EP2010329B1 - Ball mill with a housing and a housing cover - Google Patents

Ball mill with a housing and a housing cover Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2010329B1
EP2010329B1 EP06792376A EP06792376A EP2010329B1 EP 2010329 B1 EP2010329 B1 EP 2010329B1 EP 06792376 A EP06792376 A EP 06792376A EP 06792376 A EP06792376 A EP 06792376A EP 2010329 B1 EP2010329 B1 EP 2010329B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ball mill
cap
housing
mill according
carrying device
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EP06792376A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2010329A1 (en
Inventor
Markus Bund
Wolfgang Mutter
Gerhard BÄR
Egbert Huwer
Hermann Michel
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Fritsch GmbH
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Fritsch GmbH
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Publication of EP2010329A1 publication Critical patent/EP2010329A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/04Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container
    • B02C17/08Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container with containers performing a planetary movement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18Details
    • B02C17/182Lids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ball mill with a housing which houses a carrier device with grinding stations in a grinding chamber and can be closed with a housing cover, in particular a planetary or centrifugal ball mill on a laboratory scale, according to the generic part of claim 1.
  • Lab scale ball mills are used for a wide range of applications, in particular for crushing and mixing samples and for mechanical alloying.
  • An overview of common laboratory mills can be found on the applicant's website at www.fritsch.de.
  • grinding bowls are arranged eccentrically to a center axis and move on a circular orbit about the center axis. As a result of the rotation of the grinding bowls, a centrifugal force directed radially outwards is exerted on the grinding stock.
  • planetary ball mills are based on creating a combined orbital and rotational motion for the grinding bowls by additional rotation about the grinding bowl axis in the laboratory system.
  • the drive of the grinding bowls in a planetary ball mill thus causes an absolute rotational movement of the grinding bowl about its own axis, the receiving or planetary axis, so that in a planetary ball mill compared to a centrifugal ball mill a significantly larger, further centrifugal component is generated. This is superimposed on the centrifugal component, which is generated by the circulation of the grinding bowls about the center axis. Finally, the Coriolis effect is also effective. These three forces result in the planetary ball mill a resulting force field to which the grinding balls and the ground material are exposed.
  • a planetary ball mill With certain dimensions of the rotating parts and certain rotational speeds trajectories for the grinding balls are generated in a planetary ball mill.
  • the grinding balls then move across the grinding bowl until they impinge on the inner wall of the grinding bowl. Thereafter, the grinding balls are taken along the inner circumference of the grinding bowl until the resulting force again ensures that the above-described transverse movement takes place and grinding balls perform a flight movement through the grinding bowl.
  • This is also referred to as "Wurfregime”.
  • a planetary ball mill can achieve a significantly better grinding effect at higher speeds.
  • Such laboratory planetary ball mills are usually built with one, two or four grinding stations.
  • the grinding stations are rotatably mounted as planets on a sun disk, which is designed as a support device for the grinding stations, wherein the carrier device rotates relative to the housing.
  • the grinding stations each include one Receiving device and at least one grinding vessel which is mounted in the receiving device.
  • the receiving devices are arranged completely above the carrier device and are mounted in a flying manner on the carrier device.
  • An example of such a planetary ball mill with a grinding station and a leveling compound is sold under the brand name "pulverisette® 6" (see www.fritsch.de) and is in the DE 197 12 905 C2 described. Another example is shown in the Japanese document JP-A-05146698 ,
  • the known mills have a housing to house the carrier device with the grinding stations, the drive and the control of the mill. Due to the structural design with the cantilevered receiving devices above the carrier device, the vertical extent of the movable or rotating parts is already relatively large. In addition, the grinding jars are clamped with screw terminals, which again need space upwards. On the other hand, the rotating parts should be completely enclosed within the housing for safety reasons. Therefore, in these ball mills, the grinding space, ie the interior of the housing housing the rotating parts, must be relatively bulky. In order to reach the grinding jars when the mill is at a standstill, the mill has a large, essentially scoop-shaped pivot lid, which is swung open to the top.
  • the opening is done manually and allows access to the entire carrier device, in particular all grinding stations at the same time, which may be difficult for the user to distinguish at several grinding stations, especially if the same grinding jars are used. As a result, incorrect operation, eg with different ground material in the grinding stations possible.
  • a disadvantage of this case is also the large footprint already the case in the closed state, even more in the open state. Also, the opened lid can be annoying when accessing the grinding jars.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a ball mill, which allows the standard user as possible only the necessary intervention options in the operation of the mill to reduce operating errors and ensures a particularly high level of simplicity of operation, especially in terms of access on the grinding jars.
  • the invention provides a ball mill, in particular a planetary or centrifugal ball mill on a laboratory scale, which comprises a housing that houses the functional components, in particular the rotating parts of the mill.
  • the support device rotates in operation within an interior in the housing relative to this about a center axis, on which the support device is rotatably mounted.
  • the carrier device furthermore has at least one grinding station with a receiving device for at least one grinding vessel, which in operation rotates about a receiving axis, preferably opposite to the carrier device, and at the same time is carried by the latter as "planet" in an orbit about the center axis or "sun".
  • the absolute speed ratio i.
  • the millbase is filled together with grinding balls in the grinding vessel, wherein the term "grinding balls” is not limited to spherical grinding media, but comprises grinding bodies of different shapes. This is basically familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • Each grinding vessel comprises a grinding bowl, which can be closed with a grinding bowl lid and fixed in the receiving device in order to make the mill ready for operation and to grind the material to be ground in the grinding vessel.
  • the housing defines and encloses the interior space in which the carrier device rotates with the grinding stations. This interior is referred to here as "grinding room” and is not to be confused with the interior of the grinding vessels.
  • the housing has a housing cover, which can be opened in the idle state of the mill to allow the user access to at least one grinding station to insert a grinding vessel in the receiving device or to remove from this.
  • the housing cover is convertible from an open to a closed position and vice versa, wherein in the open position access to the user is made possible on at least one grinding vessel and the ball mill can be operated in the closed position.
  • described mill is not a one-piece upwardly swiveled housing cover used, but the housing cover is formed at least in two parts, wherein the two lid parts mesh and are moved against each other to open the housing cover and close.
  • the cutout lid part at least one of the two cover parts, which is referred to below as the cutout lid part, a cutout, which in the open position, the access opening for the user to the grinding station or a section the carrier device defines and the other cover part, which is also referred to below as the closure lid part, closes the cutout by relative displacement to the cutout, preferably in the plane of rotation of the carrier device.
  • the lid according to the invention is considerably more space-saving and user-friendly. Furthermore, the two-part lid according to the invention can be driven automatically with low design effort motor, which further improves the ease of use.
  • the two lid parts are thus rotated to open and close parallel to the plane of rotation of the carrier device or coaxially to the center axis relative to each other.
  • the two cover parts are preferably hat-shaped with an upper end face and an at least partially encircling edge, wherein the two cut cylindrical hat shapes mesh suitable rotatable and thus at least partially lie flat against each other.
  • the cutout extends at least in the end face and optionally beyond the annular connecting edge between the end face and the edge, so that optionally also a portion of the edge is cut out.
  • the two lid parts are each cut sector-like and the cutouts are brought by relative rotation of the two lid parts to each other in overlap to define the open position and access through the access opening to the Grinding station release.
  • the non-cut portion of the closure lid part covers the cutout of the cut-out lid part and vice versa.
  • the cutout lid part preferably has a sector cutout of greater than 45 degrees, preferably greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees, preferably of 150 degrees ⁇ 30 degrees.
  • the non-cut portion of the closure lid part is larger than the sector cutout.
  • the two sector lid parts can be similarly shaped each with a sector cut slightly smaller than 180 degrees to provide the largest possible access opening in the open position and yet in the closed position, the two sections mutually completely close.
  • the term "sector" is not to be understood in the mathematically strict sense.
  • the cutouts do not extend as far as the axis of rotation in order to ensure sufficient overlap of the two cover parts there as well.
  • the relative displacement of the two cover parts relative to one another can take place in that one of the two cover parts, in particular the outer, is stationary and only the other, in particular the inner, is displaced or rotated in the plane of rotation of the support device, around the housing cover to open and close.
  • the fixed lid part is connected to a horizontal lid base plate of the housing and the inner lid portion has a lower ring portion with a circumferential guide ring.
  • the guide ring is guided under the lid base plate in a plurality of bearing rollers arranged along a circumference and rotatably supported.
  • the housing cover is preferably driven by a separate from the overall drive motor of the support device electric motor which is electronically controlled by the control device of the mill.
  • the opening and closing takes place essentially as part of a sequence control of the grinding process.
  • the drive motor is preferably designed as a DC motor and is reversed to rotate the rotatable housing cover part in both directions to open or close.
  • the drive is preferably carried out by the drive motor via a worm gear, which drives a toothed belt via a toothed belt, which is connected to the rotatable cover part.
  • the toothed belt is attached to the rotatable lid part at two points and is constantly engaged with the motor.
  • a pinion can be used which meshes directly with teeth which are mounted on the cylinder jacket of the rotatable lid part.
  • the worm can mesh directly with teeth or "gills" on the cylinder shell, so that the rotatable cover part practically represents the worm wheel.
  • a limit switch are attached to the housing cover for the closed and the open position, which are connected to the control device and report the achievement of the fully closed or open position of the housing cover to the control device, so that the control device in response to the message can close the closing or opening in the correct rotational position.
  • the limit switches are preferably designed as non-contact magnetic switches, which are advantageously robust and insensitive to dirt.
  • at least one magnet is fastened to the rotatable cover part, which in each case actuates a fixed Hall sensor for the open or closed position. In the normal case, one of the limit switches thus gives the stop signal for the motor in the open or closed position.
  • the mill has a safety circuit which monitors at least the closing of the housing cover continuously to a blockage of the rotatable lid part and terminates the closing when a Obstacle, for example, based on an increased torque is detected.
  • the current at the drive motor is particularly easily monitored, which is a measure of the torque required for closing.
  • the control device detects an increased current flow. When a predefined limit value for the motor current is exceeded, the closing process is stopped immediately and the housing cover is at least partially opened again.
  • control device may include a timer, which monitors the duration of the opening or closing until the message of the associated limit switch and also breaks off the opening or closing of the housing cover after exceeding a predefined maximum time duration. This is advantageous when e.g. one of the limit switches is defective.
  • the access opening allows the user in the lid shape according to the invention access preferably only to a portion of the support device, in particular only to a single of the grinding stations to insert or remove the associated grinding vessel.
  • the control device allows a user input, which includes the selection of a specific grinding station.
  • the mill preferably includes an angle detecting device for determining the absolute angular position of the carrier relative to the housing and automatically rotates the carrier in a position in which, with the housing cover open, manual access to precisely this selected grinding station in response to the user input and the determination of the angular position is possible.
  • the control device automatically opens the housing cover.
  • the control device turns the grinding station "# 1" to the position where, in the opened state, the grinding station Access opening is located, which is preferably on the user-facing side of the housing.
  • the control device is designed such that it can rotate the support device automatically, possibly in response to a corresponding user input in a desired angular position or stop there.
  • the angle detection device preferably comprises a coded arrangement of magnets on the carrier device and associated Hall sensors on the housing. Depending on the angular position of the carrier device, one or more of the magnets reach the sensitivity range of one or more of the Hall sensors. These are read out by the control device and the control device determines based on the spatial coding of the magnets at least in some rotational positions, the absolute angular position of the support device.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the planetary ball mill according to the invention with a cross-sectionally substantially L-shaped housing 1, which has a vertical leg 12 and a horizontal leg 14.
  • the drive motor for the carrier device and the control electronics are housed substantially and at this one pivoting touch-screen display 16 arranged for user input.
  • the housing 1, more precisely the horizontal leg 14, has a flat generally cylindrical hat-like housing cover 18, which is divided into a fixed cut-out cover part 182 and a rotatable closure cover part 184.
  • the rotatable closure lid part 184 In the closed position shown, the rotatable closure lid part 184 completely closes a cutout 183 of the cutout lid part 182.
  • the closure lid part 184 is rotatable in a horizontal plane which corresponds to the plane of rotation of the carrier device in order to be able to open the sector - like cutout 183
  • Closure cover part 184 has a cutout 185, which in the in Fig.
  • the lid 18 has substantially the shape of a flat circular cylinder, which rises from a horizontal lid base plate 19 of the housing.
  • the fixed cutout lid portion 182 is integrally connected to the lid base plate 19 of the housing 1.
  • the two cover parts 182, 184 are preferably made of plastic. Alternatively, they can also consist of sheet metal or cast aluminum.
  • Both cover parts 182, 184 each have an essentially horizontally extending end face 182a or 184a and an adjoining, vertical, partially circumferential edge 182b or 184b, which adjoins an annular edge 182c or 184c is connected to the respective end face.
  • Fig. 2 shows the planetary ball mill Fig. 1 with the housing cover 18 in the open position.
  • the rotatable shutter cover member 184 is rotated such that its sector-like cutout 185 overlaps with the sector-like cutout 183 of the fixed cutout lid member 182 to form an access opening 186 through which the user can access approximately the front half of the support apparatus 2.
  • the two cover parts 182 and 184 have corresponding cutouts 183, 185 which overlap in the open position and do not overlap in the closed position.
  • the two cover parts 182 and 184 thus open and close the access opening 186 in the manner of a rotary valve.
  • the user can access the front grinding station 3 in the illustration and remove the grinding jar 34 from the receiving device 32.
  • the receiving device 32 and the grinding vessel 34 show in this illustration some details that will not be discussed further here.
  • Fig. 3 (with closed housing cover 18) and Fig. 4 (With open housing cover 18) show longitudinal sections through the planetary ball mill, wherein some parts of the drive of the support device 2, such as the overall drive motor are not shown.
  • the carrier device 2 has two grinding stations 3 and 3 'with respective receiving device 32 or 32' and used grinding bowls 34 and 34 'and an upper and lower carrier disk 21 and 22, respectively.
  • the carrier device 2 rotates in a horizontal plane about a center axis 24, and the two grinding stations 3 and 3 ', respectively, are moved by the carrier device taken along the center axis and rotate simultaneously opposite to their own receiving axes 36 and 36 '.
  • the drive of the support device 2 and the grinding stations 3, 3 'via coupled belt drives which are known in the art in principle and z. B. in the DE 197 12 905 C2 to which reference is made and which is the subject of the present disclosure.
  • the DE 197 12 905 C2 Although it relates to another design of the carrier device, the drive 4 is similar.
  • the horizontal leg 14 of the device housing 1 together with the housing cover 18 defines an interior in which the moving parts of the grinding arrangement, in particular the carrier device 2 and the grinding stations 3 and 3 'are arranged.
  • This interior is referred to below as grinding chamber 40.
  • the grinding chamber can be opened and closed.
  • rotating parts of the grinding arrangement comprising the carrier device 2 and the grinding stations 3, 3 'are accommodated by the grinding chamber 40 of the device housing 1.
  • the grinding chamber 40 is bounded above by the housing cover 18.
  • the housing cover is further in Fig. 5 shown in closed position.
  • the rotatable closure lid part 184 is driven by a lid drive device 5, comprising an electric motor 52, which drives a toothed belt pulley 56 via a worm gear 54, more precisely turned.
  • the toothed belt pulley 56 stands with a in Fig. 5 not illustrated toothed belt 58 in engagement, wherein the toothed belt 58 is fixed to a lower ring portion 184 d of the rotatable cap member 184.
  • at least partially circumferential edge 184b extends vertically through the lid base plate 19 to the lower ring portion 184d.
  • the guide of the rotatable closure lid member 184 is best in FIG Fig. 6 to recognize.
  • the lower ring portion 184d has a circumferential guide edge 184e which is guided by a plurality of guide rollers 62 arranged on a circular ring.
  • the guide ensures the perfect fit, rotatable sliding together of the two cover parts 182 and 184th
  • the worm gear 54 is self-locking, so that opening of the housing cover 18 by turning the closure cover member 184 is avoided by hand.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of the top of the rotatable cap member 184 or as this is driven by the lid drive 5.
  • the timing belt 58 is attached to attachment points 57 on the lower ring portion 184d, is deflected by pulleys 59 and is in permanent engagement with the timing pulley 56.
  • the cap member 184 is rotated either left or right.
  • the two limit switches each comprise a Hall sensor 76 or 78 and together a magnet 79 fastened to the outer circumference of the closure cover part 184. Depending on the rotational position of the closure cover part 184, the magnet 79 either enters the sensitivity range of one or the other Hall sensor 76 or 78.
  • the two limit switches 72 and 74 are continuously from a Monitor controller 82 in the form of a controller.
  • the controller 82 further receives signals from an angle detection device 9, the signals including absolute angular information about the position of the carrier device 2.
  • the controller 82 further includes a drive logic 84, which in turn drives a driver 86 of the lid drive motor 52.
  • the motor 52 is powered by a voltage supply 88 with a current measuring device 89 connected between the voltage supply 88 and the driver 86.
  • the current measuring device 89 is read out by the controller 82.
  • the controller 82 further includes a timer 83 and controls the drive logic 84 in response to the signals of the two limit switches 72, 74, the angle detection device 9, the timer 83 and the current measurement 89. z.
  • the controller 82 controls the drive 4 of the carrier device 2 to rotate the grinding station 3 below the cutout 183.
  • the controller 82 controls the drive motor 52 of the housing cover 18, which causes the opening of the rotatable cap member 184. If the rotatable closure lid part 184 is rotated so far that the fully open position of the housing cover 18 is reached (see. Fig. 2 ), the magnet 79 actuates the limit switch "open" 72, the signal from the.
  • Controller is detected so that it stops the drive of the motor 52.
  • a grinding process may possibly be started, which the user enters on the touch-screen display 16 which is arranged above the housing cover 18 and which is likewise connected to the controller.
  • the controller 82 controls the motor 52 in the opposite direction to close the housing cover.
  • the rotatable cap member 184 is rotated until the magnet 79 operates the limit switch "closed" 74, whereupon the motor 52 is stopped. If before reaching the limit switch 74, an obstacle prevents the complete closing of the housing cover 18, z. B.
  • the drive current of the motor 52 increases, which is detected by the current measuring device 89 of the controller 82, which then breaks off the closing of the housing cover 18 and safety reasons opens it again a bit.
  • the carrier device 2 in the open lid position controlled by the controller, slowly, i. non-grinding, is rotated to e.g. on a corresponding user input another grinding station, in this example, the second grinding station 3 ', to rotate in the region of the access opening 186 in order to access them can.
  • angle detection device 9 comprises in this example an arrangement of three Hall sensors 98 on a holder 99 (in FIG Fig. 10 cut represents), with which the coding can be resolved.
  • a safety device 200 is shown, which prevents a complete rotation of the support device 2 when the housing cover 18 is opened.
  • the safety device 200 comprises a mechanical blocking device 210 for the carrier device 2, which is located in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 in the release state and in Fig. 13 in the blocked state.
  • the blocking device 210 has a vertically displaceable locking bar 212, which is biased by means of springs, not shown, upwards in the direction of the carrier device 2.
  • the locking bar 212 on two retaining bolts 218 which on the housing base plate (in Fig. 11 to Fig. 13 not shown) are mounted linearly displaceable.
  • a stopper end 220 of the locking bar projects into orbit of a blocking block 214 fixed to the underside of the upper carrier disk 21 of the carrier device 2, so that a stopper for rotation of the carrier device is formed; to mechanically block a complete rotation of the carrier device ( ⁇ 360 degrees).
  • the blocking block 214 is caught by the blocking bar in this embodiment, in that the carrier device 2 can still perform a limited rotation.
  • Attached to the blocking bar 212 is an actuating roller 222 which is actuated by the lower ring portion 184d of the rotatable closure lid portion 184.
  • the rotatable closure cover member 184 more precisely, the lower ring portion 184d at an appropriate point of the circumference of an actuator in the form of an oblique actuation ramp 216, which upon closing of the housing cover 18, or when turning the closure cover member 184 in the closed position, the locking bar 212 down counteracted by the spring preload and transferred to the release state.
  • the blocking block 214 can now rotate freely past the blocking bar 212, so that, when the housing cover 18 is closed, the rotation of the carrier device 2 for grinding the material to be ground can be driven.

