Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
  • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to new antagonists of adenosine receptors, in particular antagonists of the A 2A adenosine receptor subtype, and the use of said compounds in the treatment of diseases and disorders susceptible of being ameliorated by antagonism of adenosine receptors.
• the present invention relates to the use of such compounds in the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system which are known to be improved by the use of antagonists of the A 2A adenosine receptors, more spe- cifically movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome and dyskinesia and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds.
• adenosine are mediated through at least four specific identi- fied cell membrane receptors.
• Receptors A 1 , A 2A , A 26 and A 3 belong to the G protein- coupled receptor family.
• the A 1 and A 3 receptors down-regulate cellular cAMP levels through their coupling to G proteins, which inhibit adenylate cyclase.
• a 2A and A 26 receptors couple to G proteins that activate adenylate cyclase and increase intracellular levels of cAMP. Through these receptors, adenosine regulates a wide range of physio- logical functions.
• the activation of the A 1 receptor protects cardiac tissue from the effects of ischemia and hypoxia.
• a similar protective effect is also produced by antagonism of the A 2A receptor, which enhances A-i-receptor-induced antiadrenergic responses and may also be useful in the treatment of acute myocardial ischemia and supraventricular arrhythmias (Norton GR et al. Am J Physiol. 1999; 276(2 Pt 2):H341-9; Auchampach JA, BoIIi R. Am J Physiol. 1999; 276(3 Pt 2):H1 113-6).
• the A 26 adenosine receptor subtype appears to be involved in the control of vascular tone and the regulation of vascular smooth muscle growth.
• adenosine In the kidney, adenosine exerts a biphasic action, inducing vasodilation at high concentrations and vasoconstriction at low concentrations. Thus, adenosine plays a role in the pathogenesis of some forms of acute renal failure that may be ameliorated by A 1 receptor antagonists (Costello-Boerrigter LC, et al. Med Clin North Am. 2003 Mar; 87(2): 475-91 ; Gottlieb SS., Drugs. 2001 ; 61 (10): 1387-93).
• Adenosine is also involved in the physiopathology of the immune system. It can induce degranulation of activated human mast cells through the A 2B and /or A 3 receptor.
• a 2B and /or A 3 antagonists prevent mast cell degranulation and are, therefore, useful in the treatment, prevention or suppression of disease states induced by activation of the A 26 and/or A 3 receptor and mast cell degranulation.
• disease states include but are not limited to asthma, myocardial reperfusion injury, allergic reactions including but not limited to rhinitis, urticaria, scleroderm arthritis, other autoimmune diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases.
• adenosine induces bronchoconstriction, modulates airway inflammation and promotes neutrophil chemotaxis. Therefore, an adenosine antagonist would be particularly useful in the treatment of asthma.
• a 26 adenosine receptor subtype (Feoktistov, I. et al., Pharmacol. Rev. 1997, 49, 381-402) seems to be involved in the regulation of hepatic glucose production, the modulation of intestinal tone, as well as intestinal secretion.
• a 26 antagonists may also be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and obesity.
• adenosine In the central nervous system adenosine is a potent endogenous neuromodulator, which controls the presynaptic release of many neurotransmitters and is thus involved in motor function, sleep, anxiety, pain and psychomotor activity. All adenosine receptor subtypes are present in the brain, with A 1 and A 2A subtypes being differentially distributed. The former are found predominantly in the hippocampus and cortex, whilst the latter are found mainly in the striatum. Adenosine A 2A receptors modulate the release of GABA in the striatum, which possibly regulates the activity of medium spiny neurons.
• a 2A receptor antagonists may be a useful treatment for neurodegenerative movement disorders such as Parkinson and Huntington's disease (Tuite P, et al., J. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2003; 12: 1335-52; Popoli P. et al. J Neurosci. 2002; 22:1967-75), dystonias such as restless leg syndrome (Happe S, et al., Neuropsychobiology. 2003; 48: 82-6), and dyskinesias such as those caused by prolonged use of neuroleptic and dopaminergic drugs (Jenner P. J Neurol. 2000; 247 Suppl2: II43-50).
