EP2012002A2 - Method for operating glow plugs in diesel engines - Google Patents
Method for operating glow plugs in diesel engines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2012002A2 EP2012002A2 EP08011013A EP08011013A EP2012002A2 EP 2012002 A2 EP2012002 A2 EP 2012002A2 EP 08011013 A EP08011013 A EP 08011013A EP 08011013 A EP08011013 A EP 08011013A EP 2012002 A2 EP2012002 A2 EP 2012002A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- glow
- engine
- target
- glow plug
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
- F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
- F02P19/026—Glow plug actuation during engine operation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
- F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
- F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
- F02P19/025—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs with means for determining glow plug temperature or glow plug resistance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/26—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor
- F02D41/266—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor the computer being backed-up or assisted by another circuit, e.g. analogue
Definitions
- the invention is based on a method having the features specified in the preamble of claim 1. Such a method is in the article "The electronically controlled glow system ISS for diesel engines, published in the DE-Z MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 61, (2000) 10, pp. 668-675 , known.
- FIG. 1 shows the block diagram of a glow plug control unit 1 for carrying out the known method.
- This control unit includes a microprocessor 2 with integrated digital-to-analog converter, a number of MOSFET power semiconductor 3 for switching on and off an equal number of glow plugs 4, an electrical interface 5 for connection to a motor control unit 6 and an internal power supply 7 for the microprocessor 2 and for the interface 5.
- the internal power supply 7 has connection with the vehicle battery via the "terminal 15" of the vehicle.
- the microprocessor 2 controls the power semiconductors 3, reads their status information and communicates via the electrical interface 5 with the engine control unit 6.
- the interface 5 makes an adjustment of the signals required for communication between the engine control unit 6 and the microprocessor 2.
- the power supply 7 supplies a stable voltage for the microprocessor 2 and for the interface 5.
- Glow plugs have the task of causing a cold start of the diesel engine, a secure ignition of the fuel-air mixture and then effect in a Nachglühphase a smooth running of the diesel engine until it is so warm that it runs evenly without support by glow plugs ,
- the afterglow phase lasts up to several minutes.
- the glow plug should assume a constant temperature, the steady-state temperature, for which with steel glow plugs approximately 1000 ° C is a typical value.
- modern glow plugs do not require the full voltage from the vehicle electrical system, but only a voltage of typically 5 volts to 6 volts.
- the microprocessor 2 controls the power semiconductors 3 for this purpose by a method of pulse width modulation, with the result that the voltage from the electrical system, which is the power semiconductors 3 via the "terminal 30" of the vehicle is modulated so that the desired voltage is applied to the glow plugs in the time average.
- the control unit 1 supplies the glow plugs 4 with a higher heating voltage of, for example, 11 volts in order to achieve a temperature of the glow plugs as quickly as possible in the amount of steady-state temperature or - preferably - still some 10 ° C temporarily.
- the rapid heating of the glow plugs in the pre-glow phase is energy-controlled, ie, the respective glow plug is supplied with an energy which is predetermined so that the steady-state temperature is reached in any case.
- the steady-state temperature is initially exceeded once and then decreases to the steady-state temperature.
- the engine After a cold start, the engine is for a certain period of time in the so-called cold running phase, which is characterized by an idle speed, which above the idle speed with warm engine.
- the effective voltage applied to the glow plugs ie, the voltage applied as a result of pulse width modulation
- the initial heating voltage of eg 11 volts the "initial value”
- a voltage of, for example, 6 volts Final value "of the voltage
- the gradual lowering of the voltage applied in the mean time to the glow plugs 4 voltage in the cold running phase takes place during a predetermined period of time according to empirical values that are stored in the microprocessor 2.
- the period of time during which the effective stress is raised in the cold-running phase is at most as long as the cold-running phase itself, preferably shorter than this.
- the glow plugs are cooled to different degrees.
- the electric power supplied to the glow plugs is adjusted to the changing conditions. This is done in accordance with the specifications of the engine control unit 6 by raising or lowering the final value of the voltage applied to the glow plugs 4 on average over time.
- the engine control unit decides on the basis of evaluations that it makes itself, when annealing processes are triggered and how long they last.
- the engine control unit has an intelligence that is exercised by means of a state machine, which is integrated in the engine control unit.
- the state machine operates according to a rigid, fixed scheme and generates command signals which are communicated to the engine block mounted on the glow plug control device, which implements the specification of the engine control unit and, taking into account a stored in the glow plug control model of the glow plugs, the electrical power controls the glow plugs is supplied.
- This requires a mutual adaptation of the two control devices and the algorithms running in them, insofar as they relate to the control of the glow plugs.
- the present invention has for its object to reduce the cost of realizing the control of glow plugs.
- the inventive method for operating glow plugs which protrude with a glow element in a diesel engine, which cooperates with an engine control unit and a glow plug control device, which controls following a Vorglühphase the glow plugs supplied electric power in response to a specification received from the engine control unit is characterized in that the engine control unit determines a quantity which is a measure of a target steady-state temperature which is to occur at the glow element and transmits that quantity as a target to the glow plug control device which sets this target with an algorithm stored in the glow plug control device and taking into account Glow plug controller converts stored characteristic values, wherein the target causes a change in the steady-state temperature of the glow element from a first target steady-state temperature to a second target steady-state temperature.
- the temperature of the glow element with the engine running depending on the operating state of the diesel engine can be changed.
- the term steady temperature has become common, since this is kept as constant as possible according to the prior art.
- the temperature can be changed with the engine running according to specifications of the engine control unit, and thus does not remain constant, the usual term steady state temperature is maintained.
- the engine control unit determines the target temperature for the glow element of the glow plug in an advantageous manner depending on the operating state of the diesel engine. It is not only a consideration of the current operating condition of the diesel engine in question, but also the previous development of the operating condition of the diesel engine, which can observe the engine control unit with the aid of sensors associated with it, be taken into account in determining the target for the temperature. This allows a faster response to changes in the Operating condition of the diesel engine, which can be predicted on the basis of the observed past development even for a certain period of time.
- the engine control unit may predict the development of the engine condition and determine the target in dependence on the predicted development of the engine condition. At the same time, the engine control unit may predict the evolution of the engine condition based on the previous evolution of the engine condition.
- the first and the second set steady-state temperature do not differ by more than 300 K, more preferably not more than 200 K.
- the optimum temperatures for various operating conditions of a diesel engine are typically in a range of 1000 ° C to 1300 ° C, so that the first target steady-state temperature is preferably at least 1000 ° C. Adjustments to the target steady-state temperature to changed circumstances therefore rarely require larger temperature jumps than 300 K; usually the difference between the first and the second steady-state temperature is not more than 200 K, in particular not more than 150K.