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  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kugelmühle mit einem Gehäuse welches in einem Mahlraum eine Trägervorrichtung mit Mahlstationen beherbergt und mit einem Gehäusedeckel verschließbar ist, insbesondere eine Planeten- oder Fliehkraftkugelmühle im Labormaßstab, gemäß dem gattungs bildenden Teil des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a ball mill with a housing which houses a carrier device with grinding stations in a grinding chamber and can be closed with a housing cover, in particular a planetary or centrifugal ball mill on a laboratory scale, according to the generic part of claim 1.

Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention

Kugelmühlen im Labormaßstab werden für ein breites Anwendungsspektrum, insbesondere zum Zerkleinern und Mischen von Proben und zum mechanischen Legieren eingesetzt. Ein Überblick über gängige Labormühlen findet sich auf der Website der Anmelderin unter www.fritsch.de.Lab scale ball mills are used for a wide range of applications, in particular for crushing and mixing samples and for mechanical alloying. An overview of common laboratory mills can be found on the applicant's website at www.fritsch.de.

Bei Planeten- und Fliehkraftkugelmühlen sind Mahlbecher exzentrisch zu einer Zentrumsachse angeordnet und bewegen sich auf einer Kreisbahn um die Zentrumsachse. Durch den Umlauf der Mahlbecher wird eine radial nach außen gerichtete Fliehkraft auf das Mahlgut ausgeübt.In planetary and centrifugal ball mills grinding bowls are arranged eccentrically to a center axis and move on a circular orbit about the center axis. As a result of the rotation of the grinding bowls, a centrifugal force directed radially outwards is exerted on the grinding stock.

Bei einer Fliehkraftkugelmühle wird die Drehung des Mahlbechers um seine eigene Achse in Bezug auf das Laborsystem verhindert. Im Gegensatz dazu basieren Planetenkugelmühlen darauf, durch zusätzliche Rotation um die Mahlbecherachse im Laborsystem eine kombinierte Umlauf- und Drehbewegung für die Mahlbecher zu erzeugen.In a centrifugal ball mill, the rotation of the grinding bowl about its own axis with respect to the laboratory system is prevented. In contrast, planetary ball mills are based on creating a combined orbital and rotational motion for the grinding bowls by additional rotation about the grinding bowl axis in the laboratory system.

Anders als bei einer Fliehkraftkugelmühle verursacht der Antrieb der Mahlbecher in einer Planetenkugelmühle also eine absolute Rotationsbewegung des Mahlbechers um seine eigene Achse, die Aufnahme- oder Planetenachse, so daß in einer Planetenkugelmühle im Vergleich zu einer Fliehkraftkugelmühle eine deutlich größere, weitere Fliehkraftkomponente erzeugt wird. Diese ist der Fliehkraftkomponente überlagert, welche durch den Umlauf der Mahlbecher um die Zentrumsachse erzeugt wird. Schließlich ist auch noch die Corioliskraft wirksam. Diese drei Kräfte ergeben bei der Planetenkugelmühle ein resultierendes Kraftfeld, dem die Mahlkugeln und das Mahlgut ausgesetzt sind.Unlike a centrifugal ball mill, the drive of the grinding bowls in a planetary ball mill thus causes an absolute rotational movement of the grinding bowl about its own axis, the receiving or planetary axis, so that in a planetary ball mill compared to a centrifugal ball mill a significantly larger, further centrifugal component is generated. This is superimposed on the centrifugal component, which is generated by the circulation of the grinding bowls about the center axis. Finally, the Coriolis effect is also effective. These three forces result in the planetary ball mill a resulting force field to which the grinding balls and the ground material are exposed.

