EP2008772A1 - Pliers - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2008772A1
EP2008772A1 EP06743426A EP06743426A EP2008772A1 EP 2008772 A1 EP2008772 A1 EP 2008772A1 EP 06743426 A EP06743426 A EP 06743426A EP 06743426 A EP06743426 A EP 06743426A EP 2008772 A1 EP2008772 A1 EP 2008772A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pusher
orifice
branch
mortise
female
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06743426A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2008772A4 (en
EP2008772B1 (en
Inventor
José Ignacio Picaza Ibarrondo
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Rothenberger SA
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Rothenberger SA
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Publication of EP2008772A1 publication Critical patent/EP2008772A1/en
Publication of EP2008772A4 publication Critical patent/EP2008772A4/en
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Publication of EP2008772B1 publication Critical patent/EP2008772B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B7/00Pliers; Other hand-held gripping tools with jaws on pivoted limbs; Details applicable generally to pivoted-limb hand tools
    • B25B7/06Joints
    • B25B7/10Joints with adjustable fulcrum

Definitions

  • the object of the invention relates to a clamp of those used, for example, in plumbing.
  • the forceps which is the subject of the invention offers a more simplified construction by eliminating the band which, in the patent 200501312 , is intercalated between the pin and the pusher, which is now a single piece, which performs the function of push and fret.
  • the object of the invention relates to a clamp, those which consist of two branches, a male (10) and another female (20), which carry the respective jaws of the opening; these branches (10), (20) being joined together by a hinge pin (2) which, being constituted by the axis of rotation of the female branch (20), is multi-positionable in a staggered manner in an oblong window ( V) of the male branch (10) to vary the size of the opening of the clamp.
  • the female branch (20) defines a first orifice (O 1 ) and a second orifice (O 2 ) coaxial in which is mounted the hinge pin (2) which comprises a toothed lug (1) which may or may not mesh with a toothing (101) defined in the oblong window (V) of the male branch (10).
  • the female branch (20) has a lateral protuberance (P) in which a lateral mortise (6) has been made, coaxial with the two orifices (O 1 ), (O 2 ) of the female branch (20).
  • the hinge pin (2) defines, at one end, a head (C 2 ), with a perimetral boss (22) and an internal seat (21) and, at the other end, a threaded zone (23). .
  • the boss (22), the seat (21) and the threaded zone (23) successively have a smaller diameter: the boss (22) of larger diameter than the seat (21), both of larger diameter that the central area of the axis (2) and all larger diameter than the end zone threaded (23) -though this geometry is not limiting and its alteration does not change the essence of the invention-.
  • toothed lug (1) in the central region of the shaft (2) which abuts laterally against the seat (21). Said toothed lug (1) conforms to external teeth (11) which may or may not mesh with the conjugate teeth (101) provided in the oblong window (V) of the male branch (10).
  • This pusher (5) coaxially defines an inner mortise (51) and an extension (52) forming an internal orifice (50) and which extends beyond its head (C 5 ), where this internal mortise (51) conforms. ) -see Figures 3 and 4 -.
  • the toothed lug (1) and, at least, the extension (52) of the pusher (5) consist of a material resistant to wear.
  • the orifices (O 1 ), (O 2 ) of the female branch (20) have different diameters and, respectively, conjugate of the axis (2) in its seat area (21) and the extension (52) of the pusher (5).
  • the diameter of the first orifice (O 1 ) is greater than the diameter of the second orifice (O 2 ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Pince à deux branches, qui sont assemblées entre elles au moyen d'un axe d'articulation (2). L'une des branches (20) comporte une protubérance (P) sur laquelle a été pratiquée une mortaise latérale (6) qui se prolonge dans l'un des orifices (O 2 ), un poussoir (5) y étant placé, qui dispose d'une mortaise intérieure (51) où est situé un ressort (4), qui agit entre le poussoir (5) et la branche (20). L'axe d'articulation (2) est assemblé par vissage au poussoir (5) dans la zone de la mortaise latérale, un ergot denté (1) étant disposé coaxialement entre eux et en continuité mécanique. Le poussoir (5) se poursuit par un prolongement (52), qui est situé sur les parois de l'autre orifice (O 2 ) en position de travail. Applicable aux outils manuels.Clamp with two branches, which are assembled together by means of a hinge pin (2). One of the branches (20) has a protuberance (P) on which has been made a lateral mortise (6) which is extended in one of the orifices (O 2), a pusher (5) being placed therein, which has an inner mortise (51) where is located a spring (4), which acts between the pusher (5) and the branch (20). The hinge pin (2) is assembled by screwing to the pusher (5) in the zone of the lateral mortise, a toothed lug (1) being arranged coaxially with each other and in mechanical continuity. The pusher (5) continues with an extension (52), which is located on the walls of the other orifice (O 2) in the working position. Applicable to hand tools.