- the annealing element is heated or cooled to change the steady-state temperature.
- the algorithm performed upon heating by the glow plug controller causes the temperature of the glow element to overshoot beyond the second desired steady-state temperature. This has the advantage of a particularly rapid adaptation of the annealing temperature to a changed operating state of the engine.
- the algorithm performed upon cooling by the glow plug controller causes overshoot, actually undershoot, of the temperature of the glow element below the second desired steady state temperature.
- the effectiveness of a glow plug depends primarily on the surface temperature of the glow element of the glow plugs.
- the surface temperature is therefore the primary objective for the specification to be determined by the engine control unit.
- the target is a measure of the surface temperature of the glow element of the glow plugs.
- the surface temperature of the glow element of the glow plugs can be measured, in particular in the case of ceramic glow plugs, from the temperature-dependent value of the electrical resistance.
- the glow plug controller includes the type of engine, the glow plug type, the electrical resistance of the glow plugs at a reference temperature, the dependence of the electrical resistance of the glow plug on the temperature
- the heat capacity of the glow plugs the cooling behavior of the glow plugs in dependence on the speed of the engine, the coolant temperature and the sign of a speed change of the engine, and the heat supply from burns under one or more selected load conditions of the engine.
- Limit and threshold values which limit the conversion of the target specification transmitted by the engine control unit in the annealing control unit can also be taken into account with advantage; so z.
- Example be ensured that a transmitted from the engine control unit target for the temperature of the heating element, which would overload the glow plugs used, is limited to a value that is still beneficial for the glow plugs used.
- the target of the engine control unit for the temperature of the glow element can therefore be interpreted in an advantageous development of the invention of the glow plug control and adapted to the type of glow plug used after the glow plug control device has determined himself or he has been entered the glow plug control unit.
- the adjustment may be an increase or decrease in the temperature setting and a change in the temperature are leading temperature profile, which could be determined by a stored in the annealing control device pattern characteristic of a glow plug by modification of the pattern characteristic. In the glow plug control device is then determined with which energy the glow plugs are to be supplied and they are then controlled accordingly.
- the coolant temperature can be used to form a limit, z. B. in such a way that a target of the engine control unit for a higher glow plug temperature remains unconsidered to spare the glow plugs, if and as long as the coolant temperature exceeds a limit.
- the glow plug control device can take into account in the implementation of the target with advantage parameters which are supplied to it from the outside, preferably from the engine control unit, namely z.
- the fuel injection rate per clock the coolant temperature, the speed of the diesel engine, the sign of a speed change of the diesel engine and the temperature of the incoming into the cylinder of the diesel engine combustion air.
- the Glüh horrinology can also the maximum possible temperature z. B. consider when using steel glow plugs. It may limit or interpret the predetermined temperature based on the type of glow plug detected or communicated by the glow controller.
- the target value for the temperature of the glow element is determined by the engine control unit so that a basic temperature for the afterglow phase is initially set and that a lower temperature than the base temperature in one or more of the following cases is specified as a target:
- the diesel engine is in overrun mode ( in this case, the fuel supply may be switched off);
- the coolant temperature exceeds a threshold (the higher the coolant temperature, the more likely it is possible to dispense with hot glow plug combustion support);
- the temperature of the combustion air entering the cylinders exceeds a threshold (an increase in the temperature of the combustion air increases the ignitability of the mixture and allows the glow plug temperature to be lowered);
- the voltage of the existing electric vehicle Current source (vehicle electrical system voltage) falls below a limit (as a precaution, the current drain from the electrical system is limited if this is too weak).
- a higher temperature than the previously specified by the engine control unit temperature can from the engine control unit z.
- the pollutant content in the exhaust of the diesel engine exceeds one or more limits (in which case, increasing the glow plug temperature may assist in combustion); a coasting phase of the diesel engine is ended (the glow plug, which has become colder during the coasting phase, is reheated for the following load case); the coolant temperature falls below a threshold as it occurs in prolonged stop-and-go operation (an increase in the glow plug temperature promotes combustion and reduces pollutant emissions, which is particularly important in city traffic); the temperature of the combustion air entering the cylinders falls below a threshold (an increase in the glow plug temperature promotes combustion and reduces pollutant emissions); the fuel injection amount or load of the diesel engine increases and / or exceeds a threshold (the glow plug may act to assist combustion at least temporarily with combustion support); during annealing to assist the regeneration of a particulate filter present in the exhaust line of the diesel engine.
- a matrix of correction values can be stored in the glow plug control device with which the supply of electrical energy to a glow plug intended for a standard case is corrected as a function of the rotational speed and the instantaneous fuel consumption (eg in mm 3 per stroke).
- the matrix contains the correction values for discrete value pairs of speed and consumption. The energy supply to the glow plugs tends to increase with increasing speed and decreases with increasing consumption.
- the model of the glow plugs stored in the glow plug control unit in the form of characteristic values, characteristic diagrams and their behavior in the diesel engine allows the glow plug control device to implement the target value of the engine control unit for the temperature of the glow plug of the glow plugs in an open control loop.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung geht von einem Verfahren mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen aus. Ein solches Verfahren ist in dem Aufsatz "Das elektronisch gesteuerte Glühsystem ISS für Dieselmotoren, veröffentlicht in der
Der Mikroprozessor 2 steuert die Leistungshalbleiter 3 an, liest deren Statusinformationen und kommuniziert über die elektrische Schnittstelle 5 mit dem Motorsteuergerät 6. Die Schnittstelle 5 nimmt eine Anpassung der Signale vor, die zur Kommunikation zwischen dem Motorsteuergerät 6 und dem Mikroprozessor 2 benötigt werden. Die Spannungsversorgung 7 liefert eine stabile Spannung für den Mikroprozessor 2 und für die Schnittstelle 5.The
Glühkerzen haben die Aufgabe, bei einem Kaltstart des Dieselmotors eine sichere Entzündung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches zu bewirken und danach in einer Nachglühphase einen gleichmäßigen Lauf des Dieselmotors zu bewirken, bis er so warm ist, dass er auch ohne Unterstützung durch Glühkerzen gleichmäßig rund läuft. Die Nachglühphase dauert bis zu einigen Minuten. In der Nachglühphase soll die Glühkerze eine gleich bleibende Temperatur, die Beharrungstemperatur, annehmen, für welche bei Stahlglühkerzen ca. 1000° C ein typischer Wert ist. Um die Beharrungstemperatur beizubehalten, wird bei modernen Glühkerzen nicht die volle Spannung aus dem Bordnetz des Fahrzeugs benötigt, sondern lediglich eine Spannung von typisch 5 Volt bis 6 Volt. Der Mikroprozessor 2 steuert die Leistungshalbleiter 3 zu diesem Zweck durch ein Verfahren der Pulsweiten-Modulation, was zur Folge hat, dass die Spannung aus dem Bordnetz, welche den Leistungshalbleitern 3 über die "Klemme 30" des Fahrzeugs zugeführt wird, so moduliert wird, dass die gewünschte Spannung an den Glühkerzen im zeitlichen Mittel anliegt.Glow plugs have the task of causing a cold start of the diesel engine, a secure ignition of the fuel-air mixture and then effect in a Nachglühphase a smooth running of the diesel engine until it is so warm that it runs evenly without support by glow plugs , The afterglow phase lasts up to several minutes. In the afterglow phase, the glow plug should assume a constant temperature, the steady-state temperature, for which with steel glow plugs approximately 1000 ° C is a typical value. In order to maintain the steady-state temperature, modern glow plugs do not require the full voltage from the vehicle electrical system, but only a voltage of typically 5 volts to 6 volts. The
Wird der Dieselmotor kalt gestartet, dann versorgt das Steuergerät 1 die Glühkerzen 4 mit einer höheren Aufheizspannung von z.B. 11 Volt, um möglichst rasch eine Temperatur der Glühkerzen in Höhe der Beharrungstemperatur oder - vorzugsweise - vorübergehend noch einige 10° C mehr zu erreichen.
