EP1990598B1 - Method for producing a sandwich structure for use as armour against ballistic missiles, in particular hollow charges - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a sandwich structure for use as armor against ballistic projectiles, in particular shaped charges, in which metallic plates or sheets are subjected to a surface treatment and then bonded together by gluing or vulcanization.

From the DE 26 56 470 A process for the production of protective helmets is known in which three steel sheets pressed in Hetmform are glued together and the middle steel is hardened before bonding in a nitriding process.

It is known to use against threats, in particular against hollow charge warheads, passive, reactive and active protection technologies. When using passive protection technologies mostly Beulblech arrangements are built. For this purpose, several, thin, unbreakable metallic plates or sheets are usually connected to each other by gluing or vulcanization.

For treating the plates or sheets prior to bonding together, mechanical surface treatment methods are generally employed which either serve to facilitate or enhance the formation of intermolecular forces. In addition to these pretreatments, adhesion promoters, so-called primers, are then applied to the adherend surface, which serve as a "chemical bridge". These treatments must be performed as short a time as possible to avoid re-deactivation of the surface. Of course, this has a significant disadvantage, since it requires an uninterrupted process without intermediate storage of the parts to be joined, which entails a high use of machines and systems and quickly becomes uneconomical.

Another major disadvantage of mechanical pretreatment processes, such as sand blasting or sanding, is that a weakening of the component can be caused by incorrect process control (eg too high pressure, too short distance from the blasting material). In other words, material is ideally removed, so the sheet becomes thinner. In addition, the sheet loses the surface tension and can become wavy very easily. A possible consequence of this is a shortened and / or reduced fatigue strength and fatigue strength of the protective component. This results in a significantly reduced ballistic performance of the protective plates, since the high back pressure during penetration of the shaped charge spike plastically deforms the metal plates and break earlier or tear because of the weakening due to the mechanical pretreatment. As a result, the shaped charge spike is subject to a shorter "disruption time", it is not so heavily particulated that the penetration performance is hardly attenuated.

The invention has for its object to provide a method for producing a sandwich structure for use as armor against ballistic projectiles, in particular shaped charges with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that on the Fügeteilen, ie the plates or sheets, Surface conditions are generated, which provide the conditions for optimal adhesion properties of the adhesive or vulcanization over a longer period of time. It is thus an improvement in the bondability and aging resistance can be achieved, as well as a preservation of the pretreated surfaces, a protection in the adhesive joint before the diffusion of liquids and corrosion protection of the adherend surface.

The solution of this object is achieved according to the invention with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention are in the dependent Claims described. A sandwich structure produced by the process according to the invention is the subject of claim 12 and particularly advantageous applications of this sandwich structure are described in claims 13 and 14.

A basic idea of the invention is the use of a chemical surface pretreatment method for the plates or sheets to be joined, in which the adherend surface is not adversely affected and thus the ballistic protective effect is fully retained.

• kein Materialverzug durch frei werdende Materialspannungen (Welligkeit),
• höhere Maßgenauigkeit für die Montage,
• Verbesserung der Klebbarkeit und Alterungsbeständigkeit,
• Konservierung vorbehandelter Oberflächen,
• Schutz in der Klebefuge vor dem Eindiffundieren von Feuchtigkeit,
• Korrosionsschutz der Fügeteiloberfläche,
• kein kontinuierlicher Fertigungsprozeß erforderlich,
• Möglichkeit der zeitlich unbegrenzten Lagerhaltung beziehungsweise der Materialbevorratung,
• wirtschaftlichere Fertigung,
• kein abrasiver Materialabtrag beziehungsweise Bauteilschwächung,
• keine Verringerung der ballistischen Schutzwirkung,
• Einsatzfähigkeit des Schutzes unter extremen Klimabedingungen.

Due to the invention, the following further advantages result:

• no material distortion due to released material tensions (waviness),
• higher dimensional accuracy for the assembly,
• Improvement of the bondability and aging resistance,
• Preservation of pretreated surfaces,
• Protection in the glue joint against the ingress of moisture,
• Corrosion protection of the adherend surface,
• no continuous manufacturing process required
• Possibility of unlimited storage or stockpiling
• more economical production,
• no abrasive material removal or component weakening,
• no reduction of the ballistic protective effect,
• Usability of the protection under extreme climatic conditions.

