EP1985377B1 - Lackiertes Werkstück aus Plastik und Lackierverfahren für dieses Werkstück - Google Patents

Lackiertes Werkstück aus Plastik und Lackierverfahren für dieses Werkstück Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1985377B1
EP1985377B1 EP08153959A EP08153959A EP1985377B1 EP 1985377 B1 EP1985377 B1 EP 1985377B1 EP 08153959 A EP08153959 A EP 08153959A EP 08153959 A EP08153959 A EP 08153959A EP 1985377 B1 EP1985377 B1 EP 1985377B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
lacquer
primer
coat
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08153959A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1985377A1 (de
Inventor
Patrick Scholz
François Troussey
Holger Burkhardt
Denis Houlon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Plastic Omnium Composites SA
Original Assignee
Inoplast SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inoplast SA filed Critical Inoplast SA
Publication of EP1985377A1 publication Critical patent/EP1985377A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1985377B1 publication Critical patent/EP1985377B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/56—Three layers or more
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/005—Repairing damaged coatings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the painting of plastic parts.
  • plastic parts reinforced with fibers for example in SMC, BMC, AMC material coated or not with IMC, respectively acronyms for the English expressions "Sheet Molding Compound”, “ Bulk Molding Compound “,” Advanced Molding Compound “and” InMold Coating ".
  • This primer has the function of regularizing the surface of the part which generally comprises surface porosities, in the form of holes whose general dimensions vary from a few microns up to the millimeter.
  • the primer allows on the one hand to fill these porosities and on the other hand, to create a layer of adhesion for the next layer, for example a layer of paint.
  • This layer of paint is, for example, composed of one or more layers comprising a base and a varnish.
  • the document DE10156477 teaches application of a primer layer to a plastic part, a coating of defect lacquer, a layer of adhesion primer, and a final coat of paint.
  • the invention aims to reduce the rate of parts to resume.
  • lacquer in the sense of the skilled person, that is to say in the sense of a chemical composition intended initially to be used as a topcoat, with or without pigments, these pigments being intended to form a visible outer shade of the room.
  • a lacquer has a high gloss unlike a primer that is generally dull.
  • a primer generally has a low surface tension and forms a ductile layer.
  • a lacquer has a higher surface tension and forms a film.
  • a primer generally forms a porous layer while a lacquer forms a substantially watertight film.
  • primary will be understood to mean a chemical composition intended in particular to form a layer of porosity filling, of adhesion for the next layer and which does not form a visible outer layer of the part.
  • the gloss, surface tension and sealing properties of the lacquer make it possible to detect microporosity filling defects.
  • filling one will understand the capacity of a layer to fill a microporosity, but also its capacity to cover it without necessarily filling it. Indeed, it is surprising to see that the shiny and taut appearance of the lacquer layer discriminates between areas without defects and areas with defects. Thus, the defect areas have a different brightness and tension than the areas without defects, which reveals the microporosity imperfectly filled by the primer layer.
  • Lacquer revealing any microporosity imperfectly filled by the primer, it can detect a lack of filling microporosities before the application of the paint layer. It is then possible to remedy the nonconformity of the part. The rate of non-compliant parts is then reduced by detecting them before the application of the paint layer.
  • the method according to the invention also makes it possible to reduce the cost generated by the use of paint, in particular by the use of colored pigments, on parts which, in the state of the art, it would have detected non-compliant only after application of the paint.
  • Another advantage of the process according to the invention is that the application of the revealatory lacquer makes it possible to fill in some of the microporosities imperfectly filled by the primer.
  • the lacquer has microporosity filling properties, which makes it unnecessary, in some cases, repair microporosity imperfectly filled by the primer.
  • Such a method is also advantageous because the coating layer has good adhesion properties so that the paint layer can be applied directly to the coating layer of revelation without the need to apply a layer of paint.
  • intermediate primer which would be essential for the adhesion of the paint layer.
  • the paint layer has an excellent tension. It will be understood by "stretched" the ability of the paint to spread over the layer of revelation lacquer so as to form a homogeneous surface.
  • the paint layer gives the final appearance of the piece, including its color and / or gloss.
