EP2038307A1 - Procédé d'acylation de la cellulose avec un degré de polymérisation moyen ciblé - Google Patents

Procédé d'acylation de la cellulose avec un degré de polymérisation moyen ciblé

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Publication number
EP2038307A1
EP2038307A1 EP07730255A EP07730255A EP2038307A1 EP 2038307 A1 EP2038307 A1 EP 2038307A1 EP 07730255 A EP07730255 A EP 07730255A EP 07730255 A EP07730255 A EP 07730255A EP 2038307 A1 EP2038307 A1 EP 2038307A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
general formula
formula
alkyl
radicals
Prior art date
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EP07730255A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klemens Massonne
Veit Stegmann
Giovanni D'andola
Werner Mormann
Markus Wezstein
Wei Leng
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Priority claimed from DE200610030696 external-priority patent/DE102006030696A1/de
Priority claimed from DE200610042892 external-priority patent/DE102006042892A1/de
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP2038307A1 publication Critical patent/EP2038307A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B1/00—Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof, e.g. pre-treatment, pre-soaking, activation
    • C08B1/003—Preparation of cellulose solutions, i.e. dopes, with different possible solvents, e.g. ionic liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
    • C08B15/02—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose; Cellulosehydrate, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
    • C08B3/06—Cellulose acetate, e.g. mono-acetate, di-acetate or tri-acetate

Definitions

  • the present invention describes a process for the acylation of cellulose with a targeted average degree of polymerization (DP) by subjecting cellulose in a first step to targeted degradation and in a second step to acylation.
  • DP targeted average degree of polymerization
  • Cellulose is the most important renewable raw material and represents an important starting material for, for example, the textile, paper and nonwoven industries. It also serves as a raw material for derivatives and modifications of cellulose, to which cellulose ethers, e.g. Methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose esters based on organic acids, e.g. Cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, and cellulose esters based on inorganic acids, e.g. Cellulose nitrate, and others count. These derivatives and modifications find a variety of applications, for example in the textile, food, construction and paint industries. Of particular interest here is cellulose acetate.
  • cellulose ethers e.g. Methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose
  • cellulose esters based on organic acids e.g. Cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate
  • inorganic acids e.g. Cellulose nitrate
  • the disadvantage here is that initially a heterogeneous mixture is present in this process, which passes over in the course of the reaction into a more or less homogeneous mixture.
  • the handling of such mixtures has very high technical requirements.
  • the DP of the resulting cellulose acetate strongly depends on the quality of the cellulose used and the reaction conditions.
  • step A A process has now been found for the preparation of acylated celluloses with a targeted DP and a defined DS by dissolving cellulose in an ionic liquid, and the resulting solution in a first step (step A). treated with an acid (optionally with the addition of water) or at elevated temperature (optionally in the presence of water) and in a second step (step B) the resulting cellulose whose DP is lower than that used in step A. Cellulose, reacted with an acylating agent. 5
  • n 1, 2, 3 or 4
  • [A] + is a quaternary ammonium cation, an oxonium cation, a sulfonium cation or a phosphonium cation
  • [Y] n is a one, two or more -, tri- or tetravalent anion stands 15
  • the ionic liquids have a melting point of less than 180 ° C. More preferably, the melting point is in a range of -50 ° C to 150 ° C, more preferably in the range of -20 ° C to 120 ° C, and most preferably below 100 ° C. 30
  • the ionic liquids of the invention are organic compounds, i. in that at least one cation or anion of the ionic liquid contains an organic radical.
  • Such compounds may contain oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur or in particular nitrogen atoms, for example at least one nitrogen atom, preferably 1 to 10 nitrogen atoms, more preferably 1 to 5, most preferably 1 to 3 and especially 1 to
  • nitrogen atom is a suitable carrier of the positive charge in the cation of the ionic liquid, of which then, in equilibrium, a proton or an alkyl group can be transferred to the anion to form an electrically neutral molecule.
  • a cation in the synthesis of the ionic liquids a cation can first be generated by quaternization on the nitrogen atom of, for example, an amine or nitrogen heterocycle.
  • the quaternization can be carried out by alkylation of the nitrogen atom.
  • salts with different anions are obtained.
  • this can be done in a further synthesis step.
  • the halide can be reacted with a Lewis acid to form a complex anion from halide and Lewis acid.
  • replacement of a halide ion with the desired anion is possible. This can be done by adding a metal salt with precipitation of the metal halide formed, via an ion exchanger or by displacement of the halide ion by a strong acid (with liberation of the hydrohalic acid). Suitable methods are, for example, in Angew. Chem. 2000, 12, pp. 3926-3945 and the literature cited therein.
  • Suitable alkyl radicals with which the nitrogen atom in the amines or nitrogen heterocycles may be quaternized are C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, particularly preferably C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and very particularly preferably methyl.
  • the alkyl group may be unsubstituted or have one or more identical or different substituents.
  • aromatic heterocycles are particularly preferred.
  • Particularly preferred compounds are those which have a molecular weight below 1000 g / mol, very particularly preferably below 500 g / mol and in particular below 350 g / mol.
  • radical R is hydrogen, a carbon-containing organic, saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic, unsubstituted or interrupted by 1 to 5 heteroatoms or functional groups radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
  • radicals R 1 to R 9 independently represent hydrogen, a sulfo
  • radicals R 1 to R 9 which in the abovementioned formulas (III) to a carbon atom (and not to a heteroatom) may additionally be also halogen or a functional group; or
  • the carbon-containing group contains heteroatoms, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon are preferable.
  • the radicals R 1 to R 9 may in the cases in which they are bonded in the abovementioned formulas (III) to a carbon atom (and not to a heteroatom) also be bonded directly via the heteroatom.
  • Fractional groups and heteroatoms may also be directly adjacent so that combinations of several adjacent atoms, such as -O- (ether), -S- (thioether), -COO- (ester), -CONH- (secondary amide ) or -CONR'- (tertiary amide), are included, for example, di (Ci-C4-alkyl) amino, Ci-C4-alkyloxycarbonyl or Ci-C4-alkyloxy.
  • the R 'radicals are the remainder of the carbon-containing radical.
  • Halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • the radical R preferably stands for
  • C 1 -C 20 -alkyl having a total of 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2 Methyl 1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl , 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2 Methyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2 Methyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl,
  • R A O- (CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 ⁇ ) m -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 - with R A and R B is preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and m is preferably 0 to 3, in particular 3-oxabutyl, 3-oxapentyl, 3,6-dioxaheptyl, 3,6 Dioxaoctyl, 3,6,9-trioxadecyl, 3,6,9-trioxa-undecyl, 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatridecyl and 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecyl;
  • N, N-di-Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl-amino such as N, N-dimethylamino and N 1 N-diethylamino.