Nach einem Kaltstart befindet sich der Motor für eine gewisse Zeitspanne in der so genannten Kaltlaufphase, welche durch eine Leerlaufdrehzahl gekennzeichnet ist, welche über der Leerlaufdrehzahl bei betriebswarmem Motor liegt. In der Kaltlaufphase wird die an den Glühkerzen liegende effektive Spannung, d.h., die infolge der Pulsweitenmodulation im zeitlichen Mittel anliegende Spannung, von der anfänglichen Aufheizspannung von z.B. 11 Volt (der "Anfangswert") stufenweise abgesenkt auf eine Spannung von z.B. 6 Volt (der "Endwert" der Spannung), mit welcher die Beharrungstemperatur der Glühkerzen von z.B. 1000° C gehalten werden kann. Schwankungen der Bordnetzspannung können bei der Pulsweitenmodulation durch Verändern der Einschaltzeit ausgeregelt werden.After a cold start, the engine is for a certain period of time in the so-called cold running phase, which is characterized by an idle speed, which above the idle speed with warm engine. In the cold running phase, the effective voltage applied to the glow plugs, ie, the voltage applied as a result of pulse width modulation, is gradually reduced from the initial heating voltage of eg 11 volts (the "initial value") to a voltage of, for example, 6 volts (" Final value "of the voltage), with which the steady-state temperature of the glow plugs of eg 1000 ° C can be maintained. Fluctuations in the vehicle electrical system voltage can be compensated during pulse width modulation by changing the switch-on time.
Beim Stand der Technik erfolgt das stufenweise Absenken der im zeitlichen Mittel an den Glühkerzen 4 anliegenden Spannung in der Kaltlaufphase während einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne nach Erfahrungswerten, die im Mikroprozessor 2 gespeichert sind. Die Zeitspanne, während welcher die effektive Spannung in der Kaltlaufphase angehoben wird, ist höchstens so lang wie die Kaltlaufphase selbst, vorzugsweise kürzer als diese.In the prior art, the gradual lowering of the voltage applied in the mean time to the
Je nach Motordrehzahl und Motorlast bzw. Motordrehmoment werden die Glühkerzen unterschiedlich stark abgekühlt. Um nach der Kaltlaufphase, aber vor Erreichen der normalen Betriebstemperatur des Motors, dennoch bei betriebswarmem Motor die Glühkerzentemperatur konstant zu halten, wird die den Glühkerzen zugeführte elektrische Leistung den sich ändernden Bedingungen angepasst. Dies geschieht entsprechend den Vorgaben aus dem Motorsteuergerät 6 durch Anheben oder Absenken des Endwertes der im zeitlichen Mittel an den Glühkerzen 4 anliegenden Spannung.Depending on the engine speed and engine load or engine torque, the glow plugs are cooled to different degrees. In order to keep the glow plug temperature constant after the cold running phase, but before reaching the normal operating temperature of the engine, while the engine is still warm, the electric power supplied to the glow plugs is adjusted to the changing conditions. This is done in accordance with the specifications of the engine control unit 6 by raising or lowering the final value of the voltage applied to the
Es ist Stand der Technik, dass das Motorsteuergerät auf der Grundlage von Auswertungen, die es selber trifft, entscheidet, wann Glühvorgänge ausgelöst werden und wie lange sie andauern. Zu diesem Zweck verfügt das Motorsteuergerät über eine Intelligenz, die mit Hilfe einer State-Machine ausgeübt wird, welche in das Motorsteuergerät integriert ist. Die State-Machine arbeitet nach einem starren, fest vorgegebenen Schema und erzeugt Befehlssignale, welche dem üblicherweise am Motorblock angebrachten Glühkerzensteuergerät übermittelt werden, welche die Vorgabe des Motorsteuergerätes umsetzt und unter Berücksichtigung eines im Glühkerzensteuergerät gespeicherten Modells der Glühkerzen die elektrische Leistung steuert, die den Glühkerzen zugeführt wird. Dazu bedarf es einer gegenseitigen Anpassung der beiden Steuergeräte und der in ihnen ablaufenden Algorithmen, soweit sie die Steuerung der Glühkerzen betreffen.It is state of the art that the engine control unit decides on the basis of evaluations that it makes itself, when annealing processes are triggered and how long they last. For this purpose, the engine control unit has an intelligence that is exercised by means of a state machine, which is integrated in the engine control unit. The state machine operates according to a rigid, fixed scheme and generates command signals which are communicated to the engine block mounted on the glow plug control device, which implements the specification of the engine control unit and, taking into account a stored in the glow plug control model of the glow plugs, the electrical power controls the glow plugs is supplied. This requires a mutual adaptation of the two control devices and the algorithms running in them, insofar as they relate to the control of the glow plugs.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Aufwand für das Verwirklichen der Steuerung von Glühkerzen zu verringern.The present invention has for its object to reduce the cost of realizing the control of glow plugs.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by a method having the features specified in
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben von Glühkerzen, die mit einem Glühelement in einen Dieselmotor hineinragen, welcher mit einem Motorsteuergerät und mit einem Glühkerzensteuergerät zusammenarbeitet, welches im Anschluss an eine Vorglühphase die den Glühkerzen zugeführte elektrische Leistung in Abhängigkeit von einer vom Motorsteuergerät erhaltenen Vorgabe steuert, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Motorsteuergerät eine Größe ermittelt, welche ein Maß für eine Soll-Beharrungstemperatur ist, die am Glühelement auftreten soll, und diese Größe als Zielvorgabe an das Glühkerzensteuergerät übermittelt, welches diese Zielvorgabe mit einem im Glühkerzensteuergerät gespeicherten Algorithmus und unter Berücksichtigung von im Glühkerzensteuergerät gespeicherten Kennwerten umsetzt, wobei die Zielvorgabe eine Änderung der Beharrungstemperatur des Glühelements von einer ersten Soll-Beharrungstemperatur zu einer zweiten Soll-Beharrungstemperatur bewirkt.The inventive method for operating glow plugs, which protrude with a glow element in a diesel engine, which cooperates with an engine control unit and a glow plug control device, which controls following a Vorglühphase the glow plugs supplied electric power in response to a specification received from the engine control unit is characterized in that the engine control unit determines a quantity which is a measure of a target steady-state temperature which is to occur at the glow element and transmits that quantity as a target to the glow plug control device which sets this target with an algorithm stored in the glow plug control device and taking into account Glow plug controller converts stored characteristic values, wherein the target causes a change in the steady-state temperature of the glow element from a first target steady-state temperature to a second target steady-state temperature.