EP1977882B1 - Procédé et dispositif destinés au renforcement partiel d'un matériau de support - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif destinés au renforcement partiel d'un matériau de support Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1977882B1
EP1977882B1 EP08400021.5A EP08400021A EP1977882B1 EP 1977882 B1 EP1977882 B1 EP 1977882B1 EP 08400021 A EP08400021 A EP 08400021A EP 1977882 B1 EP1977882 B1 EP 1977882B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ribbons
material web
laying
web
mechanisms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08400021.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1977882A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen Dipl.-Ing Heinrich
Astrid Dipl.-Ing Kirchberg
Dietmar Dipl.-Ing Reuchsel
Matthias Dipl.-Ing Seifert
Frank Dipl.-Ing. Vettermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cetex Institut Ggmbh
Original Assignee
Cetex Institut Ggmbh
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Publication of EP1977882A1 publication Critical patent/EP1977882A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38—Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B29C70/382—Automated fiber placement [AFP]
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4242—Carbon fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
    • D04H1/4342—Aromatic polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the partial reinforcement of a web.
  • Material webs with unidirectional or multidirectional reinforcement for absorbing loads acting in different directions are well known, as are various manufacturing processes.
  • Such webs can be used advantageously for a number of applications. However, they also have decisive disadvantages. So are u. a. limits the possibilities of variable directional reinforcements. Usually it is a sheet with a layer that can preferably take load in the longitudinal direction (so-called zero degree position) and that is combined with layers with load bearing directions at an angle of + a and / or - ⁇ to the longitudinal direction. The position of the load-bearing reinforcements therefore does not always correspond to the actual flow of force in the web or the component made from this web.
  • Such webs are also manufactured as continuous products.
  • many end products require that the webs to be processed are provided with cutouts.
  • cutouts mean that the flow of force in the web is interrupted; the load bearing capacity is such. T. significantly reduced.
  • TFP Thousand Fiber Placement
  • base webs with load-bearing reinforcements in the form of, for example, rovings made of glass, aramid, carbon or other plastics with special application features such as high strength, high impact strength, high elongation at break, good vibration damping and durability against acids and alkalis, heat and fire resistance and to connect permanently.
  • rovings usually consist of a large number of interconnected individual filaments and have a ribbon-like shape.
  • TFP technology in particular is able to arrange the reinforcement elements on the carrier web in such a way that they largely correspond to the later flow of force in the finished component.
  • the TFP process is extremely complex due to the individual laying and fastening of the rovings using embroidery technology.
  • a group of fibers which are guided parallel to one another at a distance from one another, is bound and fixed between two webs on a pressing device consisting of two interacting rollers.
  • a pair of rollers arranged upstream of the pressing device guides the fiber sheet between them and, by traversing the fiber sheet perpendicularly to the direction of travel of the webs, is able to give the sheet of fibers a position deviating from the running direction and thus to place them between the webs.
  • both FR 2 889 103 as well as the WO 8400351 Devices are available which, by means of a movable rake or a rake with diverging tines, make it possible to change the distance between the elements of the array of reinforcing elements fed to a carrier web, it is not possible to deposit the reinforcing elements along a predetermined curve.
  • the minimum distance of the reinforcing elements is determined by the thickness of the diverging tines of the rake
  • the device according to FR 2 889 103 at least to lay the reinforcement elements side by side without gaps.
  • the path of the individual reinforcement elements can only be influenced to the extent that the "frequency" of the changes in distance can be controlled. Laying along a freely definable path is not possible.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a technology for partial reinforcement of webs by force-flow laying and permanent connection of the tapes, the simultaneous application of tapes in large numbers with the possibility of both depositing along a predefinable curve and changing the distance Ribbon allowed.
  • Ribbon is to be understood in particular as meaning rovings made of glass, aramid, carbon or other plastics with special application characteristics such as high strength, high impact strength, high elongation at break, good vibration damping as well as resistance to acids and alkalis, heat and fire resistance.
  • Goods web in the sense of the invention can be any web-shaped structure which is suitable for receiving the mentioned tapes and for connecting them.
  • the unification of the tapes placed on a web can also be done in a variety of ways, such. B. by sewing in a sewing process, needling, gluing, resinification, heat setting, calendering etc.