  • radicals R 1 to R 9 are preferably each independently
  • aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles substituted and / or interrupted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups cis alkenyl;
  • aryl optionally substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles substituted C6-Ci2-aryl;
  • aryl optionally substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles substituted C5-Ci2-cycloalkyl;
  • aryl optionally substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles substituted C5-Ci2-cycloalkenyl; or
  • Heterocycles substituted and optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups ring.
  • Ci-cis-alkyl is preferably methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2- Butyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl (isobutyl), 2-methyl-2-propyl (tert-butyl), 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl 1-butyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl , 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 3 -
  • aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles is preferably phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI, ⁇ -naphthyl, ß-naphthyl, 4-diphenylyl, Chlorophenyl, dichlorophenyl, trichlorophenyl, difluorophenyl, methylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, trimethylphenyl, ethylphenyl, diethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, hexyloxyphenyl, methylnaphthyl, isopropylnaphthyl, chloronaphth
  • C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl optionally substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles is preferably cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, cyclododecyl, methylcyclopentyl, dimethylcyclopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, Diethylcyclohe- xyl, butylcyclohexyl, methoxycyclohexyl, Dimethoxycyclohexyl, Diethoxycyclohexyl, Butylthiocyclohexyl, chlorocyclohexyl, dichlorocyclohexyl, dichlorocyclopentyl, C m F2 (m -a) - (ib) H2a-b in the ⁇ 30, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ m
  • An optionally substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles substituted five to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur atoms containing heterocycle is preferably furyl, thiophenyl, Pyrryl, pyridyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, dioxolyl, dioxo, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, dimethylpyridyl, methylquinolyl, dimethylpyrryl, methoxyfuryl, dimethoxypyridyl or difluoropyridyl.
  • Two adjacent radicals together form an unsaturated, saturated or aromatic, optionally substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles and optionally substituted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more several substituted or unsubstituted imino groups interrupted ring, it is preferably 1, 3-propylene, 1, 4-butylene, 1, 5-pentylene, 2-oxa-1, 3-propylene, 1-oxa-1, 3- propylene, 2-oxa-1, 3-propylene, 1-oxa-1, 3-propenylene, 3-oxa-1, 5-pentylene, 1-aza-1, 3-propenylene, 1-Ci-C4-alkyl 1-aza-1, 3-propenylene, 1,4-butan-1, 3-dienylene, 1-az-1, 4-buta-1,3-dienylene or 2-aza-1,4-buta-1, 3-dienylene.
  • the abovementioned radicals contain oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or substituted or unsubstituted imino groups
  • the number of oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or imino groups is not restricted. As a rule, it is not more than 5 in the remainder, preferably not more than 4 and very particularly preferably not more than 3.
  • radicals contain heteroatoms, then between two heteroatoms there are generally at least one carbon atom, preferably at least two carbon atoms.
  • radicals R 1 to R 9 are each independently
  • Ci-Cis-alkyl having a total of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl , 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3 -methyl-1-butyl,
  • Glycols, butylene glycols and their oligomers having 1 to 100 units and a hydrogen or a C 1 to C 1 alkyl as end group, such as R A O- (CHR B -CH 2 -O) m -CHR B -CH 2 - or
  • R A O- (CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 ⁇ ) m -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 - with R A and R B preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and n preferably 0 to 3, in particular 3-oxabutyl, 3-oxapentyl, 3,6-dioxaheptyl, 3,6 Dioxaoctyl, 3,6,9-trioxadecyl, 3,6,9-trioxa-undecyl, 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatridecyl and 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecyl;
  • N, N-di-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl-amino such as N, N-dimethylamino and N, N-diethylamino.
  • the radicals R 1 to R 9 are each independently hydrogen or Ci-Cis-alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, 1-butyl, 1-pentyl, 1-hexyl, 1-heptyl, 1-octyl, phenyl for 2-hydroxyethyl, for 2-cyanoethyl, for 2- (methoxycarbonyl) ethyl, for 2- (ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl, for 2- (n-butoxycarbonyl) ethyl, for N, N-dimethylamino, for N, N-diethylamino , for chlorine as well as for CH3O-
  • radicals R 1 to R 5 are methyl, ethyl or chlorine and the remaining radicals R 1 to R 5 are hydrogen;
  • R 3 is dimethylamino and the remaining radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen;
  • R 2 is carboxy or carboxamide and the remaining radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen; or
  • R 1 and R 2 or R 2 and R 3 are 1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene and the remaining R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen;
  • R 1 to R 5 are hydrogen
  • radicals R 1 to R 5 are methyl or ethyl and the remaining radicals R 1 to R 5 are hydrogen.
  • pyridinium ions (IIIa) which may be mentioned are 1-methylpyridinium, 1-ethylpyridinium, 1- (1-butyl) pyridinium, 1- (1-hexyl) pyridinium, 1- (1-octyl) -pyridinium, 1 (1-Hexyl) pyridinium, 1- (1-octyl) pyridinium, 1- (1-dodecyl) pyridinium, 1- (1-tetradecyl) pyridinium, 1- (1-hexadecyl) pyridinium, 1, 2-dimethylpyridinium,
  • MIb very particularly preferred pyridazinium ions
  • R 1 to R 4 are hydrogen
  • radicals R 1 to R 4 are methyl or ethyl and the remaining radicals R 1 to R 4 are hydrogen.
  • MIc very particularly preferred pyrimidinium ions
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R 2 to R 4 are independently hydrogen or methyl; or
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R 2 and R 4 are methyl and R 3 is hydrogen.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R 2 to R 4 are independently hydrogen or methyl;
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R 2 and R 4 are methyl and R 3 is hydrogen;
  • R 1 to R 4 are methyl
  • R 1 to R 4 are methyl hydrogen.
  • Imidazoliumionen are those in which R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 1-butyl, 1-pentyl, 1-hexyl, 1-octyl, 1-propen-3-yl, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-cyanoethyl and R 2 to R 4 independently of one another are hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
  • MIe Very particularly preferred imidazolium ions which may be mentioned are 1-methylimidazolium, 1-ethylimidazolium, 1- (1-butyl) -imidazolium, 1- (1-octyl) -imidazolium, 1- (1-dodecyl) -imidazolium, 1- (1-tetradecyl) imidazolium, 1- (1-hexadecyl) -imidazolium, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1- (1-butyl) -3-methylimidazolium, 1- (1-Butyl) -3-ethylimidazolium, 1- (1-hexyl) -3-methylimidazolium, 1- (1-hexyl) -3-ethylimidazolium, 1- (1-hexyl) -3-butyl imidazolium, 1- (1-octyl)
  • MIf very particularly preferred pyrazolium ions
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R 2 to R 4 are independently hydrogen or methyl.