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann die Temperatur des Glühelements bei laufendem Motor in Abhängigkeit von dem Betriebszustand des Dieselmotors geändert werden. Für die Temperatur einer Glühkerze im Anschluss an eine Vorglühphase, also bei laufendem Motor, hat sich der Begriff Beharrungstemperatur eingebürgert, da diese nach dem Stand der Technik möglichst konstant gehalten wird. Obwohl bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die Temperatur bei laufendem Motor nach Vorgaben des Motorsteuergeräts geändert werden kann, und folglich nicht konstant bleibt, wird der gebräuchliche Begriff Beharrungstemperatur beibehalten. Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gibt es im Unterschied zum Stand der Technik eben nicht nur eine einzige, sondern mehrere Soll-Beharrungstemperaturen, gemäß welchen das Glühkerzensteuergerät die Temperatur des Glühelements steuert.In the method according to the invention, the temperature of the glow element with the engine running depending on the operating state of the diesel engine can be changed. For the temperature of a glow plug following a Vorglühphase, ie with the engine running, the term steady temperature has become common, since this is kept as constant as possible according to the prior art. Although in a method according to the invention, the temperature can be changed with the engine running according to specifications of the engine control unit, and thus does not remain constant, the usual term steady state temperature is maintained. In a method according to the invention, in contrast to the prior art, there are not just a single but a plurality of desired steady-state temperatures, according to which the glow plug control device controls the temperature of the glow element.
Das hat wesentliche Vorteile:
- Das Glühkerzensteuergerät erhält eine Zielvorgabe, nämlich die Temperatur, die am Glühelement auftreten soll, oder eine Größe, welche ein Maß für diese Temperatur ist, welche aus der Sicht des Motorbetriebes die eigentlich funktionsgerechte Zielgröße ist, denn die Temperatur des Glühelementes, insbesondere dessen Oberflächentemperatur ist entscheidend dafür, dass das Kraftstoff-LuftGemisch in der Start- und Kaltlaufphase des Dieselmotors einwandfrei gezündet werden kann und sie kann in weiteren Motor-Betriebspunkten einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf Emission und Motorlauf haben.
- Die Mindestanforderung an die Temperatur des Glühelementes der Glühkerzen, um eine Zündung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches zu erreichen, hängt vom Typ des Motors, von seinem Betriebszustand und von der Fahrweise ab, wohingegen die Abhängigkeit vom Typ der verwendeten Glühkerze vernachlässigbar ist. Es ist deshalb optimal, wenn das Motorsteuergerät eine Größe ermittelt, die ein Maß für die Temperatur, die am Glühelement der Glühkerzen auftreten soll. Diese Größe kann mit der Soll-Temperatur übereinstimmen oder systematisch geringfügig von ihr abweichen.
- Das Verhalten von Glühkerzen im Dieselmotor ist abhängig vom Typ der Glühkerze. Es ist deshalb optimal, die Kennwerte und Randbedingungen, unter denen das Glühelement von Glühkerzen eine als Ziel vorgegebene Temperatur annimmt, ausschließlich im Glühkerzensteuergerät zu berücksichtigen, denn dann benötigt das Glühkerzensteuergerät nur eine einzige Zielvorgabe, nämlich die Temperatur, die am Glühelement auftreten soll, oder eine Größe, die ein Maß für diese Temperatur ist.
- Das Glühkerzensteuergerät kann auf der Grundlage der Zielvorgabe selbständig arbeiten. Umgekehrt kann das Motorsteuergerät ohne besondere Rücksichtnahme auf die konkrete Arbeitsweise des Glühkerzensteuergerätes arbeiten, solange es nur eine Zielvorgabe für die Temperatur liefert, die vom Glühkerzensteuergerät verarbeitet werden kann.
- Infolgedessen können das Motorsteuergerät auf der einen Seite und das Glühkerzensteuergerät auf der anderen Seite in Aufbau und Arbeitsweise im wesentlichen unabhängig voneinander verwirklicht werden. Wechselseitige Einschränkungen für die Arbeitsweise der beiden Steuergeräte sind minimiert, was bedeutet, dass es für das Gestalten der beiden Steuergeräte und ihrer Arbeitsweisen ein Maximum an Freiheitsgraden gibt. Der Entwickler des Motorsteuergerätes ist insbesondere nicht mehr durch eine nach einem starren Schema arbeitende, auf das Glühkerzensteuergerät abgestimmte State-Machine eingeschränkt.
- Der Glühkerzenhersteller, welcher prädestiniert dafür ist, das Steuergerät für die von ihm zur Verfügung gestellten Glühkerzen herzustellen und seine Arbeitsweise zu bestimmen, kann dieses ohne besondere Rücksichtnahme auf das Motorsteuergerät tun.
- Da das Motorsteuergerät die Temperatur, die am Glühelement der Glühkerzen auftreten soll, vorgibt, besteht keine Abhängigkeit der Steuerung der Glühkerzen von einem Zustand der Motorsteuerung oder von einem Zustandsübergang in der Motorsteuerung. Das Glühkerzensteuergerät kann auf jede Vorgabe des Motorsteuergerätes autonom reagieren.
- The glow plug control device receives a target, namely the temperature that is to occur on the glow element, or a size which is a measure of this temperature, which is the actually functional target size from the point of view of engine operation, because the temperature of the glow element, in particular its surface temperature It is crucial for the fuel-air mixture to be properly ignited during the start and cold-start phases of the diesel engine and for it to have a decisive influence on emissions and engine operation at other engine operating points.
