EP2037476A1 - Electromagnetic actuator and switching device equipped with such an electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator and switching device equipped with such an electromagnetic actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2037476A1
EP2037476A1 EP08354050A EP08354050A EP2037476A1 EP 2037476 A1 EP2037476 A1 EP 2037476A1 EP 08354050 A EP08354050 A EP 08354050A EP 08354050 A EP08354050 A EP 08354050A EP 2037476 A1 EP2037476 A1 EP 2037476A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gap
air gap
actuator according
movable
magnetic
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Granted
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EP08354050A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2037476B1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Cartier Millon
Christian Bataille
Philippe Pruvost
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2037476A1 publication Critical patent/EP2037476A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H53/00—Relays using the dynamo-electric effect, i.e. relays in which contacts are opened or closed due to relative movement of current-carrying conductor and magnetic field caused by force of interaction between them
    • H01H53/01—Details
    • H01H53/015—Moving coils; Contact-driving arrangements associated therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for use in an electrical switch device, and in particular in a relay type device, contactor or circuit breaker contactor.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical switch device comprising at least one fixed contact cooperating with at least one movable contact for switching the supply of an electric load.
  • EP1655755 describes such an electromagnetic actuator for electrical switch device.
  • the force exerted on the moving part is mainly a Laplace force which results from the variation of the mutual inductance between the magnet assembly and the excitation coil.
  • This Laplace force is generally proportional to the intensity of the current in the excitation coil and to the induction generated by the magnet assembly.
  • the force exerted on the moving part is also a magnetic force causing a change in the reluctance due to the variation of the thickness of the air gap of variable thickness between the open and closed positions.
  • a disadvantage of this type of actuator is that the force exerted on the moving part is not optimized, which leads to a decrease in the operating efficiency.
  • the actuator according to the invention is characterized in that the magnet assembly is mounted facing the second air gap surface so that, whatever the position of the moving part, the residual magnetic gap is always formed between the second gap surface of the ferromagnetic element of the movable portion and a corresponding air gap surface of the magnet assembly, and in that the at least one magnet of the magnet assembly is mounted on one face of the ferromagnetic yoke and extends substantially over the entire dimension parallel to the axis of displacement of said face.
  • the ferromagnetic yoke comprises a base, at least one lateral flank and a fixed central core, the at least one magnet of the magnet assembly being mounted on one side of said flanks and extending over substantially the entire dimension parallel to the flange. axis of displacement of said flanks.
  • the excitation coil is fixedly mounted on the fixed part.
  • the excitation coil is fixedly mounted on the moving part.
  • the excitation coil is mounted so as to surround the gap of variable thickness.
  • the ferromagnetic element of the mobile part comprises a mobile central core, the first gap surface being formed on said core.
  • the ferromagnetic element of the mobile part comprises at least one lateral part, the second air gap surface being formed on said lateral part.
  • the first air gap surface and the corresponding air gap surface of the ferromagnetic yoke forming the magnetic gap of variable thickness have two intersecting planes.
  • the actuator comprises a single magnetic single gap of variable thickness.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical switch device comprising at least one fixed contact cooperating with at least one movable contact to switch the supply of an electric charge, said apparatus comprising at least one electromagnetic actuator according to one of the preceding claims for actuating the at least one moving contact.
  • the figure 1 represents a simplified longitudinal section of a first embodiment of an actuator according to the invention in the open position.
  • the figure 2 represents the actuator of the figure 1 in closed position.
  • the figure 3 schematically represents a variant with respect to the mode of figures 1 and 2 .
  • the figure 4 represents a simplified longitudinal section of a second embodiment of an actuator according to the invention in the open position.
  • the figure 5 schematically represents a variant with respect to the mode of figure 4 .
  • the figure 6 represents a simplified longitudinal section of a particular embodiment according to the invention.
  • an actuator 11 of a switchgear comprises a fixed part 12 comprising a ferromagnetic yoke 13 having the shape of a "U" with two lateral flanks 14, 15, a base 16 and a fixed central core 17.
  • an excitation coil 21 is fixedly mounted on the fixed part 12 so as to surround the fixed central core 17.
  • This coil is associated with unrepresented control means of an electric control current for controlling the position and the speed of the moving part.
  • the moving part 22 essentially consists of a ferromagnetic element 23 comprising a movable central core 24 and two lateral parts 25. This movable part can move along a longitudinal axis of displacement 26 between a closed position, as represented in FIG. figure 2 , and an open position, as shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the actuator 11 also comprises a magnet assembly consisting of two magnets 31, 32 for moving the moving part 22 when an electric control current passes through the excitation coil 21.
  • the magnets are fixed on a face 33 of the inner wall lateral flanks 14, 15 and extend in a direction parallel to the axis of displacement 26.
  • the magnets are mounted symmetrically with respect to the axis of displacement 26.
  • the magnetization axes of the magnets 31, 32 are perpendicular and symmetrical with respect to the axis of displacement 26, and they are indifferently directed either towards this axis of displacement, or the opposite of this same axis.
  • the magnetic circuit of the actuator 11 comprises a magnetic gap of variable thickness 34 formed between a first air gap surface 35 of the ferromagnetic element 23 of the mobile part 22 and an associated air gap surface of the ferromagnetic yoke 13 of the fixed part 12, the two surfaces being vis-à-vis.
  • the magnetic circuit of the actuator consists of two halves symmetrical with respect to the axis of displacement 26. Each magnetic circuit half has a residual magnetic gap 36, 37 of substantially constant thickness. This residual air gap is formed between a second air gap surface 38, 39 substantially parallel to the axis of displacement 26 and a corresponding air gap surface of the fixed part. This residual gap makes it possible in particular not to saturate the magnetic circuit when the moving part is in a closed position.
  • the magnets 31, 32 of the magnet assembly are mounted opposite the second air gap surface 38, 39.
  • residual magnetic gap 36, 37 is always formed between the second air gap surface of the ferromagnetic element 38, 39 and a corresponding air gap surface on the magnet assembly.
  • the two symmetrical halves of the magnetic circuit When a current flows in the coil 21, the two symmetrical halves of the magnetic circuit generate a magnetic flux B1.
  • the magnetic flux path B1 is as follows: fixed central core 17, base 16, sidewalls 14, 15, upper part of the magnets 31, 32, residual air gaps 36, 37 between said magnets and the second air gap surfaces 38, 39 of the movable part, lateral parts 25 of the movable part, movable central core 24, and air gap of variable thickness 34.
  • This flow magnetic B1 generates a magnetic force which is exerted on the movable portion 22 so as to reduce the thickness of the gap of variable thickness 34.
  • each magnet 31, 32 creates the magnetic fluxes B2, B3 as represented on the figures 1 and 2 .
  • the magnetic flux path B2 is as follows: mobile central core 24, air gap of variable thickness 34, fixed central core 17, base 16, flanks 14, 15, before looping back into the magnets 31, 32.