  • MIh very particularly preferred pyrazolium ions
  • R 1 to R 4 are independently hydrogen or methyl.
  • R 1 to R 6 are hydrogen or methyl.
  • IMj 2-pyrazolinium
  • MIj ' 2-pyrazolinium
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and R 2 to R 6 are independently of one another hydrogen or methyl.
  • MIk 3-pyrazolinium
  • IMk ' 3-pyrazolinium
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and R 3 to R 6 are independently hydrogen or methyl.
  • IUI imidazolinium ions
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 1-butyl or phenyl, R 3 and R 4 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen or methyl.
  • Imidazoliniumionen (Ulm) or (MIm ') are those in which
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R 3 to R 6 are independently hydrogen or methyl.
  • R 1 to R 3 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R 4 to R 6 are independently hydrogen or methyl.
  • MIo thiazolium ions
  • MIo ' thiazolium ions
  • MIp oxazolium ions
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen or methyl.
  • MIq 1,2,4-triazolium ions
  • MIq ' 1,2,4-triazolium ions
  • MIq 1,2,4-triazolium ions
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and R 3 is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl.
  • Sir 1,3,3-triazolium ions
  • IMr ' 1,3,3-triazolium ions
  • MIr 1,3,3-triazolium ions
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen or methyl, or R 2 and R 3 together are 1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene.
  • MIs very particularly preferred pyrrolidinium ions
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and R 2 to R 9 are independently hydrogen or methyl.
  • R 1 and R 4 are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and R 2 and R 3 and R 5 to R 8 are independently hydrogen or methyl.
  • MIu ammonium ions
  • R 1 to R 3 are independently of each other Ci-Cis-alkyl
  • R 1 and R 2 together are 1, 5-pentylene or 3-oxa-1, 5-pentylene and R 3 is Ci-Cis-alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-cyanoethyl.
  • ammonium ions may be mentioned methyl tri (1-butyl) -ammonium, N, N-dimethylpiperidinium and N, N-dimethylmorpholinium.
  • tertiary amines of which the quaternary ammonium ions of the general formula (IMu) are derived by quaternization with the radicals R mentioned are diethyl-n-butylamine, diethyl-tert-butylamine, diethyl-n-pentylamine, diethyl hexylamine, diethyloctylamine, diethyl (2-ethylhexyl) amine, di-n-propylbutylamine, di-n-propyl-n-pentylamine, di-n-propylhexylamine, di-n-propyloctylamine, di-n-propyl (2 ethylhexyl) amine, di-isopropylethylamine, di-isopropyl-n-propylamine, di-isopropyl-butylamine, di-isopropylpentylamine, di-iso-propyle
  • Preferred quaternary ammonium ions of the general formula (MIu) are those which are derived from the following tertiary amines by quaternization with the abovementioned radicals R, such as diisopropylethylamine, diethyl-tert-butylamine, diisobutylbutylamine, di-isopropylamine n-butyl-n-pentylamine, N, N-di-n-butylcyclohexylamine and tertiary amines of pentyl isomers.
  • R such as diisopropylethylamine, diethyl-tert-butylamine, diisobutylbutylamine, di-isopropylamine n-butyl-n-pentylamine, N, N-di-n-butylcyclohexylamine and tertiary amines of pentyl isomers.
  • tertiary amines are di-n-butyl-n-pentylamine and tertiary amines of pentyl isomers.
  • Another preferred tertiary amine having three identical residues is triallylamine.
  • MIv guanidinium ions
  • R 1 to R 5 are methyl.
  • guanidinium ion N, N, N ', N', N ", N" - hexamethylguanidinium.
  • MIw cholinium ions
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently methyl, ethyl, 1-butyl or 1-octyl and R 3 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, acetyl, -SO 2 OH or -PO (OH) 2 ;
  • R 1 is methyl, ethyl, 1-butyl or 1-octyl
  • R 2 is a -CH 2 -CH 2 -OR 4 group and R 3 and R 4 are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, acetyl, -SO 2 OH or -PO (OH) 2 ; or
  • R 1 is a -CH 2 -CH 2 -OR 4 group
  • R 2 is a -CH 2 -CH 2 -OR 5 group
  • R 3 to R 5 are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, acetyl, -SO 2 OH or -PO (OH) 2 are.
  • cholinium are those wherein R 3 is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, acetyl, 5-methoxy-3-oxa-pentyl, 8-methoxy-3,6- dioxo-octyl, 1-methoxy-3,6,9-trioxa-undecyl, 7-methoxy-4-oxa-heptyl, 1-methoxy-4,8-dioxa-undecyl, 15-methoxy-4,8, 12-trioxa-pentadecyl, 9-methoxy-5-oxa-nonyl, 14-methoxy-5,10-oxa-tetradecyl, 5-ethoxy-3-oxa-pentyl, 8-ethoxy-3,6-dioxa-octyl, 11-ethoxy-3,6,9-trioxa-undecyl, 7-ethoxy-4-oxa-h
  • MIx phosphonium ions
  • R 1 to R 3 are independently C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular butyl, isobutyl, 1-hexyl or 1-octyl.
  • the pyridinium ions, pyrazolinium, pyrazolium ions and imidazolinium and imidazole ions are preferred.
  • ammonium ions are preferred.
  • the anion [Y] n - the ionic liquid is for example selected from
  • R 3 SiO 3 3 " R a R b Si0 2 2 -, R a R b R c SiC-, R a R b R c Si0 3 -, R a R b R c Si0 2 -, R a R b Si0 3 2 "
  • R a , R b , R c and R d independently of one another are each hydrogen, C 1 -C 30 -alkyl, if appropriate by one or more non-adjacent oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted Te imino groups interrupted C2-Ci8-alkyl, C6-Ci 4 -aryl, C5-Ci2-cycloalkyl or a five- to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur-containing heterocycle, wherein two of them together an unsaturated, saturated or aromatic, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more unsubstituted or substituted imino groups interrupted ring, said radicals each additionally by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles can be substituted.