It has proved to be particularly advantageous if, before the KTL coating (cataphoretic dip coating) carried out as a surface treatment, a zinc phosphating is carried out on the surface to be treated.

The plates or sheets may advantageously be subjected to surface treatment prior to surface treatment, for example by use of a low pressure plasma or corona. They may also be subjected to a surface treatment before physical-chemical surface treatment, for example by ion etching or flaming.

It has furthermore proved to be advantageous if the plates or sheets are subjected to a mechanical surface pretreatment, for example for weld preparations, at least in partial areas of their surfaces prior to the surface treatment. In order to increase the corrosion protection, the plates or sheets can additionally be galvanized or powder-coated.

Furthermore, the plates or sheets can be subjected to a surface treatment with a primer or adhesion promoter or else an elastomeric binder.

Surface pretreatment and / or surface treatment and / or surface finishing on the panels or panels may be unilateral or bilateral.
Furthermore, it is possible to perform the surface pretreatment and / or the surface treatment and / or the surface post-treatment only in partial areas of the surfaces of the plates or sheets.

The plates subjected to the surface treatment or surface pretreatments and / or surface aftertreatments described above are then joined together by gluing or vulcanization to form a sandwich structure which can be used both for protection against shaped charges and, more generally, for protective components in passive, reactive and active protection It can also be used to protect against kinetic energy (kinetic energy) bullets and also for protection against ETC projectiles (electrothermal cannon).
It has been found to be particularly advantageous that a sandwich structure composed of plates which have been subjected to a surface treatment according to the inventive method, a better protection against shaped charges, as a sandwich structure in which the plates in the are treated in the usual way. This will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment.

The method according to the invention and the method according to the invention will be described below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment treated plates and a sandwich structure constructed from these plates.

Fig. 1

in einem stark vergrößerten Teilschnitt eine einer Oberflächenbehandlung unterworfene Metallplatte;

Fig. 2 A

in schematisierter Schnittdarstellung den Zustand einer Sandwich-Struktur aus Platten, die nach dem Stand der Technik vorbehandelt sind, beim Auftreffen einer Hohlladung;

Fig. 2 B

in einer Darstellung analog Fig. 2A den Zustand einer Sandwich-Struktur, deren Platten nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelt sind, beim Auftreffen einer Hohlladung;

Fig. 3 A

in einer stark schematisierten Schnittdarstellung ein aus mehreren Sandwich-Strukturen nach Fig. 2A aufgebautes Panzerungselement beim Auftreffen einer Hohlladung;

Fig. 3 B

in einer Darstellung analog Fig. 3A ein aus mehreren Sandwich-Strukturen gem. Fig. 2B aufgebautes Panzerungselement beim Auftreffen einer Hohlladung.

In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

in a greatly enlarged partial section a surface treated metal plate;

Fig. 2 A

in a schematic sectional view of the state of a sandwich structure of plates, which are pretreated according to the prior art, upon impact of a shaped charge;

Fig. 2 B

in a representation analog Fig. 2A the state of a sandwich structure whose plates are treated by the method according to the invention, upon impact of a shaped charge;

Fig. 3 A

in a highly schematic sectional view one of several sandwich structures Fig. 2A constructed armor element upon impact of a shaped charge;

Fig. 3B

in a representation analog Fig. 3A one of several sandwich structures gem. Fig. 2B constructed armor element upon impact of a shaped charge.

Fig. 1 shows in a greatly enlarged sectional view of a metallic plate, or a sheet 1, which is provided on its two surfaces in the usual way with a KTL coating 3, or 3 '. Before applying this coating was the sheet 1 with a Zinkphosphatierung 2, or 2 'provided.

The sheet 1 may in principle have a thickness between 0.1 mm and 100 mm, while the thickness of the coating 3, or 3 ', in each case between 1 .mu.m and 120 .mu.m.