  • the magnetic flux path B3 is, as for him, the following: lateral parts 25 of the movable part 22 and flanks 14, 15, before looping back into the magnets 31, 32.
  • the flows B2 and B3 pass through the coil substantially perpendicular to the axis of displacement 26.
  • a Laplace force is created which also tends to move the mobile part according to the displacement axis 26. This force is proportional in particular to the intensity of the current in the coil and the magnetic induction generated by the magnet assembly.
  • the thickness of the gap of variable thickness 34 is maximum, and the attraction force created by the magnetic flux B1 on the moving part is minimal because this force is generally inversely proportional to the thickness of the gap of the magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic force generated by the coil and the Laplace force will both contribute to the displacement of the movable portion 22 to the closed position.
  • the combination of these two magnetic forces is all the more important that the magnetic flux B1, B2, generated on the one hand by the magnet, and on the other hand by the excitation coil, are both directed into the same direction in the whole of the movable part 22, as well as in the air gap of variable thickness. This leads to an increase in the operating efficiency of the actuator.
  • the actuator 11 When the actuator 11 is in the closed position, the thickness of the gap of variable thickness 34 is minimal, and the attraction force created by the magnetic flux B1 on the moving part is maximum.
  • the actuator 11 may comprise return means, such as a return spring not shown.
  • this movement can be controlled using the control current in the coil 21. for example, to significantly speed up the opening, ie the displacement of the movable part to an open position, a reverse current can be sent in the coil 21 so as to counteract the Laplace force.
  • the magnets 31 and 32 of the magnet assembly are mounted on a face 33 of the inner wall of the lateral flanks 14, 15.
  • Each magnet extends substantially over the entire dimension parallel to the axis of displacement of said face, c that is to say over the entire height of the inner wall of the lateral flanks.
  • the weight of the moving part is relatively small compared to a voice coil type actuator, that is to say with an excitation coil mounted on the moving part. This contributes to an improvement in the overall efficiency of the actuator.
  • an actuator 41 has most of the elements represented on the figures 1 and 2 .
  • the mobile part 42 of the magnetic circuit is composed of a movable central core 43 of ferromagnetic material having a first air gap surface 44 which is not perpendicular to the axis of displacement.
  • the first air gap surface 44 has two intersecting planes.
  • the fixed central core 45 of the ferromagnetic yoke 46 has a corresponding gap area 47 complementary to the first gap surface.
  • the shape of the gap surfaces 44, 47 forming the air gap of variable thickness of the actuator 41 in particular increases the size of said gap surfaces.
  • the magnetic attraction force generated by the circulation of a control current in the coil 21 is greater.
  • the first air gap surface 44 has a groove shape.
  • the corresponding gap surface 47 of the fixed central core 45 of the As for the ferromagnetic cylinder head 46 it has a protuberance or bevel shape.
  • the mobile central core recovers, thanks to its groove gap, a greater part of the magnetic losses. These magnetic losses are therefore minimized, which contributes to increase the closing force.
  • This variant is particularly advantageous in the embodiments requiring, on the one hand, an appearance of the magnetic forces in the earlier actuating stroke, and on the other hand, a better magnetic resistance in the closed position.
  • the excitation coil is fixedly mounted on the moving part.
  • the actuator 61 comprises a fixed part 12 comprising a ferromagnetic yoke 13 having the shape of a "U" and a movable part 62 comprising a ferromagnetic element 63 comprising a movable central core 64 and two lateral parts 65.
  • the excitation coil 66 is fixedly mounted on the movable portion 62 by means of connecting means 67 between the coil and the movable central core 64 of the movable part.
  • the coil is also mounted to surround the movable central core 64 of the movable portion 62.
  • each magnet 31, 32 creates the magnetic flux B5, B6, whose paths are substantially the same as in the embodiment of figures 1 and 2 .
  • a control current passes through the coil 66, a Laplace force is created which also tends to move the moving part.
  • the magnetic force generated by the coil and the Laplace force will both contribute to moving the movable portion 62 to a closed position.
  • an actuator 81 has most of the elements represented on the figure 4 .
  • the mobile part 82 of the magnetic circuit is composed of a movable central core 83 of ferromagnetic material having a first air gap surface 84.
  • the first air gap surface is not perpendicular to the axis of displacement 84. This first air gap surface 84 has two intersecting planes.
  • the fixed central core 85 of the ferromagnetic yoke 86 has a corresponding gap area 87 complementary to the first gap surface.
  • the shape of the air gap surfaces 84, 87 makes it possible in particular to increase the size of said gap surfaces.
  • the magnetic attraction force generated by the circulation of a control current in the coil 66 is greater.
  • the first air gap surface 84 has a protuberance or bevel shape.
  • the corresponding gap surface 87 of the fixed central core 85 of the ferromagnetic yoke 86 has a groove shape.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 101 has only one half magnetic circuit compared to that shown in FIG. figure 4 .
  • the magnetic circuit comprises a fixed part comprising a ferromagnetic yoke 102 in the form of a "J" having a base 103, a main flank 104 and a secondary flank 105.
  • the magnetic circuit also comprises a movable portion 106 comprising a ferromagnetic element comprising a first surface air gap 107 to form a magnetic gap of variable thickness 108 with the ferromagnetic yoke 102.
  • the magnetic circuit further comprises a second air gap surface 109 to form a residual magnetic gap 110 with the fixed portion of substantially thickness. constant.
  • the second air gap surface 109 is substantially parallel to a displacement axis 111 of the movable portion.
  • a magnetic set composed a magnet 121 is fixedly mounted on a face 122 of the inner wall of the main flank 104. The magnet extends in a direction substantially parallel to an axis of displacement 111 of the movable part, over the entire dimension parallel to the axis of displacement of the face 122 of the inner wall of the main flank 104.
  • the magnet 121 is mounted facing the second air gap surface 109 so that, whatever the position of the moving part 106, the residual magnetic gap 110 is always formed between the second surface of air gap 109 of the ferromagnetic element of the movable portion 106 and a corresponding air gap surface of the magnet 121.
  • the excitation coil 131 for controlling the position and speed of the moving part by means of an electric control current is fixedly mounted on the moving part 106 by connecting means 132. In embodiments not shown, this excitation coil could also be fixedly mounted on the fixed part.
  • the actuator according to the invention can be used in any protection switching or control device, such as contactors, circuit breakers, relays, switches.
  • the actuator according to the invention can also be an electromagnetic actuator of the bistable or monostable type.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The actuator (11) has a mobile part (22) with a ferromagnetic element (23) having air gap surfaces (35, 38) respectively forming a variable thickness magnetic air gap (34) and a constant thickness residual magnetic air gap (36). A magnetized assembly of a fixed part (12) is mounted against the surface (38) such that the air gap (36) is formed between the surface (38) and an air gap surface corresponding to the assembly. Magnets (31, 32) of the assembly are mounted on a face (33) of a ferromagnetic yoke (13) and extend on the face's dimension parallel to a displacement axis (26) of the face.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention se rapporte à un actionneur électromagnétique destiné à être utilisé dans un appareil électrique interrupteur, et en particulier dans un appareil de type relais, contacteur ou contacteur disjoncteur.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for use in an electrical switch device, and in particular in a relay type device, contactor or circuit breaker contactor.