Description

L'objet de l'invention a trait à une pince de celles employées, par exemple, dans la plomberie.The object of the invention relates to a clamp of those used, for example, in plumbing.

Dans l'état actuel de la technique, ce type de pince est de'jà connu. On connaît même des pinces réglables, constituées de deux branches qui sont assemblées entre elles au moyen d'un boulon d'articulation et où l'une des branches est réglable de façon échelonnée dans une fenêtre oblongue de l'autre branche, pour faire varier la taille de l'ouverture de la pince.In the current state of the art, this type of clamp is already known. There are even known adjustable clamps, consisting of two branches which are joined together by means of a hinge bolt and where one of the branches is steplessly adjustable in an oblong window of the other branch, to vary the size of the opening of the clamp.

À partir de cette nécessité de faire varier la taille de l'ouverture de la pince, on a développé des pinces ayant un mécanisme de grandes fiabilité, solidité et facilité de maniement permettant de passer rapidement d'une position de travail (où les mors de la pince maintiennent un écart constant tandis que les branches/mors tournent mutuellement pour s'ouvrir/se fermer) vers une position de régulation (où une branche se déplace linéairement par rapport à l'autre dans la fenêtre oblongue). Le Brevet espagnol P20501312 , du même demandeur, est, par exemple, l'un d'entre eux.From this need to vary the size of the opening of the clamp, it has developed clamps having a mechanism of great reliability, strength and ease of handling to move quickly from a working position (where the jaws of the clamp maintains a constant gap while the legs / jaws mutually rotate to open / close) to a control position (where one leg moves linearly relative to the other in the oblong window). The Spanish patent P20501312 , of the same applicant, is, for example, one of them.

La pince qui fait l'objet de l'invention offre une construction plus simplifiée en éliminant la frette qui, dans le Brevet 200501312 , s'intercale entre l'ergot et le poussoir qui, à présent, est une pièce monobloc, qui remplit la fonction de poussoir et de frette.The forceps which is the subject of the invention offers a more simplified construction by eliminating the band which, in the patent 200501312 , is intercalated between the pin and the pusher, which is now a single piece, which performs the function of push and fret.

Les avantages de l'élimination de la frette et de l'insertion de cette pièce monobloc (poussoir + frette) sont les suivants :

  1. a) on réduit le nombre total de pièces de la pince.
  2. b) on permet un meilleur alignement du système de blocage, en raison de l'intervention de moins de composants.
  3. c) moins d'exigences d'usinage sont demandées, du fait de ne pas à avoir à aligner autant de composants.
  4. d) fonctionnement plus doux.
  5. e) moindre risque de grippage, et
  6. f) plus grande facilité de montage, du fait de ne pas avoir à positionner la frette dans son logement, ni à avoir à la prendre.
The advantages of the removal of the hoop and the insertion of this one-piece piece (pusher + fret) are as follows:
  1. a) reduces the total number of pieces of the clamp.
  2. b) a better alignment of the blocking system is allowed, due to the intervention of fewer components.
  3. c) fewer machining requirements are required because of not having to align so many components.
  4. d) smoother operation.
  5. e) less risk of seizure, and
  6. f) greater ease of assembly, because of not having to position the hoop in its housing, nor having to take it.