  • the fabric that can be produced by means of the invention is used as a material wherever high strength and wear properties are required in addition to low mass, for example in the aerospace industry Container construction etc.
  • the flat structures are designed and manufactured specifically in accordance with the subsequent load.
  • the ribbons for example, take into account the later geometry of a component and / or foreseeable loads and are arranged in the component or material in accordance with the force flow.
  • the ribbons to be laid are preferably in the form of rovings, which consist of a large number of individual filaments and predominantly have a ribbon-like shape.
  • the feed is preferably carried out by one or more coils.
  • the invention now provides to place the ribbons on the web 1 according to a predetermined contour and to fix them there.
  • Fig. 1a The simplest form is the parallel laying of the ribbon 2, as in the 1a to 1d is shown.
  • Fig. 1a two different groups of tapes 2 (as an example for laying several groups) are guided parallel to one another, which is not the case in the three other figures.
  • Fig. 1b shows two groups of tapes 2, which are initially guided in parallel with complete or approximate coverage, then move away from each other and approach each other again, so that an area 3 free of tapes 2 is formed on the web 1, in which, for example, in a subsequent processing step. an opening can be made.
  • Fig. 1c shows a crossover of two groups of tapes 2, the tapes 2 being guided parallel to one another.
  • Fig. 4 shows the two variants in which the width of the ribbons is increased or decreased, Fig. 4b however, the variants in which an overlap of the ribbon 2 is generated or dissolved.
  • the 2a-f show further possibilities of geometrical and / or force-flow-oriented laying patterns oriented towards the later use of the finished fabric.
  • Fig. 3 Finally, it can be seen that a laying with a limited distance between the individual tapes 2 of a family is not excluded. This can be of particular importance if the application criteria of the finished web do not require a seamless laying of the cost-intensive ribbon material and, consequently, cost savings can be given priority.
  • the latter is fed to a fixing unit which ensures that web 1 and ribbon 2 enter into a preferably mechanical or physico-chemical connection with one another.
  • a fixing unit which ensures that web 1 and ribbon 2 enter into a preferably mechanical or physico-chemical connection with one another.
  • This can be done, for example, by having a knitting point directly behind the laying area, in which web 1 and ribbon 2 are connected to one another by threads. It is important here, as in the case of other variants, that the laying area and the effective point (fixing unit) are positioned as close as possible to one another in order to prevent the ribbons 2 from slipping or shifting on the web.
  • fixation can also be carried out by providing the fabric web 1 with an adhesive to which the tapes 2 adhere before laying, or by coating the fabric web 1 with a substance that forms a physical or chemical connection under pressure and / or heat with the ribbon 2.
  • this list is not intended to limit the number of possibilities for producing a position securing of the tapes 2 on the web 1.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 An example of a device which can be used to carry out the method is shown in Fig. 5 and 6 .
  • the selected configuration it is suitable, for example, according to a layout picture Fig. 1e to create.
  • Two laying mechanisms 4 which can be operated independently of one another are arranged above the web 1, not shown here.
  • the movable elements of the laying mechanisms 4 to be described in more detail are guided on rails 5 and driven by two servo drives 7 and 8 via belts 6, to which they are coupled by means of clamping.
  • the arrangement is chosen so that the laying mechanisms 4 can move almost over the entire width of the web 1 ( Fig. 5 ).
  • a laying mechanism 4 consists of a multi-link coupling gear in the manner of a "Nuremberg scissors". This coupling gear is in Fig. 9 shown again schematically.
  • thread guides 10 are arranged parallel to each other, by means of which the tapes 2 are deposited on the web 1.
  • the thread guides 10 are, for example, web-shaped and have thread guide elements 11 inclined at their tip towards the material web 1. These thread guide elements 11 can have a circular cross section or a cross section adapted to the cross section of the tapes 2.
  • the thread guides 10 are arranged in a movable manner in bearing forks 12, which in turn are rotatably received by bores 13 of the gear members 9.
  • the thread guides 10 are provided on their upper side with feet 14 which are overlapped by a preferably straight guide groove, not shown.
  • the guide groove ensures that the thread guides 10 maintain their mutual position with the exception of a lateral change in distance.
