EP1995932A2 - System und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von Informationen über den Präsenzzustand mit verbesserter Zuverlässigkeit - Google Patents

System und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von Informationen über den Präsenzzustand mit verbesserter Zuverlässigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1995932A2
EP1995932A2 EP08156736A EP08156736A EP1995932A2 EP 1995932 A2 EP1995932 A2 EP 1995932A2 EP 08156736 A EP08156736 A EP 08156736A EP 08156736 A EP08156736 A EP 08156736A EP 1995932 A2 EP1995932 A2 EP 1995932A2
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Prior art keywords
state
probability
terminal
information
source
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EP08156736A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1995932A3 (de
EP1995932B1 (de
Inventor
François Toutain
Philippe Bouille
Guillaume Collin
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Orange SA
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France Telecom SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/54—Presence management, e.g. monitoring or registration for receipt of user log-on information, or the connection status of the users
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of digital interpersonal communications and more particularly concerns the management of "presence" information making it possible to characterize the state of presence of a user on one or more terminals connected to at least one telecommunications network. .
  • presence information will mean information relating to the "physical" presence of a user on a terminal.
  • the presence information of a user characterizes the fact that this user is really close to one of his terminals, and therefore reachable. Such information indicates, for example, that the user is ready to receive a communication on a given terminal, or, conversely, that it is unavailable because already engaged in a communication.
  • the presence information characterizing a state of presence of the user is intended to be transmitted through the network, so as to be viewable by other users, and / or by automatic applications implemented by the network, which can thus, take note of the present state of presence of this user.
  • IP network In the case where the user has several terminals connected to an IP network ("Internet Protocol"), it is known to obtain according to the XMPP protocol ("eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol") presence status information provided by at least one state source of each of the terminals, so as to identify the terminal on which the user is reachable.
  • XMPP protocol eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
  • each presence information obtained by any source of state at an initial time, loses its value or its relevance, as the seniority of this information increases. For example, if a video sensor of a workstation interrogated at an initial time t detects the presence of a human form, the probability that the user is at this workstation at time t is obviously high. . However, at a later time t '> t, it is possible that the user has left the workstation, in which case the presence information provided at the moment is no longer valid from the moment t' .
  • the present invention provides a solution that does not have the aforementioned disadvantages, constantly changing over time the relevance of the presence information provided by each state source, so as to take into account the aging of this information.
  • weighting the raw presence information provided by a state source i.e., changing the weight assigned to it
  • a weighting method responsible for taking into account the age of this information the present invention makes it possible to maintain the acuity of the presence information optimally over time, without requiring an excessively high updating frequency.
  • the present invention provides a method of processing presence state information relating to a state of presence of a user on a terminal, said presence state information being provided by at least one state source. associated with the terminal.
  • This method comprises a weighting step in which said information is weighted according to a level of relevance calculated as a function of time, so as to correct the weight of the presence information over a given time interval.
  • the weighting of the presence state information in accordance with the present invention makes it possible to correct the relevance of this information over time, so as to provide more reliable information.
  • This corrected information makes it possible to maximize the reliability of a presence state of a user determined by a presence management system, especially in the case where an update of the presence status information can not be performed by each state source or that this update can not be done regularly enough.
  • each state source is associated with a level of relevance adapted to this source.
  • This adaptation makes it possible to account for the evolution of the veracity of a presence information in a specific manner to each state source over time to provide presence information with an improved confidence rate.
  • presence information provided by a state source is constituted by a probability of presence, this probability of presence being corrected during the weighting step, by applying to it an obsolescence function. , so as to obtain a corrected presence probability, the obsolescence function defining a level of relevance calculated as a function of time.
  • the application of the function of obsolescence on the probability of presence makes it possible to correct (in particular to decrease) the value of this probability over time, in order to take into consideration possible state changes such as the sudden distance of the user from the video sensor (state source) in the example described above.
  • the unit presence probability values (V 1 ,..., V n ) are classified in ascending order, so as to form an ordered set of values. , before being used for calculating the aggregate presence state probability.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for processing presence state information relating to a state of presence of a user on a terminal, said presence state information being provided by at least one state source associated with the device. terminal.
  • the device according to the invention comprises means for weighting the presence state information as a function of a level of relevance calculated as a function of time, so as to correct the weight of the presence state information over a time interval. determined.