Pour mieux comprendre l'objet de la présente invention, on représente sur les plans une forme préférentielle de réalisation pratique, susceptible de changements accessoires qui n'en dénaturent pas le fondement.

  • La figure 1 représente une vue générale de profil en long d'une pince selon l'invention, pour un exemple -non limitatif- de réalisation pratique.
  • La figure 2 représente une vue générale en perspective de l'axe de réglage (2) avec éléments composants restants -ergot denté (1), ressort (4) et poussoir (5)- en disposition de montage.
  • La figure 3 représente une section générale amplifiée, selon l'indication A:A de la figure 1, pour la réalisation de la figure 2, en position de réglage.
  • La figure 4 représente une section générale amplifiée, selon l'indication A:A de la figure 1, pour la réalisation de la figure 2, en position de travail.
To better understand the object of the present invention, there is shown on the plans a preferred embodiment of practical embodiment, susceptible of incidental changes that do not distort the foundation.
  • The figure 1 represents a general view of a clamp along the length of the invention, for a non-limiting example of practical realization.
  • The figure 2 is a general perspective view of the adjusting axis (2) with remaining component elements - toothed dog (1), spring (4) and pushrod (5) - in mounting arrangement.
  • The figure 3 represents an amplified general section, according to the indication A: A of the figure 1 , for the realization of the figure 2 , in the setting position.
  • The figure 4 represents an amplified general section, according to the indication A: A of the figure 1 , for the realization of the figure 2 , in working position.

On décrit ci-dessous un exemple de réalisation pratique, non limitative, de la présente invention.An exemplary practical, non-limiting embodiment of the present invention is described below.

L'objet de l'invention a trait à une pince, de celles qui cont constituées de deux branches, une mâle (10) et une autre femelle (20), qui portent les mors respectifs de l'ouverture ; ces branches (10), (20) étant assemblées entre elles par un axe d'articulation (2) qui, étant constitué en axe de rotation de la branche femelle (20), est multi-positionnable de façon échelonnée dans une fenêtre oblongue (V) de la branche mâle (10) pour faire varier la taille de l'ouverture de la pince.The object of the invention relates to a clamp, those which consist of two branches, a male (10) and another female (20), which carry the respective jaws of the opening; these branches (10), (20) being joined together by a hinge pin (2) which, being constituted by the axis of rotation of the female branch (20), is multi-positionable in a staggered manner in an oblong window ( V) of the male branch (10) to vary the size of the opening of the clamp.

Ayant une forme connue, la branche femelle (20) définit un premier orifice (O1) et un second orifice (O2) coaxiaux dans lesquels est monté l'axe d'articulation (2) qui comporte un ergot denté (1) qui peut s'engréner ou pas sur une denture (101) définie dans la fenêtre oblongue (V) de la branche mâle (10).Having a known shape, the female branch (20) defines a first orifice (O 1 ) and a second orifice (O 2 ) coaxial in which is mounted the hinge pin (2) which comprises a toothed lug (1) which may or may not mesh with a toothing (101) defined in the oblong window (V) of the male branch (10).

Conformément à l'invention et selon la réalisation représentée sur les figures 2 à 4 :According to the invention and according to the embodiment shown on the Figures 2 to 4 :

La branche femelle (20) comporte une protubérance latérale (P) dans laquelle on a pratiqué une mortaise latérale (6), coaxiale avec les deux orifices (O1), (O2) de la branche femelle (20).The female branch (20) has a lateral protuberance (P) in which a lateral mortise (6) has been made, coaxial with the two orifices (O 1 ), (O 2 ) of the female branch (20).