  • the coupling gears themselves which consist of the transmission links 9, are arranged with their frame points on guide brackets 15 which are mounted on the rails 5 so as to be longitudinally movable and, depending on the requirement (ie depending on the layout to be produced), either with the upper or lower run of one of the two belts 5 can be firmly connected.
  • the left laying mechanism 4 is connected to the upper, the right laying mechanism 4 to the lower runs of the straps 5; the two laying mechanisms 4 thus move in opposite directions to one another.
  • the two laying mechanisms 4 merely execute a transverse movement to the web 1, possibly also a traversing movement. If, however, the drive movements of the servo drives 7 and 8 have a difference, the guide angles 15 of a laying mechanism 4 move away from one another depending on the size of the difference or towards each other, so that the scissors gear is either opened or closed. As a result, the mutual distances between the thread guides 10 and thus the layout of the ribbon 2 change.
  • Fig. 7 shows a modified device, in which on the one hand the thread guides 10 consist of U-shaped profiles, on the other hand thread guides 10 above and below the gear members 9 are preferably arranged offset to one another. In this way, a greater density of the band of tapes 2 to be laid can be achieved.
  • the thread guides 10 can also be provided with thread guide elements 11 again.
  • Fig. 8 shows this device in the closed state with thread guides 10 resting against one another.
  • the laying mechanisms can now be operated in such a way that, while maintaining the selected “spread” over the web, they oscillate in accordance with the intended laying pattern, so that the deposited threads run parallel to one another.
  • the corresponding comparison in the position of the laying mechanisms illustrate the Fig. 6 and 7 . Both figures also show only the smallest basic component of such a laying mechanism. In order to achieve an increased width, it is possible to arrange the assembly shown next to one another several times, as shown in Fig. 9 is shown schematically.
  • Fig. 5 and 6 arrangements shown are provided, e.g. B. as in Fig. 10 shown on top of each other. Such an arrangement is particularly necessary if an overlap of the tapes 2 is to be achieved in certain areas, for example as in FIGS 1b and 1f .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé pour le renforcement partiel d'une bande de produit en appliquant des rubans dans un cours prédéterminé sur la surface de la bande de produit et en les reliant de manière permanente à la bande de produit,
    les rubans pour ainsi dire interminables étant déposés en groupes sur la bande de produit continument et dans chaque groupe de rubans des sections avec un cours de rubans différent par rapport à l'axe longitudinale de la bande de produit et un degré de couverture de la bande de produit différent sont formées par les rubans selon une contour correspondante prédéterminée, les rubans s'étendant côté à côté avec une largeur constante ou bien sans des espaces ou bien avec des espaces, caractérisé en ce que
    la bande de produit est une formation en forme de bande avec une direction de mouvement, et en plus les rubans sont déposés selon les possibilités suivantes :
    - les rubans (2) s'étendent avec une largeur constante et une couverture croissante / décroissante, et / ou
    - les rubans (2) s'étendent côte à côte avec une largeur croissante / décroissante, et / ou
    - les rubans (2) s'étendent avec une largeur croissante / décroissante et une couverture croissante / décroissante.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que dans un groupe de rubans (2) plusieurs des possibilités d'agencement mutuel des rubans (2) sont utilisées successivement.
  3. Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs groupes de rubans (2) sont déposées dans une section de la bande de produit (1).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs groupes de rubans (2) se croisent dans une section de la bande de produit (1).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que des groupes de rubans (2) sont adjacents les uns aux autres dans une section de la bande de produit (1) et les rubans sont déposés de telle sorte que des zones (3) sans couverture sont formées.
  6. Dispositif pour le renforcement partiel d'une bande de produit en appliquant des rubans dans un cours prédéterminé sur la surface de la bande de produit, en particulier pour mettre en œuvre le procédé selon la revendication 1, les rubans étant enlevés d'une réserve et alimentés vers un dispositif de pose comme une nappe étendue, et une zone de consolidation étant disposée en aval du dispositif de pose en direction de mouvement de la bande de produit, caractérisé en ce que
    - le dispositif de pose comprend au moins deux mécanismes de pose (4), les mécanismes de pose (4) pouvant être actionnés indépendamment les uns des autres,
    - chaque mécanisme de pose (4) est agencé pour être déplacé transversalement à la direction longitudinale de la bande de produit (1) de sorte que toute la largeur de la bande de produit (1) peut être traversée,
    - chaque mécanisme de pose (4) est équipé d'une pluralité de guides pour un ruban respectivement, et que
    - sur chaque mécanisme de pose (4), la distance des guides pour les rubans est variable.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les mécanismes de pose (4) sont agencés de telle sorte que les sections de la bande de produit (1) recouvertes de rubans (2) par eux peuvent se chevaucher.