Bei bestimmten Abmessungen der umlaufenden Teile und bestimmten Drehgeschwindigkeiten werden in einer Planetenkugelmühle Flugbahnen für die Mahlkugeln erzeugt. Die Mahlkugeln bewegen sich dann quer durch den Mahlbecher hindurch, bis sie auf die Innenwand des Mahlbechers auftreffen. Danach werden die Mahlkugeln am Innenumfang des Mahlbechers mitgenommen, bis die resultierende Kraft erneut dafür sorgt, daß die oben beschriebene Querbewegung stattfindet und Mahlkugeln eine Flugbewegung durch den Mahlbecher ausführen. Dies wird auch als "Wurfregime" bezeichnet. Anders als eine Fliehkraftkugelmühle kann dadurch eine Planetenkugelmühle bei höheren Drehzahlen eine erheblich bessere Mahlwirkung erzielen.With certain dimensions of the rotating parts and certain rotational speeds trajectories for the grinding balls are generated in a planetary ball mill. The grinding balls then move across the grinding bowl until they impinge on the inner wall of the grinding bowl. Thereafter, the grinding balls are taken along the inner circumference of the grinding bowl until the resulting force again ensures that the above-described transverse movement takes place and grinding balls perform a flight movement through the grinding bowl. This is also referred to as "Wurfregime". Unlike a centrifugal ball mill, a planetary ball mill can achieve a significantly better grinding effect at higher speeds.

Derartige Labor-Planetenkugelmühlen werden zumeist mit ein, zwei oder vier Mahlstationen gebaut. Die Mahlstationen sind als Planeten an einer Sonnenscheibe, welche als Trägervorrichtung für die Mahlstationen ausgebildet ist drehbar gelagert, wobei sich die Trägervorrichtung relativ zum Gehäuse dreht. Die Mahlstationen umfassen jeweils eine Aufnahmevorrichtung und zumindest ein Mahlgefäß das in der Aufnahmevorrichtung befestigt wird. Bei den konventionellen Kugelmühlen sind die Aufnahmevorrichtungen vollständig oberhalb der Trägervorrichtung angeordnet und fliegend an der Trägervorrichtung gelagert. Ein Beispiel für eine derartige Planetenkugelmühle mit einer Mahlstation und einer Ausgleichsmasse wird unter der Marke "pulverisette® 6" vertrieben (vgl. www.fritsch.de) und ist in der DE 197 12 905 C2 beschrieben. Ein anderes Beispiel zeigt das Japanische Dokument JP-A-05146698 .Such laboratory planetary ball mills are usually built with one, two or four grinding stations. The grinding stations are rotatably mounted as planets on a sun disk, which is designed as a support device for the grinding stations, wherein the carrier device rotates relative to the housing. The grinding stations each include one Receiving device and at least one grinding vessel which is mounted in the receiving device. In the case of the conventional ball mills, the receiving devices are arranged completely above the carrier device and are mounted in a flying manner on the carrier device. An example of such a planetary ball mill with a grinding station and a leveling compound is sold under the brand name "pulverisette® 6" (see www.fritsch.de) and is in the DE 197 12 905 C2 described. Another example is shown in the Japanese document JP-A-05146698 ,

Die bekannten Mühlen weisen ein Gehäuse auf, um die Trägervorrichtung mit den Mahlstationen, den Antrieb und die Steuerung der Mühle zu beherbergen. Aufgrund der konstruktiven Ausgestaltung mit den fliegend gelagerten Aufnahmevorrichtungen oberhalb der Trägervorrichtung ist die vertikale Ausdehnung der beweglichen oder drehenden Teile bereits relativ groß. Darüber hinaus sind die Mahlgefäße mit Schraubklemmen verspannt, welche abermals nach oben Platz benötigen. Auf der anderen Seite sollen die drehenden Teile schon aus Sicherheitsgründen vollständig innerhalb des Gehäuses eingeschlossen sein. Daher muss bei diesen Kugelmühlen der Mahlraum, d.h. der Innenraum des Gehäuses, welcher die drehenden Teile beherbergt, relativ voluminös sein. Um bei Stillstand der Mühle an die Mahlgefäße zu gelangen, besitzt die Mühle einen großen im Wesentlichen schaufelförmigen Schwenkdeckel, welcher ausladend nach oben aufgeschwenkt wird. Die Öffnung erfolgt manuell und erlaubt Zugriff auf die gesamte Trägervorrichtung, insbesondere auf alle Mahlstationen gleichzeitig, wobei diese für den Benutzer bei mehreren Mahlstationen ggf. schwierig zu unterscheiden sind, insbesondere wenn gleiche Mahlgefäße verwendet werden. Dadurch sind Fehlbedienungen, z.B. bei unterschiedlichem Mahlgut in den Mahlstationen möglich.The known mills have a housing to house the carrier device with the grinding stations, the drive and the control of the mill. Due to the structural design with the cantilevered receiving devices above the carrier device, the vertical extent of the movable or rotating parts is already relatively large. In addition, the grinding jars are clamped with screw terminals, which again need space upwards. On the other hand, the rotating parts should be completely enclosed within the housing for safety reasons. Therefore, in these ball mills, the grinding space, ie the interior of the housing housing the rotating parts, must be relatively bulky. In order to reach the grinding jars when the mill is at a standstill, the mill has a large, essentially scoop-shaped pivot lid, which is swung open to the top. The opening is done manually and allows access to the entire carrier device, in particular all grinding stations at the same time, which may be difficult for the user to distinguish at several grinding stations, especially if the same grinding jars are used. As a result, incorrect operation, eg with different ground material in the grinding stations possible.

Nachteilig bei diesem Gehäuse ist ferner der große Platzbedarf bereits des Gehäuses im geschlossenen Zustand, noch mehr aber im geöffneten Zustand. Auch kann der geöffnete Deckel beim Zugriff auf die Mahlgefäße störend sein.A disadvantage of this case is also the large footprint already the case in the closed state, even more in the open state. Also, the opened lid can be annoying when accessing the grinding jars.

Ferner wird das Aufschwenken des großen und schweren Gehäusedeckels entgegen der Schwerkraft durch eine Gasdruckfeder unterstützt. Daher muss der Benutzer beim manuellen Schließen des Deckels Kraft gegen die Gasdruckfeder aufwenden. Nachteilig ist auch, dass derartige Gasdruckfedern altern können, was zu einem unerwünschten Nachlassen der Federkraft führen kann.Furthermore, the pivoting of the large and heavy housing cover against gravity is supported by a gas spring. Therefore, when manually closing the lid, the user must apply force against the gas spring. Another disadvantage is that such gas springs can age, which can lead to an undesirable decrease in the spring force.

Zwar haben sich diese Kugelmühlen bewährt, es ist aber die Handhabung insbesondere hinsichtlich der Benutzerfreundlichkeit, Störungsanfälligkeit und Sicherheit grundsätzlich weiter verbesserungswürdig.Although these ball mills have proven useful, but it is the handling in particular in terms of ease of use, susceptibility to malfunction and security in general further improvement.

Allgemeine Beschreibung der ErfindungGeneral description of the invention

Daher ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Kugelmühle bereit zu stellen, welche sehr komfortabel zu bedienen ist und eine hohe Betriebssicherheit bietet.Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a ball mill which is very comfortable to operate and offers high reliability.

Noch eine Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Kugelmühle bereit zu stellen, welche dem Standardbenutzer möglichst nur die notwendigen Eingriffsmöglichkeiten bei der Bedienung der Mühle gestattet, um Fehlbedienungen zu reduzieren und die ein besonders hohes Maß an die Einfachheit der Bedienung gewährleistet, insbesondere hinsichtlich des Zugriffes auf die Mahlgefäße.Yet another object of the invention is to provide a ball mill, which allows the standard user as possible only the necessary intervention options in the operation of the mill to reduce operating errors and ensures a particularly high level of simplicity of operation, especially in terms of access on the grinding jars.

Nicht zuletzt ist es eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine derartige Kugelmühle zu konstruieren, welche eine kompakte Bauform aufweist und auch ein gewisses Maß an Eleganz nicht vermissen lässt.Not least, it is an object of the invention to construct such a ball mill, which has a compact Design has and also a certain degree of elegance can not miss.

Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Kugelmühle mit den im unabhängigen Ansprüche 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelost. Weiterentwicklungen sind in den Unteransprüchen definiert.The object is achieved by a ball mill with the features specified in the independent claims 1. Further developments are defined in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung stellt eine Kugelmühle, insbesondere Planeten- oder Fliehkraftkugelmühle im Labormaßstab bereit, welche ein Gehäuse umfasst, das die Funktions-Bestandteile, insbesondere die rotierenden Teile der Mühle beherbergt. Die Trägervorrichtung rotiert im Betrieb innerhalb eines Innenraums in dem Gehäuse relativ zu diesem um eine Zentrumsachse, an welcher die Trägervorrichtung drehbar gelagert ist. Die Trägervorrichtung weist ferner zumindest eine Mahlstation mit einer Aufnahmevorrichtung für zumindest ein Mahlgefäß auf, welches im Betrieb um eine Aufnahmeachse, vorzugsweise entgegengesetzt zur Trägervorrichtung, rotiert und gleichzeitig von dieser als "Planet" auf einer Umlaufbahn um die Zentrumsachse oder "Sonne" mitgeführt wird. Das absolute Drehzahlverhältnis, d.h. bezogen auf das Laborsystem beträgt bei einer Planetenkugelmühlen vorzugsweise zwischen K = -0,6 und K = -1,5 bzw. relativ zwischen k = -1,6 und k = -2,5. Zur Mahlung wird das Mahlgut zusammen mit Mahlkugeln in das Mahlgefäß eingefüllt, wobei der Begriff "Mahlkugeln", nicht auf sphärische Mahlkörper beschränkt ist, sondern Mahlkörper unterschiedlichster Form umfasst. Dies ist dem Fachmann grundsätzlich vertraut.The invention provides a ball mill, in particular a planetary or centrifugal ball mill on a laboratory scale, which comprises a housing that houses the functional components, in particular the rotating parts of the mill. The support device rotates in operation within an interior in the housing relative to this about a center axis, on which the support device is rotatably mounted. The carrier device furthermore has at least one grinding station with a receiving device for at least one grinding vessel, which in operation rotates about a receiving axis, preferably opposite to the carrier device, and at the same time is carried by the latter as "planet" in an orbit about the center axis or "sun". The absolute speed ratio, i. with respect to the laboratory system is preferably between K = -0.6 and K = -1.5 or relatively between k = -1.6 and k = -2.5 in a planetary ball mills. For grinding, the millbase is filled together with grinding balls in the grinding vessel, wherein the term "grinding balls" is not limited to spherical grinding media, but comprises grinding bodies of different shapes. This is basically familiar to the person skilled in the art.

Jedes Mahlgefäß umfasst einen Mahlbecher, welcher mit einem Mahlbecherdeckel verschließbar ist und in der Aufnahmevorrichtung befestigt wird, um die Mühle in Betriebsbereitschaft zu versetzen und das Mahlgut in dem Mahlgefäß zu mahlen.Each grinding vessel comprises a grinding bowl, which can be closed with a grinding bowl lid and fixed in the receiving device in order to make the mill ready for operation and to grind the material to be ground in the grinding vessel.

Antriebe treiben die Rotation der Trägervorrichtung und die Rotation der Aufnahmevorrichtungen bzw. Mahlstationen an, wobei vorzugsweise ein elektrischer Gesamtantriebsmotor über ein entsprechend dem gewünschten Drehzahlverhältnis übersetzten Riemenantrieb beide Rotationen antreibt, wie dies den Fachmann grundsätzlich bekannt ist und z.B. in der DE 197 12 905 C2 beschrieben ist.Drives drive the rotation of the carrier device and the rotation of the receiving devices or grinding stations, wherein preferably a total electric drive motor via a translated according to the desired speed ratio belt drive drives both rotations, as the skilled person is basically known and eg in the DE 197 12 905 C2 is described.

