between 52 and 52 were ingested, and immediately after ingestion, they were allowed to play tennis for two hours in a row. Examination of the physical condition of the subjects during and after exercise revealed that none of them showed diarrhea or other abnormalities.

Even if palatinose is ingested, it does not affect the blood insulin concentration, and its sweetness is as low as 42% of that of sucrose, so that high-concentration palatinose drinks for energy supplementation are easy to drink with a crisp taste. In recent years, there has been an increase in health consciousness, and some people perform marathons and jogging in the early morning on an empty stomach before meals. Metabolism is central, and free fatty acids in the blood are maintained at a high concentration. Maintaining this state for a long period of time may affect angina pectoris and the like, and is not preferable for health management. In such cases, consuming a beverage containing palatinose before the start of exercise maintains blood sugar at a constant level without affecting insulin concentration, without excessively increasing free fatty acids in the blood, The present sports drink may be used for such a purpose because it is possible to exercise in a preferable condition.

Examples of blending the sports drink for energy supplement according to the present invention will be described below.

Example 1 Canned sports drink (with 250 ml) Palatinose in 100 g of solution 20% sodium trace potassium 〃 Vitamin C 〃 Flavor 〃 Example 2 Canned drink with 250 ml Palatinose 39.5 g Vitamin C 75 mg Vitamin B ₁ hydrochloride 5 mg Sodium citrate 255 mg Magnesium chloride 30mg Calcium lactate 30mg Citric anhydride 360mg Flavor 30mg Water 225g Example 3 Canned beverage with 250ml Palatinose 79g Vitamin C 75mg Vitamin B ₁ hydrochloride 5mg Sodium citrate 255mg Magnesium chloride 30mg Calcium lactate 60mg Anhydrous citric acid 1g Perfume 200 mg Water 210 g Example 4 Powdered beverage Palatinose 85.7% Powdered juice 9.0 Anhydrous citric acid 3.0 Sodium citrate 0.4 L-Ascorbin 0.5 Sodium ascorbate 0.3 Flavor 1.0 Riboflavin (containing 10%) 0.1 150 to 200 ml of the above powder 50 to 60 ml Dissolve in water and serve for drinking.

Example 5 Powdered drink Palatinose 68.8% Fructose 17.5 Powdered juice 9.0 Anhydrous citric acid 2.0 Malic acid 0.2 L-Ascorbic acid 0.5 Sodium ascorbate 0.5 Flavor 1.0 β-Carotene (containing 1%) 0.5 60 g of the above powder in 150-200 ml of water Dissolve and serve for drinking.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in blood glucose and insulin levels after oral administration of palatinose or sucrose. 2 to 6 are graphs showing measured values of rats to which palatinose or sucrose was administered one hour before the start of exercise, FIG. 2 is a blood glucose level (mg / dl), and FIG. Fig. 4 shows the concentration of free fatty acids in serum (µeq / l), Fig. 5 shows the amount of glycogen in the liver (mg / g wet weight), and Fig. 6 shows the glycogen of soleus muscle. The amount (mg / g wet weight) is shown on the vertical axis, and the horizontal axis shows the elapsed time.

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A sports drink for replenishing energy containing palatinose as a main sugar. 2. The sports beverage according to claim 1, which is a liquid having a palatinose content of 15 to 30% (w / v). 3. The sports beverage according to claim 1, which is a powder having a palatinose content of 65 to 95% (w / w).