EP2044381B1 - Wärmeübertrager - Google Patents

Wärmeübertrager Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2044381B1
EP2044381B1 EP07803878.3A EP07803878A EP2044381B1 EP 2044381 B1 EP2044381 B1 EP 2044381B1 EP 07803878 A EP07803878 A EP 07803878A EP 2044381 B1 EP2044381 B1 EP 2044381B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
temperature
cold
equipment
thermal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07803878.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2044381A1 (de
Inventor
Emile Colongo
Stéphane ORTET
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Operations SAS
Original Assignee
Airbus Operations SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Operations SAS filed Critical Airbus Operations SAS
Publication of EP2044381A1 publication Critical patent/EP2044381A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2044381B1 publication Critical patent/EP2044381B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
    • F28F2013/008—Variable conductance materials; Thermal switches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/10—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing overheating, e.g. heat shields
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat flow device.
  • thermo energy for example an electrical circuit or an electronic component
  • a quantity of heat flows through the conductive element, with a power inversely proportional to the thermal resistance thereof, which allows to evacuate at least a portion of the heat generated at the equipment and therefore avoid excessive heating of it.
  • the heat generated in the equipment is no longer completely transmitted (or almost no longer transmitted) to the cold part when these thermal conditions are encountered (that is to say, for example when the temperature or the thermal power transmitted through the element exceeds said threshold) and overheating thereof is avoided.
  • the thermal conditions correspond for example to a thermal power transmitted through the element.
  • the element can limit the transmitted thermal power to the value of said determined threshold
  • the equipment and the cold part can moreover be essentially separated by a gaseous blade, at least in said thermal conditions, in order also to avoid under these conditions the transmission of electrical phenomena (such as electric arcs), in particular propagation. electric arcs, equipment to the cold source.
  • electrical phenomena such as electric arcs
  • electric arcs equipment to the cold source.
  • the equipment and the cold part are for example separated by said blade whatever the thermal conditions and the element may then comprise at least one heat pipe passing through said blade.
  • the element comprises at least one component of which a change of state (for example a transition from the liquid state to the gaseous state) in said thermal conditions causes the increase of the thermal resistance; which also limits the amount of heat transmitted.
  • a change of state for example a transition from the liquid state to the gaseous state
  • the component can then form said blade after said change of state, which is a practical way to obtain this blade.
  • the element is configured to lose contact with the equipment or the cold part in said thermal conditions. It is in this case the breaking of the contact between the different parts which causes the interruption of the thermal path between the equipment and the cold part, and therefore the limitation of heat transmission.
  • the element comprises for example in this case at least one component, a change of state in said thermal conditions causes said loss of contact.
  • said component participates in the conduction of the equipment to the cold part outside said thermal conditions and is erased because of its change of state in said thermal conditions, thus essentially isolating the equipment and the cold part.
  • the change of a mechanical property of the component during its change of state may cause a movement of a part of the element, thus causing said loss of contact.
  • the element can be configured so that the change of state of the component allows the formation of said gaseous blade.
  • the change of state then makes it possible not only to interrupt the thermal path, but also to avoid the propagation of electrical phenomena.
  • the change of state may be a transition from the solid state to the liquid state, or a transition from the liquid state to the gaseous state.
  • the equipment may be a fuel pump and the cold part a liquid fuel, for example in an aircraft; the invention is particularly interesting in this context, although it naturally has many other applications, such as the protection against overheating of heat sink elements sensitive to temperature rises, such as carbon structures.
  • the invention also proposes an aircraft equipped with such a device.
  • the Figure 1A represents a first embodiment of the invention in normal operating mode.
  • a hot plate 101 which comprises a heat source (not shown) is connected to a cold plate 102 (for example a part of the device structure) by means of a solid material 103 at the corresponding nominal nominal temperature T normal operation.
  • the material 103 is a thermal conductor and its thermal resistance R material is therefore relatively low. Thus, the heat generated by the heat source at the hot plate 101 is removed, under normal operating conditions, through the material 103 to the cold plate 102 which acts as a heat sink or cold source .
  • the material 103 is also chosen such that its melting temperature T m is less than or equal to the desired maximum operating temperature T max .