Das Gehäuse definiert und umschließt den Innenraum, in welchem die Trägervorrichtung mit den Mahlstationen rotiert. Dieser Innenraum wird hier als "Mahlraum" bezeichnet und ist nicht mit dem Inneren der Mahlgefäße zu verwechseln. Das Gehäuse weist einen Gehäusedeckel auf, welcher im Ruhezustand der Mühle geöffnet werden kann, um dem Benutzer Zugriff auf zumindest eine Mahlstation zu gestatten, um ein Mahlgefäß in die Aufnahmevorrichtung einzusetzen oder aus dieser zu entnehmen. Mit anderen Worten ist der Gehäusedeckel von einer geöffneten in einen geschlossenen Stellung und umgekehrt überführbar, wobei in der geöffneten Stellung Zugriff für den Benutzer auf zumindest ein Mahlgefäß ermöglicht ist und die Kugelmühle in der geschlossenen Stellung betrieben werden kann.The housing defines and encloses the interior space in which the carrier device rotates with the grinding stations. This interior is referred to here as "grinding room" and is not to be confused with the interior of the grinding vessels. The housing has a housing cover, which can be opened in the idle state of the mill to allow the user access to at least one grinding station to insert a grinding vessel in the receiving device or to remove from this. In other words, the housing cover is convertible from an open to a closed position and vice versa, wherein in the open position access to the user is made possible on at least one grinding vessel and the ball mill can be operated in the closed position.

Anders als bei der in der DE 197 12 905 C2 beschrieben Mühle wird jedoch nicht ein einteiliger nach oben aufschwenkbarer Gehäusedeckel eingesetzt, sondern der Gehäusedeckel ist zumindest zweiteilig ausgebildet, wobei die beiden Deckelteile ineinandergreifen und gegeneinander verschoben werden, um den Gehäusedeckel zu Öffnen und zu Schließen. Dabei weist zumindest eines der beiden Deckelteile, welches im Folgenden als auch Ausschnittsdeckelteil bezeichnet wird, einen Ausschnitt auf, welcher in der geöffneten Stellung die Zugriffsöffnung für den Benutzer auf die Mahlstation bzw. einen Abschnitt der Trägervorrichtung definiert und das andere Deckelteil, welches im Folgenden auch als Verschlussdeckelteil bezeichnet wird, verschließt den Ausschnitt durch relative Verschiebung zu dem Ausschnitt, vorzugsweise in der Ebene der Rotation der Trägervorrichtung. In vorteilhafter Weise kann somit auf einen ausladenden Schwenkdeckel wie bei den bekannten Mühlen verzichtet werden und der erfindungsgemäße Deckel ist erheblich platzsparender und bedienerfreundlicher. Ferner läßt sich der erfindungsgemäße zweiteilige Deckel unter geringem konstruktiven Aufwand automatisiert motorisch antreiben, was den Bedienkomfort weiter verbessert.Unlike the one in the DE 197 12 905 C2 However, described mill is not a one-piece upwardly swiveled housing cover used, but the housing cover is formed at least in two parts, wherein the two lid parts mesh and are moved against each other to open the housing cover and close. In this case, at least one of the two cover parts, which is referred to below as the cutout lid part, a cutout, which in the open position, the access opening for the user to the grinding station or a section the carrier device defines and the other cover part, which is also referred to below as the closure lid part, closes the cutout by relative displacement to the cutout, preferably in the plane of rotation of the carrier device. In an advantageous manner can thus be dispensed with a sweeping pivot cover as in the known mills and the lid according to the invention is considerably more space-saving and user-friendly. Furthermore, the two-part lid according to the invention can be driven automatically with low design effort motor, which further improves the ease of use.

Besonders einfach erfolgt die Verschiebung der beiden Deckelteile durch eine Drehung der beiden Deckelteile relativ zueinander. Die beiden vorzugsweise einstückigen Deckelteile werden also zum Öffnen und Schließen parallel zur Ebene der Rotation der Trägervorrichtung oder koaxial zur Zentrumsachse relativ zueinander gedreht. Bei dieser Ausführungsform sind die beiden Deckelteile vorzugsweise hutartig mit einer oberen Stirnfläche und einem zumindest teilweise umlaufenden Rand ausgebildet, wobei die beiden ausgeschnittenen zylindrischen Hutformen passend drehbar ineinandergreifen und somit zumindest abschnittsweise flächig aneinander liegen. Der Ausschnitt erstreckt sich dabei zumindest in der Stirnfläche und optional über die kreisringförmige Verbindungskante zwischen der Stirnfläche und dem Rand hinaus, so dass optional auch ein Abschnitt des Randes ausgeschnitten ist.Particularly simple is the displacement of the two lid parts by a rotation of the two lid parts relative to each other. The two preferably one-piece cover parts are thus rotated to open and close parallel to the plane of rotation of the carrier device or coaxially to the center axis relative to each other. In this embodiment, the two cover parts are preferably hat-shaped with an upper end face and an at least partially encircling edge, wherein the two cut cylindrical hat shapes mesh suitable rotatable and thus at least partially lie flat against each other. The cutout extends at least in the end face and optionally beyond the annular connecting edge between the end face and the edge, so that optionally also a portion of the edge is cut out.

Vorzugsweise sind die beiden Deckelteile jeweils sektorartig ausgeschnitten und die Ausschnitte werden durch relative Drehung der beiden Deckelteile zueinander in Überlapp gebracht, um die geöffnete Stellung zu definieren und durch die Zugriffsöffnung den Zugriff auf die Mahlstation freizugeben. In der geschlossenen Stellung überdeckt der nicht ausgeschnittene Abschnitt des Verschlussdeckelteils den Ausschnitt des Ausschnittsdeckelteils und umgekehrt.Preferably, the two lid parts are each cut sector-like and the cutouts are brought by relative rotation of the two lid parts to each other in overlap to define the open position and access through the access opening to the Grinding station release. In the closed position, the non-cut portion of the closure lid part covers the cutout of the cut-out lid part and vice versa.

Vorzugsweise weist das Ausschnittsdeckelteil einen Sektorauschnitt von größer 45 Grad, bevorzugt größer als 90 Grad und kleiner als 180 Grad, bevorzugt um 150 Grad ±30 Grad auf. Um den Ausschnitt in der geschlossenen Stellung vollständig abdecken, bzw. vollständig verschließen zu können, ist der nicht ausgeschnittene Abschnitt des Verschlussdeckelteils größer als der Sektorausschnitt. An diesem Beispiel ist ersichtlich, dass die beiden Sektor-Deckelteile gleichartig jeweils mit einem Sektorausschnitt etwas kleiner als 180 Grad geformt sein können, um in der geöffneten Stellung eine möglichst große Zugriffsöffnung bereit zu stellen und dennoch in der geschlossenen Stellung die beiden Ausschnitte gegenseitig vollständig zu verschließen. Der Begriff "Sektor" ist dabei nicht im mathematisch strengen Sinne zu verstehen. Z.B. reichen die Ausschnitte bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform nicht bis zur Drehachse, um auch dort genügend Überlapp der beiden Deckelteile zu gewährleisten.The cutout lid part preferably has a sector cutout of greater than 45 degrees, preferably greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees, preferably of 150 degrees ± 30 degrees. In order to completely cover the cutout in the closed position, or to be able to close completely, the non-cut portion of the closure lid part is larger than the sector cutout. In this example, it can be seen that the two sector lid parts can be similarly shaped each with a sector cut slightly smaller than 180 degrees to provide the largest possible access opening in the open position and yet in the closed position, the two sections mutually completely close. The term "sector" is not to be understood in the mathematically strict sense. For example, in a preferred embodiment, the cutouts do not extend as far as the axis of rotation in order to ensure sufficient overlap of the two cover parts there as well.

Es ist ersichtlich das die Relativ-Verschiebung der beiden Deckelteile zueinander dadurch erfolgen kann, dass eines der beiden Deckelteile, insbesondere das äußere, feststeht und lediglich das andere, insbesondere das innere, verschoben bzw. in der Rotationsebene der Trägervorrichtung gedreht wird, um den Gehäusedeckel zu Öffnen und zu Schließen.It can be seen that the relative displacement of the two cover parts relative to one another can take place in that one of the two cover parts, in particular the outer, is stationary and only the other, in particular the inner, is displaced or rotated in the plane of rotation of the support device, around the housing cover to open and close.

Weiter bevorzugt ist das feste Deckelteil mit einer mit einer horizontalen Deckelgrundplatte des Gehäuses verbunden und das innere Deckelteil weist einen unteren Ringabschnitt mit einem umlaufenden Führungsring auf. Der Führungsring wird unter der Deckelgrundplatte in einer Mehrzahl von entlang einem Kreisumfang angeordneten Lagerrollen geführt und drehbar gelagert.More preferably, the fixed lid part is connected to a horizontal lid base plate of the housing and the inner lid portion has a lower ring portion with a circumferential guide ring. The guide ring is guided under the lid base plate in a plurality of bearing rollers arranged along a circumference and rotatably supported.

Der Gehäusedeckel wird vorzugsweise durch einen vom Gesamtantriebsmotor der Trägervorrichtung separaten Elektromotor angetrieben, welcher von der Steuereinrichtung der Mühle elektronisch gesteuert wird. Das Öffnen und Schließen erfolgt dabei im Wesentlichen als Teil einer Ablaufsteuerung des Mahlvorgangs. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, den Gehäusedeckel über eine Menüführung, also in Ansprechen auf eine Benutzereingabe an der Steuereinrichtung elektronisch gesteuert zu Öffnen oder zu schließen. Der Antriebsmotor ist vorzugsweise als Gleichstrommotor ausgebildet und wird umgepolt, um das drehbare Gehäusedeckelteil in beide Richtungen zum Öffnen bzw. Schließen zu drehen.The housing cover is preferably driven by a separate from the overall drive motor of the support device electric motor which is electronically controlled by the control device of the mill. The opening and closing takes place essentially as part of a sequence control of the grinding process. However, it is also possible to electronically controlled the housing cover via a menu, so in response to a user input to the control device to open or close. The drive motor is preferably designed as a DC motor and is reversed to rotate the rotatable housing cover part in both directions to open or close.

Der Antrieb erfolgt bevorzugt von dem Antriebsmotor über ein Schneckengetriebe, das über ein Zahnriemenrad einen Zahnriemen antreibt, welcher mit dem drehbaren Deckelteil verbunden ist. Der Zahnriemen ist an zwei Punkten an dem drehbaren Deckelteil befestigt und steht ständig am Motor in Eingriff. Alternativ kann anstatt des Zahnriemenrads ein Ritzel eingesetzt werden, das direkt mit Zähnen, die auf dem Zylindermantel des drehbaren Deckelteils angebracht sind, kämmt. Ferner kann die Schnecke direkt mit Zähnen oder "Kiemen" auf dem Zylindermantel kämmen, so dass das drehbare Deckelteil praktisch das Schneckenrad darstellt. Diese Antriebe sind selbsthemmend ausgelegt und verhinderen somit in vorteilhafter Weise, dass der Deckel von Hand geöffnet werden kann, um die Verletzungsgefahr zu minimieren.The drive is preferably carried out by the drive motor via a worm gear, which drives a toothed belt via a toothed belt, which is connected to the rotatable cover part. The toothed belt is attached to the rotatable lid part at two points and is constantly engaged with the motor. Alternatively, instead of the toothed belt wheel, a pinion can be used which meshes directly with teeth which are mounted on the cylinder jacket of the rotatable lid part. Further, the worm can mesh directly with teeth or "gills" on the cylinder shell, so that the rotatable cover part practically represents the worm wheel. These drives are designed to be self-locking and thus prevent advantageously that the lid can be opened by hand to minimize the risk of injury.