  • the layer of revelation lacquer has a quadruple function. Firstly, the revelation lacquer layer makes it possible to detect the microporosities imperfectly filled by the primer layer. Then, the layer of revelation lacquer, by its microporosity filling properties allows, in some cases, to avoid a recovery of the room. In addition, the coating layer of revelation, because of its adhesion properties, forms a satisfactory adhesion layer so that one directly applies the paint layer on the lacquer layer. Finally, thanks to its high surface tension, the revelation lacquer layer allows a better tension of the paint layer than the tension allowed by the primer layer.
  • the area comprising the defect is repaired, for example by filling this offending zone.
  • Another advantage of such a method is that it makes it possible to carry out two applications of the primer and the revealing lacquer in the same manufacturing facility, the primer and the revelation lacquer being able to be the same at the first time. and the second applications.
  • the revelation lacquer layer is coated with the layer of paint by coating the revelation lacquer layer with either a layer of an appearance lacquer or a base appearance layer and then a coating layer of varnish.
  • an "appearance lacquer layer” will be understood to mean a layer intended to be seen by an observer of the room. On a body part, such a layer of appearance lacquer is usually called “your body”.
  • the layers of basic appearance and varnish also form a so-called "tone box” layer but generally give the painted part a final appearance aesthetically more advantageous than that conferred by the appearance of the lacquer, especially in terms of color, gloss and depth.
  • the primer layer is coated with the defect-clearing lacquer layer after a step of desolvating the primer layer and prior to curing the primer layer.
  • solvent step will be understood to mean a step during which solvent evaporation is carried out and, possibly, partial hardening of the primer layer.
  • This desolvation step is then sufficient to allow the application of the defect coating layer to the uncured primer layer.
  • the so-called "wet wet” defect lacquer layer is then applied, which refers to the fact that the non-fully cured primer layer is directly coated with the developer lacquer layer. .
  • This embodiment makes it possible to avoid completely hardening the primer layer before applying the revelation lacquer layer. It also makes it possible to simultaneously harden the layers of primer and revealing lacquer during a single step of cooking the piece to be painted.
  • the uncoated primer layer and the developer lacquer layer are simultaneously cured at a first curing temperature and the workpiece is heated to a second temperature to cure the paint layer, the second temperature being generally greater than the first temperature.
  • the primer is cured and then the lacquer layer is cured and then the paint layer is cured.
  • the brightness of the hardened coating layer is between 50 and 90 gloss units, or even between 50 and 70 gloss units and preferably between 55 and 65 gloss units.
  • Such gloss is advantageous for revealing microporosity filling defects.
  • too low gloss will not easily discriminate areas of defects and areas with no defects.
  • too high gloss will reveal other surface irregularities that will not easily discriminate microporosity filling defects.
  • the revealatory lacquer is of the polyurethane type.
  • Such a lacquer is easy to implement and cheap.
  • the compound (A) is, for example, chosen from the group comprising polyols, polyamines, ureas, polyamides, polyesterols, polyetherols, their salts or their mixtures.
  • the compound (A) comprises trialkyls and / or triamines.
  • Such compounds (A) generally make it possible to obtain a thermosetting polyurethane lacquer.
  • the compound (B) is chosen from aliphatic polyisocyanates so that the polyurethane lacquer is a copolymer of one or more aliphatic polyisocyanates.
  • Additives (C) include, for example, glycols, aminoalcohols, aromatic amines or even carboxylic acids.
  • the thickness of the coating layer of revelation is between 15 and 35 microns, or even 15 and 30 microns and preferably between 20 and 30 microns.
  • the layer of revelation lacquer allowing the direct application of the paint layer on itself, it is possible to use a smaller amount of primer so that a thickness of the bilayer primer and lacquer revelation according to the invention is substantially equal to a thickness of a primer layer applied according to a method of the state of the art.
  • the paint layer gives the final appearance of the piece, including its color and / or gloss.
  • the part comprises a plastic material reinforced with fibers, for example SMC, BMC, AMC coated or not with IMC.
  • a molded sheet generally has a high rigidity but also a rough surface comprising many microporosities.
  • the coating layer of revelation is therefore particularly suitable and advantageous in the case of the detection of microporosity filling defects of such a part.
