Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
  • C10M159/12—Reaction products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
  • C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
  • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/74—Noack Volatility

Definitions

• Lubricants that can maintain their structure under extremes of temperature are useful and essential in many commercial, domestic, and industrial applications. Such applications include, but are not limited to, fiberglass production, wood laminating, wood pressing, paint curing, textile production, and food baking. Lubricants can also be used in aerospace applications in which fluids are exposed to temperatures typically exceeding 200 0 C. Such high temperature lubrication fluids must also provide sufficient lubrication of metal surfaces to prevent wear, reduce friction, reduce energy consumption, and more importantly, prevent failure of mechanical systems.
• Lubricants that are used at high temperatures must also be resistant to thermal and/or oxidative breakdown and polymerization.
• Thermal and/or oxidative breakdown leads to the scission of lubricant molecules, which in turn, leads to the formation of lower molecular weight compounds that can be volatilized, depending upon the operational conditions of a mechanical system. This process normally results in an increased lubricant viscosity.
• an increase in lubricant viscosity reduces the mobility of the lubricant liquid, accelerates oxidation, and leads to the formation of deposits.
• Such breakdown may also result in loss of lubricant fluid and/or the production of excessive vapors and/or smoke, or ineffective lubrication.
• This in turn, can lead to mechanical breakdown, higher energy consumption, reduced cleanliness, poorer product quality, and higher occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds.
• Polymerization can lead to formation of deposits of semi-solid gums and hard varnishes that can build up on metal surfaces and in work environments. This, in turn, may lead to poorer lubrication, higher energy consumption, and potential production stoppages due to the need to remove deposits from the metal surfaces.
• Liquid lubricant compositions typically have a base oil to which other additives are provided.
• the additives impart specific properties to the overall lubricant mixture.
• One class of such additives is metal protecting additives. These exhibit beneficial properties such as resistance to wear, protection from damage at extreme pressure, and resistance to corrosion. Such additives are also useful for protecting metal surfaces.
• One drawback of metal protecting additives, however, is that they can reduce stability of the base oils once added.
• lubricant protecting additives can be provided to the base oils.
• Lubricant protecting additives are helpful for maintaining a lubricant's structure under operational conditions.
• the most important lubricant protecting additives are antioxidants.
• Antioxidants protect a base oil in a lubricant composition and/or other additives therein from attack by atmospheric oxygen, a harmful process also known as oxidation, which produces unwanted free radicals and leads to instability.
• Antioxidants help to stabilize base oils by helping to prevent oxidation.
• the effectiveness of antioxidants is strongly influenced by the level of stability of the base oil or oils in the composition. Greater stability of the base oil helps to reduce potentially adverse effects of oxidation.
• a few types of compounds are routinely used as liquid base oils in the field of high temperature lubricants, include perfluoropolyalkyl ethers which are highly resistant to oxidation due to the complete absence of extractable hydrogen atoms.
• Polyphenylethers and alkyldiphenyl ethers are also inherently very stable.
• their lubrication properties are poorer than other classes of base oils, and they tend to be either incompatible and/or not positively responsive to metal and/or lubricant protecting additives.
• due to the sophisticated synthesis techniques and manufacturing processes required to produce these materials they are only produced in small quantities unsuitable for large-scale industrial use.
• esters Another class of compounds commonly used as liquid base oils in the lubrication field is synthetic esters.
• Synthetic esters are derived from the reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols. Carboxylic acids and alcohols can be synthesized to very high purity, and thus, synthetic esters can be designed with very defined structures that can be targeted to provide the specific properties sought in a particular application. Synthetic esters are generally both compatible with, and respond favorably to common metal and lubricant protecting additives.
• Esters of certain carboxylic acids and alcohols are known to possess enhanced resistance to thermal and/or oxidative breakdown. Two general classes of commonly used synthetic esters with one or more of these properties are aromatic esters and neopolyol esters.
• Aromatic esters are formed as a reaction product of aromatic polycarboxylic acids, such as trimellitic acid and pyromellitic acid, and linear and/or branched monofunctional alcohols. Such alcohols typically have a carbon chain length of about 8 to about 13 carbon atoms. Although aromatic esters arc prone to oxidation due to the aromatic portion of the molecule, they can be useful due to their relatively high molecular weight and structural purity that contributes to a lower volatility.
• U.S. Patent No. 6,465,400 discloses a lubricant composition prepared by mixing aromatic esters with an additional base oil and antioxidants.
• Neopolyol esters are formed from the reaction of neopentyl polyols, such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythritol with linear and/or branched carboxylic acids that are typically about two to about ten carbon atoms in chain length.