  • Ci-cis-alkyl for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, Pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, heptadyl, octadecyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,1,3, 3-tetramethylbutyl, benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl, benzhydryl, p-tolylmethyl, 1- (p-cis-alkyl), for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert
  • C2-Ci8-alkyl for example, 5-hydroxy-3-oxapentyl, 8-hydroxy-3,6- dioxaoctyl, 11-hydroxy-3,6,9-trioxaundecyl, 7-hydroxy-4-oxaheptyl, 1-hydroxy-4,8-dioxaundecyl, 15-hydroxy-4,8,12-trioxapentadecyl, 9-hydroxy-5 oxa-nonyl, 14-hydroxy-5,10-oxatetradecyl, 5-methoxy-3-oxapentyl, 8-methoxy-3,6-dioxa-octyl, 1-methoxy-3,6,9-trioxaundecyl, 7- Methoxy-4-oxaheptyl, 11-meth
  • radicals can be taken together, for example, as fused building block 1, 3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 2-oxa-1,3-propylene, 1-oxa-1,3-propylene, 2-oxa -1, 3-propenylene, 1-aza-1, 3-propenylene, 1-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl-1-aza-1, 3-propenylene, 1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene, 1-aza -1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene or 2-aza-1,4-buta-1,3-dienylene.
  • the number of non-adjacent oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or imino groups is basically not limited, or is automatically limited by the size of the remainder or of the ring building block. As a rule, it is not more than 5 in the respective radical, preferably not more than 4 or very particularly preferably not more than 3. Furthermore, at least one, preferably at least two, carbon atoms (e) are generally present between two heteroatoms.
  • Substituted and unsubstituted imino groups may be, for example, imino, methylimino, iso-propylimino, n-butylimino or tert-butylimino.
  • the term "functional groups" is to be understood as meaning, for example, the following: carboxy, carboxamide, hydroxy, di- (C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) -amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkyloxy-carbonyl, cyano or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy C 1 -C 4 -alkyl methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl.
  • C6-C4-aryl substituted by functional groups are, for example, phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI, ⁇ -naphthyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, 4-diphenylyl, chlorophenyl, dichlorophenyl nyl, trichlorophenyl, difluorophenyl, methylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, trimethylphenyl, ethylphenyl, diethylphenyl, iso-propylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, hexyloxyphenyl, methylnaphthyl, isopropylsaphthyl, chlor
  • C5-C12-cycloalkyl which is substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles are, for example, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, cyclododecyl, methylcyclopentyl, dimethylcyclopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, diethylcyclohexyl, butylcyclohexyl, methoxycyclohexyl, Dimethoxycyclohexyl, diethoxycyclohexyl, butylthiocyclohexyl, chlorocyclohexyl, dichlorocyclohexyl, dichlorocyclopentyl and a saturated or unsaturated bicyclic system such as norbornyl or norbornenyl.
  • a five- to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur-containing heterocycle is, for example, furyl, thiophenyl, pyrryl, pyridyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, dioxolyl, dioxy, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, dimethylpyridyl, methylquinolyl, dimethylpyrryl, methoxyfuryl, dimethoxypyridyl , Difluoropyridyl, methylthiophenyl, isopropylthiophenyl or tert-butylthiophenyl.
  • Preferred anions are selected from the group of halides, the group of halogen-containing compounds and pseudohalides, the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates, the group of phosphates, and the group of carboxylic acids, in particular from the group of halides, the group of halogen-containing compounds. compounds and the pseudohalogens, the group of carboxylic acids, the group containing SO 4 2 " , SO 3 2" , R 3 OSO 3 " and R 3 SO 3 -, and the group containing PO 4 3" and R 3 R 0 PO 4 -.
  • Particularly preferred anions are chloride, bromide, iodide, SCN, OCN, CN, acetate, propionate, benzoate, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfates, R 3 -CO 2 " , R 3 SO 3 -, R 3 R b PO 4 , Methanesulfonate, tosylate or di- (Ci-C 4 -alkyl) phosphates.
  • Particularly preferred anions are Ch, CH 3 COO, C 2 H 5 COO, C 6 H 5 COO, CH 3 SO 3 " , (CH 3 O) 2 PO 2 - or (C 2 H 5 O) 2 PO 2 -
  • ionic liquids are used whose anions are selected from the group of halogen-containing compounds and pseudohalogens, the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates, the group of phosphates, and the group of carboxylic acids, in particular from the group of carboxylic acids, the group containing SO 4 2 " , SO 3 2" , R 3 OSO 3 - and R 3 SO 3 -, and the group containing PO 4 3 " and R 3 R b PO 4 -.
  • preferred anions are SCN, OCN, CN, acetate, propionate, benzoate, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfates, R 3 -C00 " , R 3 SO 3 -, R 3 R b PO 4 -, methanesulfonate, Tosylate or di- (Ci-C 4 -alkyl) phosphates.
  • Particularly preferred anions are CH 3 COO, C 2 H 5 COO, C 6 H 5 COO, CH 3 SO 3 " , (CH 3 O) 2 PO 2 - or (C 2 H 5 O) 2 PO 2 -
  • ionic liquids are used whose anions are selected from the group of halides.
  • Preferred anion is in particular chloride.
  • ionic liquids are used whose anions are selected from the group comprising HSO 4 " , HPO 4 2" , H 2 PO 4 " and HR 3 PO 4 -, in particular HSO 4 -.
  • an ionic liquid of the formula I is used or a mixture of ionic liquids of the formula I, preferably an ionic liquid of the formula I is used.
  • step A) the targeted degradation of the cellulose is carried out in the presence of an acid, optionally with the addition of water (step A1) or at elevated temperature, if appropriate in the presence of water (step A2).
  • step A1 acids, inorganic acids, organic acids or mixtures thereof can be used as acids.
  • inorganic acids are hydrogen halides, such as HF, HCl, HBr or Hl, perhalogenic acids such as HCIO 4 , halogen acids such as HCIO3, sulfur-containing acids such as HaSO 4 , polysulfuric acid or H2SO3, nitrogen-containing acids such as HNO3, or Phosphorus-containing acids, such as
  • HaPO 4 polyphosphoric acid or H 3 PO 3
  • hydrogen halide acids such as HCl or HBr, HaSO 4 , HN ⁇ 3 ⁇ der HsPO 4 are used, in particular HCl, H 2 SO 4 or H 3 PO 4 .