En particulier, l'invention concerne un actionneur électromagnétique pour appareil interrupteur comprenant une partie fixe, une partie mobile et une bobine d'excitation,

  • la partie fixe comprenant une culasse ferromagnétique et un ensemble aimanté composé d'au moins un aimant monté fixement sur la culasse, l'ensemble aimanté s'étendant selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à un axe de déplacement de la partie mobile,
  • la partie mobile comprenant un élément ferromagnétique comportant une première surface d'entrefer pour former un entrefer magnétique d'épaisseur variable avec la culasse ferromagnétique et une seconde surface d'entrefer pour former un entrefer magnétique résiduel d'épaisseur sensiblement constante avec la partie fixe, ladite seconde surface d'entrefer étant sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de déplacement de la partie mobile,
  • la bobine d'excitation permettant de contrôler la position et la vitesse de la partie mobile à l'aide d'un courant électrique de commande.
In particular, the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for a switch device comprising a fixed part, a moving part and an excitation coil,
  • the fixed part comprising a ferromagnetic yoke and a magnet assembly consisting of at least one magnet fixedly mounted on the yoke, the magnet assembly extending in a direction substantially parallel to an axis of movement of the movable part,
  • the moving part comprising a ferromagnetic element having a first gap surface to form a magnetic gap of variable thickness with the ferromagnetic yoke and a second gap surface to form a residual magnetic gap of substantially constant thickness with the fixed part, said second air gap surface being substantially parallel to the axis of displacement of the moving part,
  • the excitation coil for controlling the position and speed of the moving part by means of an electric control current.

L'invention concerne également un appareil électrique interrupteur comportant au moins un contact fixe coopérant avec au moins un contact mobile pour commuter l'alimentation d'une charge électrique.The invention also relates to an electrical switch device comprising at least one fixed contact cooperating with at least one movable contact for switching the supply of an electric load.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART

La demande de brevet européen EP1655755 décrit un tel actionneur électromagnétique pour appareil électrique interrupteur.The European patent application EP1655755 describes such an electromagnetic actuator for electrical switch device.

Dans ce type d'actionneur, la force exercée sur la partie mobile est principalement une force de Laplace qui résulte de la variation de l'inductance mutuelle entre l'ensemble aimanté et la bobine d'excitation. Cette force de Laplace est généralement proportionnelle à l'intensité du courant dans la bobine d'excitation et à l'induction générée par l'ensemble aimanté. Par ailleurs, la force exercée sur la partie mobile est également une force magnétique entraînant un changement de la réluctance due à la variation de l'épaisseur de l'entrefer d'épaisseur variable entre les positions ouverte et fermée.In this type of actuator, the force exerted on the moving part is mainly a Laplace force which results from the variation of the mutual inductance between the magnet assembly and the excitation coil. This Laplace force is generally proportional to the intensity of the current in the excitation coil and to the induction generated by the magnet assembly. Moreover, the force exerted on the moving part is also a magnetic force causing a change in the reluctance due to the variation of the thickness of the air gap of variable thickness between the open and closed positions.

Un inconvénient de ce type d'actionneur est que la force exercée sur la partie mobile n'est pas optimisée ce qui conduit à une diminution du rendement de fonctionnement.A disadvantage of this type of actuator is that the force exerted on the moving part is not optimized, which leads to a decrease in the operating efficiency.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

L'invention vise à remédier aux problèmes techniques des dispositifs de l'art antérieur en proposant un actionneur électromagnétique pour appareil interrupteur comprenant une partie fixe, une partie mobile et une bobine d'excitation,

  • la partie fixe comprenant une culasse ferromagnétique et un ensemble aimanté composé d'au moins un aimant monté fixement sur la culasse, l'ensemble aimanté s'étendant selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à un axe de déplacement de la partie mobile,
  • la partie mobile comprenant un élément ferromagnétique comportant une première surface d'entrefer pour former un entrefer magnétique d'épaisseur variable avec la culasse ferromagnétique et une seconde surface d'entrefer pour former un entrefer magnétique résiduel d'épaisseur sensiblement constante avec la partie fixe, ladite seconde surface d'entrefer étant sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de déplacement de la partie mobile,
  • la bobine d'excitation permettant de contrôler la position et la vitesse de la partie mobile à l'aide d'un courant électrique de commande.
The invention aims to remedy the technical problems of the devices of the prior art by proposing an electromagnetic actuator for a switch device comprising a fixed part, a moving part and an excitation coil.
  • the fixed part comprising a ferromagnetic yoke and a magnet assembly consisting of at least one magnet fixedly mounted on the yoke, the magnet assembly extending in a direction substantially parallel to an axis of movement of the movable part,
  • the moving part comprising a ferromagnetic element having a first gap surface to form a magnetic gap of variable thickness with the ferromagnetic yoke and a second gap surface to form a residual magnetic gap of substantially constant thickness with the fixed part, said second air gap surface being substantially parallel to the axis of displacement of the moving part,
  • the excitation coil for controlling the position and speed of the moving part by means of an electric control current.

L'actionneur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble aimanté est monté en vis-à-vis avec la seconde surface d'entrefer de sorte que, quelque soit la position de la partie mobile, l'entrefer magnétique résiduel est toujours formé entre la seconde surface d'entrefer de l'élément ferromagnétique de la partie mobile et une surface d'entrefer correspondante de l'ensemble aimanté, et en ce que le au moins un aimant de l'ensemble aimanté est monté sur une face de la culasse ferromagnétique et s'étend sensiblement sur toute la dimension parallèle à l'axe de déplacement de ladite face.The actuator according to the invention is characterized in that the magnet assembly is mounted facing the second air gap surface so that, whatever the position of the moving part, the residual magnetic gap is always formed between the second gap surface of the ferromagnetic element of the movable portion and a corresponding air gap surface of the magnet assembly, and in that the at least one magnet of the magnet assembly is mounted on one face of the ferromagnetic yoke and extends substantially over the entire dimension parallel to the axis of displacement of said face.

De préférence, la culasse ferromagnétique comporte une base, au moins un flanc latéral et un noyau central fixe, le au moins un aimant de l'ensemble aimanté étant monté sur une face desdits flancs et s'étendant sur sensiblement toute la dimension parallèle à l'axe de déplacement desdits flancs.Preferably, the ferromagnetic yoke comprises a base, at least one lateral flank and a fixed central core, the at least one magnet of the magnet assembly being mounted on one side of said flanks and extending over substantially the entire dimension parallel to the flange. axis of displacement of said flanks.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la bobine d'excitation est montée fixement sur la partie fixe. Alternativement, la bobine d'excitation est montée fixement sur la partie mobile.According to one embodiment, the excitation coil is fixedly mounted on the fixed part. Alternatively, the excitation coil is fixedly mounted on the moving part.

De préférence, la bobine d'excitation est montée de façon à entourer l'entrefer d'épaisseur variable.Preferably, the excitation coil is mounted so as to surround the gap of variable thickness.

De préférence, l'élément ferromagnétique de la partie mobile comporte un noyau central mobile, la première surface d'entrefer étant formée sur ledit noyau.Preferably, the ferromagnetic element of the mobile part comprises a mobile central core, the first gap surface being formed on said core.

Avantageusement, l'élément ferromagnétique de la partie mobile comporte au moins une partie latérale, la seconde surface d'entrefer étant formée sur ladite partie latérale.Advantageously, the ferromagnetic element of the mobile part comprises at least one lateral part, the second air gap surface being formed on said lateral part.