  • T m melting temperature
  • T max desired maximum operating temperature
  • Such a maximum temperature can be for example, to avoid a degradation of the cold plate 102, or other negative consequences, such as a fire risk when the cold plate is made in the form of a combustible material such as the fuel of an aircraft.
  • the cold plate 102 is then thermally insulated from the hot plate 101 by means of the air knife 106 which separates them; the latter also plays the role of an electrical insulator, which also prevents the transmission of electrical energy (for example in the form of electric arcs) from the hot plate to the cold plate 102.
  • This last advantage is particularly interesting in the case where the hot plate 101 comprises an electrical or electronic equipment whose possible malfunctions could be dangerous at the cold plate 102 especially when it has reached a temperature above the desired maximum temperature T max .
  • wax material whose heat properties permit a conduction of heat that is much greater than that permitted by the thermal resistance of air 106 is used as material.
  • the Figure 2A represents a second embodiment of the invention in normal operating mode, that is to say, for example at a nominal operating temperature T significantly lower than a desired maximum temperature.
  • a device 201 comprising a heat source is located at a distance from a cold plate 202 and consequently separated therefrom by an air knife 206.
  • the equipment 201 is also linked to the cold plate. 202 by means of a heat sink 203 formed in a material that is a good conductor of heat (that is to say of low thermal resistance) and which therefore extends partly in the space formed by the air space 206
  • the heat sink 203 is held in contact with the cold plate 202 by interposition between a part of the equipment 201 and the conductive drain 203 of a solid state bonding material 204. Furthermore, a compression spring 205 is interposed between the drain 203 and the cold plate 202, the spring 205 being compressed when the drain 203 is in contact with the cold plate 202.
  • the drain 203 is connected to the equipment 201, on the one hand through the connecting material 204 and on the other hand directly to other parts of the equipment 201 that those receiving the connecting material 204, for example to the level of a side wall 208 of the equipment 201.
  • the drain 203 is no longer held in contact with the cold plate 202 but instead moves away under the effect of the spring 205. Due to the displacement of the drain 203 and its loss of contact with the plate cold 202, the equipment 201 and the cold plate 202 are separated by the thickness (or blade) of air 206, except the spring 205 whose thermal conductivity is negligible, and these two elements are essentially isolated by means of the air knife 206, as shown in Figure 2C .
  • the 2D figure represents, in normal operating mode, a variant of the second example which has just been described.
  • a device 211 comprising a heat source is located at a distance from a cold plate 212 and therefore separated therefrom by an air knife 216.
  • the equipment 211 is also linked to the cold plate 212 by means of a heat sink 213 formed in a material of low thermal resistance and which therefore extends in part in the space formed by the air knife 216
  • the heat sink 213 is however held in abutment against the cold plate 212 by means of a solid block 214 interposed between the conductive drain 213 and a structural part 210.
  • a spring compression 215 is interposed between the drain 213 and the cold plate 212, the spring 215 being compressed when the drain 213 is in contact with the cold plate 212 due to the presence of the solid block 214.
  • the solid block 214 does not necessarily participate in the flow of heat.
  • the drain 213 is no longer held in contact with the cold plate 212, but instead moves away under the effect of the spring 215. Due to the displacement of the drain 213 and its loss of contact with the plate 212, the equipment 211 and the cold plate 212 are separated by the thickness (or blade) of air 216, except the spring 215 whose thermal conductivity is negligible, and these two elements are essentially isolated by means of the air knife 216.
  • the displacement of the drain 213 then continues until it comes into contact with the part of structure 210 which could then in this case in turn function as a heat sink.
  • the figure 3A represents a third embodiment of the invention under normal operating conditions.
  • the equipment 301 generating heat and the cold part 302 acting as cold source are respectively located in the upper part and the lower part of an enclosure 305.
  • a space in the enclosure between the equipment 301 and the cold part 302 is filled with a liquid-form bonding material 303 having a low thermal resistance and which forms a heat conduction path between the equipment 301 and the cold part 302.
  • the enclosure 305 receives the equipment 301, the connecting material 303 and the cold part 302 hermetically. Only a safety valve 304 penetrating into the chamber at the space filled by the connecting material 303 possibly allows evacuation of the liquid when the pressure is greater than a threshold as explained below.
  • the bonding material 303 is such that its vaporization temperature corresponds approximately (and is preferably slightly less) to a desired maximum temperature at the cold portion 302.
  • the bonding material 303 passes from the liquid state in the gaseous state during a phase represented at figure 3B (The gaseous material 303 'occurring naturally in the upper part of the space of the chamber 305 previously occupied by the liquid, in contact with the equipment 301).