- The minimum requirement for the temperature of the glow plug of the glow plugs to achieve ignition of the fuel-air mixture depends on the type of engine, its operating condition and driving style, whereas the dependence on the type of glow plug used is negligible. It is therefore optimal if the engine control unit determines a quantity that is a measure of the temperature that is to occur at the glow element of the glow plugs. This size may be the same as the target temperature or slightly different from it systematically.
- The behavior of glow plugs in the diesel engine depends on the type of glow plug. It is therefore optimal to consider the characteristics and boundary conditions under which the glow plug of glow plugs assumes a target temperature, exclusively in the glow plug control unit, because then the glow plug control unit requires only a single target, namely the temperature that is to occur on the glow element, or a size that is a measure of this temperature.
- The glow plug controller may operate independently based on the target. Conversely, the engine control unit may operate without special consideration for the actual operation of the glow plug control device, as long as it provides only a target for the temperature that can be processed by the glow plug control unit.
- As a result, the engine controller on the one hand and the glow plug controller on the other can be realized substantially independently in structure and operation. Mutual restrictions for the operation of the two control units are minimized, which means that there is a maximum of degrees of freedom for the design of the two controllers and their ways of working. In particular, the developer of the engine control unit is no longer restricted by a state machine which operates according to a rigid scheme and which is adapted to the glow plug control unit.
- The glow plug manufacturer, who is predestined to produce the control unit for the glow plugs provided by him and to determine its operation, can do this without special consideration for the engine control unit.
- Since the engine controller determines the temperature that is desired to occur at the glow plug of the glow plugs, there is no dependence of the control of the glow plugs on a state of the engine control or on a state transition in the engine control. The glow plug control unit can react autonomously to any specification of the engine control unit.
Im Stand der Technik werden die Glühkerzen im Anschluss an eine Vorglühphase so gesteuert, dass die Temperatur, die am Glühelement auftritt, nach Möglichkeit auf einem vorgegebenen Wert verharrt, weshalb diese Temperatur als die Beharrungstemperatur bezeichnet wird. In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Zielvorgabe, die das Motorsteuergerät für die Temperatur liefert, die am Glühelement auftreten soll, jedoch bei laufendem Dieselmotor veränderlich, so dass die Beharrungstemperatur an den Betriebszustand des Dieselmotors angepasst werden kann. Das führt zu einer Reihe weiterer Vorteile:
- Die Glühkerzentemperatur kann optimiert werden, indem sie an den Betriebszustand des Dieselmotors angepasst wird.
- Die Glühkerze kann nicht nur in der Startphase und wenige Minuten danach eingesetzt werden, sondern kann über einen längeren Zeitraum verbrennungsunterstützend eingesetzt werden.
- Das Einsetzen von Glühkerzen zur Verbrennungsunterstützung erlaubt eine Reduzierung des Schadstoffausstoßes des Dieselmotors.
- Eine Verlängerung der Einsatzdauer von Glühkerzen ist von besonderem Vorteil im Hinblick auf die Bestrebung der Hersteller von Dieselmotoren, die Verdichtung des Dieselmotors herabzusetzen, um den Ausstoß von Stickoxiden zu vermindem. Mit abnehmender Verdichtung verschlechtert sich jedoch das Kaltlaufverhalten des Dieselmotors und die Zündtemperatur des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches steigt an. Diesen Nachteilen kann die Weiterbildung der Erfindung abhelfen.
- Mit zunehmender Erwärmung des Motors kann die Temperatur am Glühelement der Glühkerzen verringert werden. Das führt zu einer Verlängerung der Lebensdauer der Glühkerzen.
- In Schubphasen des Dieselmotors können die Glühkerzen mit stark reduzierter Glühleistung zur Verbrennungsunterstützung betrieben werden, was zur Erhöhung der Lebensdauer der Glühkerzen beiträgt.
- Bei steigender Motorbelastung, insbesondere bei Volllast, kann die Temperatur des Glühelementes der Glühkerzen zeitweise erhöht werden, um die Verbrennung zu unterstützen und den Schadstoffausstoß zu vermindern sowie um bei noch nicht betriebsamem Motor die Laufruhe des Motors zu verbessern.
- Fahrzeuge, die im Abgasstrang des Dieselmotors einen Partikelfilter haben, müssen diesen von Zeit zu Zeit regenerieren, z. B. durch zeitweises Erhöhen der Abgas-Temperatur, um die am Filter haftenden Partikel zu verbrennen. Die Temperaturerhöhung kann z. B. durch Nacheinspritzen von Dieselkraftstoff in die Zylinder während der Expansionsphase erreicht werden. Wird in dieser Phase das Glühelement bei niedriger Temperatur betrieben, begünstigt das die Temperaturerhöhung am Partikelfilter. Besonders hervorzuheben ist die Möglichkeit, die Glühkerzentemperatur dann abzusenken, wenn die im Stand der Technik eingestellte relativ hohe Beharrungstemperatur von z. B. 1000°C bei Stahlglühkerzen nicht benötigt wird. Die sich daraus ergebende verringerte Belastung der Glühkerze kann entweder genutzt werden, um deren Lebensdauer drastisch zu verlängern oder um sie ohne Einbuße an Lebensdauer über längere Zeiträume verbrennungsunterstützend einzusetzen.
- The glow plug temperature can be optimized by adjusting it to the operating condition of the diesel engine.
- The glow plug can not only be used in the start phase and a few minutes later, but can also be used over a longer period for combustion support.
- The use of glow plugs for combustion support allows a reduction of pollutant emissions of the diesel engine.
- An extension of the service life of glow plugs is of particular advantage in view of the efforts of the manufacturers of diesel engines to reduce the compression of the diesel engine in order to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides. With decreasing compression, however, the cold running behavior of the diesel engine deteriorates and the ignition temperature of the fuel-air mixture increases. These disadvantages, the development of the invention can remedy.
- With increasing heating of the engine, the temperature at the glow element of the glow plugs can be reduced. This leads to an extension of the life of the glow plugs.
- In overrun phases of the diesel engine, the glow plugs can be operated with greatly reduced glow power for combustion support, which contributes to increasing the life of the glow plugs.
- With increasing engine load, especially at full load, the temperature of the glow element of the glow plugs can be temporarily increased to support the combustion and reduce pollutant emissions and to improve the smoothness of the engine with not yet operational engine.
- Vehicles that have a particulate filter in the exhaust line of the diesel engine, have to regenerate it from time to time, eg. B. by temporarily increasing the exhaust gas temperature to burn the particles adhering to the filter. The temperature increase can z. B. be achieved by injecting diesel fuel into the cylinder during the expansion phase. If the glow element is operated at low temperature in this phase, this favors the increase in temperature at the particle filter. Particularly noteworthy is the ability to lower the Glühkerzentemperatur then when the set in the prior art relatively high steady-state temperature of z. B. 1000 ° C for steel glow plugs is not needed. The resulting reduced load on the glow plug can either be used to drastically extend their life or to use them without loss of service life for longer periods supporting combustion.