• Neopolyol esters as a class are generally more resistant to oxidation than aromatic esters. They are particularly useful due to their higher thermal and oxidative stability which stems from the absence of hydrogens attached to carbons that are ⁇ to the ester linkage, which can lead to a low energy oxidation pathway.
• the carboxylic acids used to form such esters typically are linear and/or branched chain acids having from about five to about ten carbon atoms.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,826,633 discloses esters formed by reacting trimethylolpropane and monopentaerythritol with a mixture of linear and branched carboxylic acids having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
• U.S. Patent No. 6,436,881 discloses a high temperature lubricant formulation formed by reacting mainly dipentaerythritol with a mixture of linear and branched carboxylic acids having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, that also includes a viscosity index improver.
• 6,884,861 discloses a high temperature lubricant composition including esters formed from the reaction of certain polyols with mixtures of carboxylic acids having a five to ten carbon chain length and/or aromatic acids.
• Neopentyl polyol polyesters that are formed from certain relatively short chain linear or branched carboxylic acids of about 5 to about 10 carbons are particularly resistant to thermal and/or oxidative breakdown and/or polymerization relative to neopentyl polyol polyesters derived from longer chain carboxylic acids of about 12 carbons and longer.
• shorter chain carboxylic acids employed for forming neopentyl polyol polyester for use as base oils in lubricant compositions are pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-cthylhexanoic acid, nonanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid (isononanoic acid) and decanoic acid.
• the shorter chain carboxylic acids are preferred due to the shielding effect provided by the ester linkage that makes the hydrogen atoms on the carboxylic acid portion more resistant to abstraction and resultant oxidative attack.
• the present invention includes a lubricant composition that has at least one polyol polyester.
• the polyol polyester comprises the reaction product of at least one neopentyl polyol and 5,7,7-Mmethyl-2-(l,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octanoic acid or a reaction product, mixture, or copolymer thereof, or a further reaction product, further mixture, or further copolymer of the reaction product.
• the reaction product is a base oil in a lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition including the reaction product as a base oil comprises at least one additional base oil.
• the lubricant composition including the reaction product as a base oil and comprising at least one additional base oil further comprises a lubricant protecting additive and/or a metal protecting additive.
• One embodiment of the present invention includes providing a lubricant composition that has at least one polyol polyester.
• the polyol polyester is the reaction product of a neopentyl polyol and 5,7 3 7-trimethyl-2-(l ,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octanoic acid or reaction products, mixtures, and copolymers.
• the reaction product is a base oil in the composition, and the composition also has at least one additional base oil.
• the invention also includes a lubricant composition that has at least one polyol polyester.
• the polyol polyester is the reaction product of a neopentyl polyol and 5,7,7- trimethyl-2-(l,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octanoic acid or reaction products, mixtures, and copolymers thereof.
• the reaction product is a base oil in the composition, and the composition further also has at least one additional base oil, at least one metal protecting additive, and/or at least one lubricant protecting additive.
• the method comprises applying a lubricant composition to a metal surface, wherein the lubricant composition comprises a) a reaction product of at least one neopentyl polyol and 5,7,7- trimethyl-2-(l,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octanoic acid or a reaction product, mixture, or copolymer thereof wherein the reaction product is a base oil in the composition, b) at least one additional base oil, c) from about 0.5 to about 15 percent by weight of at least one lubricant protecting additive, and d) from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of at least one metal protecting additive.
• the lubricant composition comprises a) a reaction product of at least one neopentyl polyol and 5,7,7- trimethyl-2-(l,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octanoic acid or a reaction product, mixture, or copolymer thereof wherein the reaction product is a base oil in the composition, b) at least
• a method of making a lubricant composition comprises reacting a) at least one neopentyl polyol and b) 5,7,7-trimethyl-2-( 1 ,3,3- trimcthylbutyl)-octanoic acid or a reaction product, mixture, or copolymer thereof, wherein the reaction product is a base oil in the composition.
• the present invention relates generally to lubricant compositions useful for high temperature applications comprising polyol polyesters derived from 5,7,7-trimethyl-2- (1 ,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octanoic' acid and reaction products, mixtures, and copolymers thereof. It should be understood based on this disclosure hereinafter that when referring to "5,7,7-trimethyl-2-(l,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octanoic acid" herein included within the scope thereof are reaction products, mixtures and copolymers thereof.
• the present invention provides lubricant compositions that exhibit high resistance to thermal and/or oxidative breakdown and/or polymerization, low volatility, and a low deposit formation tendency.