  • the change of state in the hermetic enclosure 305 causes a rise in pressure inside thereof until the pressure reaches the tripping threshold of the safety valve 304 and that the liquid part of the material of link 303 therefore begins to evacuate as shown in figure 3B .
  • the thermal path initially formed by the bonding material 303 in liquid form is therefore interrupted and the cold part 302 is thereby thermally insulated from the equipment 301, the thermal resistance of the gaseous bonding material being much greater than that of the binding material in liquid form.
  • phase change that is to say the transition from the liquid state to the gaseous state
  • the connecting material has also made it possible to replace the thermal path with a gaseous blade, which makes it possible, in particular, to avoid arcing between the equipment 301 and the cold part 302.
  • the Figure 4A represents a fourth embodiment of the invention under normal operating conditions, that is to say for temperatures (whose nominal operating temperature) significantly lower than a maximum permitted temperature.
  • an enclosure 405 is formed in the lower extension of a hot plate 401 (which is for example a part of an equipment containing a heat source, such as for example a fuel pump equipping the aircraft) .
  • the enclosure 405 is hermetic and comprises in its lower part, in normal operating mode, a liquid component 403.
  • a heat sink 404 is also partially received inside the enclosure 405: an upper portion 406 (here substantially horizontal) extends over the entire (here horizontal) surface of the enclosure 405 so as to form a piston separating an upper part of the enclosure 405, for example filled with air, from a lower part of the enclosure 405 filled by the liquid component 403 in normal operating mode.
  • the heat sink 404 also comprises a rod (in this case essentially vertical) of which a lower part 407 is, in normal operation as illustrated on FIG. Figure 4A in contact with a cold part forming a heat sink, here formed by the liquid fuel 402 of the aircraft.
  • the lower part 407 is precisely in this case immersed in the fuel 402 as shown in FIG. Figure 4A .
  • the temperature in the enclosure 405 rises above the nominal operating temperature (for example, because of a malfunction of the equipment 401) and reaches the vaporization temperature of the liquid component 403 (preferably chosen slightly lower than a maximum allowed temperature inside the enclosure 405, which corresponds for example to a temperature beyond which there are risks due to the presence of the fuel 402)
  • the vaporization temperature of the liquid component 403 preferably chosen slightly lower than a maximum allowed temperature inside the enclosure 405, which corresponds for example to a temperature beyond which there are risks due to the presence of the fuel 402
  • a gaseous phase 403 'appears in the lower part of the enclosure 405 and the pressure it exerts tends to move up the heat sink 404 which is recalled that the upper portion 406 piston shape, as shown in the Figure 4B .
  • the space between the lower part 407 of the drain 404 and the surface of the liquid fuel 402 is filled with a blade of a thermally and electrically insulating gas (such as for example air) in such a way that that the equipment 401 and the liquid fuel 402 forming a cold source are sufficiently thermally and electrically insulated to avoid any risk of fire fuel 402.
  • a thermally and electrically insulating gas such as for example air
  • the Figure 5A represents a fifth example of implementation of the invention.
  • an equipment comprising a heat source (or hot plate) 501 is separated from a cold plate 502 (for example a structural element of an aircraft) by means of an air knife 504 in order to avoid the propagation of arcing between the equipment 501 and the cold plate 502.
  • a plurality of heat pipes (or tubes of heat, closer to the English wording "heat-pipe” ) 503 pass through the air gap 504, each heat pipe 503 being at one end in contact with the equipment 501 and at the other end in contact with the cold plate 502.
  • a single heat pipe may be used when the sizing of the heat flow in the device allows it.
  • the heat pipes made for example in the form of two-phase tubes, make it possible to evacuate to the cold plate 502 the heat generated within the equipment 501, and this in normal operation, that is to say when the power transmitted by the heat pipes (or alternatively the temperature thereof) does not exceed a threshold power threshold P (temperature respectively).
  • a threshold power threshold P temperature respectively.
  • temperature threshold is an absolute value of temperature or a relative value, for example with respect to the temperature outside the heat pipe.
  • the heat resistance R th of the heat pipes 503 is therefore relatively low as long as the thermal power that flows through them is below the threshold P threshold (respectively as long as the temperature is below the temperature threshold).
  • the heat pipes 503 are however such that, when the thermal power passing through them is greater than this threshold P threshold (respectively when the temperature is greater than the temperature threshold), their thermal resistance R th increases sharply, as illustrated in FIG. Figure 5B .
  • the equipment even if the equipment generates a thermal power greater than the power threshold of the heat pipe, the latter saturates and therefore transmits to the cold plate a limited thermal power, which avoids overheating thereof. In this way, the heat evacuation is continued in part, but without risk for the cold plate.