De préférence, la première surface d'entrefer et la surface d'entrefer correspondante de la culasse ferromagnétique formant l'entrefer magnétique d'épaisseur variable présentent deux plans sécants.Preferably, the first air gap surface and the corresponding air gap surface of the ferromagnetic yoke forming the magnetic gap of variable thickness have two intersecting planes.

Avantageusement, l'actionneur comporte un seul et unique entrefer magnétique d'épaisseur variable.Advantageously, the actuator comprises a single magnetic single gap of variable thickness.

L'invention concerne également un appareil électrique interrupteur comportant au moins un contact fixe coopérant avec au moins un contact mobile pour commuter l'alimentation d'une charge électrique, ledit appareil comprenant au moins un actionneur électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications précédentes pour actionner le au moins un contact mobile.The invention also relates to an electrical switch device comprising at least one fixed contact cooperating with at least one movable contact to switch the supply of an electric charge, said apparatus comprising at least one electromagnetic actuator according to one of the preceding claims for actuating the at least one moving contact.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés dans les figures annexées.Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, and shown in the accompanying figures.

La figure 1 représente une coupe longitudinale simplifiée d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un actionneur selon l'invention en position ouverte.The figure 1 represents a simplified longitudinal section of a first embodiment of an actuator according to the invention in the open position.

La figure 2 représente l'actionneur de la figure 1 en position fermée.The figure 2 represents the actuator of the figure 1 in closed position.

La figure 3 représente schématiquement une variante par rapport au mode des figures 1 et 2.The figure 3 schematically represents a variant with respect to the mode of figures 1 and 2 .

La figure 4 représente une coupe longitudinale simplifiée d'un second mode de réalisation d'un actionneur selon l'invention en position ouverte.The figure 4 represents a simplified longitudinal section of a second embodiment of an actuator according to the invention in the open position.

La figure 5 représente schématiquement une variante par rapport au mode de la figure 4.The figure 5 schematically represents a variant with respect to the mode of figure 4 .

La figure 6 représente une coupe longitudinale simplifiée d'un mode de réalisation particulier selon l'invention.The figure 6 represents a simplified longitudinal section of a particular embodiment according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

En référence au premier mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, un actionneur 11 d'un appareil électrique interrupteur comporte une partie fixe 12 comprenant une culasse ferromagnétique 13 présentant la forme d'un « U » avec deux flancs latéraux 14, 15, une base 16 et un noyau central fixe 17.With reference to the first embodiment shown on the figures 1 and 2 an actuator 11 of a switchgear comprises a fixed part 12 comprising a ferromagnetic yoke 13 having the shape of a "U" with two lateral flanks 14, 15, a base 16 and a fixed central core 17.

Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 1 et 2, une bobine d'excitation 21 est montée fixement sur la partie fixe 12 de façon à entourer le noyau central fixe 17. Cette bobine est associée à des moyens de régulation non représentés d'un courant électrique de commande pour contrôler la position et la vitesse de la partie mobile. La partie mobile 22 est essentiellement constitué par un élément ferromagnétique 23 comportant un noyau central mobile 24 et deux parties latérales 25. Cette partie mobile peut se déplacer selon un axe de déplacement 26 longitudinal entre une position fermée, telle que représentée à la figure 2, et une position ouverte, telle que représentée à la figure 1.In the embodiment of figures 1 and 2 an excitation coil 21 is fixedly mounted on the fixed part 12 so as to surround the fixed central core 17. This coil is associated with unrepresented control means of an electric control current for controlling the position and the speed of the moving part. The moving part 22 essentially consists of a ferromagnetic element 23 comprising a movable central core 24 and two lateral parts 25. This movable part can move along a longitudinal axis of displacement 26 between a closed position, as represented in FIG. figure 2 , and an open position, as shown in FIG. figure 1 .

L'actionneur 11 comporte également un ensemble aimanté composé de deux aimants 31, 32 permettant de déplacer la partie mobile 22 lorsqu'un courant électrique de commande traverse la bobine d'excitation 21. Les aimants sont fixés sur une face 33 de la paroi interne des flancs latéraux 14, 15 et s'étendent selon une direction parallèle à l'axe de déplacement 26. Les aimants sont montés de façon symétrique par rapport à l'axe de déplacement 26. Les axes d'aimantation des aimants 31, 32 sont perpendiculaires et symétrique par rapport à l'axe de déplacement 26, et ils sont indifféremment dirigés soit vers cet axe de déplacement, soit à l'opposé de ce même axe.The actuator 11 also comprises a magnet assembly consisting of two magnets 31, 32 for moving the moving part 22 when an electric control current passes through the excitation coil 21. The magnets are fixed on a face 33 of the inner wall lateral flanks 14, 15 and extend in a direction parallel to the axis of displacement 26. The magnets are mounted symmetrically with respect to the axis of displacement 26. The magnetization axes of the magnets 31, 32 are perpendicular and symmetrical with respect to the axis of displacement 26, and they are indifferently directed either towards this axis of displacement, or the opposite of this same axis.

Le circuit magnétique de l'actionneur 11 comporte un entrefer magnétique d'épaisseur variable 34 formé entre une première surface d'entrefer 35 de l'élément ferromagnétique 23 de la partie mobile 22 et une surface d'entrefer associée de la culasse ferromagnétique 13 de la partie fixe 12, les deux surfaces étant en vis-à-vis. Comme cela est représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, le circuit magnétique de l'actionneur est constitué de deux moitiés symétriques par rapport à l'axe de déplacement 26. Chaque moitié de circuit magnétique comporte un entrefer magnétique résiduel 36, 37 d'épaisseur sensiblement constante. Cet entrefer résiduel est formé entre une seconde surface d'entrefer 38, 39 sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de déplacement 26 et une surface d'entrefer correspondante de la partie fixe. Cet entrefer résiduel permet notamment de ne pas saturer le circuit magnétique quand la partie mobile est dans une position fermée.The magnetic circuit of the actuator 11 comprises a magnetic gap of variable thickness 34 formed between a first air gap surface 35 of the ferromagnetic element 23 of the mobile part 22 and an associated air gap surface of the ferromagnetic yoke 13 of the fixed part 12, the two surfaces being vis-à-vis. As shown on the figures 1 and 2 , the magnetic circuit of the actuator consists of two halves symmetrical with respect to the axis of displacement 26. Each magnetic circuit half has a residual magnetic gap 36, 37 of substantially constant thickness. This residual air gap is formed between a second air gap surface 38, 39 substantially parallel to the axis of displacement 26 and a corresponding air gap surface of the fixed part. This residual gap makes it possible in particular not to saturate the magnetic circuit when the moving part is in a closed position.

Comme cela est représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, selon un aspect de l'invention, les aimants 31, 32 de l'ensemble aimanté sont montés en vis-à-vis avec la seconde surface d'entrefer 38, 39. Ainsi, quelque soit la position de la partie mobile, l'entrefer magnétique résiduel 36, 37 est toujours formé entre la seconde surface d'entrefer de l'élément ferromagnétique 38, 39 et une surface d'entrefer correspondante sur l'ensemble aimanté.As shown on the figures 1 and 2 according to one aspect of the invention, the magnets 31, 32 of the magnet assembly are mounted opposite the second air gap surface 38, 39. Thus, whatever the position of the moving part, residual magnetic gap 36, 37 is always formed between the second air gap surface of the ferromagnetic element 38, 39 and a corresponding air gap surface on the magnet assembly.

Lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 21, les deux moitiés symétriques du circuit magnétique génèrent un flux magnétique B1. Comme cela est représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, le chemin du flux magnétique B1 est le suivant : noyau central fixe 17, base 16, flancs 14, 15, partie supérieure des aimants 31, 32, entrefers résiduels 36, 37 entre lesdits aimants et les secondes surface d'entrefer 38, 39 de la partie mobile, parties latérales 25 de la partie mobile, noyau central mobile 24, et entrefer d'épaisseur variable 34. Ce flux magnétique B1 engendre une force magnétique qui s'exerce sur la partie mobile 22 de façon à réduire l'épaisseur de l'entrefer à épaisseur variable 34.When a current flows in the coil 21, the two symmetrical halves of the magnetic circuit generate a magnetic flux B1. As shown on the figures 1 and 2 , the magnetic flux path B1 is as follows: fixed central core 17, base 16, sidewalls 14, 15, upper part of the magnets 31, 32, residual air gaps 36, 37 between said magnets and the second air gap surfaces 38, 39 of the movable part, lateral parts 25 of the movable part, movable central core 24, and air gap of variable thickness 34. This flow magnetic B1 generates a magnetic force which is exerted on the movable portion 22 so as to reduce the thickness of the gap of variable thickness 34.

Parallèlement, chaque aimant 31, 32 crée les flux magnétiques B2, B3 tels que représentés sur les figures 1 et 2. Le chemin du flux magnétique B2 est le suivant : noyau central mobile 24, entrefer d'épaisseur variable 34, noyau central fixe 17, base 16, flancs 14, 15, avant de reboucler dans les aimants 31, 32. Le chemin du flux magnétique B3 est, quant à lui, le suivant : parties latérales 25 de la partie mobile 22 et flancs 14, 15, avant de reboucler dans les aimants 31, 32. Étant donné l'axe d'aimantation des aimants 31, 32, les flux B2 et B3 traversent la bobine de façon sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de déplacement 26. Ainsi, lorsqu'un courant de commande traverse la bobine 21, il se crée une force de Laplace qui tend également à faire déplacer la partie mobile selon l'axe de déplacement 26. Cette force est proportionnelle notamment à l'intensité du courant dans la bobine et à l'induction magnétique générée par l'ensemble aimanté.In parallel, each magnet 31, 32 creates the magnetic fluxes B2, B3 as represented on the figures 1 and 2 . The magnetic flux path B2 is as follows: mobile central core 24, air gap of variable thickness 34, fixed central core 17, base 16, flanks 14, 15, before looping back into the magnets 31, 32. The magnetic flux path B3 is, as for him, the following: lateral parts 25 of the movable part 22 and flanks 14, 15, before looping back into the magnets 31, 32. Given the axis of magnetization of the magnets 31, 32, the flows B2 and B3 pass through the coil substantially perpendicular to the axis of displacement 26. Thus, when a control current passes through the coil 21, a Laplace force is created which also tends to move the mobile part according to the displacement axis 26. This force is proportional in particular to the intensity of the current in the coil and the magnetic induction generated by the magnet assembly.

Comme cela est représenté à la figure 1, lorsque l'actionneur 11 est en position ouverte, l'épaisseur de l'entrefer à épaisseur variable 34 est maximale, et la force d'attraction crée par le flux magnétique B1 sur la partie mobile est minimale du fait que cette force est généralement inversement proportionnelle à l'épaisseur de l'entrefer du circuit magnétique. Lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 21, la force magnétique générée par la bobine et la force de Laplace vont toutes les deux contribuer au déplacement de la partie mobile 22 vers la position fermée. La combinaison de ces deux forces magnétiques est d'autant plus importante que les flux magnétiques B1, B2, générés d'une part par l'aimant, et d'autre part par la bobine d'excitation, sont tous les deux dirigés dans le même sens dans l'ensemble de la partie mobile 22, ainsi que dans l'entrefer d'épaisseur variable. Ceci conduit à une augmentation du rendement de fonctionnement de l'actionneur.As shown in figure 1 when the actuator 11 is in the open position, the thickness of the gap of variable thickness 34 is maximum, and the attraction force created by the magnetic flux B1 on the moving part is minimal because this force is generally inversely proportional to the thickness of the gap of the magnetic circuit. When a current flows in the coil 21, the magnetic force generated by the coil and the Laplace force will both contribute to the displacement of the movable portion 22 to the closed position. The combination of these two magnetic forces is all the more important that the magnetic flux B1, B2, generated on the one hand by the magnet, and on the other hand by the excitation coil, are both directed into the same direction in the whole of the movable part 22, as well as in the air gap of variable thickness. This leads to an increase in the operating efficiency of the actuator.

Lorsque l'actionneur 11 est en position fermée, l'épaisseur de l'entrefer à épaisseur variable 34 est minimale, et la force d'attraction crée par le flux magnétique B1 sur la partie mobile est maximale. Pour effectuer le mouvement d'ouverture, l'actionneur 11 peut comporter des moyens de rappel, tels qu'un ressort de rappel non représenté. En plus, ce mouvement peut être piloté à l'aide du courant de commande dans la bobine 21. Par exemple, pour accélérer notablement l'ouverture, c'est à dire le déplacement de la partie mobile vers une position d'ouverture, un courant inverse peut être envoyé dans la bobine 21 de façon à contrecarrer la force de Laplace.When the actuator 11 is in the closed position, the thickness of the gap of variable thickness 34 is minimal, and the attraction force created by the magnetic flux B1 on the moving part is maximum. To perform the opening movement, the actuator 11 may comprise return means, such as a return spring not shown. In addition, this movement can be controlled using the control current in the coil 21. for example, to significantly speed up the opening, ie the displacement of the movable part to an open position, a reverse current can be sent in the coil 21 so as to counteract the Laplace force.

Comme cela est représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, les aimants 31 et 32 de l'ensemble aimanté sont montés sur une face 33 de la paroi interne des flancs latéraux 14, 15. Chaque aimant s'étend sensiblement sur toute la dimension parallèle à l'axe de déplacement de ladite face, c'est-à-dire sur toute la hauteur de la paroi interne des flancs latéraux. Ceci permet d'assurer que les flux magnétiques B1, B2, générés d'une part par l'aimant, et d'autre part par la bobine d'excitation, sont tous les deux dirigés dans le même sens sur une plus grande partie de la partie mobile 22, voire sur l'ensemble de la partie mobile, ainsi que dans l'entrefer d'épaisseur variable. De cette façon, l'intensité des forces magnétiques découlant de ces deux flux et le rendement de fonctionnement de l'actionneur s'en trouve augmenté.As shown on the figures 1 and 2 the magnets 31 and 32 of the magnet assembly are mounted on a face 33 of the inner wall of the lateral flanks 14, 15. Each magnet extends substantially over the entire dimension parallel to the axis of displacement of said face, c that is to say over the entire height of the inner wall of the lateral flanks. This makes it possible to ensure that the magnetic flux B1, B2, generated on the one hand by the magnet, and on the other hand by the excitation coil, are both directed in the same direction over a greater part of the movable part 22, or on the whole of the movable part, as well as in the air gap of variable thickness. In this way, the intensity of the magnetic forces resulting from these two flows and the operating efficiency of the actuator is increased.