  • organic acids are carboxylic acids, such as C 1 -C 6 -alkanecarboxylic acids, for example acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butanecarboxylic acid or pivalic acid,
  • Polycarboxylic acids for example succinic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid,
  • Hydroxycarboxylic acids for example hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, malic acid or citric acid,
  • Halogenated carboxylic acids for example Ci-C ⁇ -haloalkanecarboxylic acids, e.g. Fluoroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, difluoroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, chlorofluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, 2-chloropropionic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or perfluorobutane carboxylic acid,
  • Ci-C ⁇ -haloalkanecarboxylic acids e.g. Fluoroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, difluoroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, chlorofluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, 2-chloropropionic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or perfluorobutane carboxylic acid,
  • Aromatic carboxylic acids for example arylcarboxylic acids, such as benzoic acid;
  • C 1 -C 6 -alkanesulfonic acids for example methanesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid,
  • Halogenated sulfonic acids for example C 1 -C 8 -haloalkanesulfonic acids, such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid,
  • Aromatic sulfonic acids for example arylsulfonic acids, such as benzenesulfonic acid or 4-methylphenylsulfonic acid.
  • C 1 -C 6 -alkanecarboxylic acids for example acetic acid or propionic acid
  • halogenated carboxylic acids for example C 1 -C 6 -haloalkanecarboxylic acids, e.g.
  • Fluoroacetic acid chloroacetic acid, difluoroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, chlorofluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid or perfluoropropionic acid, or sulfonic acids, such as C 1 -C 6 alkanesulfonic acids, for example methanesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, halogenated sulfonic acids, for example C 1 -C 6 -haloalkanesulfonic acids, such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, or arylsulfonic acids, such as benzenesulfonic acid or 4-Methylphenylsulfonklad.
  • sulfonic acids such as C 1 -C 6 alkanesulfonic acids, for example methanesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, halogenated sulfonic acids, for example C 1 -
  • acetic acid chlorofluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or 4-methyl-phenylsulfonic acid are used.
  • the acid used is sulfuric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid or 4-methylphenyl used sulfonic acid. If 4-methylphenylsulfonic acid monohydrate is used, there is already one equivalent of water present.
  • ionic liquids and acids are used whose anions are identical.
  • these anions are acetate, trifluoroacetate, chloride or bromide; especially preferred acetate; also particularly preferred chloride.
  • ionic liquids and acids are used whose anions are not identical.
  • step B acylating agents are used.
  • Acylating agents in the context of the present invention are carboxylic acid derivatives and also ketenes and diketenes.
  • Carboxylic acid derivatives in the context of the present invention are carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula IV
  • R x , R x ' H d-Cao-alkyl, C 2 -C 3 o-alkenyl, C 2 -C 3 O-Al kinyl, C 3 -C 2 -cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 2 -cycloalkenyl, aryl or heterocyclyl, where these seven latter radicals may be optionally substituted;
  • X is halogen, imidazol-1-yl or O-COR x ' .
  • Ketenes for the purposes of the present invention are ketylenes of the formula Va and diketenes for the purposes of the present invention are diketenes of the formula Vb1 or mixed diketenes of the formula Vb2,
  • R y, R y ', R z, R z' is hydrogen, Ci-C 3 -alkyl, C 2 -C 3 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 3 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 2 - cycloalkyl, C5 -Ci 2 -cycloalkenyl, aryl or heterocyclyl, where the seven last-mentioned radicals may optionally be substituted;
  • alkyl radicals for R x, R x ', y R, y R', R z and R are substituted Ci-C z 'in particular, unsubstituted Ci-C 3 -alkyl groups or by functional groups, Aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, cycloalkyl, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles substituted Ci-C 3 o-alkyl radicals, preferably Ci-C 3 o-alkyl radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, 1- Propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 2-he
  • Methoxy-4,8-dioxa-undecyl 15-methoxy-4,8,12-trioxa-pentadecyl, 9-methoxy-5-oxo-nonyl, 14-methoxy-5,10-dioxa-tetradecyl, 5-ethoxy 3-oxa-pentyl, 8-ethoxy-3,6-dioxo-octyl, 1-ethoxy-3,6,9-trioxa-undecyl, 7-ethoxy-4-oxa-heptyl, 1-ethoxy-4, 8-dioxa- undecyl, 15-ethoxy-4,8,12-trioxa-pentadecyl, 9-ethoxy-5-oxa-nonyl or 14-ethoxy-5,10-oxa-tetradecyl.
  • C 2 -C 3 o-alkenyl radicals for R x , R x ' , R y , R y' , R z or R z ' are in particular unsubstituted C 2 -C 30 -alkenyl radicals or by functional groups, Aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, cycloalkyl, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles substituted C2-C3o-alkenyl radicals, preferably C2-C3o-alkenyl radicals, such as vinyl, 2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, cis- 2-butenyl or trans-2-butenyl, more preferably vinyl or 2-propenyl; or C 2 -C 30 -alkenyl radicals which are preferably substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, cycloalkyl, halogen, heteroatoms and / or
  • C 2 -C 3 o-alkynyl radicals for R x , R x ' , R y , R y' , R z or R z ' are in particular unsubstituted C 2 -C 30 -alkynyl radicals or by functional groups, Aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, cycloalkyl, halogen, heteroatoms and / or
  • C2-C3o-alkynyl radicals called, preferably C2-C3o-alkynyl radicals, such as ethynyl, 1-propyn-3-yl, 1-
  • R z ' are in particular unsubstituted Cs-C ⁇ -cycloalkyl radicals or by functional Ie groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, cycloalkyl, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles called substituted C3-Ci2-cycloalkyl radicals, preferably C3-Ci2-cycloalkyl radicals, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl , Cyclododecyl, methylcyclopentyl, dimethylcyclopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, diethylcyclohexyl or butylcyclohexyl, and bicyclic systems such as norbornyl, preferably cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; or preferably substituted by functional groups, aryl, al
  • C 5 -C 2 -cycloalkenyl radicals for R x , R x ' , R y , R y' , R z and R z ' are in particular unsubstituted Ca-C ⁇ -cycloalkenyl radicals or by functional groups, aryl , Alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, cycloalkyl, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles called substituted Ca-Cs-cycloalkenyl radicals, preferably Ca-Cs-cycloalkenyl radicals, such as 3-cyclopentenyl, 2-cyclohexenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 2 , 5-Cyclohexadienyl, and bicyclic system such as norbornyl, more preferably 3-cyclopentenyl, 2-cyclohexenyl or 3-cyclohexenyl; or preferably Ca-C ⁇ -cycloalkenyl substituted by functional groups
  • aryl radicals for R x , R x ' , R y , R y' , R z or R z ' are in particular unsubstituted C6-Ci2-aryl radicals or by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy , Cycloalkyl, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles are called substituted C6-Ci2-aryl radicals, preferably C6-Ci2-aryl radicals, such as phenyl, ⁇ -naphthyl or ß-naphthyl, more preferably phenyl; or preferably C6-C12-aryl radicals substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, cycloalkyl, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles, such as ToIyI, XyIyI, 4-diphenylyl, chloropheny
  • heterocyclyl radicals which may be mentioned are unsubstituted heteroaryl radicals or heteroaryl radicals which are substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, cycloalkyl, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles, preferably 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl Radicals which contain oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur atoms, such as furyl, thiophenyl, pyrryl, pyridyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, dioxolyl, dioxyl, benzimidazolyl or benzothiazolyl; or preferably by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, cycloalkyl, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl radicals having oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur atoms, such as methylpyridy , Di
  • carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula IV are used.
  • carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula IV are used, where the radicals have the following meanings:
  • R x , R x ' are hydrogen or C 1 -C 30 -alkyl
  • X is halogen or O-COR X ' .
  • R x is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, preferably hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl; particularly preferably methyl, ethyl or butyl; X is halogen, preferably chloride.
  • carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula IV are used, the radicals having the following meanings:
  • R x is 1-decyl, 1-dodecyl, 1-tetradecyl or 1-hexadecyl;
  • X is halogen, preferably chloride.
  • R x ., R x ' is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, preferably hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl; particularly preferably methyl, ethyl or butyl;
  • carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula IV are used, the radicals having the following meanings:
  • R x is 1-decyl, 1-dodecyl, 1-tetradecyl or 1-hexadecyl;
  • ketenes of the formula Va are used.
  • ketenes of the formula Va are used, where the radicals have the following meanings:
  • R y is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, preferably hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl; particularly preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; most preferably hydrogen; R z is hydrogen.
  • ketenes of the formula Va are used, where the radicals have the following meanings:
  • R y is 1-decyl, 1-dodecyl, 1-tetradecyl or 1-hexadecyl;
  • R z is hydrogen
  • diketenes of the formula Vb1 are used.
  • diketenes of the formula Vb1 are used, where the radicals have the following meanings:
  • R y is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, preferably hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, particularly preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, in particular hydrogen;
  • R z is hydrogen
  • diketenes of the formula Vb1 where the radicals have the following meanings:
  • R y is 1-decyl, 1-dodecyl, 1-tetradecyl or 1-hexadecyl;
  • R z is hydrogen
  • mixed diketenes of the formula Vb2 are used.
  • mixed diketenes of the formula Vb2 are used, where the radicals have the following meanings:
  • R y , R y is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, in particular hydrogen;
  • R z , R z ' is hydrogen.
  • diketenes of the formula Vb2 be used, where the radicals have the following meanings: R y , R y 'is 1-decyl, 1-dodecyl, 1-tetradecyl or 1-hexadecyl
  • R z , R z ' is hydrogen.
  • Celluloses from a variety of sources such as e.g. cotton, flax, ramie, straw, bacteria etc., or wood or bagasse, in the cellulose-enriched form.
  • cellulose in the process according to the invention, however, not only cellulose can be used, but generally a poly- or an oligosaccharide.
  • polysaccharides besides cellulose and hemicellulose, include starch, glycogen, dextran and tunicin.
  • these include the polycondensates of D-fructose, such as inulin, and u.a. Chitin and alginic acid. The corresponding explanations apply accordingly.
  • a polysaccharide e.g. Cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, glycogen, dextran, tunicin, inulin, chitin or alginic acid, preferably cellulose.
  • a solution of cellulose in ionic liquid is prepared.
  • concentration of cellulose can be varied within wide ranges. Usually, it is in the range of 0.1 to 50 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the solution, preferably 0.2 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.3 to 30 wt .-% and particularly preferably at 0.5 to 20% by weight.
  • This dissolution process can be carried out at room temperature or under heating, but above the melting or softening temperature of the ionic liquid, usually at a temperature of 0 to 200 ° C, preferably at 20 to 180 ° C, particularly preferably at 50 to 150 ° C. , But it is also possible to accelerate the dissolution process by intensive stirring or mixing and by entry of microwave or ultrasonic energy or by combining them.
  • step A1) This solution is now used in step A1) or in step A2).
  • step A1) the targeted degradation in the presence of an acid, optionally carried out with the addition of water.
  • acids inorganic acids, organic acids or mixtures thereof are used, as described above.
  • ionic liquids and acids are used whose anions are identical.
  • these anions are acetate, trifluoroacetate, chloride or bromide.
  • ionic liquids and acids are used whose anions are not identical.
  • the cellulose is dissolved in the ionic liquid.
  • the acid and optionally water is added.
  • the addition of water may be necessary if the adhering to the cellulose used water is not sufficient to achieve the desired degree of degradation.
  • the proportion of water in conventional cellulose is in the range from 5 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the cellulose used (cellulose per se + adhering water).
  • the corresponding stoichiometrically necessary amounts of water and acid are added, which are necessary to achieve a corresponding DP value.
  • the ionic liquid, acid and possibly water are premixed and the cellulose is dissolved in this mixture.
  • Suitable solvents are those which do not adversely affect the solubility of the cellulose, such as aprotic-dipolar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or sulfolane.
  • the reaction mixture contains less than 5 wt .-%, preferably less than 2 wt .-%, in particular less than 0.1 wt .-% of other solvents, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture.
  • the hydrolysis is usually carried out at a temperature of the melting point of ionic liquid to 200 ° C, preferably from 20 to 180 ° C, in particular from 50 to 150 ° C.
  • reaction is carried out at ambient pressure.
  • overpressure especially when volatile acids are used.
  • the reaction is carried out in air. But it is also possible under inert gas, so for example under N2, a noble gas or a mixture thereof to work.
  • the amount of acid used, the water to be added if necessary, in each case in relation to the cellulose used, the reaction time and optionally the reaction temperature is set.
  • the amount of water used and acid used is usually adjusted in accordance with the degree of degradation ( ⁇ A ⁇ - hydroglucose units / acid> 1). J ⁇ greater than the quotient nAnhydroglucoseechen / nSaure is, d ⁇ StO lower will be under otherwise the same reaction conditions and the same reaction time, the average degradation of cellulose. The larger the quotient nAnhydrogiu ⁇ seem- omme / nwasser, the lower will be under otherwise the same reaction conditions and the same reaction time, the average degradation of cellulose.