Claims (9)

  1. Vorrichtung, aufweisend:
    • eine Ausrüstung (101 ; 201 ; 211 ; 301 ; 401) mit einer Wärmequelle, welche eine maximale thermische Betriebsbedingung besitzt, welche eine maximale Betriebstemperatur oder eine maximale über die Ausrüstung übertragene Wärmeleistung ist,
    • ein in Bezug auf die Ausrüstung kaltes Teil (102 ; 202 ; 212 ; 302 ; 402), welches von einem brennbaren Material oder einem gegenüber Temperaturerhöhungen empfindlichen Element gebildet wird, und
    • ein Element (103 ; 203, 204 ; 213, 214 ; 303 ; 403, 404, 405), welches geeignet ist, um die Wärme der Ausrüstung auf das kalte Teil zu übertragen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Element geeignet ist, eine Begrenzung der übertragenen Wärme für thermische Bedingungen herbeizuführen, welche größer als ein vorgegebener Schwellenwert sind, welcher kleiner als die maximale Bedingung ist, so dass eine Überhitzung des kalten Teils vermieden wird, die zu dessen Beschädigung oder dessen Entzündung führt.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher die thermischen Bedingungen einer über das Element übertragenen Wärmeleistung entspricht.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, bei welcher das Element geeignet ist, die übertragene Wärmeleistung auf den Wert des vorgegebenen Schwellenwerts zu begrenzen.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei welcher die Ausrüstung und das kalte Teil im Wesentlichen durch einen Gaszwischenraum (106; 206; 216) zumindest unter den thermischen Bedingungen getrennt sind.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, bei welcher die Ausrüstung und das kalte Teil unabhängig von den thermischen Bedingungen durch den Zwischenraum getrennt sind, und bei welcher das Element mindestens ein Wärmerohr (503) aufweist, welches den Zwischenraum durchdringt.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei welcher die Ausrüstung eine Pumpe für Kraftstoff ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei welcher das kalte Teil ein flüssiger Kraftstoff ist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei welcher das kalte Teil ein Element ist, welches empfindlich gegenüber Temperaturerhöhungen ist.
  9. Luftfahrzeug, welches mit einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 ausgerüstet ist.
EP07803878.3A 2006-07-18 2007-07-17 Wärmeübertrager Active EP2044381B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0653014A FR2904102B1 (fr) 2006-07-18 2006-07-18 Dispositif a ecoulement de chaleur
PCT/FR2007/001222 WO2008009811A1 (fr) 2006-07-18 2007-07-17 Dispositif a ecoulement de chaleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2044381A1 EP2044381A1 (de) 2009-04-08
EP2044381B1 true EP2044381B1 (de) 2017-11-01

Family

ID=37691785

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07803878.3A Active EP2044381B1 (de) 2006-07-18 2007-07-17 Wärmeübertrager

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20090283251A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2044381B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2009543997A (de)
CN (1) CN101490496A (de)
BR (1) BRPI0713193A2 (de)
CA (1) CA2657777C (de)
FR (1) FR2904102B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2465531C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2008009811A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2904103B1 (fr) 2006-07-18 2015-05-15 Airbus France Dispositif a ecoulement de chaleur
EP2433074B1 (de) * 2009-05-22 2013-03-20 Arçelik Anonim Sirketi Haushaltsgerät
FR2977121B1 (fr) * 2011-06-22 2014-04-25 Commissariat Energie Atomique Systeme de gestion thermique a materiau a volume variable
CN103376025A (zh) * 2012-04-24 2013-10-30 上海首太工业装备有限公司 一种可控热开关
RU2608053C1 (ru) * 2015-10-06 2017-01-13 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Уральская производственная компания" Модуль отведения и распределения тепловой энергии энергоустановки на твердооксидных топливных элементах
US11204206B2 (en) 2020-05-18 2021-12-21 Envertic Thermal Systems, Llc Thermal switch

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2009105499A (ru) 2010-08-27
FR2904102B1 (fr) 2015-03-27
EP2044381A1 (de) 2009-04-08
US20090283251A1 (en) 2009-11-19
BRPI0713193A2 (pt) 2012-03-20
WO2008009811A1 (fr) 2008-01-24
CA2657777C (en) 2016-06-14
RU2465531C2 (ru) 2012-10-27
CN101490496A (zh) 2009-07-22
JP2009543997A (ja) 2009-12-10
CA2657777A1 (en) 2008-01-24
FR2904102A1 (fr) 2008-01-25

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