  8. Dispositif selon les revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un mécanisme de pose (4) consiste d'un engrenage à parallélogramme à ciseaux de plusieurs sections, qui est disposé de manière mobile transversalement à la bande de produit (1) et qui est équipé d'une pluralité de guide-fils (10).
  9. Dispositif selon les revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que des entraînements coopérants (7; 8) sont prévus, qui effectuent à la fois le mouvement de pose et le changement de pas d'un mécanisme de pose (4).
  10. Dispositif selon les revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que des entraînements séparés (7; 8) sont prévus pour le mouvement de pose et pour changer le pas d'un mécanisme de pose (4).
  11. Dispositif selon les revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les guide-fils (10) sont agencés sur au moins un niveau sur les mécanismes de pose (4).
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les guide-fils (10) sont agencés sur plusieurs niveaux et à pas mutuellement décalé sur les mécanismes de pose (4).
  13. Dispositif selon les revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les guide-fils (10) sont conçus comme des barres en forme d'U avec des éléments de guide-fil (11) alignés contre la bande de produit (1).
EP08400021.5A 2007-04-02 2008-04-01 Procédé et dispositif destinés au renforcement partiel d'un matériau de support Active EP1977882B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007016150 2007-04-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1977882A1 EP1977882A1 (fr) 2008-10-08
EP1977882B1 true EP1977882B1 (fr) 2020-06-24

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US8345269B2 (en) 2007-09-22 2013-01-01 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for measuring the width of composite tape
US7922856B2 (en) 2008-01-02 2011-04-12 The Boeing Company Graphite tape supply and backing paper take-up apparatus
US8557074B2 (en) 2008-02-27 2013-10-15 The Boeing Company Reduced complexity automatic fiber placement apparatus and method
US8986482B2 (en) 2008-07-08 2015-03-24 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for producing composite structures
US8308101B2 (en) 2009-03-09 2012-11-13 The Boeing Company Simplified fiber tensioning for automated fiber placement machines
US8454788B2 (en) 2009-03-13 2013-06-04 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for placing short courses of composite tape
DE102009056197A1 (de) 2009-11-27 2011-06-01 Karl Mayer Malimo Textilmaschinenfabrik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen einer UD-Lage
DE102011117324A1 (de) * 2011-10-28 2013-05-02 Wolfgang Hoeck Führungsvorrichtung zum Führen einer Mehrzahl von Fasern sowie Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Faserverbundbauteils
EP3659491A1 (fr) 2011-12-13 2020-06-03 EndoChoice Innovation Center Ltd. Endoscope à extrémité amovible
EP2664446B1 (fr) * 2012-05-16 2015-04-29 Airbus Operations GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de garniture, élément de garniture et véhicule comportant une cabine et au moins un tel élément de garniture
DE102014211016B3 (de) * 2014-06-10 2015-11-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faser-Halbzeugs, Faser-Halbzeug zur Herstellung eines Faserverbundwerkstoffs sowie Bauteil aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff und lokal definierter Permeabilität
DE102015224951A1 (de) * 2015-12-11 2017-06-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Faserbands, Faserband und verstärktes Bauteil
US20180273206A1 (en) * 2017-03-23 2018-09-27 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for fabrication of lattice composite fuselage for commercial aircraft employing steered fiber lay up
DE102018109212A1 (de) * 2018-04-18 2019-10-24 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren und Anlage zum Herstellen einer Faserpreform sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbundbauteils
JP2022130133A (ja) 2021-02-25 2022-09-06 株式会社Subaru テープ配列機構

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DE102008016989A1 (de) 2008-10-09
EP1977882A1 (fr) 2008-10-08

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