  • Suitable bases include both inorganic bases, e.g. Alkali hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, but also organic bases such as e.g. Amines, which are used in stoichiometric ratio to the acid or in excess.
  • a hydroxide can be used as the base, which is characterized in that its cation corresponds to that of the ionic liquid used.
  • step A2) can also be carried out.
  • the cellulose is optionally treated with the addition of water at elevated temperature.
  • the degradation is usually carried out at temperatures of 50 ° C to 200 ° C, preferably from 80 to 180 ° C, in particular from 50 to 150 ° C.
  • Suitable ionic liquids are those whose anions are selected from the group of halides, the group of halogen-containing compounds, the group of carboxylic acids, the group containing SO 4 2 " , SO 3 2" , R a " OSO 3 - and R 3 SO 3 " , as well as the group containing PO 4 3" and R a R b PO 4 " .
  • Preferred anions here are chloride, bromide, iodide, SCN “, OCN", CN “, acetate, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfates, R a -COO " , R 3 SO 3 " , R a R b PO 4 " , Methanesulfonate, tosylate or C 1 -C 4 -dialkylphosphates; and particularly preferred anions are Cl “, CH 3 COO,” C2H5COO ", C 6 H 5 COO,” CH 3 SO 3 ", (CH 3 O) 2 PO 2 - or (C 2 H 5 O) 2 PO 2 -
  • ionic liquids which have acidic character, then it is also possible to lower the reaction temperature. Particular preference is given here to ionic liquids whose anions are selected from the group comprising HSO 4 -, HPO 4 2 " , H 2 PO 4 - and HR 3 PO 4 -, in particular HSO 4 -.
  • reactions in these ionic liquids are carried out at a temperature of from 0 to 150 ° C., preferably from 20 to 150 ° C., in particular from 50 to 150 ° C.
  • the preparation of the reaction solution and the degradation are carried out at the same temperature.
  • the preparation of the reaction solution and the degradation are carried out at different temperatures.
  • reaction is carried out in air. But it is also possible under inert gas, so for example, under N 2 , a noble gases or mixtures thereof, to work.
  • reaction time and the reaction temperature are adjusted.
  • water is added, preferably in substoichiometric amounts, or an excess of water is used and the reaction is stopped.
  • the amounts of water used are usually adjusted in accordance with the degree of degradation (n-anhydroglucose units) > 1).
  • Suitable solvents are those which do not adversely affect the solubility of the cellulose, such as aprotic dipolar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or sulfolane.
  • the reaction mixture contains less than 5 wt .-%, preferably less than 2 wt .-%, in particular less than 0.1 wt .-% of other solvents, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture.
  • step B The solution thus obtained is now used in step B).
  • the acylating agent is added to the solution obtained from step A).
  • the carboxylic acid derivative of the formula IV or the ketene of the formula V can be added in bulk, dissolved in an ionic liquid or in a suitable solvent.
  • suitable solvents are, for example, ethers, such as diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, terahydrofuran or dioxane, or ketones, such as dimethyl ketone, or halogenated hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane or dichloroethane.
  • the amount of solvent used to dissolve the carboxylic acid derivative of formula IV or the ketene of formula V should be such that no precipitation of the cellulose occurs upon addition.
  • ionic liquid is preferably the one in which the cellulose itself - as described above - is dissolved.
  • carboxylic acid derivative of the formula IV or the ketene of the formula V is gaseous, this can be gassed into the solution of cellulose in the ionic liquid.
  • the carboxylic acid derivative of the formula IV or the ketene of the formula V is added in substance.
  • the carboxylic acid derivative of the formula IV or the ketene of the formula V is added dissolved in an ionic liquid, with particular preference being given to using the ionic liquid which is also used to dissolve the cellulose.
  • Suitable solvents are those solvents which do not adversely affect the solubility of the cellulose, such as aprotic dipolar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or sulfolane.
  • aprotic dipolar solvents for example dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or sulfolane.
  • nitrogen-containing bases such as pyridine, etc., can also be added.
  • the reaction mixture in addition to the ionic liquid and optionally the solvent in which the carboxylic acid derivative of the formula IV or the ketene of the formula V is dissolved, contains less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, in particular less than 0.1% by weight, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture, of further solvents and / or additional nitrogen-containing bases.
  • the teriary amine, the aromatic nitrogen base or the mixtures thereof are usually used in a stoichiometric ratio. On a case-by-case basis, an excess or a deficit can also be beneficial.
  • ketenes of the formula V are used as the acylating agent, it is also possible to carry out the acylation according to the invention in the presence of a catalyst.
  • a catalyst Suitable for this purpose are the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of C 1 -C 4 -alkane carboxylic acids or of benzoic acid. Examples of these are sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium propionate, potassium propionate, sodium benzoate or potassium benzoate, preferably sodium acetate.
  • the acids themselves ie the C 1 -C 4 -alkanecarboxylic acids or benzoic acid.
  • the catalyst is usually used in amounts of up to 10 mol%, preferably up to 8 mol%, based on the ketene of the formula V.
  • the reaction is usually carried out at a temperature of the melting point of the ionic liquid up to 200 ° C., preferably from 20 to 180 ° C., in particular 50 up to 150 ° C performed.
  • the reaction is usually carried out at ambient pressure. However, it may also be advantageous on a case-by-case basis to work at overpressure, in particular when a volatile carboxylic acid derivative of the formula IV or ketene of the formula V is used. As a rule, the reaction is carried out in air. But it is also possible under inert gas, so for example under N2, a noble gas or mixtures thereof, to work.
  • the amount of acylating agent used - in each case in relation to the cellulose used - the reaction time and optionally the reaction temperature is set.
  • the amount of acylating agent used is usually adjusted (acylating agent / anhydrogucose units ⁇ 3). The smaller the quotient of the acylating agent (s) anhydroglucose units, the lower will be the average degree of substitution of the acylated cellulose under otherwise identical conditions and the same reaction time.
  • acylated cellulose it is possible to terminate the acylation reaction when the desired degree of acylation is achieved by separating the acylated cellulose from the reaction mixture.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by adding an excess of water or other suitable solvent in which the acylated cellulose is not soluble but the ionic liquid is readily soluble, e.g. a lower alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol, or with a ketone, for example diethyl ketone, etc., or mixtures thereof.
  • suitable solvent is also determined by the particular degree of substitution and the substituents of the cellulose.
  • an excess of water or methanol is used.