Weiter bevorzugt sind an dem Gehäusedeckel für die geschlossene und die geöffnete Stellung jeweils ein Endschalter angebracht, welche mit der Steuereinrichtung verbunden sind und das Erreichen der vollständig geschlossenen bzw. geöffneten Stellung des Gehäusedeckels an die Steuereinrichtung melden, so dass die Steuereinrichtung in Ansprechen auf die Meldung das Schließen bzw. Öffnen in der richtigen Drehstellung beenden kann. Die Endschalter sind vorzugsweise als berührungslose Magnetschalter ausgebildet, welche in vorteilhafter Weise robust und schmutzunempfindlich sind. Hierzu ist zumindest ein Magnet an dem drehbaren Deckelteil befestigt, welcher jeweils einen festen Hallsensor für die geöffnete bzw. geschlossene Stellung betätigt. Im Normalfall gibt also jeweils einer der Endschalter das Stoppsignal für den Motor in der geöffneten bzw. geschlossenen Stellung.Further preferably, a limit switch are attached to the housing cover for the closed and the open position, which are connected to the control device and report the achievement of the fully closed or open position of the housing cover to the control device, so that the control device in response to the message can close the closing or opening in the correct rotational position. The limit switches are preferably designed as non-contact magnetic switches, which are advantageously robust and insensitive to dirt. For this purpose, at least one magnet is fastened to the rotatable cover part, which in each case actuates a fixed Hall sensor for the open or closed position. In the normal case, one of the limit switches thus gives the stop signal for the motor in the open or closed position.

Um die Verletzungsgefahr insbesondere beim Schließen z.B. durch Einklemmen eines Fingers in dem sich schließenden Spalt zwischen den beiden Deckelteilen zu verringern, besitzt die Mühle eine Sicherheitsschaltung, welche zumindest das Schließen des Gehäusedeckels kontinuierlich auf eine Blockierung des drehbaren Deckelteils überwacht und das Schließen abbricht, wenn ein Hindernis z.B. anhand eines erhöhten Drehmoments, detektiert wird. Besonders einfach wird hierzu der Strom am Antriebsmotor überwacht, welcher ein Maß für das zum Schließen notwendige Drehmoment ist. In dem Fehlerfall "Blockade des Verschlusses" z.B. durch die Hand des Benutzers oder andere Gegenstände detektiert die Steuereinrichtung einen erhöhten Stromfluss. Bei Überschreiten eines vordefinierten Grenzwertes für den Motorstrom wird der Schließvorgang sofort angehalten und der Gehäusedeckel zumindest ein Stück weit wieder geöffnet.In order to reduce the risk of injury, especially when closing eg by pinching a finger in the closing gap between the two lid parts, the mill has a safety circuit which monitors at least the closing of the housing cover continuously to a blockage of the rotatable lid part and terminates the closing when a Obstacle, for example, based on an increased torque is detected. For this purpose, the current at the drive motor is particularly easily monitored, which is a measure of the torque required for closing. In the event of a fault "blockage of the closure", for example by the hand of the user or other objects, the control device detects an increased current flow. When a predefined limit value for the motor current is exceeded, the closing process is stopped immediately and the housing cover is at least partially opened again.

Zusätzlich kann die Steuereinrichtung einen Zeitmesser umfassen, welcher die Zeitdauer des Öffnens oder Schließens bis zur Meldung des zugehörigen Endschalters überwacht und nach Überschreiten einer vordefinierten Maximalzeitdauer das Öffnen bzw. Schließen des Gehäusedeckels ebenfalls abbricht. Dies ist vorteilhaft, wenn z.B. einer der Endschalter defekt ist.In addition, the control device may include a timer, which monitors the duration of the opening or closing until the message of the associated limit switch and also breaks off the opening or closing of the housing cover after exceeding a predefined maximum time duration. This is advantageous when e.g. one of the limit switches is defective.

Die Zugriffsöffnung erlaubt dem Benutzer bei der erfindungsgemäßen Deckelform Zugriff vorzugsweise lediglich auf einen Abschnitt der Trägervorrichtung, insbesondere lediglich auf eine einzige der Mahlstationen, um das zugehörige Mahlgefäß einzusetzen oder zu entnehmen. Hierzu erlaubt die Steuereinrichtung eine Benutzereingabe, welche das Anwählen einer bestimmten Mahlstation umfasst. Ferner weist die Mühle vorzugsweise eine Winkeldetektionseinrichtung zur Bestimmung der absoluten Winkelstellung der Trägervorrichtung relativ zu dem Gehäuse auf und dreht die Trägervorrichtung in Ansprechen auf die Benutzereingabe und die Bestimmung der Winkelstellung automatisch in eine Stellung, in der bei geöffnetem Gehäusedeckel manueller Zugriff auf genau diese angewählte Mahlstation ermöglicht ist. Bevorzugt nachfolgend öffnet die Steuereinrichtung automatisch den Gehäusedeckel. Bei zwei vorhandenen Mahlstationen "#1" und "#2" gibt der Benutzer z.B. ein, dass er die Mahlstation "#1" bestücken will, worauf die Steuereinrichtung die Mahlstation "#1" an die Stelle dreht, wo sich in geöffnetem Zustand die Zugriffsöffnung befindet, was vorzugsweise an der dem Benutzer zugewandten Gehäuseseite ist. Dies macht die Bedienung der Mühle für den Benutzer besonders fehlersicher, da der Benutzer nun nur die Mahlstation "#1" bestücken oder das Mahlgefäß aus der Mahlstation "#1" entnehmen kann, da sich die andere Mahlstation unter dem noch immer geschlossenen Abschnitt des Gehäusedeckels befindet. Mit anderen Worten ist die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass sie die Trägervorrichtung automatisch, ggf. in Ansprechen auf eine entsprechende Benutzereingabe in eine gewünschte Winkelstellung drehen bzw. dort anhalten kann.The access opening allows the user in the lid shape according to the invention access preferably only to a portion of the support device, in particular only to a single of the grinding stations to insert or remove the associated grinding vessel. For this purpose, the control device allows a user input, which includes the selection of a specific grinding station. Further, the mill preferably includes an angle detecting device for determining the absolute angular position of the carrier relative to the housing and automatically rotates the carrier in a position in which, with the housing cover open, manual access to precisely this selected grinding station in response to the user input and the determination of the angular position is possible. Preferably, subsequently, the control device automatically opens the housing cover. For example, with two existing grinding stations "# 1" and "# 2", the user indicates that he wants to load the grinding station "# 1", whereupon the control device turns the grinding station "# 1" to the position where, in the opened state, the grinding station Access opening is located, which is preferably on the user-facing side of the housing. This makes the operation of the mill for the user particularly fail-safe, since the user can now only equip the grinding station "# 1" or remove the grinding vessel from the grinding station "# 1", since the other grinding station under the still closed section of the housing cover is located. In other words, the control device is designed such that it can rotate the support device automatically, possibly in response to a corresponding user input in a desired angular position or stop there.

Die Winkeldetektionseinrichtung umfasst vorzugsweise eine kodierte Anordnung von Magneten an der Trägervorrichtung und zugeordnete Hallsensoren an dem Gehäuse. Je nach Winkelstellung der Trägervorrichtung gelangen einer oder mehrere der Magnete in den Empfindlichkeitsbereich von einem oder mehreren der Hallsensoren. Diese werden von der Steuereinrichtung ausgelesen und die Steuereinrichtung bestimmt anhand der räumlichen Kodierung der Magnete zumindest in einigen Drehstellungen die absolute Winkelstellung der Trägervorrichtung.The angle detection device preferably comprises a coded arrangement of magnets on the carrier device and associated Hall sensors on the housing. Depending on the angular position of the carrier device, one or more of the magnets reach the sensitivity range of one or more of the Hall sensors. These are read out by the control device and the control device determines based on the spatial coding of the magnets at least in some rotational positions, the absolute angular position of the support device.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren näher erläutert, wobei gleiche und ähnliche Elemente teilweise mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sind und die Merkmale der verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispiele miteinander kombiniert werden können.In the following the invention will be explained in more detail by means of embodiments and with reference to the figures, wherein the same and similar elements are partially provided with the same reference numerals and the features of the various embodiments can be combined.

Kurzbeschreibung der FigurenBrief description of the figures Es zeigen:Show it:

Fig. 1Fig. 1
eine dreidimensionale Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels des Gehäuses für die erfindungsgemäße Planetenkugelmühle mit geschlossenem Gehäusedeckel,a three-dimensional representation of an embodiment of the housing for the planetary ball mill according to the invention with closed housing cover,
Fig. 2Fig. 2
eine dreidimensionale Darstellung wie Fig. 1 jedoch mit geöffnetem Gehäusedeckel,a three-dimensional representation like Fig. 1 but with the housing cover open,
Fig. 3Fig. 3
ein Längsschnitt durch die Planetenkugelmühle gemäß Fig. 1,a longitudinal section through the planetary ball mill according to Fig. 1 .
Fig. 4Fig. 4
ein Längsschnitt durch die Planetenkugelmühle gemäß Fig. 2,a longitudinal section through the planetary ball mill according to Fig. 2 .
Fig. 5Fig. 5
eine dreidimensionale leicht aus der Achse gedrehte Vorderansicht des Gehäusedeckels in geschlossener Stellung,a three-dimensional slightly rotated from the axis front view of the housing cover in the closed position,
Fig. 6Fig. 6
eine dreidimensionale Ansicht des Gehäusedeckels von schräg unten,a three-dimensional view of the housing cover obliquely from below,
Fig. 7Fig. 7
eine schematische Darstellung des Antriebsmechanismus des Gehäusedeckels,a schematic representation of the drive mechanism of the housing cover,
Fig. 8Fig. 8
eine schematische Darstellung des Gehäusedeckels mit Endschaltern,a schematic representation of the housing cover with limit switches,
Fig. 9Fig. 9
ein Blockschaltbild der Steuerung des Gehäusedeckels,a block diagram of the control of the housing cover,
Fig. 10Fig. 10
eine dreidimensionale, teilweise geschnittene Ansicht der Trägervorrichtung von unten,a three-dimensional, partially sectioned view of the carrier device from below,
Fig. 11Fig. 11
eine dreidimensionale vergrößerte Ansicht des Gehäusedeckels mit einem Blockierriegel im Freigabezustand,a three-dimensional enlarged view of the housing cover with a locking bar in the release state,
Fig. 12Fig. 12
einen Querschnitt quer zu Fig. 3 durch einen Ausschnitt der Planetenkugelmühle mit dem Blockieriegel im Freigabezustand,a cross section across Fig. 3 through a section of the planetary ball mill with the blocking bar in the release state,
Fig. 13Fig. 13
einen Querschnitt wie Fig. 12, aber mit dem Blockieriegel im Blockadezustand.a cross section like Fig. 12 but with the locking bar in the blockage condition.
Detaillierte Beschreibung der ErfindungDetailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Planetenkugelmühle mit einem im Querschnitt im Wesentlichen L-förmigen Gehäuse 1, welches einen senkrechten Schenkel 12 und einen waagerechten Schenkel 14 aufweist. In dem senkrechten Schenkel 12 sind im Wesentlichen der Antriebsmotor für die Trägervorrichtung und die Steuerelektronik untergebracht sowie an diesem ein schwenkbares Touch-Screen-Display 16 für Benutzereingaben angeordnet. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the planetary ball mill according to the invention with a cross-sectionally substantially L-shaped housing 1, which has a vertical leg 12 and a horizontal leg 14. In the vertical leg 12, the drive motor for the carrier device and the control electronics are housed substantially and at this one pivoting touch-screen display 16 arranged for user input.