  • the system comprises classification means for classifying the unit presence probability values in increasing order so as to form an ordered set of values, intended to be used by the calculation means to calculate the probability. aggregate state of presence.
  • the various steps of the updating method or of the treatment method according to the invention are determined by instructions from computer programs.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program on an information recording medium, this program being capable of being implemented in a processing device or an updating system, or more generally in a a computer, this program comprising instructions adapted to the implementation of the steps of a processing method or the updating method as described above.
  • This computer program can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in n ' any other desirable form.
  • the invention also relates to a computer-readable information recording medium, comprising instructions of a computer program as mentioned above.
  • This recording medium may be a ROM or any entity or device capable of storing the computer program, such as a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or a magnetic recording means, for example a floppy disk, a hard disk, a PROM memory, EPROM, EEPROM.
  • the recording medium may be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which may be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means.
  • the program according to the invention can be downloaded in particular on an Internet type network.
  • the recording medium may be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the method in question.
  • the present invention will now be described in the context of a presence management system for updating a state of presence of a user U having several terminals T 1 ,..., T m connected to a telecommunications network 200. , as schematically illustrated on the figure 1 .
  • the terminals T 1 ,..., T m can be taken from any of the following devices: a computer, a PDA ("Personal Digital Assistant"), a fixed or mobile telephony terminal (GSM, UMTS), or any other type of terminal capable of communicating via the network 200.
  • a computer a PDA ("Personal Digital Assistant"), a fixed or mobile telephony terminal (GSM, UMTS), or any other type of terminal capable of communicating via the network 200.
  • the presence management system of the figure 1 comprises an aggregation device 100, hereinafter referred to as an "aggregator" 100 constituted by a presence server connected to the terminals T 1 ,..., T n via the network 200.
  • the aggregator 100 is adapted to generate, for each terminal, presence state information of the user which is intended to be transmitted to an application server 1 via the network 200.
  • the network 200 generally refers to a communication network for transmitting digital data between the aggregator 100 and user terminals.
  • this network 200 may be chosen from any of the following networks: an ISDN (Digital Integrated Services Network) network, an IP packet-switched network or a cellular wireless telephone network (GSM , UMTS).
  • ISDN Digital Integrated Services Network
  • IP packet-switched IP packet-switched network
  • GSM cellular wireless telephone network
  • T be any terminal chosen from the plurality of terminals T 1 ,..., T n of the user U.
  • the aggregator 100 generates an aggregate probability of presence of the user P, from unitary presence probabilities ⁇ V i ⁇ 1 ⁇ i ⁇ n denoted V 1 , ..., V n and provided by a plurality of sources of state ⁇ S i ⁇ 1 ⁇ i ⁇ n respectively denoted S 1 , ..., S n associated with the terminal T.
  • the unitary presence state information V i is transmitted to the aggregator 100 according to the invention via the network 200 (not shown in FIG. figure 2 , but already described with reference to the figure 1 ).
  • the presence state information provided by a state source S i is supplemented by a time stamp Z i , so that the states can be ordered in time for their subsequent analysis.
  • the unit presence status information constituted by the unit presence probabilities V 1 ,..., V n provided by the respective state sources S 1 ,..., S n described hereinbelow. above are weighted by obsolescence functions.
  • an "obsolescence function” will subsequently designate a function allowing a specific weight to be assigned over time. p i to the unit presence information V i provided by each state source S i . Each weight is determined according to a time-dependent level of relevance using the obsolescence function, so as to correct the relevance of the presence information from each state source, as this information is aging.
  • each state source S i is associated an obsolescence function Q i defined over a determined time interval.
  • the appropriate choice of this obsolescence function O i is adapted to each state source S i for modeling very variable behaviors specific to this state source S i .
  • the obsolescence function is a stepwise constant function in the case of a terminal presence state on a network.
  • the network subject to a timer.
  • the probability of unit presence is constant before the expiry of the timer, then becomes zero after expiry of the timer.
  • a function of the "exponential decreasing" type can be used to model the ephemeral character of the presence of a user.
  • Those skilled in the art may also, from an approximate function, use a learning mechanism to achieve a well-adapted function, which can integrate some parameters relating to the user.