• lubricant compositions include, but are not limited to, those that include the reaction product of at least one neopentyl polyol and 5,7,7-trimcthyl-2-(l,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octanoic acid as well as further reaction products, mixtures, and copolymers of that reaction product.
• lubrication compositions that include an additive that is the reaction product of at least one neopentyl polyol and 5,7,7-trimethyl-2-(l,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octanoic acid as well as mixtures, reaction products and copolymers of that reaction product.
• base oils are provided which are a mixture of the reaction product of at least one neopentyl polyol and 5,7,7- trimcthyl-2-(l,3,3-trimcthylbutyl)-octanoic acid, and reaction products, mixtures, and copolymers of that reaction product's derivatives as noted above, and at least one additional base oil such as other base compositions including various mixtures of the reaction product noted above with at least one additional base oil, at least one metal protecting additive and/or at least one lubricant protecting additive.
• reaction product noted above is used as a base oil to a lubricant composition
• additional base oils are provided, they may be used in similar quantities, and preferably, when the base oil including the reaction product is about 5 to about 50 weight percent of the composition, the additional base oil(s) make up about 50 to about 90 percent of the lubricant composition.
• the ratio of the base oil having the reaction product to the additional base oils is preferably from about 99:1 to about 1 :99, more preferably 25:75 to about 75:25, still more preferably about 30:70 to about 70:30, and most preferably about 50:50.
• hydroperoxide theory The mechanism of oxidation (autoxidation) is commonly described by the "hydroperoxide theory.”
• the hydroperoxide theory in its most basic form can be summarized in the series of reaction steps depicted below:
• Tertiary hydrogen atoms are most easily abstracted, followed by secondary, then primary.
• the exact position of alkyl groups within a carbon chain can also have the effect of either stabilizing or de-stabilizing the molecule by steric crowding, or by eliminating the possibility of non- oxidative degradation reactions such as dehydration that can give rise to by-products that are easily oxidized.
• this carboxylic acid possesses eighteen (18) carbon atoms, eight (8) sterically crowded secondary hydrogen atoms, two (2) highly sterically crowded tertiary hydrogen atoms, and one (1) tertiary hydrogen atom adjacent to the carboxylic acid. All other hydrogens within this molecule are primary. The hydrogen atoms located in close proximity to the ester linkages are more difficult to extract. Neopentyl polyols possess only primary hydrogen atoms.
• One embodiment of the present invention is a lubricant composition, including as a base oil and/or a liquid, a polyol polyester formed as the reaction product of, preferably from the esterification of, at least one neopentyl polyol and 5,7,7-trimethyl-2-(l,3,3- trimethylbutyl)-octanoic acid or its reaction products, mixtures, and copolymers.
• the composition may also include further reaction products, mixtures or copolymers of the reaction product noted above.
• the preferred polyol polyester has a viscosity of from about 100 centistokes to about 25,000 centistokes when measured at 4O 0 C.
• the polyol used to make the polyol polyester is a neopentyl polyol.
• neopentyl polyols include, but are not limited to, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, monopentaerythritol, ditrimethylolpropane, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and tetrapentaerythritol.
• Such neopentyl polyols are commercially available, however, it is within the scope of the invention to use both commercially available neopentyl polyols as well as synthesized or modified neopentyl polyols.
• Preferred polyols are monopentaerythritol and trimethylol propane or combinations thereof, although minor quantities of dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and tetrapentaerythritol may be utilized in combination or admixture therewith.
• the invention encompasses a base oiJ that includes a mixture of a liquid polyol polyester formed from the esterification of at least one polyol and 5,7,7- trimethyl ⁇ 2-(l,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octanotc acid (and its variations as noted above) or any reaction products, mixtures of copolymers of such polyol polyester, and at least one additional base oil.
• Preferred additional base oils include those known or to be developed in the lubricant arts, such as, for example, synthetic esters, polyesters, complex polyol polyester polymers, poly ⁇ -olefins, polymer esters, such as, for example, Ketjenlube®, commercially available from Akzo Nobel, alkylated naphthalenes, polyalkylene glycols, silicones, phosphate esters, alkylated aromatics, silahydrocarbons, phosphazenes, polyphosphazenes, dialkylcarbonates, cycloaliphatics, polybutenes, alkyldiphenyl ethers, polyphenyl ethers, mineral oils, hydrocarbon oils, triglyceride oils, vegetable oils, fatty acids having a primary carbon chain length of about 5 to about 54 carbon atoms, and copolymers, mixtures, derivatives, and combinations of these materials.