Das Motorsteuergerät ermittelt die Zielvorgabe für die Temperatur am Glühelement der Glühkerze in vorteilhafter Weise in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebszustand des Dieselmotors. Dabei kommt nicht nur eine Berücksichtigung des aktuellen Betriebszustandes des Dieselmotors in Frage, vielmehr kann auch die vorausgegangene Entwicklung des Betriebszustandes des Dieselmotors, die das Motorsteuergerät mit Hilfe von ihm zugeordneten Sensoren beobachten kann, bei der Ermittlung der Zielvorgabe für die Temperatur berücksichtigt werden. Das erlaubt eine schnellere Reaktion auf Änderungen des Betriebszustandes des Dieselmotors, die auf der Grundlage der beobachteten vorausgegangenen Entwicklung sogar für einen gewissen Zeitraum prognostiziert werden kann. Insbesondere kann das das Motorsteuergerät die Entwicklung des Motorzustands prognostizieren und die Zielvorgabe in Abhängigkeit von der prognostizierten Entwicklung des Motorzustands ermitteln. Dabei kann das Motorsteuergerät die Entwicklung des Motorzustands auf der Grundlage der voraus gegangenen Entwicklung des Motorzustandes prognostizieren.The engine control unit determines the target temperature for the glow element of the glow plug in an advantageous manner depending on the operating state of the diesel engine. It is not only a consideration of the current operating condition of the diesel engine in question, but also the previous development of the operating condition of the diesel engine, which can observe the engine control unit with the aid of sensors associated with it, be taken into account in determining the target for the temperature. This allows a faster response to changes in the Operating condition of the diesel engine, which can be predicted on the basis of the observed past development even for a certain period of time. In particular, the engine control unit may predict the development of the engine condition and determine the target in dependence on the predicted development of the engine condition. At the same time, the engine control unit may predict the evolution of the engine condition based on the previous evolution of the engine condition.
Bevorzugt unterscheiden sich die erste und die zweite Soll-Beharrungstemperatur höchstens um 300 K, besonders bevorzugt um nicht mehr als 200 K. Die für verschiedene Betriebszustände eines Dieselmotors optimalen Temperaturen liegen typischerweise in einem Bereich von 1000°C bis 1300°C, so dass die erste Soll-Beharrungstemperatur bevorzugt mindestens 1000°C beträgt. Anpassungen der Soll-Beharrungstemperatur an geänderte Umstände machen deshalb nur sehr selten größere Temperatursprünge als 300 K erforderlich; meist liegt der Unterschied zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Beharrungstemperatur bei nicht mehr als 200 K, insbesondere bei nicht mehr als 150K.Preferably, the first and the second set steady-state temperature do not differ by more than 300 K, more preferably not more than 200 K. The optimum temperatures for various operating conditions of a diesel engine are typically in a range of 1000 ° C to 1300 ° C, so that the first target steady-state temperature is preferably at least 1000 ° C. Adjustments to the target steady-state temperature to changed circumstances therefore rarely require larger temperature jumps than 300 K; usually the difference between the first and the second steady-state temperature is not more than 200 K, in particular not more than 150K.
Je nachdem ob die zweite Soll-Beharrungstemperatur größer oder kleiner als die erste Soll-Beharrungstemperatur ist, wird das Glühelement zur Änderung der Beharrungstemperatur aufgeheizt oder abgekühlt. Bevorzugt bewirkt der bei einem Aufheizen von dem Glühkerzensteuergerät ausgeführte Algorithmus ein Überschwingen der Temperatur des Glühelements über die zweite Soll-Beharrungstemperatur hinaus. Dies hat den Vorteil einer besonders schnellen Anpassung der Glühtemperatur an einen geänderten Betriebszustand des Motors. In entsprechender Weise bewirkt der bei einem Abkühlen von dem Glühkerzensteuergerät ausgeführte Algorithmus ein Überschwingen, eigentlich ein Unterschwingen, der Temperatur des Glühelements unter die zweite Soll-Beharrungstemperatur.Depending on whether the second target steady-state temperature is greater or less than the first target steady-state temperature, the annealing element is heated or cooled to change the steady-state temperature. Preferably, the algorithm performed upon heating by the glow plug controller causes the temperature of the glow element to overshoot beyond the second desired steady-state temperature. This has the advantage of a particularly rapid adaptation of the annealing temperature to a changed operating state of the engine. Similarly, the algorithm performed upon cooling by the glow plug controller causes overshoot, actually undershoot, of the temperature of the glow element below the second desired steady state temperature.
Für die Wirksamkeit einer Glühkerze kommt es primär auf die Oberflächentemperatur des Glühelements der Glühkerzen an. Die Oberflächentemperatur ist deshalb primäres Ziel für die vom Motorsteuergerät zu ermittelnde Vorgabe. Bevorzugt ist deshalb die Zielvorgabe ein Maß für die Oberflächentemperatur des Glühelements der Glühkerzen ist.The effectiveness of a glow plug depends primarily on the surface temperature of the glow element of the glow plugs. The surface temperature is therefore the primary objective for the specification to be determined by the engine control unit. Preferably, therefore, the target is a measure of the surface temperature of the glow element of the glow plugs.
Die Oberflächentemperatur des Glühelementes der Glühkerzen kann insbesondere bei keramischen Glühkerzen aus dem temperaturabhängigen Wertes des elektrischen Widerstands gemessen werden.The surface temperature of the glow element of the glow plugs can be measured, in particular in the case of ceramic glow plugs, from the temperature-dependent value of the electrical resistance.