The FIGS. 2A and 2B show in a highly schematic representation of the state of a sandwich structure at or shortly after the impingement of a hollow charge whose direction of flight is denoted by S. The sandwich structure after Fig. 2A consists of a first metal plate 4 and a second metal plate 6, which, before being bonded together by gluing or vulcanization, were subjected to a conventional pretreatment. The adhesive or vulcanization layer is denoted by 5. Upon impact of the shaped charge, the sandwich structure is penetrated and the two plates 4 and 6 separate in the impact area from each other and from the adhesive or vulcanization layer 5 from. These processes remove some of the energy from the particle beam.

Fig. 2B shows a sandwich structure, which is also made up of two metal plates or sheets 4 'and 6', previously the basis of Fig. 1 were subjected to pre-treatment described and then connected to each other by means of the plastic or rubber layer 5 'with each other.

Experiments and corresponding photographic images have shown that in this case on the one hand the plates 4 'and 6' slightly delayed stand out from each other, the intermediate layer 5 ', however, peels off faster and parts of the material 5.1' of the intermediate layer 5 'are flushed into the particle beam of the shaped charge , This leads to a significantly greater disturbance of this particle beam and thus to an increased effectiveness of the sandwich structure.

The difference in the disturbance of the particle beam of a shaped charge as a function of the pretreatment of the metal plates of the sandwich structure is from the Fig. 3A and 3B to recognize that show in a highly schematic representation of the impact and the passage of the particle beam of a hollow charge through a built up of several sandwich structures armor element. The figures show the fundamental course of the passage of the particle beam obtained from photographic images.

The armor element 7 after Fig. 3A is constructed of sandwich structures 8, which are arranged at predetermined intervals from each other and are composed of metal plates 4 and 6, as they are based on Fig. 2A have been described, which have been subjected to a conventional pretreatment.

The armor element 7 'after Fig. 3B consists of several arranged at predetermined intervals sandwich structures 8 ', which are composed of metal plates 4' and 6 'and, as with reference to Fig. 2B portrayed the basis of Fig. 1 have been subjected to described pretreatment.

It can be seen that the particle jet 9 penetrates a hollow charge impinging from the direction of flight S significantly deeper into the armor element 7 than is the case with the particle jet 9 'of the armor element 7' impinging on the armor element S.

Thus, it has been found that the advantages of simplified manufacture and favorable storage properties are improved ballistic effectiveness of the sandwich structure when the plates are subjected to the pre-treatment mentioned above prior to bonding or vulcanization.

Claims (14)

1. Method for producing a sandwich structure for use as armour against ballistic projectiles, in particular hollow charges, in which metallic plates or sheets are subjected to a surface treatment and subsequently connected to each other by gluing or vulcanising, characterised in that a cataphoretic dip paint coating is carried out as surface treatment.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that zinc phosphating is carried out prior to the cataphoretic dip paint coating.
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the plates or sheets are subjected to a physical surface pre-treatment prior to the surface treatment.
4. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the plates or sheets are subjected to a physical-chemical surface pre-treatment prior to the surface treatment.
5. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the plates or sheets are subjected to a mechanical surface pre-treatment at least in sections of their surfaces prior to the surface treatment.
6. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the plates or sheets are also galvanised.
7. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the plates or sheets are also powder coated.
8. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the plates or sheets are subjected to a surface post-treatment with a primer or bonding agent.
9. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the plates or sheets are subjected to a surface post-treatment with an elastomer binder.
10. Method according to any one of Claims I to 9, characterised in that the surface pre-treatment and/or the surface treatment and/or the surface post-treatment are carried out on both sides of the plates or sheets.
11. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the surface treatment and/or the surface pre-treatment and/or the surface post-treatment are carried out only in sections of the surface of the plates or sheets.
12. Sandwich structure for use as armour against ballistic projectiles, in particular hollow charges, consisting of metallic plates or sheets (1, 1'), which are connected to each other by gluing or vulcanising, characterised in that the plates or sheets (1, 1') have been subjected to a surface treatment according to any one of Claims 1 to 11 prior to gluing or vulcanising.
13. Sandwich structure according to Claim 12, characterised in that it is used to protect against kinetic energy projectiles.
14. Sandwich structure according to Claim 12, characterised in that it is used to protect against projectiles from electrothermal guns.

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