Par ailleurs, la bobine 21 étant montée sur la partie fixe 12, le poids de la partie mobile est relativement faible par comparaison avec un actionneur de type « voice coil », c'est-à-dire avec une bobine d'excitation montée sur la partie mobile. Ceci concoure à une amélioration du rendement global de l'actionneur.Furthermore, the coil 21 being mounted on the fixed part 12, the weight of the moving part is relatively small compared to a voice coil type actuator, that is to say with an excitation coil mounted on the moving part. This contributes to an improvement in the overall efficiency of the actuator.

Dans une variante représentée à la figure 3, un actionneur 41 comporte la plupart des éléments représentés sur les figures 1 et 2. Dans cette variante, la partie mobile 42 du circuit magnétique est composée d'un noyau central mobile 43 en matériau ferromagnétique comportant une première surface d'entrefer 44 qui n'est pas perpendiculaire à l'axe de déplacement. Dans l'actionneur 41, la première surface d'entrefer 44 présente deux plans sécants. De la même façon, le noyau central fixe 45 de la culasse ferromagnétique 46 présente une surface d'entrefer 47 correspondante complémentaire à la première surface d'entrefer. La forme des surfaces d'entrefer 44, 47 formants l'entrefer d'épaisseur variable de l'actionneur 41 permet notamment d'augmenter la taille desdites surfaces d'entrefer. Ainsi la force magnétique d'attraction générée par la circulation d'un courant de commande dans la bobine 21 est plus importante.In a variant shown in figure 3 , an actuator 41 has most of the elements represented on the figures 1 and 2 . In this variant, the mobile part 42 of the magnetic circuit is composed of a movable central core 43 of ferromagnetic material having a first air gap surface 44 which is not perpendicular to the axis of displacement. In the actuator 41, the first air gap surface 44 has two intersecting planes. Similarly, the fixed central core 45 of the ferromagnetic yoke 46 has a corresponding gap area 47 complementary to the first gap surface. The shape of the gap surfaces 44, 47 forming the air gap of variable thickness of the actuator 41 in particular increases the size of said gap surfaces. Thus the magnetic attraction force generated by the circulation of a control current in the coil 21 is greater.

Dans la variante représentée à la figure 3, la première surface d'entrefer 44 présente une forme de gorge. La surface d'entrefer 47 correspondante du noyau central fixe 45 de la culasse ferromagnétique 46 présente, quant à elle, une forme de protubérance ou de biseau. Avec une telle configuration, le noyau central mobile récupère, grâce à son entrefer en forme de gorge, une plus grande partie des pertes magnétiques. Ces pertes magnétiques sont donc minimisées, ce qui concoure à augmenter l'effort de fermeture. Cette variante est particulièrement avantageuse dans les modes de réalisation nécessitant d'une part, une apparition des efforts magnétiques dans la course d'actionnement plus précoce, et d'autre part, une meilleure tenue magnétique en position fermée.In the variant shown in figure 3 , the first air gap surface 44 has a groove shape. The corresponding gap surface 47 of the fixed central core 45 of the As for the ferromagnetic cylinder head 46, it has a protuberance or bevel shape. With such a configuration, the mobile central core recovers, thanks to its groove gap, a greater part of the magnetic losses. These magnetic losses are therefore minimized, which contributes to increase the closing force. This variant is particularly advantageous in the embodiments requiring, on the one hand, an appearance of the magnetic forces in the earlier actuating stroke, and on the other hand, a better magnetic resistance in the closed position.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 4, la bobine d'excitation est montée fixement sur la partie mobile. L'actionneur 61 comporte une partie fixe 12 comprenant une culasse ferromagnétique 13 présentant la forme d'un « U » et une partie mobile 62 comportant un élément ferromagnétique 63 comportant un noyau central mobile 64 et deux parties latérales 65. La bobine d'excitation 66 est montée fixement sur la partie mobile 62 à l'aide de moyens de liaison 67 entre la bobine et le noyau central mobile 64 de la partie mobile. La bobine est également montée de manière à entourer le noyau central mobile 64 de la partie mobile 62.In the embodiment shown at figure 4 , the excitation coil is fixedly mounted on the moving part. The actuator 61 comprises a fixed part 12 comprising a ferromagnetic yoke 13 having the shape of a "U" and a movable part 62 comprising a ferromagnetic element 63 comprising a movable central core 64 and two lateral parts 65. The excitation coil 66 is fixedly mounted on the movable portion 62 by means of connecting means 67 between the coil and the movable central core 64 of the movable part. The coil is also mounted to surround the movable central core 64 of the movable portion 62.

Lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 66, les deux moitiés symétriques du circuit magnétique génèrent un flux B4 dont le chemin est le sensiblement le même que dans le mode de réalisation des figures 1 et 2. Ce flux magnétique engendre une force magnétique qui s'exerce sur la partie mobile 62 de façon à réduire l'épaisseur de l'entrefer à épaisseur variable 34. Parallèlement, chaque aimant 31, 32 crée les flux magnétiques B5, B6, dont les chemins sont sensiblement les mêmes que dans mode de réalisation des figures 1 et 2. Lorsqu'un courant de commande traverse la bobine 66, il se crée une force de Laplace qui tend également à faire déplacer la partie mobile. Ainsi, la force magnétique générée par la bobine et la force de Laplace vont toutes les deux contribuer au déplacement de la partie mobile 62 vers une position fermée. La combinaison de ces deux forces magnétiques est d'autant plus importante que les flux magnétiques B4, B5, générés d'une part par l'aimant, et d'autre part par la bobine d'excitation, sont tous les deux dirigés dans le même sens dans une grande partie de la partie mobile 62, voire dans l'ensemble de ladite partie mobile 62, ainsi que dans l'entrefer d'épaisseur variable. Ceci conduit à une augmentation du rendement de fonctionnement de l'actionneur.When a current flows in the coil 66, the two symmetrical halves of the magnetic circuit generate a flow B4 whose path is substantially the same as in the embodiment of the figures 1 and 2 . This magnetic flux generates a magnetic force which is exerted on the moving part 62 so as to reduce the thickness of the gap of variable thickness 34. In parallel, each magnet 31, 32 creates the magnetic flux B5, B6, whose paths are substantially the same as in the embodiment of figures 1 and 2 . When a control current passes through the coil 66, a Laplace force is created which also tends to move the moving part. Thus, the magnetic force generated by the coil and the Laplace force will both contribute to moving the movable portion 62 to a closed position. The combination of these two magnetic forces is all the more important that the magnetic flux B4, B5, generated on the one hand by the magnet, and on the other hand by the excitation coil, are both directed into the same direction in a large part of the movable part 62, or in all of said movable part 62, as well as in the air gap of variable thickness. This leads to an increase in the operating efficiency of the actuator.