  • the painted part 10 is made of a plastic material M reinforced with fibers, for example SMC coated with IMC. This material may in particular be obtained by crosslinking a thermosetting resin filled with glass fibers, for example a resin comprising an unsaturated polyester.
  • Part 10 is, for example, an automobile bodywork part such as a hood, a front grille, a roof or a bumper.
  • the part 10 comprises a porosity 12 present on a surface 14 of the part 10.
  • the average overall size of the porosity varies from a few microns to a millimeter. In the example shown on the Figures 1 to 6 porosity 12 has an average overall size of about 50 microns.
  • the part 10 comprises a layer 16 of a primer coating the surface 14 of the part 10.
  • the part also comprises a layer 18 of a defect-revealing lacquer coating the primer layer 16.
  • the part 10 also comprises a layer of paint 19 coating the layer of lacquer 18 of revelation.
  • the primer used is of the polyurethane type.
  • the primer is applied to the surface 14 in the form of a composition comprising a base, a hardener and a diluent.
  • This composition comprises about 10 mass units of the hardener, 10 to 20 mass units of the diluent per 100 mass units of the base.
  • the base comprises a resin, fillers, pigments of the additives and solvents respectively in proportions varying between 30 and 35%, 25 and 30%, 10 and 15%, 2 and 5%, 25 and 30%.
  • the hardener is, for example, an aliphatic polyisocyanate.
  • the lacquer used is of the polyurethane type.
  • the lacquer is applied to the primed surface in the form of a composition comprising a base, a hardener and a diluent.
  • This composition comprises about 22 hardener mass units, 16 mass units of the diluent per 100 mass units of the base.
  • the base comprises a resin, fillers, pigments, additives and solvents respectively in proportions varying between 45 and 50%, 0 and 5%, 25 and 30%, 2 and 5%, 20 and 25%.
  • the hardener is, for example, a mixture of one or more aliphatic polyisocyanates so that once cured, the lacquer forms a copolymer of one or more aliphatic polyisocyanates.
  • the primer and lacquer have beige and gray-white satin shades respectively.
  • the surface 14 of the primer layer 16 is coated as shown in FIG. figure 4 .
  • the hardening of the primer layer 16 is caused, for example, by heating the workpiece.
  • microporosity 12 is neither filled with the primer nor covered by the primer 16 coating the surface 14.
  • the microporosity 12 contains no solvent, the solvents of the composition intended to form the primer being evaporated during the curing of the primer layer 16 under the effect of temperature.
  • the primer layer 16 After having coated the surface 14 of the primer layer 16, the primer layer 16 is coated with the lacquer layer 18, as shown in FIGS. figures 3 and 5 .
  • the lacquer layer 18 covers the microporosity 12, while on the figure 5 the lacquer layer 18 does not cover the microporosity 12.
  • This layer of lacquer 18 is applied so that the thickness of this layer 18 is between 15 and 35 microns.
  • the thickness may also be between 15 and 30 microns and preferably between 20 and 30 microns.
  • the primer 16 and lacquer 18 are applied using automated painting means, such as a robotic arm equipped with a paint sprayer.
  • the part is heated so as to cause the hardening of the lacquer layer 18.
  • the lacquer layer 18 is inspected.
  • the detection is carried out with the human eye. It is also possible to use automated detection means such as, for example, an automaton sweeping the lacquer layer 18 of the part 10.
  • This automaton is, in particular, provided with means for measuring the gloss of the lacquered surface, for example a glossmeter.
  • the brightness measured on the hardened lacquer layer 18 is then between 50 and 90 gloss units.
  • This gloss may optionally be between 50 and 70 gloss units and preferably between 55 and 65 gloss units. In the example, the brightness is measured at an angle of 20 degrees.
  • This detection is made possible by the lacquer layer 18 which makes it possible to discriminate a zone 24 of the lacquer layer 18, located at the right of the imperfectly filled microporosity 12, with respect to another zone 26 of the lacquer layer 18 which does not exhibit no microporosity to his right, as shown on the figure 5 .
  • the reflection of an incident ray 28 on the zone 24 generates a reflected ray 30 of a different nature from that of a reflected ray 32 generated by the reflection of an incident ray 34 on the zone 26.
  • the zone 24 comprising the microporosity 12 is repaired.
