EP2027435A1 - Massensensitive dünnschichtresonatoren für schichtdickenmasssysteme - Google Patents
Massensensitive dünnschichtresonatoren für schichtdickenmasssystemeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2027435A1 EP2027435A1 EP07725761A EP07725761A EP2027435A1 EP 2027435 A1 EP2027435 A1 EP 2027435A1 EP 07725761 A EP07725761 A EP 07725761A EP 07725761 A EP07725761 A EP 07725761A EP 2027435 A1 EP2027435 A1 EP 2027435A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thickness sensor
- resonator
- film
- layer
- layer thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02007—Details of bulk acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02086—Means for compensation or elimination of undesirable effects
- H03H9/02102—Means for compensation or elimination of undesirable effects of temperature influence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
- G01B7/063—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using piezoelectric resonators
- G01B7/066—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using piezoelectric resonators for measuring thickness of coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film thickness sensor for monitoring deposition processes, and to a method for monitoring film deposition processes in microsystem technology and nanotechnology.
- top-down there are two main production processes for the production of structures, namely the “top-down” and the “bottom-up” principle, both in microsystem technology and in nanotechnology.
- a “top-down” technology one structures the pre-deposited, different thickness functional layers according to the component requirements, in the so-called “bottom-up” technology, the functional layers are deposited on pre-structured geometries.
- Layer deposition plays an important role for both production principles as it determines the properties of the component layers and thus of the finished component. Due to the constant miniaturization, the layer thicknesses used are decreasing more and more. In order to obtain at least a constant relative layer thickness measurement accuracy, the absolute measurement resolution must increase inversely proportional to the layer thickness in the layer thickness measurement system.
- the mass resolution ⁇ m of the quartz microbalances results from the extremely high quality of the quartz, which allows a detectable frequency shift ⁇ f of about 25 Hz.
- the quartz thickness equals half the acoustic wavelength.
- the production-related thickness of the quartz plate of about 50 microns limits the resonant frequency f of the fundamental mode to typical 10 MHz to max. 55 MHz. Quartz microbalances in these frequency ranges have been used successfully in process technology since the end of the 1960s for layer thickness measurements in the gas phase deposition process.
- the use of a quartz microbalance for coating thickness determination offers the following advantages:
- SAW surface acoustic wave components
- Mass accumulation alters the properties
- the OFW achieves a second-order effect ("mass and stress-loading") .
- the quality of 10,000 lasers achievable with SAW resonators is significantly lower than that of quartz resonators, which reduce the sensitivity of OFW microbalances to quartz microbalances SAW resonators for gas sensor applications are currently still in the research and development stage with only a small field of application.
- the maximum permissible accumulated layer thickness of SAW sensors is limited to a few percent of the acoustic wave- length is very limited.
- FBARs Thin Film Buick Acoustic Resonators
- BAW 1 bulk acoustic wave a standing volume wave
- the resonant frequency of FBARs is determined by the thickness of an applied piezoelectric layer and can therefore be in the range from 500 MHz to well above 10 GHz.
- the total reflection at the top is made by the impedance jump in the transition from upper electrode to the environment (air or vacuum).
- the reflection to ambient (air or vacuum) so-called “membrane-type FBARs”, or to a buried acoustic Bragg mirror, so-called “Solidly-Mounted Buick Acoustic Resonators” (SBAR).
- SBAR Solidly-Mounted Buick Acoustic Resonators
- the technology of the FBAR and SBAR components has so far been optimized only with regard to the requirements of mobile communication technology. However, these differ in essential points from the requirements of a mass-sensitive resonator. Although high quality is essential for both, a high e-mechanical coupling factor is only needed for filter applications. This high coupling factor was achieved mainly with longitudinally polarized modes on zinc oxide (ZnO) or aluminum nitride (AIN). For a layer thickness measurement, a high coupling factor is not essential as long as the material remains sufficiently piezoelectric. The wave type used is also of subordinate interpretation.
- the existing Schichtdickenmesssysteme based on quartz crystals are limited in their mass resolution and Miniaturizierles due to their manufacturing resonator thickness and are therefore suitable only for a layer thickness to a minimum of about 0.2 nm.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved sensor for layer thickness measuring systems, which makes it possible to determine layer thicknesses in the range of less than about 0.2 nm.
- both longitudinally and transversely polarized, piezoelectric thin-film resonators are provided for this task.
- both thin-film resonator principles are suitable for an application for determining the location of growth processes in nanotechnology.
- the allowable layer thickness that can be applied to an FBAR may be quite wide without compromising the principal function, as the total reflection at the upper and lower boundary layers to air or vacuum is maintained.
- the center frequency and bandwidth of the buried mirror is determined by its layer sequence and can not be influenced later.
- GaN and AIN have gained great commercial importance in the field of optoelectronics and electronics.
- sputtered AIN layers are used, sometimes with epitaxial layers.
- Such epitaxial c-planar AIN and GaN-BAW layers have been investigated by several groups in recent years, and these studies demonstrate the excellent suitability of the materials for BAW devices.
- AlN and GaN layers are much more reproducible than e.g. ZnO and also show a higher quality, but so far no temperature-compensated layers are known in the literature.
- Metal organic vapor phase epitaxy is known for the production of GaN-based Bragg reflectors for optical but not acoustic applications.