Es ist jedoch möglich, aus Erfahrungswerten, welche auf einem Motorprüfstand gewonnen werden können, ein Modell für das Verhalten eines bestimmten Glühkerzentyps in einem bestimmten Dieselmotor zu bilden und dieses in Form von Kennlinien und/oder Kennfeldern im Glühkerzensteuergerät zu speichern und nach den gespeicherten Kennlinien und Kennfeldern die Glühkerzen so anzusteuern, dass sie zu bestimmten Zeiten mit einer bestimmten effektiven Spannung versorgt werden, mit welcher man die Zieltemperatur erreicht oder ihr hinreichend nahe kommt. Für die Auswahl der effektiven Spannung und der Länge der Zeiträume in denen die Glühkerzen mit der ausgewählten effektiven Spannung versorgt werden, werden im Glühkerzensteuergerät Kennwerte und Randbedingungen berücksichtigt, die im Glühkerzensteuergerät gespeichert sind. Zu den Kennwerten und Randbedingungen, die im Glühkerzensteuergerät gespeichert sein können und von denen eine oder mehrere berücksichtigt werden können, gehören der Motortyp, der Glühkerzentyp, der elektrische Widerstand der Glühkerzen bei einer Referenztemperatur, die Abhängigkeit des elektrischen Widerstandes der Glühkerze von der Temperatur, die Wärmekapazität der Glühkerzen, das Abkühlverhalten der Glühkerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl des Motors, von der Kühlmitteltemperatur und vom Vorzeichen einer Drehzahländerung des Motors, ferner die Wärmezufuhr aus Verbrennungen unter einem oder mehreren ausgewählten Lastzuständen des Motors. Auch Grenz- und Schwellenwerte, welche die Umsetzung der vom Motorsteuergerät übermittelten Zielvorgabe im Glühsteuergerät begrenzen, können mit Vorteil berücksichtigt werden; so kann z. B. sichergestellt werden, dass eine vom Motorsteuergerät übermittelte Zielvorgabe für die Temperatur des Glühelementes, welche die eingesetzten Glühkerzen überlasten würde, auf einen Wert begrenzt wird, der für die eingesetzten Glühkerzen noch zuträglich ist. Die Zielvorgabe des Motorsteuergerätes für die Temperatur des Glühelementes kann deshalb in einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung vom Glühkerzensteuergerät interpretiert und an den eingesetzten Glühkerzentyp angepasst werden, nachdem das Glühkerzensteuergerät ihn selbst ermittelt hat oder er dem Glühkerzensteuergerät eingegeben worden ist. Die Anpassung kann in einer Erhöhung oder Erniedrigung der Temperaturvorgabe und in einer Änderung des dahin führenden Temperaturverlaufs liegen, der ausgehend von einer im Glühsteuergerät gespeicherten Musterkennlinie einer Glühkerze durch Abwandlung der Musterkennlinie bestimmt werden könnte. Im Glühkerzensteuergerät wird daraufhin festgelegt, mit welcher Energie die Glühkerzen versorgt werden sollen und sie werden dann entsprechend gesteuert. Auch die Kühlmitteltemperatur kann zur Bildung eines Grenzwertes herangezogen werden, z. B. in der Weise, dass eine Zielvorgabe des Motorsteuergerätes für eine höhere Glühkerzentemperatur unberücksichtigt bleibt, um die Glühkerzen zu schonen, wenn und solange die Kühlmitteltemperatur einen Grenzwert überschreitet.However, it is possible, based on empirical values that can be obtained on an engine test bench, to form a model for the behavior of a specific type of glow plug in a particular diesel engine and to store this in the form of characteristic curves and / or characteristic diagrams in the glow plug control unit and according to the stored characteristic curves and Characteristics to control the glow plugs so that they are supplied at certain times with a certain effective voltage, with which one reaches the target temperature or comes close enough. For the selection of the effective voltage and the length of the periods in which the glow plugs are supplied with the selected effective voltage, characteristic values and boundary conditions stored in the glow plug control device are taken into account in the glow plug control device. Among the characteristics and constraints that may be stored in the glow plug controller and one or more of which may be considered include the type of engine, the glow plug type, the electrical resistance of the glow plugs at a reference temperature, the dependence of the electrical resistance of the glow plug on the temperature The heat capacity of the glow plugs, the cooling behavior of the glow plugs in dependence on the speed of the engine, the coolant temperature and the sign of a speed change of the engine, and the heat supply from burns under one or more selected load conditions of the engine. Limit and threshold values which limit the conversion of the target specification transmitted by the engine control unit in the annealing control unit can also be taken into account with advantage; so z. Example, be ensured that a transmitted from the engine control unit target for the temperature of the heating element, which would overload the glow plugs used, is limited to a value that is still beneficial for the glow plugs used. The target of the engine control unit for the temperature of the glow element can therefore be interpreted in an advantageous development of the invention of the glow plug control and adapted to the type of glow plug used after the glow plug control device has determined himself or he has been entered the glow plug control unit. The adjustment may be an increase or decrease in the temperature setting and a change in the temperature are leading temperature profile, which could be determined by a stored in the annealing control device pattern characteristic of a glow plug by modification of the pattern characteristic. In the glow plug control device is then determined with which energy the glow plugs are to be supplied and they are then controlled accordingly. The coolant temperature can be used to form a limit, z. B. in such a way that a target of the engine control unit for a higher glow plug temperature remains unconsidered to spare the glow plugs, if and as long as the coolant temperature exceeds a limit.
In Ergänzung zu der Zielvorgabe für die Temperatur des Glühelementes der Glühkerzen kann das Glühkerzensteuergerät bei der Umsetzung der Zielvorgabe mit Vorteil Parameter berücksichtigen, welche ihm von außen, vorzugsweise vom Motorsteuergerät, zugeführt werden, nämlich z. B. die Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge je Takt, die Kühlmitteltemperatur, die Drehzahl des Dieselmotors, das Vorzeichen einer Drehzahländerung des Dieselmotors und die Temperatur der in die Zylinder des Dieselmotors einströmenden Verbrennungsluft.In addition to the target for the temperature of the glow plug of the glow plugs, the glow plug control device can take into account in the implementation of the target with advantage parameters which are supplied to it from the outside, preferably from the engine control unit, namely z. As the fuel injection rate per clock, the coolant temperature, the speed of the diesel engine, the sign of a speed change of the diesel engine and the temperature of the incoming into the cylinder of the diesel engine combustion air.
Das Glühsteuergerät kann ferner die maximal mögliche Temperatur z. B. beim Einsatz von Stahl-Glühkerzen berücksichtigen. Es kann auf Basis des durch das Glühsteuergerät ermittelten oder eines mitgeteilten Glühkerzentyps die vorgegebene Temperatur begrenzen oder interpretieren.The Glühsteuergerät can also the maximum possible temperature z. B. consider when using steel glow plugs. It may limit or interpret the predetermined temperature based on the type of glow plug detected or communicated by the glow controller.