Dans une variante représentée à la figure 5, un actionneur 81 comporte la plupart des éléments représentés sur la figure 4. Comme dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 4, il s'agit d'un actionneur de type « voice-coil », c'est-à-dire dans lequel la bobine d'excitation est montée fixement sur la partie mobile. Dans cette variante, la partie mobile 82 du circuit magnétique est composée d'un noyau central mobile 83 en matériau ferromagnétique comportant une première surface d'entrefer 84. Comme dans la variante représentée à la figure 3, la première surface d'entrefer n'est pas perpendiculaire à l'axe de déplacement 84. Cette première surface d'entrefer 84 présente deux plans sécants. De la même façon, le noyau central fixe 85 de la culasse ferromagnétique 86 présente une surface d'entrefer 87 correspondante complémentaire à la première surface d'entrefer. La forme des surfaces d'entrefer 84, 87 permet notamment d'augmenter la taille desdites surfaces d'entrefer. Ainsi, la force magnétique d'attraction générée par la circulation d'un courant de commande dans la bobine 66 est plus importante.In a variant shown in figure 5 , an actuator 81 has most of the elements represented on the figure 4 . As in the embodiment of the figure 4 it is a voice-coil actuator, that is to say in which the excitation coil is fixedly mounted on the movable part. In this variant, the mobile part 82 of the magnetic circuit is composed of a movable central core 83 of ferromagnetic material having a first air gap surface 84. As in the variant shown in FIG. figure 3 , the first air gap surface is not perpendicular to the axis of displacement 84. This first air gap surface 84 has two intersecting planes. In the same way, the fixed central core 85 of the ferromagnetic yoke 86 has a corresponding gap area 87 complementary to the first gap surface. The shape of the air gap surfaces 84, 87 makes it possible in particular to increase the size of said gap surfaces. Thus, the magnetic attraction force generated by the circulation of a control current in the coil 66 is greater.

Dans la variante représentée à la figure 5 et contrairement à celle de la figure 3, la première surface d'entrefer 84 présente une forme de protubérance ou de biseau. La surface d'entrefer 87 correspondante du noyau central fixe 85 de la culasse ferromagnétique 86 présente, quant à elle, une forme de gorge. Avec une telle configuration, le noyau central mobile est parcouru par moins de fuites magnétiques qu'avec la configuration représentée à la figure 3. L'effort d'attraction magnétique est donc moindre, ce qui, en fonction du cahier des charges choisi, permet de définir un fonctionnement monostable du dispositif.In the variant shown in figure 5 and unlike that of the figure 3 the first air gap surface 84 has a protuberance or bevel shape. The corresponding gap surface 87 of the fixed central core 85 of the ferromagnetic yoke 86 has a groove shape. With such a configuration, the mobile central core is traversed by fewer magnetic leaks than with the configuration represented in FIG. figure 3 . The magnetic attraction force is therefore less, which, depending on the specifications selected, allows to define a monostable operation of the device.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 6, l'actionneur électromagnétique 101 ne comporte qu'une moitié de circuit magnétique par rapport à celui représenté à la figure 4. Le circuit magnétique comprend une partie fixe comprenant une culasse ferromagnétique 102 en forme de « J » comportant une base 103, un flanc principal 104 et un flanc secondaire 105. Le circuit magnétique comprend également une partie mobile 106 comprenant un élément ferromagnétique comportant une première surface d'entrefer 107 pour former un entrefer magnétique d'épaisseur variable 108 avec la culasse ferromagnétique 102. Le circuit magnétique comprend, en outre, une seconde surface d'entrefer 109 pour former un entrefer magnétique résiduel 110 avec la partie fixe d'épaisseur sensiblement constante. La seconde surface d'entrefer 109 est sensiblement parallèle à un axe de déplacement 111 de la partie mobile. Un ensemble aimanté composé d'un aimant 121 est monté fixement sur une face 122 de la paroi interne du flanc principale104. L'aimant s'étend selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à un axe de déplacement 111 de la partie mobile, sur toute la dimension parallèle à l'axe de déplacement de la face 122 de la paroi interne du flanc principal 104.In the embodiment shown at figure 6 , the electromagnetic actuator 101 has only one half magnetic circuit compared to that shown in FIG. figure 4 . The magnetic circuit comprises a fixed part comprising a ferromagnetic yoke 102 in the form of a "J" having a base 103, a main flank 104 and a secondary flank 105. The magnetic circuit also comprises a movable portion 106 comprising a ferromagnetic element comprising a first surface air gap 107 to form a magnetic gap of variable thickness 108 with the ferromagnetic yoke 102. The magnetic circuit further comprises a second air gap surface 109 to form a residual magnetic gap 110 with the fixed portion of substantially thickness. constant. The second air gap surface 109 is substantially parallel to a displacement axis 111 of the movable portion. A magnetic set composed a magnet 121 is fixedly mounted on a face 122 of the inner wall of the main flank 104. The magnet extends in a direction substantially parallel to an axis of displacement 111 of the movable part, over the entire dimension parallel to the axis of displacement of the face 122 of the inner wall of the main flank 104.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 6, l'aimant 121 est montée en vis-à-vis avec la seconde surface d'entrefer 109 de sorte que, quelque soit la position de la partie mobile 106, l'entrefer magnétique résiduel 110 est toujours formé entre la seconde surface d'entrefer 109 de l'élément ferromagnétique de la partie mobile 106 et une surface d'entrefer correspondante de l'aimant 121.In the embodiment of the figure 6 the magnet 121 is mounted facing the second air gap surface 109 so that, whatever the position of the moving part 106, the residual magnetic gap 110 is always formed between the second surface of air gap 109 of the ferromagnetic element of the movable portion 106 and a corresponding air gap surface of the magnet 121.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 6, la bobine d'excitation 131 permettant de contrôler la position et la vitesse de la partie mobile à l'aide d'un courant électrique de commande est montée fixement sur la partie mobile 106 par des moyens de liaison 132. Dans des modes de réalisation non représentés, cette bobine d'excitation aurait pu également être montée fixement sur la partie fixe.In the embodiment of the figure 6 the excitation coil 131 for controlling the position and speed of the moving part by means of an electric control current is fixedly mounted on the moving part 106 by connecting means 132. In embodiments not shown, this excitation coil could also be fixedly mounted on the fixed part.

Lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 131, le circuit magnétique génère un flux B7 et l'aimant génère des flux B8, B9. Les chemins de ces flux sont similaires à ceux représentés à la figure 4 sur une moitié de circuit magnétique par rapport à l'axe de déplacement 111. Ces flux magnétiques engendrent des forces magnétiques qui s'exercent sur la partie mobile 106 de façon à réduire l'épaisseur de l'entrefer à épaisseur variable 108. Ces forces magnétiques vont toutes les deux contribuer au déplacement de la partie mobile 106 vers une position fermée. La combinaison de ces deux forces magnétiques est d'autant plus importante que les flux magnétiques B7, B8, générés d'une part par l'aimant, et d'autre part par la bobine d'excitation, sont tous les deux dirigés dans le même sens dans une grande partie de la partie mobile 106, voire dans l'ensemble de la partie mobile, ainsi que dans l'entrefer d'épaisseur variable. Ceci conduit à une augmentation du rendement de fonctionnement de l'actionneur.When a current flows in the coil 131, the magnetic circuit generates a flow B7 and the magnet generates flows B8, B9. The paths of these flows are similar to those shown in figure 4 on a magnetic circuit half with respect to the axis of displacement 111. These magnetic fluxes generate magnetic forces acting on the mobile part 106 so as to reduce the thickness of the air gap of variable thickness 108. These forces both will contribute to moving the movable portion 106 to a closed position. The combination of these two magnetic forces is all the more important that the magnetic flux B7, B8, generated on the one hand by the magnet, and on the other hand by the excitation coil, are both directed into the same direction in a large part of the movable part 106, or in the whole of the movable part, as well as in the air gap of variable thickness. This leads to an increase in the operating efficiency of the actuator.