L'axe d'articulation (2) définit, à une extrémité, une tête (C2), avec un bossage périmetral (22) et un siège interne (21) et, à l'autre extrémité, une zone filetée (23). De préférence, le bossage (22), le siège (21) et la zone filetée (23) ont successivement un diamètre inférieur : le bossage (22) de plus grand diamètre que le siège (21), tous les deux de plus grand diamètre que la zone centrale de l'axe (2) et tous de plus grand diamètre que la zone extrême filetée (23) -bien que cette géométrie ne soit pas limitative et son altération ne change pas l'essence de l'invention-.The hinge pin (2) defines, at one end, a head (C 2 ), with a perimetral boss (22) and an internal seat (21) and, at the other end, a threaded zone (23). . Preferably, the boss (22), the seat (21) and the threaded zone (23) successively have a smaller diameter: the boss (22) of larger diameter than the seat (21), both of larger diameter that the central area of the axis (2) and all larger diameter than the end zone threaded (23) -though this geometry is not limiting and its alteration does not change the essence of the invention-.

On dispose un ergot denté (1) dans la zone centrale de l'axe (2) qui vient buter latéralement contre le siège (21). Ledit ergot denté (1) conforme des dents extérieures (11) susceptibles de s'engrener ou pas dans des dents conjuguées (101) prévues dans la fenêtre oblongue (V) de la branche mâle (10).There is a toothed lug (1) in the central region of the shaft (2) which abuts laterally against the seat (21). Said toothed lug (1) conforms to external teeth (11) which may or may not mesh with the conjugate teeth (101) provided in the oblong window (V) of the male branch (10).

On dispose un poussoir (5) fileté dans la zone extrême (23) de l'axe (2). Ce poussoir (5) définit coaxialement une mortaise intérieure (51) et un prolongement (52) formant un orifice interne (50) et qui s'étend au-delà de sa tête (C5), où se conforme cette mortaise intérieure (51) -voir figures 3 et 4-.There is a threaded pusher (5) in the end zone (23) of the axis (2). This pusher (5) coaxially defines an inner mortise (51) and an extension (52) forming an internal orifice (50) and which extends beyond its head (C 5 ), where this internal mortise (51) conforms. ) -see Figures 3 and 4 -.

L'orifice interne (50), fileté dans son fond, admet sous forme filetée (23) l'axe (2) le prolongement (52) du poussoir (5) disposé sans être fileté escortant la zone centrale de l'axe (2) et venant buter latéralement contre ledit ergot denté (1) en continuité mécanique.The internal orifice (50), threaded in its bottom, admits in threaded form (23) the axis (2) the extension (52) of the pusher (5) arranged without being threaded escorting the central zone of the axis (2). ) and abutting laterally against said toothed lug (1) in mechanical continuity.

En particulier, l'ergot denté (1) et, au moins, le prolongement (52) du poussoir (5) sont constitué d'un matériau résistant à l'usure.In particular, the toothed lug (1) and, at least, the extension (52) of the pusher (5) consist of a material resistant to wear.

On dispose un ressort interne (4) qui agit entre le poussoir (5) et la branche femelle (20) : logé coaxialement dans ces mortaises (6), (51) et agissant en contreposition contre ses bases, il tend à séparer le poussoir (5) de la branche femelle (20) et, par conséquent, il tend à maintenir l'axe (2) dans une position extrême, dans laquelle l'ergot denté (1) maintient ses dents (11) engrenées dans les dents conjuguées (10) prévues dans la fenêtre oblongue (V) de la branche mâle (10).It has an internal spring (4) which acts between the pusher (5) and the female branch (20): housed coaxially in these mortises (6), (51) and acting against its bases, it tends to separate the pusher (5) of the female branch (20) and, therefore, it tends to maintain the axis (2) in an extreme position, in which the toothed lug (1) maintains its teeth (11) engaged in the conjugate teeth (10) provided in the oblong window (V) of the male branch (10).

Les orifices (O1), (O2) de la branche femelle (20) ont des diamètres différents et, respectivement, conjugués de l'axe (2) dans sa zone de siège (21) et du prolongement (52) du poussoir (5). En particulier, le diamètre du premier orifice (O1) est plus grand que le diamètre du second orifice (O2).The orifices (O 1 ), (O 2 ) of the female branch (20) have different diameters and, respectively, conjugate of the axis (2) in its seat area (21) and the extension (52) of the pusher (5). In particular, the diameter of the first orifice (O 1 ) is greater than the diameter of the second orifice (O 2 ).