In dem waagerechten Schenkel 14 sind die drehbaren Teile der Mahlanordnung, d. h. unter anderem die Trägervorrichtung und die Mahlstationen eingebaut. Das Gehäuse 1, genauer der waagerechte Schenkel 14, weist einen flachen im Großen und Ganzen zylindrisch hutartigen Gehäusedeckel 18 auf, welcher in ein festes Ausschnittsdeckelteil 182 und ein drehbares Verschlusssdeckelteil 184 unterteilt ist. Das drehbare Verschlussdeckelteil 184 verschließt in der gezeigten geschlossenen Stellung vollständig einen Ausschnitt 183 des Ausschnittsdeckelteils 182. Das Verschlussdeckelteil 184 ist in einer waagerechten Ebene, welche der Ebene der Rotation der Trägervorrichtung entspricht, drehbar, um den sektorartigen Ausschnitt 183 öffnen zu können, da auch das Verschlussdeckelteil 184 einen Ausschnitt 185 aufweist, welcher in der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Stellung unter dem hinteren, nicht ausgeschnittenen Bereich 181 des Ausschnittdeckelteils 182 verdeckt ist. Der Deckel 18 besitzt im Wesentlichen die Form eines flachen Kreiszylinders, welcher sich aus einer horizontalen Deckelgrundplatte 19 des Gehäuses erhebt. Das feste Ausschnittsdeckelteil 182 ist einstückig mit der Deckelgrundplatte 19 des Gehäuses 1 verbunden. Die beiden Deckelteile 182, 184 sind vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff gefertigt. Alternativ können sie auch aus Blech oder Aluguß bestehen.In the horizontal leg 14, the rotatable parts of the grinding arrangement, ie, inter alia, the carrier device and the grinding stations installed. The housing 1, more precisely the horizontal leg 14, has a flat generally cylindrical hat-like housing cover 18, which is divided into a fixed cut-out cover part 182 and a rotatable closure cover part 184. In the closed position shown, the rotatable closure lid part 184 completely closes a cutout 183 of the cutout lid part 182. The closure lid part 184 is rotatable in a horizontal plane which corresponds to the plane of rotation of the carrier device in order to be able to open the sector - like cutout 183 Closure cover part 184 has a cutout 185, which in the in Fig. 1 shown position under the rear, not cut-out portion 181 of the cutout lid member 182 is covered. The lid 18 has substantially the shape of a flat circular cylinder, which rises from a horizontal lid base plate 19 of the housing. The fixed cutout lid portion 182 is integrally connected to the lid base plate 19 of the housing 1. The two cover parts 182, 184 are preferably made of plastic. Alternatively, they can also consist of sheet metal or cast aluminum.

Beide Deckelteile 182, 184 weisen jeweils eine im Wesentlichen horizontal verlaufende Stirnfläche 182a bzw. 184a sowie einen sich daran anschließenden, vertikalen, teilweise umlaufenden Rand 182b bzw. 184b auf, welcher an einer kreisringförmigen Kante 182c bzw. 184c mit der jeweiligen Stirnfläche verbunden ist.Both cover parts 182, 184 each have an essentially horizontally extending end face 182a or 184a and an adjoining, vertical, partially circumferential edge 182b or 184b, which adjoins an annular edge 182c or 184c is connected to the respective end face.

Fig. 2 zeigt die Planetenkugelmühle aus Fig. 1 mit dem Gehäusedeckel 18 in geöffneter Stellung. Im Vergleich zu Fig. 1 ist das drehbare Verschlussdeckelteil 184 derart gedreht, dass dessen sektorartiger Ausschnitt 185 mit dem sektorartigen Ausschnitt 183 des feststehenden Ausschnittsdeckelteils 182 überlappt, so dass eine Zugriffsöffnung 186 gebildet wird, durch die der Benutzer etwa auf die vordere Hälfte der Trägervorrichtung 2 zugreifen kann. Mit anderen Worten weisen die beiden Deckelteile 182 und 184 korrespondierende Ausschnitte 183, 185 auf, welche in der geöffneten Stellung überlappen und in der geschlossenen Stellung nicht überlappen. Die beiden Deckelteile 182 und 184 öffnen und verschließen somit die Zugriffsöffnung 186 nach Art eines Drehschiebers. Insbesondere kann der Benutzer auf die in der Darstellung vordere Mahlstation 3 zugreifen und das Mahlgefäß 34 aus der Aufnahmevorrichtung 32 entnehmen. Die Aufnahmevorrichtung 32 und das Mahlgefäß 34 zeigen in dieser Darstellung einige Details, die hier nicht weiter erläutert werden. Fig. 2 shows the planetary ball mill Fig. 1 with the housing cover 18 in the open position. Compared to Fig. 1 For example, the rotatable shutter cover member 184 is rotated such that its sector-like cutout 185 overlaps with the sector-like cutout 183 of the fixed cutout lid member 182 to form an access opening 186 through which the user can access approximately the front half of the support apparatus 2. In other words, the two cover parts 182 and 184 have corresponding cutouts 183, 185 which overlap in the open position and do not overlap in the closed position. The two cover parts 182 and 184 thus open and close the access opening 186 in the manner of a rotary valve. In particular, the user can access the front grinding station 3 in the illustration and remove the grinding jar 34 from the receiving device 32. The receiving device 32 and the grinding vessel 34 show in this illustration some details that will not be discussed further here.

Fig. 3 (mit geschlossenem Gehäusedeckel 18) und Fig. 4 (mit geöffnetem Gehäusedeckel 18) zeigen Längsschnitte durch die Planetenkugelmühle, wobei einige Teile des Antriebs der Trägervorrichtung 2, wie der Gesamtantriebsmotor nicht dargestellt sind. Die Trägervorrichtung 2 weist zwei Mahlstationen 3 und 3' mit jeweiliger Aufnahmevorrichtung 32 bzw. 32' und eingesetzten Mahlbechern 34 bzw. 34' sowie eine obere und untere Trägerscheibe 21 bzw. 22 auf. Beim Mahlvorgang rotiert die Trägervorrichtung 2 in einer horizontalen Ebene um eine Zentrumsachse 24, und die beiden Mahlstationen 3 bzw. 3' werden von der Trägervorrichtung um die Zentrumsachse mitgenommen und rotieren gleichzeitig entgegengesetzt um deren eigene Aufnahmeachsen 36 bzw. 36'. Der Antrieb der Trägervorrichtung 2 und der Mahlstationen 3, 3' erfolgt über gekoppelte Riemenantriebe, welche dem Fachmann grundsätzlich bekannt sind und z. B. in der DE 197 12 905 C2 beschrieben sind, auf welche diesbezüglich Bezug genommen wird und die zum Gegenstand der vorliegenden Offenbarung gemacht wird. Die DE 197 12 905 C2 betrifft zwar eine andere Bauform der Trägervorrichtung, der Antrieb 4 ist jedoch ähnlich. Fig. 3 (with closed housing cover 18) and Fig. 4 (With open housing cover 18) show longitudinal sections through the planetary ball mill, wherein some parts of the drive of the support device 2, such as the overall drive motor are not shown. The carrier device 2 has two grinding stations 3 and 3 'with respective receiving device 32 or 32' and used grinding bowls 34 and 34 'and an upper and lower carrier disk 21 and 22, respectively. During the grinding process, the carrier device 2 rotates in a horizontal plane about a center axis 24, and the two grinding stations 3 and 3 ', respectively, are moved by the carrier device taken along the center axis and rotate simultaneously opposite to their own receiving axes 36 and 36 '. The drive of the support device 2 and the grinding stations 3, 3 'via coupled belt drives, which are known in the art in principle and z. B. in the DE 197 12 905 C2 to which reference is made and which is the subject of the present disclosure. The DE 197 12 905 C2 Although it relates to another design of the carrier device, the drive 4 is similar.

Der waagerechte Schenkel 14 des Gerätegehäuses 1 definiert gemeinsam mit dem Gehäusedeckel 18 einen Innenraum, in welchem die beweglichen Teile der Mahlanordnung, insbesondere die Trägervorrichtung 2 und die Mahlstationen 3 bzw. 3' angeordnet sind. Dieser Innenraum wird im Folgenden als Mahlraum 40 bezeichnet. Demnach kann durch Drehung des drehbaren Verschlussdeckelteils 184 der Mahlraum geöffnet und geschlossen werden. Die in Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellten rotierenden Teile der Mahlanordnung, umfassend die Trägervorrichtung 2 und die Mahlstationen 3, 3' werden von dem Mahlraum 40 des Gerätegehäuses 1 beherbergt. Der Mahlraum 40 wird nach oben von dem Gehäusedeckel 18 begrenzt.The horizontal leg 14 of the device housing 1 together with the housing cover 18 defines an interior in which the moving parts of the grinding arrangement, in particular the carrier device 2 and the grinding stations 3 and 3 'are arranged. This interior is referred to below as grinding chamber 40. Accordingly, by rotation of the rotatable cap member 184, the grinding chamber can be opened and closed. In the Fig. 3 and 4 shown rotating parts of the grinding arrangement comprising the carrier device 2 and the grinding stations 3, 3 'are accommodated by the grinding chamber 40 of the device housing 1. The grinding chamber 40 is bounded above by the housing cover 18.

Der Gehäusedeckel ist weiter in Fig. 5 in geschlossener Stellung dargestellt. Das drehbare Verschlussdeckelteil 184 wird von einer Deckel-Antriebseinrichtung 5, umfassend einen Elektromotor 52, welcher über ein Schneckengetriebe 54 eine Zahnriemenscheibe 56 antreibt, angetrieben, genauer gedreht. Die Zahnriemenscheibe 56 steht mit einem in Fig. 5 nicht dargestellten Zahnriemen 58 in Eingriff, wobei der Zahnriemen 58 an einem unteren Ringabschnitt 184d des drehbaren Verschlussdeckelteils 184 befestigt ist. In Fig. 5 ist zu sehen, dass der zumindest teilweise umlaufende Rand 184b sich vertikal durch die Deckelgrundplatte 19 bis zu dem unteren Ringabschnitt 184d erstreckt.The housing cover is further in Fig. 5 shown in closed position. The rotatable closure lid part 184 is driven by a lid drive device 5, comprising an electric motor 52, which drives a toothed belt pulley 56 via a worm gear 54, more precisely turned. The toothed belt pulley 56 stands with a in Fig. 5 not illustrated toothed belt 58 in engagement, wherein the toothed belt 58 is fixed to a lower ring portion 184 d of the rotatable cap member 184. In Fig. 5 you can see that at least partially circumferential edge 184b extends vertically through the lid base plate 19 to the lower ring portion 184d.

Die Führung des drehbaren Verschlussdeckelteils 184 ist am besten in Fig. 6 zu erkennen. Der untere Ringabschnitt 184d weist einen umlaufenden Führungsrand 184e auf, welcher von einer Mehrzahl von auf einem Kreisring angeordneten Führungsrollen 62 geführt wird. Die Führung gewährleistet das passgenaue, drehbare Ineinandergleiten der beiden Deckelteile 182 und 184.The guide of the rotatable closure lid member 184 is best in FIG Fig. 6 to recognize. The lower ring portion 184d has a circumferential guide edge 184e which is guided by a plurality of guide rollers 62 arranged on a circular ring. The guide ensures the perfect fit, rotatable sliding together of the two cover parts 182 and 184th

Das Schneckengetriebe 54 ist selbsthemmend ausgebildet, so dass ein Öffnen des Gehäusedeckels 18 durch Drehen des Verschlussdeckelteils 184 von Hand vermieden wird.The worm gear 54 is self-locking, so that opening of the housing cover 18 by turning the closure cover member 184 is avoided by hand.

Fig. 7 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung von oben auf das drehbare Verschlussdeckelteil 184 bzw. wie dieses vom Deckel-Antrieb 5 angetrieben wird. Der Zahnriemen 58 ist an Befestigungsstellen 57 an dem unteren Ringabschnitt 184d befestigt, wird über Umlenkrollen 59 umgelenkt und steht in permanentem Eingriff zu dem Zahnriemenrad 56. Je nach Drehrichtung des Gleichstrommotors 52 wird das Verschlussdeckelteil 184 entweder links herum oder rechts herum gedreht. Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of the top of the rotatable cap member 184 or as this is driven by the lid drive 5. The timing belt 58 is attached to attachment points 57 on the lower ring portion 184d, is deflected by pulleys 59 and is in permanent engagement with the timing pulley 56. Depending on the direction of rotation of the DC motor 52, the cap member 184 is rotated either left or right.