  • each obsolescence function O i may be chosen according to the nature of the information provided by the corresponding state source S i and / or according to the mode of operation of this state source.
  • the discounted weight p i is a time-dependent weight that is obtained by a time weighting function denoted by p i (t) where t is a variable denoting time.
  • p i (t) a time weighting function
  • the weight updated P i is normalized, that is to say that its value is in the interval [0, 1].
  • the discounted weight p i will be expressed as a percentage (%) ranging from 0 to 100%.
  • time weighting function p i (t) can be chosen from any of the functions described below.
  • This time-independent function makes it possible to overcome any obsolescence mechanism.
  • a function may for example apply to status information provided by a network component responsible for informing the presence of a terminal on a network. In this case, it is network presence information.
  • Such presence information remains valid over time, between two consecutive updates made by the network presence management component. For example, the presence information of a mobile terminal over a cellular network remains unchanged until the network presence management component has detected a change in the connectivity state of the terminal on the network. In this case, the obsolescence mechanism does not apply since it is network presence information and not presence information of the user himself.
  • This feature applies to a state source whose presence information provided at an initial time lose their relevance from this initial time and linearly according to their seniority.
  • the slope of the line representative of p i (t) may also be adjusted over time for a given state source, in order to model a higher or lower rate of aging over time (for example, following a event triggered by the user).
  • the slope of the line representative of p i (t) represented by the constant b can be adjusted as a function of the state source considered, in the case where the state information provided by certain state sources is made to age faster than others. Thus, in the case of rapid aging, the value of the constant b will be higher than in the case of slower aging.
  • the weighting function p i (t) is a piece-wise function comprising for example a plateau (constant zone: Z 1 ) followed by a decreasing piece (zone of decrease: Z 2 ) starting from a predetermined time noted t A.
  • This function makes it possible to denote a state information that abruptly stops being valid after a certain period of time (predetermined duration t A -t 0 ).
  • the value of t A may be adjusted to suit advantageously different state sources.
  • Such a function can be used in the case of a source for which the minimum presence time is known and / or predictable, for example, a source for detecting the presence in an elevator, the elevator path being considered constant minimum time and the user being forced to stay inside the elevator during this time.
  • the updated weight P i expressed in percentage (%) is represented on the ordinate axis, as a function of the time t expressed in seconds (s) and represented on the abscissa axis.
  • the value of the final instant t n is specific to each state source, since it depends on the obsolescence function chosen for this source.
  • the figure 4 illustrates, by way of example, the temporal evolution of the weight assigned to the unitary presence state information relating to two different state sources denoted S 1 and S 2 .
  • This information is provided by the state sources at regular time intervals ⁇ t 0 , t 0 + ⁇ , t 0 + 2 ⁇ , ..., t 0 + k ⁇ , where ⁇ represents the time interval between two operations successive updates and k denotes a natural integer.
  • Figure 4A represents the time evolution of the weight p 1 relative to the unitary presence state information V 1 provided by a first state source S 1 associated with the terminal T and the Figure 4B represents the time evolution of the weight p 2 relative to the unitary presence state information V 2 provided by a second state source S 2 associated with the same terminal T.
  • the first and second sources S 1 and S 2 provide the information V 1 and V 2 .
  • the relevance of this information is total, since they have just been transmitted by the respective state sources S 1 and S 2 .
  • the weighting of the unit presence status information reflects the fact that the relevance of this information changes over time.
  • this weighting makes it possible to improve the reliability of the presence management systems that are not able to carry out frequent updates with each state source.
  • the second state source S 2 is, for any reason, unable to provide a updating its respective V 2 information. Consequently, the weight p 2 is not reset to a value of 100% but continues to lose its value beyond t 0 + 2 ⁇ , following the linear decrease of the function P 2 (t).
  • the weighting makes it possible to improve the relevance of the information provided by modulating over time, the weight assigned to this information according to a predefined weighting function and according to update operations.
  • the weighting is advantageous especially in the case where at least one state source is incapable of updating its state information.
  • weighting method is implemented in conjunction with a data aggregation method for determining the presence state of a user.
  • the weighting method corrects the relevance of the unitary state information that is used by the aggregator 100 to determine the probability of the user's presence on each terminal.
  • the weighting method makes it possible to improve the reliability of the state of presence determined by the aggregator 100.