• an A 2A antagonist may be useful not only as monotherapy, but also when administered in combination with L-DOPA and/or one or more of the following drugs: dopamine agonists, inhibitors of dopamine decarboxylase, catechol- O-methyltransferase inhibitors and inhibitors of monoamine oxidase.
• a 2A antagonists may have therapeutic potential as neuroprotectants (Stone TW. et al., Drug. Dev. Res. 2001 ; 52: 323-330), and in the treatment of sleep disorders (Dunwiddie TV et al., Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 2001 ; 24: 31-55).
• Further objectives of the present invention are to provide a method for preparing said compounds; pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of said compounds; the use of the compounds in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of pathological conditions or diseases susceptible of being improved by antagonism of an adenosine receptor, in particular by antagonism of the A 2A adenosine receptor; methods of treatment of pathological conditions or diseases susceptible to amelioration by antagonism of an adenosine receptor, in particular by antagonism of the A 2A adenosine receptor comprising the administration of the compounds of the invention to a subject in need of treatment and combinations of said compounds with one or more of the following drugs: L-DOPA, dopamine agonists, inhibitors of dopamine decarboxylase, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors and inhibitors of monoamine oxidase.
• drugs L-DOPA, dopamine agonists, inhibitors of dopamine decarboxylase, catechol-O-methyltransfera
• this invention is generally directed to adenosine receptor antagonists, as well as to methods for their preparation and use, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing the same. More specifically, the adenosine receptor antagonists of this invention are compounds having the following general structure (I):
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X, m and n are as defined below.
• the compounds of this invention may generally be used to treat a variety of disorders or conditions, particularly those which benefit from inhibition of adenosine (particularly A 2A ) receptors. Accordingly, in another embodiment, methods are disclosed for treating one or more of a variety of diseases or conditions, including (but not limited to) ischemia, supraventricular arrhythmias, acute renal failure, myocardial reperfusion injury, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, asthma, diabetes mellitus, obesity, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, dystonia or dyskinesia.
• diseases or conditions including (but not limited to) ischemia, supraventricular arrhythmias, acute renal failure, myocardial reperfusion injury, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, asthma, diabetes mellitus, obesity, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, dystonia or dyskinesia.
• the methods of this invention generally involve administering an effective amount of one or more compounds of this invention, typically in the form of a pharmaceutical composition, to an animal (also referred to here as a "patient", including a human) in need thereof.
• compositions are disclosed containing one or more compounds of this invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or diluent.
• the present invention is directed generally to compounds useful as adenosine receptor antagonists.
• the compounds of this invention have the following structure (I):
• each of R 1 and R 2 independently is an aryl or heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group of lower alkyl, halogen, cycloalkyl, phenyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, -SH, NO 2 , lower alkylthio, lower alkylamino, cyano, and amino, wherein the lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio and lower alkylamino groups are optionally substituted;
• each of R 3 and R 4 independently is at each occurrence selected from the group of hydrogen, optionally substitituted alkyl, and optionally substituted alkoxy;
• R 5 independently is at each occurrence selected from the group of halogen, optionally substituted hydroxyCi -6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci -6 alkoxyCi -6 alkyl, optionally substituted morpholinylCi -6 alkyl, optionally substituted mono(Ci -6 alkyl)aminoCi -6 alkyl, optionally substituted di(Ci -6 alkyl)aminoCi -6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-ealkoxyCi-ealkylaminoCi- ⁇ alkyl, optionally substituted Ci -6 alkoxy, optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl, optionally substituted pyrazolidinyl, optionally substituted imidazolidinyl, optionally substituted piperidinyl and optionally substituted piperazinyl;
• X is a bond, NH or O
• n 1 , 2 or 3;
• n 1 , 2 or 3;
• compositions containing a pharmaceutically effective amount of said compounds b) the use of said compounds in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diseases susceptible of being improved by antagonism of an adenosine receptor, in particular by antagonism of the A 2A adenosine receptor; c) methods of treatment of diseases susceptible to amelioration by antagonism of an adenosine receptor, in particular by antagonism of the A 2A adenosine receptor, which methods comprise the administration of the compounds of the invention to a subject in need of treatment and administration of combinations of said compounds with one or more of the following drugs: L-DOPA, dopamine agonists, inhibitors of dopamine decarboxylase, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors and inhibitors of monoamine oxidase.