L'actionneur selon l'invention peut être utilisé dans tout appareil de commutation de protection ou de commande, tels que des contacteurs, des disjoncteurs, des relais, des interrupteurs. L'actionneur selon l'invention peut être également un actionneur électromagnétique de type bistable ou monostable.The actuator according to the invention can be used in any protection switching or control device, such as contactors, circuit breakers, relays, switches. The actuator according to the invention can also be an electromagnetic actuator of the bistable or monostable type.

Claims (10)

Actionneur électromagnétique (11 ; 41 ; 61 ; 81 ; 101) pour appareil interrupteur comprenant une partie fixe (12), une partie mobile (22 ; 62 ; 82 ; 106) et une bobine d'excitation (21 ; 66 ; 131), - la partie fixe comprenant une culasse ferromagnétique (13 ; 102) et un ensemble aimanté composé d'au moins un aimant (31, 32 ; 121) monté fixement sur la culasse, l'ensemble aimanté s'étendant selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à un axe de déplacement (26 ; 111) de la partie mobile, - la partie mobile comprenant un élément ferromagnétique comportant une première surface d'entrefer (35 ; 44 ; 84 ; 107) pour former un entrefer magnétique d'épaisseur variable (34 ; 108) avec la culasse ferromagnétique et une seconde surface d'entrefer (38, 39 ; 109) pour former un entrefer magnétique résiduel (36, 37 ; 110) d'épaisseur sensiblement constante avec la partie fixe, ladite seconde surface d'entrefer étant sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de déplacement de la partie mobile, - la bobine d'excitation permettant de contrôler la position et la vitesse de la partie mobile à l'aide d'un courant électrique de commande, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble aimanté est monté en vis-à-vis avec la seconde surface d'entrefer de sorte que, quelque soit la position de la partie mobile, l'entrefer magnétique résiduel est toujours formé entre la seconde surface d'entrefer de l'élément ferromagnétique de la partie mobile et une surface d'entrefer correspondante de l'ensemble aimanté, et en ce que le au moins un aimant (31, 32 ; 121) de l'ensemble aimanté est monté sur une face (33 ; 122) de la culasse ferromagnétique et s'étend sensiblement sur toute la dimension parallèle à l'axe de déplacement (26 ; 111) de ladite face.An electromagnetic actuator (11; 41; 61; 81; 101) for a switch apparatus comprising a fixed part (12), a movable part (22; 62; 82; 106) and an excitation coil (21; 66; 131), the fixed part comprising a ferromagnetic yoke (13; 102) and a magnet assembly consisting of at least one magnet (31, 32; 121) fixedly mounted on the yoke, the magnet assembly extending in a direction substantially parallel to an axis of displacement (26; 111) of the movable part, the moving part comprising a ferromagnetic element having a first gap surface (35; 44; 84; 107) for forming a magnetic gap of variable thickness (34; 108) with the ferromagnetic yoke and a second gap surface ( 38, 39; 109) for forming a residual magnetic gap (36, 37; 110) of substantially constant thickness with the fixed portion, said second gap surface being substantially parallel to the axis of movement of the movable portion, the excitation coil for controlling the position and the speed of the moving part by means of an electric control current, characterized in that the magnet assembly is mounted facing the second air gap surface so that, whatever the position of the moving part, the residual magnetic gap is always formed between the second surface of air gap of the ferromagnetic element of the movable part and a corresponding air gap surface of the magnet assembly, and in that the at least one magnet (31, 32; 121) of the magnet assembly is mounted on one face ( 33; 122) of the ferromagnetic yoke and extends substantially over the entire dimension parallel to the axis of displacement (26; 111) of said face. Actionneur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la culasse ferromagnétique comporte une base (16 ; 103), au moins un flanc latéral (14, 15 ; 104) et un noyau central fixe (17 ; 47), le au moins un aimant de l'ensemble aimanté étant monté sur une face desdits flancs et s'étendant sur sensiblement toute la dimension parallèle à l'axe de déplacement desdits flancs.Actuator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic yoke comprises a base (16; 103), at least one lateral flank (14, 15; 104) and a fixed central core (17; 47), the at least one magnet of the magnet assembly being mounted on one side of said flanks and extending over substantially the entire dimension parallel to the axis of displacement of said flanks. Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la bobine d'excitation (21) est montée fixement sur la partie fixe (12).Actuator according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the excitation coil (21) is fixedly mounted on the fixed part (12). Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la bobine d'excitation (66 ; 131) est montée fixement sur la partie mobile (62 ; 82 ; 106).Actuator according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the excitation coil (66; 131) is fixedly mounted on the movable part (62; 82; 106). Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la bobine d'excitation (21) est montée de façon à entourer l'entrefer d'épaisseur variable (34).Actuator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the excitation coil (21) is mounted to surround the air gap of variable thickness (34). Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément ferromagnétique de la partie mobile (22 ; 42 ; 62 ; 82) comporte un noyau central mobile (24 ; 43 ; 64 ; 83), la première surface d'entrefer étant formée sur ledit noyau.Actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ferromagnetic element of the movable part (22; 42; 62; 82) has a movable central core (24; 43; 64; 83), the first surface gap being formed on said core. Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément ferromagnétique de la partie mobile (22 ; 42 ; 62 ; 82 ; 106) comporte au moins une partie latérale (25 ; 65), la seconde surface d'entrefer étant formée sur ladite partie latérale.Actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ferromagnetic element of the movable part (22; 42; 62; 82; 106) has at least one lateral part (25; 65); gap being formed on said side portion. Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la première surface d'entrefer (44 ; 84) et la surface d'entrefer correspondante de la culasse ferromagnétique formant l'entrefer magnétique d'épaisseur variable présentent deux plans sécants.Actuator according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first gap surface (44; 84) and the corresponding gap surface of the ferromagnetic yoke forming the magnetic gap of variable thickness have two intersecting planes. . Actionneur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un seul et unique entrefer magnétique d'épaisseur variable.Actuator according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a single magnetic single gap of variable thickness. Appareil électrique interrupteur comportant au moins un contact fixe coopérant avec au moins un contact mobile pour commuter l'alimentation d'une charge électrique,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un actionneur électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications précédentes pour actionner le au moins un contact mobile.Electrical switch apparatus comprising at least one stationary contact cooperating with at least one movable contact for switching the supply of an electric charge,
characterized in that it comprises at least one electromagnetic actuator according to one of the preceding claims for actuating the at least one movable contact.
EP08354050A 2007-09-17 2008-07-03 Electromagnetic actuator and switching device equipped with such an electromagnetic actuator Active EP2037476B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR0706505A FR2921199B1 (en) 2007-09-17 2007-09-17 ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR AND SWITCHING APPARATUS EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR

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EP (1) EP2037476B1 (en)
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US20090072934A1 (en) 2009-03-19
FR2921199A1 (en) 2009-03-20
US7982567B2 (en) 2011-07-19
CN101393822B (en) 2012-12-05
FR2921199B1 (en) 2014-03-14
CN101393822A (en) 2009-03-25
EP2037476B1 (en) 2013-02-13

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