  • the work-up of the reaction mixture is usually carried out by precipitating the acylated cellulose as described above and filtering off the acylated cellulose. But it is also possible to carry out the separation by centrifugation. From the filtrate or the centrifugate can be recovered by conventional methods, the ionic liquid keits by the volatile components, such. the precipitant, or excess acylating agent (or reaction products and / or hydrolysis products of the acylating agent), etc. are distilled off. The remaining ionic liquid can be reused in the process according to the invention.
  • reaction mixture in water or in another suitable solvent in which the acylated cellulose is insoluble, the ionic Liquid, however, is slightly soluble, such as a lower alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol, or a ketone, such as diethyl ketone, etc., or mixtures thereof, initiate and depending on the embodiment, for example, fibers to obtain films of acylated cellulose.
  • the choice of the suitable solvent is also determined by the respective degree of substitution and the substituents of the cellulose.
  • the filtrate is worked up as described above.
  • the termination of the acylation reaction can also be carried out in such a way that acylating agent still present at a given time is removed from the reaction mixture by distillation, stripping or extraction with a solvent which forms two phases with the ionic liquid.
  • two or more acylating agents are used.
  • a mixture of two (or more) carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula IV or ketenes of the formula V can be used in analogy to the above procedure.
  • acylated celluloses are obtained which carry two (or more) different acyl groups (depending on the acylating agent used).
  • the ionic liquid is recycled, in one embodiment the ionic liquid is purified, for example, freed from the precipitant, optionally added further solvents, hydrolysis and degradation products of the acylating agent, etc., and used again in step A) , in a further embodiment, the ionic liquid, which can be up to 15
  • Wt .-% preferably up to 10 wt .-%, in particular up to 5 wt .-% of precipitant (s), etc. as described above contains, are used in step A). This may, however, be necessary on a case-by-case basis, for example if the precipitant carries free hydroxy groups, the solution obtained in step A), before it is used in step B), is freed from precipitants still present, for example by still adding existing precipitant, etc. is distilled off, or it is a corresponding excess of acylating agent used.
  • the process can be carried out batchwise, semicontinuously or continuously.
  • silicates and silicic acid esters of the general formula: SiO 4 4 " , HSiO 4 3" , H 2 SiO 4 2 -, H 3 SiO 4 -, R 3 SiO 4 3 " , R 3 R b Si0 4 2 -, R 3 R b R c Si0 4 -, HR 3 SiO 4 2 " , H 2 R 3 SiO 4 " , HR 3 R b Si0 4 -
  • the ionic liquids were dried overnight at 120 ° C and 0.05 mbar with stirring.
  • Linters DP 3250
  • BMIM Cl BMIM Cl

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'acylation de poly- ou d'oligosaccharides, par dilution d'un poly- ou oligosaccharide, dans au moins un liquide ionique et à l'étape A) par traitement avec au moins un acide en ajoutant éventuellement de l'eau, (étape A1), ou en ajoutant éventuellement de l'eau à température élevée (étape A2), et à l'étape B), le poly- ou oligosaccharide ainsi obtenu, dont le point de rosée est inférieur à celui du poly- ou oligosaccharide utilisé, est converti avec un agent acylant.
EP07730255A 2006-06-30 2007-06-20 Procédé d'acylation de la cellulose avec un degré de polymérisation moyen ciblé Withdrawn EP2038307A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610030696 DE102006030696A1 (de) 2006-06-30 2006-06-30 Verfahren zur Acylierung von Cellulose mit gezieltem durchschnittlichen Polymerisationsgrad
DE200610042892 DE102006042892A1 (de) 2006-09-09 2006-09-09 Verfahren zur Acylierung von Cellulose mit gezieltem durchschnittlichen Polymerisationsgrad
PCT/EP2007/056105 WO2008000666A1 (fr) 2006-06-30 2007-06-20 Procédé d'acylation de la cellulose avec un degré de polymérisation moyen ciblé

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EP2038307A1 true EP2038307A1 (fr) 2009-03-25

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US (1) US20090182138A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2008000666A1 (fr)

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WO2008098036A1 (fr) 2007-02-06 2008-08-14 North Carolina State University Préparation et récupération d'un produit issu de la thermolyse de matières lignocellulosiques dans des liquides ioniques
US20080188636A1 (en) * 2007-02-06 2008-08-07 North Carolina State University Polymer derivatives and composites from the dissolution of lignocellulosics in ionic liquids
US8182557B2 (en) 2007-02-06 2012-05-22 North Carolina State University Use of lignocellulosics solvated in ionic liquids for production of biofuels
US9834516B2 (en) * 2007-02-14 2017-12-05 Eastman Chemical Company Regioselectively substituted cellulose esters produced in a carboxylated ionic liquid process and products produced therefrom
US7919631B2 (en) * 2007-02-14 2011-04-05 Eastman Chemical Company Production of ionic liquids
US10174129B2 (en) 2007-02-14 2019-01-08 Eastman Chemical Company Regioselectively substituted cellulose esters produced in a carboxylated ionic liquid process and products produced therefrom
WO2009087184A1 (fr) * 2008-01-09 2009-07-16 Basf Se Procédé de traitement de liquides ioniques
US8188267B2 (en) * 2008-02-13 2012-05-29 Eastman Chemical Company Treatment of cellulose esters
US8158777B2 (en) 2008-02-13 2012-04-17 Eastman Chemical Company Cellulose esters and their production in halogenated ionic liquids
US8354525B2 (en) 2008-02-13 2013-01-15 Eastman Chemical Company Regioselectively substituted cellulose esters produced in a halogenated ionic liquid process and products produced therefrom
US9777074B2 (en) 2008-02-13 2017-10-03 Eastman Chemical Company Regioselectively substituted cellulose esters produced in a halogenated ionic liquid process and products produced therefrom
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US8884003B2 (en) * 2010-01-15 2014-11-11 Basf Se Method of chlorinating polysaccharides or oligosaccharides
JP5808756B2 (ja) 2010-01-15 2015-11-10 ビーエイエスエフ・ソシエタス・エウロパエアＢａｓｆ Ｓｅ 多糖またはオリゴ糖の塩素化方法
US8980050B2 (en) 2012-08-20 2015-03-17 Celanese International Corporation Methods for removing hemicellulose
US8729253B2 (en) 2011-04-13 2014-05-20 Eastman Chemical Company Cellulose ester optical films
US8986501B2 (en) 2012-08-20 2015-03-24 Celanese International Corporation Methods for removing hemicellulose
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CN106835784B (zh) * 2016-12-21 2018-02-23 齐鲁工业大学 一种在AmimCl体系中制备纳米纤维素的方法

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US20090182138A1 (en) 2009-07-16

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