Avec cette structuration et ce montage, une simple pression manuelle sur le poussoir (5) comprime le ressort (4) et déplace l'axe (2) en même temps que l'ergot denté (1) qui y est monté, jusqu'à ce que les dents (11) de l'ergot denté (1) se libèrent des dents (101) de la branche mâle (10). Tant que le poussoir (59 est maintenu pressé, son prolongement (52) se maintient en face des dents (101) et ce prolongement (52) peut être déplacé librement dans la fenêtre (V) en même temps que l'axe (2) et la branche femelle (20) pour faire varier la taille de l'ouverture de la pince.With this structuring and this assembly, a simple manual pressure on the pusher (5) compresses the spring (4) and moves the shaft (2) at the same time as the toothed pin (1) which is mounted there, until the teeth (11) of the toothed lug (1) are released from the teeth (101) of the male branch (10). As long as the pusher (59 is kept pressed, its extension (52) is held in front of the teeth (101) and this extension (52) can be moved freely in the window (V) at the same time as the axis (2) and the female branch (20) for varying the size of the opening of the clamp.

Claims (5)

Pince à deux branches, une mâle (10) et une autre femelle (20) qui sont assemblées entre elles par un axe d'articulation (2); et où la branche femelle (20) est réglable de façon échelonnée dans une fenêtre oblongue (V) de la branche mâle (10) pour faire varier la taille de l'ouverture de la pince ; étant définis dans la branche femelle (20) un premier orifice (O1) et un second orifice (O2) coaxiaux, dans lesquels est monté l'axe d'articulation (2) qui comporte un ergot denté (1) qui, selon qu'il est en position de travail ou en position de réglage, peut s'engrener ou pas sur une denture (101) définie dans la fenêtre oblongue (V) de la branche mâle (10) ; se caractérisant par le fait que : a) La branche femelle (20) comporte une protubérance (P) sur laquelle a été pratiquée une mortaise latérale (6) qui se prolonge dans le second orifice (O2), étant situé dans cette mortaise (6) un poussoir (5) qui dispose d'une mortaise intérieure (51) où est placé un ressort (4) qui agit entre le poussoir (5) et la branche femelle (20). b) L'axe d'articulation (2) est assemblé par vissage au poussoir (5) dans la zone de la mortaise latérale (6), un ergot denté (1) étant disposé coaxialement entre eux et en continuité mécanique. c) Le poussoir (5) comporte des moyens de poussée (52) en continuité mécanique avec l'ergot denté (1) et l'axe (2), qui est situé sur les parois du second orifice (O2) dans la position de travail. Tongs with two branches, one male (10) and another female (20) which are joined together by a hinge pin (2); and wherein the female branch (20) is steplessly adjustable in an oblong window (V) of the male branch (10) to vary the size of the opening of the clamp; being defined in the female branch (20) a coaxial first orifice (O 1 ) and a second orifice (O 2 ), in which is mounted the hinge pin (2) which comprises a toothed pin (1) which, according to it is in the working position or in the adjustment position, can mesh or not on a toothing (101) defined in the oblong window (V) of the male branch (10); characterized by the fact that : a) The female branch (20) has a protuberance (P) on which has been made a lateral mortise (6) which is extended in the second orifice (O 2 ), being located in this mortise (6) a pusher (5) which has an inner mortise (51) which is placed a spring (4) which acts between the pusher (5) and the female branch (20). b) The hinge pin (2) is assembled by screwing to the pusher (5) in the region of the side mortise (6), a toothed lug (1) being arranged coaxially with each other and in mechanical continuity. c) The pusher (5) comprises pushing means (52) in mechanical continuity with the toothed lug (1) and the axis (2), which is located on the walls of the second orifice (O 2 ) in the position working. Pince, selon la revendication 1, se caractérisant par le fait que ledit moyen de poussée est un prolongement (52) qui s'étend au-delà du poussoir (5).Gripper according to claim 1, characterized in that said thrusting means is an extension (52) extending beyond the pusher (5). Pince, selon les revendications antérieures, se caractérisant par le fait que le diamètre Ø1 du premier orifice (O1) est plus grand que le diamètre Ø2 du second orifice (O2) : Ø1 > Ø2 Clamp according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter Ø 1 of the first orifice (O 1 ) is larger than the diameter Ø 2 of the second orifice (O 2 ): Ø 1 > Ø 2 Pince, selon les revendications antérieures, se caractérisant par le fait que le premier orifice (O1) définit un siège (201) sur lequel, en position de travail, prend appui un bossage conjugué (22) de l'axe (2) ; de façon à ce que la tête (C2) de l'axe (2) ne dépasse pas par rapport à la face latérale de la branche femelle (20).Clamp according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the first orifice (O 1 ) defines a seat (201) on which, in working position, bears a conjugate boss (22) of the axis (2); so that the head (C 2 ) of the shaft (2) does not protrude from the side face of the female branch (20). Pince, selon les revendications antérieures, se caractérisant par le fait que l'ergot denté (1) et, au moins, le prolongement (52) du poussoir (5) sont constitués d'un matériau résistant à l'usure.Clamp according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the toothed lug (1) and at least the extension (52) of the pusher (5) consist of a material resistant to wear.
EP06743426A 2006-04-07 2006-04-07 Pliers Active EP2008772B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2006/000166 WO2007116104A1 (en) 2006-04-07 2006-04-07 Pliers