• synthetic esters such as, for example, synthetic esters, polyesters, complex polyo
• Synthetic esters may include, but are not limited to, neopentyl polyol esters, complex polyol polyesters, and aromatic esters.
• Preferred synthetic esters are neopentyl polyol polyesters and/or neopentyl polyol polyester polymers.
• Neopentyl polyol polyesters referred to herein are the reaction products of neopentyl polyols with at least one monofunctional carboxylic acid, and having multiple ester linkages in the molecule. Such materials are typically not polymeric in character.
• Neopentyl polyol polyester polymers are the reaction products of neopentyl polyols and at least one polyfunctional carboxylic acid and at least one monofunctional carboxylic acid and/or a monofunctional alcohol as an end capper. Such materials are polymeric in character and are also known as complex esters or complex polyol esters.
• Preferred neopentyl polyol polyesters include the reaction products of neopentyl polyols with linear and/or branched carboxylic acids of chain length of about 5 to about 12 carbon atoms.
• Preferred neopentyl polyol polyester polymers include the reaction products of at least one neopentyl polyol, at least one polycarboxylic acid, and at least one linear and/or branched monocarboxylic acid and/or alcohol of chain length of about 5 to about 20 carbon atoms.
• Such lubricant compositions preferably include such as, for example, metal protecting additives t-butylphenyl phosphates, amines; branched alkyls of from 1 1 to 14 carbon atoms, monohexyl and dihexyl phosphates, isopropylphenylphosphates, tricresyl phosphates, trixylyl phosphates, di(n-octyl)phosphite, alkylated triphenylphosphorothionate, triphenylthiophosphate, benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, and mixtures, derivatives, and combinations thereof.
• metal protecting additives t-butylphenyl phosphates, amines
• branched alkyls of from 1 1 to 14 carbon atoms monohexyl and dihexyl phosphates
• isopropylphenylphosphates tricresyl phosphates
• At least one mcta! protecting additive is preferably used when provided such an optional additive to a preferred lubricant composition. More particularly, up to about 5 percent by weight of the lubricant composition of metal protecting additive is provided to the lubricant composition.
• Lubricant protecting additives include any such additive known or to be developed in the lubricant art, but are not limited to, benzenam ⁇ ne, N-phenyl-, reaction products with 2,4,4-trimethylpentene; N-phenyl-l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutylnaphthalen-l- amine; butylated hydroxytoluene; alkylated diphenylamine; nonylatcd diphcnylamine; styrenated diphenylamine; hindered alkylphenols; benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(l,l- dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, thiodi-2,l-ethanediyl ester; benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(l,l- dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, 2,2-bis[[3-[3,5-bis(l,l-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy
• thiphenolic derivatives and mixtures, derivatives, and combinations of these materials.
• About 0.5 to about 15 percent by weight of at least one lubricant protecting additive is preferably added to the lubricant composition. More particularly, up to about 5 percent by weight of an optional lubricant protecting additive is provided to the lubricant composition.
• kinematic viscosity was tested using ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA, (standard test method ⁇ STM-D- 445-97 (1997).
• Total acid number (TAN) was determined using ASTM D-972.
• Hydroxyl value (OH) was determined using ASTM D-1957.
• Viscosity index (VI) was determined using ASTM D-2270. Flash point was determined using ASTM D-92, and pour point was determined using ASTM D-97.
• Evaporation loss, deposit fo ⁇ nation tendency, and residual oil fluidity were assessed by the following procedure.
• the lubricant base oil was blended with 1.5 wt.% each of benzenamine, N-phenyl-, reaction products with 2,4,4-trimethylpentene (Vanlube® 81, commercially available from RT Vanderbilt Corporation, Norwalk, Connecticut, USA) and N-phenyI-l,l ,3,3-tetramethylbutylnaphthalen-l-amine (Irganox® LO-6, commercially available for Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation, Tarrytown, New York, USA).
• Two (2) grams of lubricant liquid were placed in an aluminum weighing dish, and then placed in a muffle furnace. The test condition of 288°C was held for 5 Vz hours. Evaporation loss, deposit formation tendency, and flow properties of the lubricant after this procedure were measured by weight and by visual observation, respectively.
• TMPTBO trimethylolpropane tri-5,7,7-trimethyl-2 -(1,3,3- trimethylbutyl)-octan ⁇ ate
• TMPPETTBO Trimethylolpropane/Pentaerythritol 5,7,7-trimethyl-2- (l,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octanoate
• a lubricant base oil was prepared by combining the following ingredients of Table 5:
• a lubricant base oil was prepared by combining the following ingredients of Table 7:
• a lubricant base oil was prepared by combining the following ingredients of Table 9:

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