  • the weighting makes it possible to improve the reliability with which the aggregate presence probability P is determined by the aggregator 100 during an aggregation step, taking into account the aging of the unitary state information ⁇ V i ⁇ provided by the different state sources ⁇ S i ⁇ .
  • the weighting means 35 are included / integrated in the calculation means 30.
  • the collection means 10, the classification means 20, the calculation means 30, and the weighting means 35 of the aggregator 100 are constituted by software means implemented on a microprocessor associated with a RAM memory system and / or ROM.
  • the aggregator 100 maintains a state of user presence for each terminal, with an aggregate probability of presence.
  • the collection means 10 of the aggregator 100 are adapted to interrogate, if necessary, a state source S i , with a view to obtaining a refresh of the state of presence.
  • the aggregator 100 comprises means for keeping up to date a presence table in which are listed all the terminals of each user in association with presence information.
  • These updating means are constituted, for example, by software means implemented on a microprocessor associated with a RAM and / or ROM memory system.
  • the aggregator 100 obtains by the collection means 10, the values of unit presence state probabilities V i provided by each state source S i associated with the terminal T.
  • the quantity (V i -M i-1 ) is weighted in accordance with the invention.
  • M 2 M 1 + O 2 (V 2 -M 1 ) is calculated during a second iteration, starting from the value M 1 calculated previously during the calculation sub-step E42 (first iteration). and the unit presence probability value V 2 obtained during the collection step E0.
  • the calculation means 30 add the value M 1 to the weighted information p 2 ⁇ (V 2 -M 1 ) so as to obtain the value of M 2 .
  • calculation E42 and test E44 are repeated as long as there are elements to be processed in the ordered set E, that is to say as long as the index i remains lower than the number n.
  • the weighting means 35 affect the weight p n to the quantity (V n -M n-1 ) during the weighting step E420 so that the calculation means 30 add to this weighted quantity the value M n -1 so as to obtain M n .
  • the aggregate probability of presence P is obtained equal to M n .
  • the aggregator 100 sends in known manner the aggregated presence probability P thus calculated to the application server 1 via the network 200.
  • unit probability values are ranked in increasing order during the classification step E2 prior to the calculation step E4 since the calculation according to the above formula Eq. 1 is not a commutative operation and that by convention one seeks to maximize the probability of presence.
  • the ranking of the unit presence probabilities guarantees consistent, comparable results between them.
  • an ascending order is used which results in higher probability of presence values than in a descending order.
  • the steps of the method described above with reference to the figure 5 are executed by instructions from a computer program.
  • This program is here recorded in a read only memory 101 (ROM) of the aggregator 100 which constitutes a recording medium 101 of the computer program according to the present invention.
  • ROM read only memory
  • the weighting step is performed at the level of the aggregator 100 (by the weighting means 35), together with the calculation step E4 of the aggregate presence probability P, and more precisely during the substep of calculation E42 carried out by the calculation means 30.
  • the weighting step is performed at each state source S ji of a terminal T j provided that it is able to manage itself the function of obsolescence O ji and in particular its maintenance.
  • the weighting operation is performed by a weighting module 5 implemented in each terminal T j in order to weight the presence state information V ji supplied at the output of each associated state source S ji to this terminal T j as illustrated on the figure 6 .
  • the weighting module 5 is for example constituted by software and / or hardware means implemented by a microprocessor associated with a RAM and / or ROM memory system of the terminal.
  • the weighting module 5 of the terminal T j corrects the value of the unit presence probabilities V ji obtained from each state source S ji during a collection step E10.
  • the weighted or corrected presence probabilities denoted W j1 , W j2 ,..., W jn are stored during a step E30 before being transmitted to a user application.
  • the updated weight p ji is obtained by a weighting function p ji (t) which is chosen in adequacy with the state source S ji .
  • a parallelization of the weighting operation can be implemented.
  • a plurality of weighting submodules 51, 52,..., 5n, will be arranged in parallel inside the weighting module 5, as shown in FIG. figure 6 .
  • Each of these terminals is associated with a plurality of state sources as described below.
  • the network presence supervision is provided by the operator network. This generates a presence state indication when the mobile terminal T 2 registers with the network (with the identity of the user) or on the contrary when the mobile terminal T 2 is de-registering.