Vorzugsweise wird die Zielvorgabe für die Temperatur des Glühelementes vom Motorsteuergerät so ermittelt, dass zunächst eine Grundtemperatur für die Nachglühphase vorgegeben wird und dass eine niedrigere Temperatur als die Grundtemperatur in einem oder mehreren der nachfolgenden Fälle als Ziel vorgegeben wird: Der Dieselmotor befindet sich im Schubbetrieb (in diesem Fall kann die Kraftstoffzufuhr abgeschaltet sein); die Kühlmitteltemperatur überschreitet einen Schwellenwert (je höher die Kühlmitteltemperatur ist, desto eher kann auf eine Unterstützung der Verbrennung durch eine heiße Glühkerze verzichtet werden); die Temperatur der in die Zylinder einströmenden Verbrennungsluft überschreitet einen Schwellenwert (eine Erhöhung der Temperatur der Verbrennungsluft erhöht die Zündfähigkeit des Gemisches und erlaubt eine Herabsetzung der Glühkerzentemperatur); die Spannung der im Fahrzeug vorhandenen elektrischen Stromquelle (Bordnetzspannung) unterschreitet einen Grenzwert (die Stromentnahme aus dem Bordnetz wird vorsorglich begrenzt, falls dieses zu schwach ist).Preferably, the target value for the temperature of the glow element is determined by the engine control unit so that a basic temperature for the afterglow phase is initially set and that a lower temperature than the base temperature in one or more of the following cases is specified as a target: The diesel engine is in overrun mode ( in this case, the fuel supply may be switched off); the coolant temperature exceeds a threshold (the higher the coolant temperature, the more likely it is possible to dispense with hot glow plug combustion support); the temperature of the combustion air entering the cylinders exceeds a threshold (an increase in the temperature of the combustion air increases the ignitability of the mixture and allows the glow plug temperature to be lowered); the voltage of the existing electric vehicle Current source (vehicle electrical system voltage) falls below a limit (as a precaution, the current drain from the electrical system is limited if this is too weak).
Eine höhere Temperatur als die bisher vom Motorsteuergerät vorgegebene Temperatur kann vom Motorsteuergerät z. B. dann vorgegeben werden, wenn einer oder mehrere der nachfolgenden Fälle vorliegen: Der Schadstoffgehalt im Abgas des Dieselmotors überschreitet einen oder mehrere Grenzwerte (in diesem Fall kann eine Erhöhung der Glühkerzentemperatur die Verbrennung unterstützen); eine Schubphase des Dieselmotors wird beendet (die in der Schubphase kälter gewordene Glühkerze wird für den folgenden Lastfall wieder aufgeheizt); die Kühlmitteltemperatur unterschreitet einen Schwellenwert, wie es in längerem Stop-and-Go-Betrieb vorkommt (eine Erhöhung der Glühkerzentemperatur unterstützt die Verbrennung und reduziert den Schadstoffausstoß, was insbesondere im Stadtverkehr wichtig ist); die Temperatur der in die Zylinder einströmenden Verbrennungsluft unterschreitet einen Schwellenwert (eine Erhöhung der Glühkerzentemperatur unterstützt die Verbrennung und reduziert den Schadstoffausstoß); die Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge oder die Last des Dieselmotors steigt und/oder überschreitet einen Schwellenwert (die Glühkerze kann mit erhöhter Temperatur mindestens vorübergehend verbrennungsunterstützend wirken); während des Glühens zur Unterstützung der Regeneration eines im Abgasstrang des Dieselmotors vorhandenen Partikelfilters.A higher temperature than the previously specified by the engine control unit temperature can from the engine control unit z. For example, if one or more of the following cases exist: the pollutant content in the exhaust of the diesel engine exceeds one or more limits (in which case, increasing the glow plug temperature may assist in combustion); a coasting phase of the diesel engine is ended (the glow plug, which has become colder during the coasting phase, is reheated for the following load case); the coolant temperature falls below a threshold as it occurs in prolonged stop-and-go operation (an increase in the glow plug temperature promotes combustion and reduces pollutant emissions, which is particularly important in city traffic); the temperature of the combustion air entering the cylinders falls below a threshold (an increase in the glow plug temperature promotes combustion and reduces pollutant emissions); the fuel injection amount or load of the diesel engine increases and / or exceeds a threshold (the glow plug may act to assist combustion at least temporarily with combustion support); during annealing to assist the regeneration of a particulate filter present in the exhaust line of the diesel engine.
Beispielsweise kann im Glühkerzensteuergerät eine Matrix aus Korrekturwerten gespeichert sein, mit welchen die für einen Standardfall vorgesehene Zufuhr von elektrischer Energie zu einer Glühkerze in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl und dem momentanen Kraftstoffverbrauch (z. B. in mm3 pro Hub) korrigiert wird. Die Matrix enthält die Korrekturwerte für diskrete Wertepaare von Drehzahl und Verbrauch. Tendenziell wird die Energiezufuhr zu den Glühkerzen mit steigender Drehzahl erhöht und mit steigendem Verbrauch gesenkt.For example, a matrix of correction values can be stored in the glow plug control device with which the supply of electrical energy to a glow plug intended for a standard case is corrected as a function of the rotational speed and the instantaneous fuel consumption (eg in mm 3 per stroke). The matrix contains the correction values for discrete value pairs of speed and consumption. The energy supply to the glow plugs tends to increase with increasing speed and decreases with increasing consumption.
Das im Glühkerzensteuergerät in Gestalt von Kennwerten, Kennfeldern gespeicherte Modell der Glühkerzen und ihres Verhaltens im Dieselmotor erlaubt es dem Glühkerzensteuergerät, die Zielvorgabe des Motorsteuergerätes für die Temperatur des Glühelementes der Glühkerzen in einem offenen Regelkreis umzusetzen.The model of the glow plugs stored in the glow plug control unit in the form of characteristic values, characteristic diagrams and their behavior in the diesel engine allows the glow plug control device to implement the target value of the engine control unit for the temperature of the glow plug of the glow plugs in an open control loop.
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007031613A DE102007031613B4 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2007-07-06 | Method of operating glow plugs in diesel engines |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2012002A2 true EP2012002A2 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
| EP2012002A3 EP2012002A3 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
| EP2012002B1 EP2012002B1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08011013.3A Active EP2012002B1 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-06-18 | Method for operating glow plugs in diesel engines |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7881851B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2012002B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2009013979A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101501043B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102007031613B4 (en) |
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| WO2011107345A1 (en) * | 2010-03-03 | 2011-09-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for controlling a temperature of a pencil glow plug in an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle |
| EP2711540A4 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2015-12-30 | Bosch Corp | INCANDESCENT CANDLE ATTACK CONTROL METHOD AND INCANDESCENT CANDLE ATTACK CONTROL DEVICE |
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| DE102009038098B4 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-07-07 | Beru AG, 71636 | Method for operating a glow plug with the engine running |
| DE102010011044B4 (en) | 2010-03-11 | 2012-12-27 | Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh | Method for controlling a glow plug |
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| DE102011004514A1 (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and control unit for setting a temperature of a glow plug |
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| EP2711540A4 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2015-12-30 | Bosch Corp | INCANDESCENT CANDLE ATTACK CONTROL METHOD AND INCANDESCENT CANDLE ATTACK CONTROL DEVICE |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2012002B1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
| US7881851B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 |
| US20090012695A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
| JP2009013979A (en) | 2009-01-22 |
| EP2012002A3 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
| DE102007031613A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
| KR101501043B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
| DE102007031613B4 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
| KR20090004530A (en) | 2009-01-12 |
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