- MOVPE Metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
- the growth of such acoustic Bragg reflectors due to the required large layer thicknesses and the small differences in the acoustic refractive index of the possible materials is not feasible, because it inevitably leads to tearing of the layers.
- sputtered reflectors are suitable for this purpose, it being possible, for example, to sputter W-SiCb alternating sequence layers which are then present in amorphous or polycrystalline form.
- the growth of r-planar GaN is possible, here the c-axis is tilted and the acoustic waves assume an intermediate form.
- a metal or highly conductive material on silicon so far only HfN is known on which high-quality GaN can be grown.
- metals such as Ag, Au, W, Mo, Ni, Pt, which are applied directly to Si eg with an electron beam evaporator or sputtered, the former usually causes a lower orientation of the layer than sputtering methods, are suitable for this purpose. This is the basis for the combined production of SBAR structures by means of sputtering and epitaxy methods.
- the growth of mutually strained layers to produce a greatly reduced temperature response is the control of the tension already during the layer growth, e.g. by means of optical curvature measurements.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a layer thickness sensor according to a first advantageous embodiment
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a film thickness sensor according to a second advantageous embodiment.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a layer thickness sensor 100 according to the above-described membrane type FBAR principle, in which a substrate 1 is bonded to a substrate 1. 2, which carries on one side the piezoelectric layer 3 embedded between two electrodes and on the opposite side is in communication with air or vacuum through an opening in the substrate.
- the SBAR layer thickness sensor 200 shown in FIG. 2 has a buried acoustic Bragg mirror 4.
- a film thickness measurement system in particular for gaseous phase film deposition processes, based on mass-sensitive, both longitudinally and transversely polarized thin film piezoelectric resonators.
- piezoelectric layers optimized especially for process measurement technology are used. Both functional principles of the acoustic resonator, the Bragg-mirror principle, which is shown in FIG. 2, or the membrane principle according to FIG. 1, are suitable.
- the minimization of the temperature response is achieved according to an advantageous development of the present invention by the excitation of two different modes with different temperature response for computational compensation of the temperature transverse effect.
- temperature-response-compensated thin-film resonators are constructed as gravimetric sensors in a low-noise, long-term stable oscillator circuit and finally integrated in a process-capable microsystem overall system.
- the acoustic thin-film resonator is also used as a temperature sensor. This is achieved by using two or more resonant modes with significantly different temperature response. Furthermore, mutually strained Al (Ga) N / Ga (Al, In) N layers are used to compensate for the temperature variation.
- curvature measurement or in situ stress determination allow an exact control of these parameters, which are to be further analyzed ex situ by means of X-ray diffraction and reflection.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006026308 | 2006-06-02 | ||
| DE102006054348A DE102006054348B4 (de) | 2006-06-02 | 2006-11-17 | Schichtdickensensor und Verfahren zur Überwachung von Abscheideprozessen |
| PCT/EP2007/004881 WO2007140943A1 (de) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-06-01 | Massensensitive dünnschichtresonatoren für schichtdickenmesssysteme |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2027435A1 true EP2027435A1 (de) | 2009-02-25 |
Family
ID=38446040
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07725761A Withdrawn EP2027435A1 (de) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-06-01 | Massensensitive dünnschichtresonatoren für schichtdickenmasssysteme |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2027435A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102006054348B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2007140943A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010029072B4 (de) * | 2010-05-18 | 2015-01-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Mikroelektromechanisches Translationsschwingersystem |
| US8438924B2 (en) * | 2011-02-03 | 2013-05-14 | Inficon, Inc. | Method of determining multilayer thin film deposition on a piezoelectric crystal |
| CN104579233B (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2018-12-04 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种薄膜谐振器的制作方法及装置 |
| EP4365545B1 (de) * | 2022-11-07 | 2026-01-28 | Tata Consultancy Services Limited | Zerstörungsfreie schätzung der beschichtungsschichtdicke auf basis einer fotoakustischen wellenleitertechnik mit wobbelfrequenz |
| CN118726932B (zh) * | 2024-08-27 | 2024-12-06 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种基于微型压电传感器的薄膜参数监测方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0828834A1 (de) | 1995-06-02 | 1998-03-18 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Verfahren zur herstellung von futter durch verminderung des endogenen proteingehalts in sojabohn |
| US5873154A (en) | 1996-10-17 | 1999-02-23 | Nokia Mobile Phones Limited | Method for fabricating a resonator having an acoustic mirror |
| US5936150A (en) * | 1998-04-13 | 1999-08-10 | Rockwell Science Center, Llc | Thin film resonant chemical sensor with resonant acoustic isolator |
| US6370955B1 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2002-04-16 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | High-temperature balance |
| US6668618B2 (en) | 2001-04-23 | 2003-12-30 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods of monitoring thin film deposition |
| CN100521527C (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2009-07-29 | Nxp股份有限公司 | 电声谐振器 |
-
2006
- 2006-11-17 DE DE102006054348A patent/DE102006054348B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-06-01 EP EP07725761A patent/EP2027435A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-01 WO PCT/EP2007/004881 patent/WO2007140943A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2007140943A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102006054348B4 (de) | 2013-04-04 |
| WO2007140943A1 (de) | 2007-12-13 |
| WO2007140943A8 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
| DE102006054348A1 (de) | 2007-12-06 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: REINDL, LEONHARD Inventor name: DADGAR, ARMIN Inventor name: LOSCHONSKY, MARC |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
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