Fig. 8 zeigt ebenfalls schematisch das Verschlussdeckelteil 184 mit zwei Endschaltern 72 bzw. 74. Die beiden Endschalter umfassen je einen Hallsensor 76 bzw. 78 und gemeinsam einen am äußeren Umfang des Verschlussdeckelteils 184 befestigten Magneten 79. Je nach Drehstellung des Verschlussdeckelteils 184 gelangt der Magnet 79 entweder in den Empfindlichkeitsbereich des einen oder anderen Hallsensors 76 bzw. 78. Bezug nehmend auf Fig. 9 werden die beiden Endschalter 72 bzw. 74 kontinuierlich von einer Steuereinrichtung 82 in Form eines Controllers überwacht. Der Controller 82 empfängt ferner Signale von einer Winkeldetektionseinrichtung 9, wobei die Signale eine absolute Winkelinformation über die Stellung der Trägervorrichtung 2 beinhalten. Fig. 8 The two limit switches each comprise a Hall sensor 76 or 78 and together a magnet 79 fastened to the outer circumference of the closure cover part 184. Depending on the rotational position of the closure cover part 184, the magnet 79 either enters the sensitivity range of one or the other Hall sensor 76 or 78. Referring to Fig. 9 the two limit switches 72 and 74 are continuously from a Monitor controller 82 in the form of a controller. The controller 82 further receives signals from an angle detection device 9, the signals including absolute angular information about the position of the carrier device 2.

Der Controller 82 umfasst ferner eine Ansteuerlogik 84, welche wiederum einen Treiber 86 des Deckel-Antriebsmotors 52 ansteuert. Der Motor 52 wird von einer Spannungsversorgung 88 mit Strom versorgt, wobei eine Strommesseinrichtung 89 zwischen die Spannungsversorgung 88 und den Treiber 86 geschaltet ist. Die Strommesseinrichtung 89 wird von dem Controller 82 ausgelesen.The controller 82 further includes a drive logic 84, which in turn drives a driver 86 of the lid drive motor 52. The motor 52 is powered by a voltage supply 88 with a current measuring device 89 connected between the voltage supply 88 and the driver 86. The current measuring device 89 is read out by the controller 82.

Der Controller 82 enthält ferner einen Zeitmesser 83 und steuert die Ansteuerlogik 84 in Ansprechen auf die Signale der beiden Endschalter 72, 74, der Winkeldetektionseinrichtung 9, des Zeitmessers 83 und der Strommessung 89. Soll z. B. Zugriff auf die Mahlstation 3 erlaubt werden, steuert der Controller 82 den Antrieb 4 der Trägervorrichtung 2 dahingehend, dass die Mahlstation 3 unter den Ausschnitt 183 gedreht wird. Wenn diese Position erreicht ist, steuert der Controller 82 den Antriebsmotor 52 des Gehäusedeckels 18, welcher das Öffnen des drehbaren Verschlussdeckelteils 184 bewirkt. Wenn das drehbare Verschlussdeckelteil 184 so weit gedreht ist, dass die vollständig geöffnete Stellung des Gehäusedeckels 18 erreicht ist (vgl. Fig. 2), betätigt der Magnet 79 den Endschalter "Auf" 72, dessen Signal vom. Controller detektiert wird, so dass dieser den Antrieb des Motors 52 stoppt. Nach Zugriff des Benutzers auf die Mahlstation 3 soll möglicherweise ein Mahlvorgang gestartet werden, was der Benutzer am über dem Gehäusedeckel 18 angeordneten Touch-Screen-Display 16, welches ebenfalls mit dem Controller verbunden ist, eingibt. In Ansprechen auf diese Benutzereingabe steuert der Controller 82 den Motor 52 in entgegengesetzter Richtung, um den Gehäusedeckel zu schließen. Dabei wird das drehbare Verschlussdeckelteil 184 so lange gedreht, bis der Magnet 79 den Endschalter "Zu" 74 betätigt, woraufhin der Motor 52 gestoppt wird. Falls vor Erreichen des Endschalters 74 ein Hindernis das vollständige Schließen des Gehäusedeckels 18 verhindert, z. B. dadurch, dass ein Gegenstand in die Zugriffsöffnung 186 ragt und das drehbare Verschlussdeckelteil 184 blockiert, steigt der Treiberstrom des Motors 52 an, was mittels der Strommesseinrichtung 89 von dem Controller 82 detektiert wird, welcher aus Sicherheitsgründen dann das Schließen des Gehäusedeckels 18 abbricht und diesen wieder ein Stück weit öffnet.The controller 82 further includes a timer 83 and controls the drive logic 84 in response to the signals of the two limit switches 72, 74, the angle detection device 9, the timer 83 and the current measurement 89. z. For example, if access to the grinding station 3 is allowed, the controller 82 controls the drive 4 of the carrier device 2 to rotate the grinding station 3 below the cutout 183. When this position is reached, the controller 82 controls the drive motor 52 of the housing cover 18, which causes the opening of the rotatable cap member 184. If the rotatable closure lid part 184 is rotated so far that the fully open position of the housing cover 18 is reached (see. Fig. 2 ), the magnet 79 actuates the limit switch "open" 72, the signal from the. Controller is detected so that it stops the drive of the motor 52. After the user has accessed the grinding station 3, a grinding process may possibly be started, which the user enters on the touch-screen display 16 which is arranged above the housing cover 18 and which is likewise connected to the controller. In response to this User input, the controller 82 controls the motor 52 in the opposite direction to close the housing cover. At this time, the rotatable cap member 184 is rotated until the magnet 79 operates the limit switch "closed" 74, whereupon the motor 52 is stopped. If before reaching the limit switch 74, an obstacle prevents the complete closing of the housing cover 18, z. B. by an object in the access opening 186 protrudes and blocks the rotatable cap member 184, the drive current of the motor 52 increases, which is detected by the current measuring device 89 of the controller 82, which then breaks off the closing of the housing cover 18 and safety reasons opens it again a bit.

Es ist auch möglich, dass die Trägervorrichtung 2 in der geöffneten Deckelstellung, von der Steuereinrichtung gesteuert, langsam, d.h. nichtmahlend, gedreht wird, um z.B. auf eine entsprechende Benutzereingabe eine andere Mahlstation, in diesem Beispiel die zweite Mahlstation 3', in den Bereich der Zugriffsöffnung 186 zu drehen, um auf diese zugreifen zu können.It is also possible that the carrier device 2 in the open lid position, controlled by the controller, slowly, i. non-grinding, is rotated to e.g. on a corresponding user input another grinding station, in this example, the second grinding station 3 ', to rotate in the region of the access opening 186 in order to access them can.

Bezug nehmend auf Fig. 10 ist die untere Trägerscheibe 22 der Trägervorrichtung 2 dargestellt. Auf einem inneren Kreisring 92 sind in gleichmäßiger Verteilung neun Magnete 94 angeordnet, welche auch zur Drehzahlmessung verwendet werden. Zwei weitere Magnete 94' befinden sich auf einem äußeren Kreisring 96. Die Anordnung der Magnete 94 und 94' ergibt eine einfache Codierung, anhand derer mittels der Winkeldetektionseinrichtung 9 eindeutig bestimmt werden kann, ob die erste Mahlstation 3 oder die zweite Mahlstation 3' (welche in Fig. 10 nicht dargestellt sind, sondern nur deren Ausschnitte in der Trägervorrichtung 2) sich unter dem Ausschnitt 183 befindet. Die Winkeldetektionseinrichtung 9 umfasst hierzu in diesem Beispiel eine Anordnung aus drei Hallsensoren 98 an einem Halter 99 (in Fig. 10 geschnitten darstellt), mit denen die Codierung aufgelöst werden kann.Referring to Fig. 10 the lower carrier plate 22 of the carrier device 2 is shown. On an inner circular ring 92 nine magnets 94 are arranged in a uniform distribution, which are also used for speed measurement. Two further magnets 94 'are located on an outer circular ring 96. The arrangement of the magnets 94 and 94' results in a simple coding, by means of which by means of the angle detection device 9 can be clearly determined whether the first grinding station 3 or the second grinding station 3 '(which in Fig. 10 not shown, but only the cutouts in the support device 2) is located below the cutout 183. The For this purpose, angle detection device 9 comprises in this example an arrangement of three Hall sensors 98 on a holder 99 (in FIG Fig. 10 cut represents), with which the coding can be resolved.

Bezug nehmend auf die Fig. 11 bis 13 ist eine Sicherheitseinrichtung 200 dargestellt, welche eine vollständige Drehung der Trägervorrichtung 2 verhindert, wenn der Gehäusedeckel 18 geöffnet ist.Referring to the Fig. 11 to 13 a safety device 200 is shown, which prevents a complete rotation of the support device 2 when the housing cover 18 is opened.

Die Sicherheitseinrichtung 200 umfasst eine mechanische Blockiereinrichtung 210 für die Trägervorrichtung 2, welche sich in Fig. 11 und Fig. 12 im Freigabezustand und in Fig. 13 im Blockadezustand befindet. Die Blockiereinrichtung 210 weist einen vertikal verschieblichen Blockierriegel 212 auf, welcher mittels nicht dargestellter Federn nach oben in Richtung der Trägervorrichtung 2 vorgespannt ist. Hierzu ist der Blockierriegel 212 auf zwei Haltebolzen 218, welche an der Gehäusegrundplatte (in Fig. 11 bis Fig. 13 nicht dargestellt) befestigt sind, linear verschieblich gelagert.The safety device 200 comprises a mechanical blocking device 210 for the carrier device 2, which is located in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 in the release state and in Fig. 13 in the blocked state. The blocking device 210 has a vertically displaceable locking bar 212, which is biased by means of springs, not shown, upwards in the direction of the carrier device 2. For this purpose, the locking bar 212 on two retaining bolts 218 which on the housing base plate (in Fig. 11 to Fig. 13 not shown) are mounted linearly displaceable.

In dem Blockadezustand ragt ein Anschlagsende 220 des Blockierriegels in den Orbit eines an der Unterseite der oberen Trägerscheibe 21 der Trägervorrichtung 2 befestigten Blockierklotzes 214 hinein, so dass ein Anschlag für die Drehung der Trägervorrichtung gebildet wird; um eine vollständige Drehung der Trägervorrichtung (≥ 360 Grad) mechanisch zu blockieren. Der Blockierklotz 214 wird bei dieser Ausführungsform von dem Blockierriegel gefangen, dahingehend dass die Trägervorrichtung 2 noch eine begrenzte Drehung ausführen kann. Somit kann bei geöffnetem Gehäusedeckel 18 zwar jede beliebige Mahlstation, in diesem Beispiel die beiden Mahlstationen 3, 3' unter die Zugriffsöffnung 186 gefahren werden, aber selbst bei einer Fehlfunktion des Gesamtantriebs 4 der Trägervorrichtung 2 kann diese nicht in schnelle mahlende Rotation versetzt werden.In the blocking state, a stopper end 220 of the locking bar projects into orbit of a blocking block 214 fixed to the underside of the upper carrier disk 21 of the carrier device 2, so that a stopper for rotation of the carrier device is formed; to mechanically block a complete rotation of the carrier device (≥ 360 degrees). The blocking block 214 is caught by the blocking bar in this embodiment, in that the carrier device 2 can still perform a limited rotation. Thus, with the housing cover 18 open, although any grinding station, in this example, the two grinding stations 3, 3 'under the Access opening 186 are driven, but even with a malfunction of the overall drive 4 of the support device 2, this can not be put into rapid grinding rotation.