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2008772A1 true EP2008772A1 (en) 2008-12-31
EP2008772A4 EP2008772A4 (en) 2010-05-26
EP2008772B1 EP2008772B1 (en) 2013-03-20

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EP06743426A Active EP2008772B1 (en) 2006-04-07 2006-04-07 Pliers

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US7748300B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2008772B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009532219A (en)
CN (1) CN101374636A (en)
ES (1) ES2405356T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2008772E (en)
WO (1) WO2007116104A1 (en)

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US20100018364A1 (en) * 2008-07-28 2010-01-28 Irwin Industrial Tool Company Quick adjusting multi-position pliers
CN201455835U (en) * 2009-07-16 2010-05-12 杭州巨星科技股份有限公司 Rapid water pump clamp
EP2531742B1 (en) 2010-02-02 2014-12-03 KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Plunger rod adjuster for compact brake caliper units, having an adjusting lever that abuts on an elastic stop
ES2462554B1 (en) * 2012-11-22 2015-03-18 Rothenberger, S. A. Pincer improvements
US20140053694A1 (en) * 2012-08-24 2014-02-27 Li-Tu Lin Wu Rib joint pliers
CN106272137B (en) * 2016-11-01 2017-12-01 陈永 Compound pincers and clamp handle structure
CN108422343A (en) * 2017-02-15 2018-08-21 杭州巨星科技股份有限公司 A kind of adjustable pincers
USD850228S1 (en) * 2018-02-21 2019-06-04 Snap-On Incorporated Pliers with teeth on side
USD845098S1 (en) 2018-02-21 2019-04-09 Snap-On Incorporated Pliers with teeth in slot
TWI680037B (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-12-21 游再順 Plier with a capability to unlock easily
TWI727803B (en) * 2020-05-20 2021-05-11 王衍裕 Tool jaw width adjustment structure

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US6530099B1 (en) * 2000-07-19 2003-03-11 Snap-On Technologies, Inc. Injection molded pliers with insert molded dual purpose reinforcing and implement structure
FR2811925B1 (en) * 2000-07-19 2003-01-24 Facom MULTIPRISE PLIERS

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EP1916063A2 (en) * 2005-06-01 2008-04-30 Rothenberger, S.A. Pliers

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Title
See also references of WO2007116104A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007116104A1 (en) 2007-10-18
JP2009532219A (en) 2009-09-10
EP2008772A4 (en) 2010-05-26
CN101374636A (en) 2009-02-25
US7748300B2 (en) 2010-07-06
ES2405356T3 (en) 2013-05-30
PT2008772E (en) 2013-06-17
US20080264217A1 (en) 2008-10-30
EP2008772B1 (en) 2013-03-20

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