  • the layers 16 and 18 are removed using conventional means, for example using a sander.
  • the defect is correctly filled with a conventional composition, for example a coating or a putty E.
  • Areas 24 and 26 are then coated with a second primer layer 36.
  • this second primer layer 36 is coated with a second layer of revelation lacquer 38 to ensure that the microporosity has been removed. correctly filled with the coating E.
  • the lacquer layer 38 is coated with the paint layer 19 giving the part 10 its final appearance, in particular its final color.
  • This paint layer 19 comprises, in the example described, a lacquer appearance.
  • the lacquer layer 38 is coated with a base appearance layer, followed by a lacquer coating layer. This bilayer then forms the layer of paint 19.
  • thermosetting paint In the case of a thermosetting paint, the part is then heated to harden the paint.
  • the primer layer 16 is coated with the defect-proofing lacquer layer 18 after a step of desolvating the primer layer 16 and prior to the hardening of the primer layer 16.
  • the solvents of the primer layer 16 are evaporated during the stage of desolvation. In this step, it causes only a partial hardening of the primer layer 16, unlike the previous embodiment where it cures the entire primer layer.
  • the primer coat 16 is coated with the lacquer layer 18.
  • the uncoated primer layer 16 and the developer coating layer 18 are simultaneously cured at a first cure temperature T 1 .
  • the piece 10 After application of the paint layer 19 to coat the layer of revelation lacquer 18, the piece 10 is heated to a second temperature T 2 to harden the paint layer 19. This second temperature T 2 is then generally greater than the first temperature T 1 .
  • this second embodiment also applies to the second layers of primer and lacquer in the case of detecting a possible defect, after the application of the first layers of primer and lacquer, and where the area containing the defect must be repaired.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to detect defects in the cases where the manufacturing method of the part generates a large number of porosities.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly relevant in the case where the part is manufactured at low temperature and low pressure.
  • the surface 14 of the plastic part 10 may have undergone various prior chemical or physicochemical surface treatments prior to the application of the primer layer 16.
  • the invention may also be applied to a BMC-type part of the English wording "Bulk Molding Compound” or any other type of plastic part, reinforced or not by fibers.
  • the lacquer layer 18 can penetrate the microporosity 12 and thus fill it.
  • primer used may not be thermosetting. This type of non-thermosetting primer will be used, in particular, for preparing thermoplastic material parts.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Lackieren eines Teils (10) aus Kunststoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in diesem Verfahren:
    - eine Fläche (14) des Teils mit einer Schicht einer Grundierung (16) beschichtet wird;
    - die Grundierungsschicht (16) unmittelbar mit einer Schicht eines Lackes zur Sichtbarmachung von Fehlern (18) beschichtet wird;
    - die Lackschicht (18) zur Sichtbarmachung von Fehlern inspiziert wird, um dort eventuelle Fehler festzustellen;
    - falls keine Fehler festgestellt werden, die Lackschicht (18) zur Sichtbarmachung von Fehlern unmittelbar mit einer Anstrichschicht (19) beschichtet wird, die dem Teil (10) sein endgültiges Aussehen verleiht.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei, falls ein Fehler festgestellt wird:
    - ein Bereich (24), der den Fehler aufweist, ausgebessert wird;
    - der Bereich (24), der den Fehler aufweist, mit einer zweiten Grundierungsschicht (36) beschichtet wird und anschließend die zweite Grundierungsschicht (36) unmittelbar mit einer zweiten Schicht des Lackes zur Sichtbarmachung von Fehlern (38) beschichtet wird;