  • the inertial central type supervisor S 22 embedded in the mobile terminal T 2 generates an update event upon detecting a movement of the mobile terminal T 2 .
  • the inertial unit implements a hysteresis mechanism to limit the amount of updates over time.
  • the network roaming supervisor S 21 generates an update event upon detection of a state change related to the connectivity of the mobile terminal T 2 .
  • a state change is detected when the mobile terminal T 2 changes cells in the cellular network or when it arrives in range WiFi ® and connects to a WiFi ® network.
  • the explicit declaration module S 33 of the user presence provides a graphical interface that allows the user U to specify his presence state.
  • This module also integrates an asynchronous request function that periodically polls the user to ask him to declare his current present state.
  • the ergonomics of the graphical user interface is such that it allows updating the state of presence as simple and fast as possible and that is the least disturbing possible for the user.
  • the user is asked about his state of presence through the process implemented by the explicit declaration module, without the user having to worry about maintaining his presence status over time. .
  • the activity supervisor S 32 of the user periodically generates a presence state, as long as a user activity is detected on the computer T 3 . As soon as the activity stops, it updates with a zero probability, then stops sending the update messages.
  • the supervisor S 31 associated with the webcam likewise generates a periodic state of presence as long as a human form is recognized in front of the screen of the computer T 3. Moreover, it modulates the probability of presence V 31 according to the result. provided by the visual recognition process (confidence rate in the recognition of the face or human form).
  • Eq.3 corresponds to the recursion formula previously described Eq.1 to which an additional index j has been added to designate the different terminals.
  • j is a natural number such that 1 ⁇ j ⁇ 3.
  • the obsolescence functions are implemented autonomously on a presence state information processing device relating to a presence state of a user.
  • the processing device according to the invention consists of a terminal of the user comprising weighting means already described.
  • such a processing device is constituted by a microprocessor associated with a ROM and / or RAM memory system connected to the Internet network by means of a network interface.
  • This microprocessor runs a software application that makes it possible to collect (means of collection) the presence state information provided by the various state sources associated with the terminal.
  • software application comprises software means (weighting means) for weighting said presence state information as a function of a time-dependent level of relevance, so as to correct the weight of the presence state information over an interval determined in accordance with the present invention.
  • Table 2 presents the result of the weighting step of the raw unit presence probabilities V ji obtained by the various state sources S ji of a given terminal T j .
  • the discounted weights P ji are obtained from a decreasing linear function p ji (t) as a function of time, so that at a particular moment, the weights associated with the information provided by the different sources are as indicated in FIG. column "Weighting (p ji ) by source” in Table 1 above.
  • the aggregated states of presence for the three terminals T 1 , T 2 , T 3 are considered insufficiently reliable because of the relatively long seniority times (8600, 3600 seconds), indicating that certain sources of state have not recently updated their presence status information.
  • the aggregator 100 obtains by the collection means 10, in response to the interrogations addressed to these state sources S 11 , S 22 , S 21 , S 33 , S 32 , S 31 , new unit presence probabilities V 11 , V 22 , V 21 , V 33 , V 32 , V 31 , provided by the respective different state sources.
  • the aggregator 100 updates its time table describing the current state at a later time as described in Table 3 below.
  • the aggregator 100 calculates according to the invention the aggregated presence P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , for each terminal T 1 , T 2 , T 3 respectively. Following this calculation step, the current state stored in the attendance table of the aggregator 100 is as described in Table 4 below. ⁇ b> Table 4.
  • the user U is probably in front of the computer T 3 but previously occupied a task that does not generate activity on the peripherals (viewing a document for example).
  • the explicit query module had the effect of triggering the activity detector, which is beneficial to the desired result.
  • Its mobile terminal T 2 is probably in range, since it has moved a few tens of seconds before. However, during the interrogation, the inertial unit replied in the negative. As a result, the mobile terminal T 2 can not be considered reliably, and therefore it is not taken into account in the aggregated state of presence.
EP08156736A 2007-05-24 2008-05-22 System und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von Informationen über den Präsenzzustand mit verbesserter Zuverlässigkeit Not-in-force EP1995932B1 (de)

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EP1995932B1 (de) 2010-04-28
ES2344285T3 (es) 2010-08-23

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