An dem Blockierriegel 212 ist eine Betätigungsrolle 222 befestigt, welche von dem unteren Ringabschnitt 184d des drehbaren Verschlussdeckelteils 184 betätigt wird. Hierzu besitzt das drehbare Verschlussdeckelteil 184, genauer dessen unterer Ringabschnitt 184d an geeigneter Stelle des Umfangs ein Betätigungselement in Form einer schrägen Betätigungsrampe 216, welche beim Schließen des Gehäusedeckels 18, bzw. beim Drehen des Verschlussdeckelteils 184 in die geschlossene Stellung, den Blockierriegel 212 nach unten gegen die Federvorspannung kraftbeaufschlagt und in den Freigabezustand überführt. In dem Freigabezustand kann der Blockierklotz 214 nun frei an dem Blockierriegel 212 vorbei drehen, so dass bei geschlossenem Gehäusedeckel 18 die Rotation der Trägervorrichtung 2 zum Mahlen des Mahlguts angetrieben werden kann.Attached to the blocking bar 212 is an actuating roller 222 which is actuated by the lower ring portion 184d of the rotatable closure lid portion 184. For this purpose, has the rotatable closure cover member 184, more precisely, the lower ring portion 184d at an appropriate point of the circumference of an actuator in the form of an oblique actuation ramp 216, which upon closing of the housing cover 18, or when turning the closure cover member 184 in the closed position, the locking bar 212 down counteracted by the spring preload and transferred to the release state. In the release state, the blocking block 214 can now rotate freely past the blocking bar 212, so that, when the housing cover 18 is closed, the rotation of the carrier device 2 for grinding the material to be ground can be driven.

Es ist dem Fachmann ersichtlich, dass die vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen beispielhaft zu verstehen sind, und die Erfindung nicht auf diese beschränkt ist, sondern in vielfältiger Weise variiert werden kann, ohne die Erfindung zu verlassen. Ferner ist ersichtlich, dass die Merkmale unabhängig davon, ob sie in der Beschreibung, den Ansprüchen, den Figuren oder anderweitig offenbart sind auch einzeln wesentliche Bestandteile der Erfindung definieren, selbst wenn sie zusammen mit anderen Merkmalen gemeinsam beschrieben sind.It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments are to be understood by way of example, and that the invention is not limited to them, but that they can be varied in many ways without departing from the invention. Furthermore, it will be understood that the features, independently as they are disclosed in the specification, claims, figures, or otherwise, also individually define essential components of the invention, even if described together with other features.

Claims (25)

  1. A ball mill, particularly a planetary ball mill or a centrifugal force ball mill, comprising
    a housing (1),
    a carrying device (2) rotatable mounted about a centre axis (24) with respect to the housing (1),
    at least one mill station (3, 3') with a receiving device (32) for at least one mill vessel, which receiving device is rotatable mounted to the carrying device (2) about a receiving axis (36), and which is carried along by the carrying device (2) about the centre axis (24), and with at least one mill vessel (34), which can be filled with material to be milled and milling balls, and which can be inserted into the mill vessel (34),
    a drive (4) for the carrying device (2),
    a drive for the receiving device (32),
    wherein the housing includes a mill space (40), in which the carrying device (2) rotates with the mill station (3, 3') during the milling operation,
    wherein the housing (1) has a housing cap (18) for closing the mill space (40) such that the housing cap (18) can be transferred from an open position into a closed position and vice versa,
    characterized in that
    the housing cap (18) has at least two cap parts (182, 184) engaging each other, wherein the first cap part is a cut-out cap part (182) with a cut-out (183), and the second cap part is a seal cap part (184) for sealing the cut-out (183), and the cut-out cap part (182) and the seal cap part (184) can be shifted with respect to each other between the open and the closed position in the plane of rotation of the carrying device,
    wherein in the open position, the cut-out (182) releases an access opening (186), through which access to at least one mill station (3, 3') is made possible for inserting the mill vessel (34) into the receiving device (32), or for removing the mill vessel (34) from the receiving device (32), and
    wherein in the closed position, the cut-out (183) is closed by means of the seal cap part (184) so that the milling operation can be performed.
  2. The ball mill according to claim 1, characterized in that the shifting takes place by a rotation of the two cap parts in such a way that at least one of the two cap parts (182, 184) is rotatable in the plane of rotation of the carrying device (2), to be rotated with respect to each other back and forth between a first and a second rotational position of the two cap parts (182, 184), wherein the open position corresponds to the first rotational position, and the closed position corresponds to the second rotational position.
  3. The ball mill according to claim 2, characterized in that
    the two cap parts (182, 184) hat-like engage each other, and both cap parts (182, 184) have a cut-out (183, 185) each, and the open position is achieved by placing the two cut-outs (183, 185) into an overlapping position by rotating at least one of the two cap parts (182, 184) in the plane of rotation of the carrying device (2).
  4. The ball mill according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the cap parts (182) is fixedly attached at the housing (1), and only the other cap part (184) is rotated in the plane of rotation of the carrying device (2) to effect a rotation of the two cap parts (182,184) relatively to each other, and to open or to close the housing cap (18).
  5. The ball mill according to claim 4, characterized in that the fixed cap part (182) turns to a horizontal cap ground plate (19) connected with the housing (1), and that the rotatable cap part (184) has a lower guide ring (184e) being guided under the cap ground plate in a plurality of bearing rolls (62) arranged along a circumference.
  6. The ball mill according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the two cap parts (182, 184) are formed as hat-like cut-out cap parts, and that the first cut-out cap part has a sector cut-out (183, 185), and that each of the non-cut-out remainders (181) of the two cut-out cap parts (182, 184) is larger than the sector cut-out (183, 185) of the corresponding other cap part to close the sector cut-out in the closed position.
  7. The ball mill according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ball mill comprises a drive motor (52) to open and close the housing cap (18).
  8. The ball mill according to claim 7, characterized in that the drive motor (52) is formed as a d.c. motor, whose polarity is reversed to be able to open and close the housing cap in opposite directions of rotation.
  9. The ball mill according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the drive motor (52) drives the rotatable cap part by means of a driving belt (58), when the housing cap (18) is opened or closed.
  10. The ball mill according to claim 9, characterized in that the driving belt (58) is formed as a toothed belt, and that the drive motor (52) drives a toothed belt wheel (56) via a gear (54), over which wheel the driving belt is put, and that the driving belt is fixed to the rotatable cover part (184) to drive latter.
  11. The ball mill according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the drive (5) is formed self-locking.
  12. The ball mill according to claim 11, characterized in that the gear (54) comprises a worm gear pair.
  13. The ball mill according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized by a control device (82) for controlling the closing and the opening of the housing cap (18),
    wherein the housing cap has end switches (72, 74) connected with the control device (82), and detecting and noticing the control device (82) that the totally closed or opened position has been reached, and the control device terminates the closing or the opening in response to the notice.
  14. The ball mill according to claim 13, characterized in that the end switches (72, 74) are formed as solenoid switches (79, 76, 78).
  15. The ball mill according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the control device (82) has a safety circuit (89) continuously monitoring at least the closing of the housing cap (18), and terminating the closing, when an obstacle is detected.
  16. The ball mill according to claim 15, characterized in that the safety circuit (89) measures the current of the drive motor, and terminates closing the housing cap (18) in case of exceeding a current flow limit.
  17. The ball mill according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the control device (82) comprises a time-measuring instrument (83), which measures the period of closing or opening till the notice by the associated end switch, and terminates closing or opening the housing cap (18) after exceeding a predefined maximum period.
  18. The ball mill according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the control device (82) allows an user input comprising the selection of a certain mill station (3, 3'), wherein the ball mill has an angle detection device (9) to identify the absolute angle position of the carrying device (2), and in response to the user input and the identification of the angle position, the ball mill automatically rotates the carrying device (2) into a position, in which manual access to the selected mill station (3, 3') is made
    possible with the housing cap (18) being open.
  19. The ball mill according to claim 18, characterized in that the non-milling rotation of the carrying device (2) for positioning the selected mill station (3, 3') takes place with the housing cap (18) being in the open position, or the control device (82) automatically opens the housing cap after the non-milling rotation of the carrying device (2) for positioning the selected mill station (3, 3')
  20. The ball mill according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the angle detection device (9) comprises an encoded arrangement of magnets and corresponding Hall sensors (92, 92', 94) at the carrying device (2) or at the housing (1) respectively such that depending on the angle position of the carrying device (2), one or more of the magnets (92, 92') reach the sensitivity range of the Hall sensors (94), and the Hall sensors are read out by the control device, and the control device (82) determines the absolute angle position of the carrying device (2) on the basis of the coding.
  21. The ball mill according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a blocking device (210) for the carrying device (2) with a release state, in which the rotation of the carrying device (2) for performing the milling operation can be driven, and with a blocking state, in which the rotation of the carrying device (2) is totally prevented or at least limited by the blocking device (210).
  22. The ball mill according to claim 21, characterized in that the carrying device (2) is limitedly rotatable in the blocking state, namely only about less than 360 degrees, when not milling.
  23. The ball mill according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the blocking device (210) is actuated by the housing cap (18) to that effect that the blocking device is transferred from the release state into the blocking state, when the housing cap (18) opens up, and that the blocking device (210) is transferred from the blocking state into the release state, when the housing cap (18) closes.
  24. The ball mill according to one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the blocking device (210) comprises a blocking bar (212) movably attached at the housing (1) and a blocking log (214) attached at the carrying device (2), which bar and log acting together mechanically block a complete rotation of the carrying device (2) in the blocking state.
  25. The ball mill according to claim 24, characterized in that the blocking bar (212) is spring pretensioned in the direction of the carrying device (2), and in the blocking state engages the orbit of the blocking log, and that the blocking bar (212) is removed from the orbit of the blocking log (214), when the housing cap (18) opens up, in order to enable a rotation of the blocking log (214) along the blocking bar (212) to that effect that the blocking bar (212) is moved against the spring pretension into the release state by an actuation ramp (216) at the movable cap part (184).
EP06792376A 2006-04-26 2006-10-05 Ball mill with a housing and a housing cover Active EP2010329B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202006006901 2006-04-26
DE202006007543U DE202006007543U1 (en) 2006-04-26 2006-05-10 Ball mill with housing and housing cover
PCT/EP2006/009627 WO2007124777A1 (en) 2006-04-26 2006-10-05 Ball mill with a housing and a housing cover

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2010329A1 EP2010329A1 (en) 2009-01-07
EP2010329B1 true EP2010329B1 (en) 2010-01-13

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Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP2010329B1 (en)
DE (2) DE202006007543U1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007124777A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013003692A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Highres Biosolutions Automated centrifuge with side and top access

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DE102012007530B4 (en) 2012-04-17 2017-05-11 Fritsch Gmbh Grinding jar for a laboratory mill
DE102012009983A1 (en) 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Fritsch Gmbh Mono-ball mill e.g. planetary mono-ball mill, for use in laboratory measuring unit for e.g. breaking samples, has adjusting device adjusting leveling compound independent of rotational direction of carrier device in different directions
DE102012009987B4 (en) 2012-05-22 2023-02-23 Fritsch Gmbh laboratory ball mill
DE102012009985A1 (en) 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Fritsch Gmbh Planetary/centrifugal-type laboratory ball mill for mixing samples, has grinding vessel that is inserted into cage of grinding unit, during grinding process, and is removed from cage if housing cover is opened
DE102012009984A1 (en) 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Fritsch Gmbh Laboratory ball mill, particular planetary- or centrifugal force-mono ball mill for crushing and mixing of samples, has carrier device which is rotatably mounted around central axis and grinding station with receiving device
DE102012009982A1 (en) 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Fritsch Gmbh Laboratory ball mill e.g. planetary mono ball mill for crushing material, has receiving device rotatably mounted to carrier device, which is provided with cage and clamping element for axial clamping of grinding vessel in cage
CN111841770A (en) * 2020-07-27 2020-10-30 安徽阖煦微波技术有限公司 Ball milling device and method for preparing microwave gyromagnetic ferrite material
FR3113495B1 (en) 2020-08-21 2022-10-14 Nexter Munitions STEEL WITH HIGH MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT

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JP2570537B2 (en) * 1991-11-26 1997-01-08 株式会社栗本鐵工所 Batch type planetary ball mill
DE19712905C2 (en) * 1997-03-27 2003-11-06 Fritsch Gmbh Laborgeraetebau Planetary ball mill

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013003692A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Highres Biosolutions Automated centrifuge with side and top access
US9492828B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2016-11-15 HighRes Biosolutions, Inc. Automated centrifuge with side and top access

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WO2007124777A1 (en) 2007-11-08
DE502006005948D1 (en) 2010-03-04
DE202006007543U1 (en) 2007-09-06
EP2010329A1 (en) 2009-01-07

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