    - die zweite Lackschicht (38) zur Sichtbarmachung von Fehlern unmittelbar mit der Anstrichschicht (19) beschichtet wird, die dem Teil (10) sein endgültiges Aussehen verleiht.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Lackschicht zur Sichtbarmachung (18, 38) unmittelbar mit der Anstrichschicht (19) beschichtet wird, indem die Lackschicht zur Sichtbarmachung (18, 38) entweder unmittelbar mit einer Schicht eines das Aussehen bestimmenden Lackes ("Aspektlack") beschichtet wird, oder unmittelbar mit einer Grund-Aussehensschicht und anschließend mit einer Klarlack- Aussehensschicht.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Grundierungsschicht (16, 36) mit der Lackschicht zur Sichtbarmachung von Fehlern (18, 38) nach einem Schritt der Desolvatisierung der Grundierungsschicht (16, 36) und vor der Härtung der Grundierungsschicht (16, 36) beschichtet wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei die desolvatisierte Grundierungsschicht (16, 36) und die Lackschicht zur Sichtbarmachung (18, 38) bei einer ersten Härtetemperatur (T1) gehärtet werden und das Teil (10) auf eine zweite Temperatur (T2) erwärmt wird, um die Anstrichschicht (19) zu härten, wobei die zweite Temperatur (T2) im Allgemeinen höher als die erste Temperatur (T1) ist.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Grundierungsschicht (16, 36) gehärtet wird, anschließend die Lackschicht (18, 38) gehärtet wird und anschließend die Anstrichschicht (19) gehärtet wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Glanz der gehärteten Lackschicht (18, 38) zwischen 50 und 90 Glanzeinheiten, noch besser zwischen 50 und 70 Glanzeinheiten und vorzugsweise zwischen 55 und 65 Glanzeinheiten liegt.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Lack zur Sichtbarmachung vom Typ eines Polyurethanlackes ist.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Polyurethanlack ein Copolymer eines oder mehrerer aliphatischer Polyisocyanate ist.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Dicke der Schicht des Lackes zur Sichtbarmachung zwischen 15 und 35 Mikrometern, besser zwischen 15 und 30 Mikrometern und vorzugsweise zwischen 20 und 30 Mikrometern liegt.
  11. Lackiertes Teil (10) aus Kunststoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es aufweist:
    - eine Grundierungsschicht (16, 36), die eine Fläche (14) des Teils (10) bedeckt;
    - eine Schicht eines Lackes zur Sichtbarmachung von Fehlern (18, 38), welche unmittelbar die Grundierungsschicht (16, 36) bedeckt;
    - eine Anstrichschicht (19), welche unmittelbar die Lackschicht (18, 38) zur Sichtbarmachung von Fehlern bedeckt.
  12. Teil (10) nach Anspruch 11, wobei das Teil (10) einen Kunststoff aufweist, der mit Fasern verstärkt ist, zum Beispiel von SMC, BMC, AMC, die mit IMC beschichtet sind oder nicht.
EP08153959A 2007-04-04 2008-04-02 Lackiertes Werkstück aus Plastik und Lackierverfahren für dieses Werkstück Not-in-force EP1985377B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0754284A FR2914568B1 (fr) 2007-04-04 2007-04-04 Piece peinte en matiere plastique et procede pour peindre une telle piece

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1985377A1 EP1985377A1 (de) 2008-10-29
EP1985377B1 true EP1985377B1 (de) 2012-01-04

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EP08153959A Not-in-force EP1985377B1 (de) 2007-04-04 2008-04-02 Lackiertes Werkstück aus Plastik und Lackierverfahren für dieses Werkstück

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EP (1) EP1985377B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE539822T1 (de)
FR (1) FR2914568B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101508226B (zh) * 2009-03-30 2012-05-30 芜湖铁画研究会 一种彩色铁画的制作工艺
EP3740521B1 (de) * 2018-01-18 2021-09-22 BASF Coatings GmbH Verfahren zum beschichten von faserverbundplatten bei niedrigen einbrenntemperaturen
CN112871608A (zh) * 2021-01-05 2021-06-01 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 碳纤维复合材料涂层的制备方法和碳纤维复合器件
CN114964098A (zh) * 2022-06-02 2022-08-30 河北维迪自动化技术有限公司 导轨缺陷检测以及修复方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2668083B2 (ja) * 1988-09-05 1997-10-27 関西ペイント株式会社 自動車用塗料組成物
US5721011A (en) * 1995-10-13 1998-02-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Guide coat detect surface defects and method of sanding therewith
DE10156477A1 (de) * 2001-11-16 2003-05-28 Klett & Schuerhoff Graesolin L Vorlack zum Auftragen auf Kunststoffteile

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ATE539822T1 (de) 2012-01-15
FR2914568B1 (fr) 2009-07-10
EP1985377A1 (de) 2008-10-29
FR2914568A1 (fr) 2008-10-10

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