• drugs L-DOPA, dopamine agonists, inhibitors of dopamine decarboxylase, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors and inhibitors of monoamine oxidase
• a further aspect of the present invention includes use of a compound of the present invention to provide a physiological, functional, or biological assessment of a patient or provide disease or pathology detection and assessment.
• a radioactive form of a compound of the present invention may be employed in scintigraphy, positron emission tomography (PET), computerized tomography (CT), and/or single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT).
• alkyl includes linear or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Typically, alkyl groups have 1 to 6 or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alky groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, n- pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, isopentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1 ,1-dimethylpropyl, 1 ,2- dimethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1 ,1-dimethylbutyl, 1 ,2-dimethylbutyl, 1 ,3- dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl and iso- hex
• alkoxy includes linear or brached oxy-containing radicals each having alkyl portions of 1 to 8, typically 1 to 6 and more typically 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, sec- butoxy and t-butoxy.
• substituted alkoxy groups include trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, hydroxymethoxy, 2-hydroxyethoxy and 2-hydroxypropoxy.
• alkylthio embraces radicals containing an optionally substituted, linear or brached alkyl radicals of 1 to 8, typically 1 to 6 and more typically 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• alkylthio radicals include methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, i- propylthio, n-butylthio, sec-butylthio and t-butylthio.
• substituted alkylthio groups include trifluoromethylthio, difluoromethylthio, hydroxymethylthio, 2-hydroxyethylthio and 2-hydroxypropylthio.
• cyclic group embraces, unless otherwise specified, carbocyclic and heterocyclic radicals.
• the cyclic radicals can contain one or more rings.
• Carbocyclic radicals may be aromatic or alicyclic, for example cycloalkyl radicals.
• Heterocyclic radicals also include heteroaryl radicals.
• aromatic group embraces typically a 5- to 14- membered aromatic ring system, such as a 5- or 6- membered ring which may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N.
• the radical is named aryl radical and when at least one heteroatom is present it is named heteroaryl radical.
• the aromatic radical can be monocyclic or polycyclic, such as phenyl or naphthyl.
• an aromatic radical or moiety carries 2 or more substituents, the substituents may be the same or different.
• aryl radical embraces typically a C 5 -Ci 4 monocyclic or polycyclic aryl radical such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl or phenanthryl.
• aryl radical carries 2 or more substituents, the substituents may be the same or different.
• heteroaryl radical embraces typically a 5- to 14- membered ring system comprising at least one heteroaromatic ring and containing at least one heteroatom selected from O, S and N.
• a heteroaryl radical may be a single ring or two or more fused rings wherein at least one ring contains a heteroatom.
• heteroaryls examples include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, furyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, benzothiazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolizinyl, cinnolinyl, triazolyl, indolizinyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoindolyl, imidazolidinyl, pteridinyl and pyrazolyl.
• a heteroaryl radical carries 2 or more substituents, the substituents may be the same
• heterocycle radical embraces typically a 5- to 14- membered ring system comprising at least one heterocyclic ring and containing at least one heteroatom selected from O, S and N.
• a heterocycle radical may be a single ring or two or more fused rings wherein at least one ring contains a heteroatom.
• a heterocycle radical may be aromatic, in which case it is a heteroaryl radical, or it may be non-aromatic. Examples of aromatic heterocycles (i.e., heteroaryls) are provided above.
• non-aromatic heterocycles include piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, oxazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, azepanyl, [1 ,4]diazepanyl, [1 ,4]oxazepanyl and thiazepanyl.
• cycloalkyl embraces saturated optionally substituted carbocyclic radicals and, unless otherwise specified, a cycloalkyl radical typically has from 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
• the preferred substituents in said cycloalkyl groups are selected from halogen atoms, hydroxy groups, alkyl groups and amino groups.
• Examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl. It is preferably cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
• a cycloalkyl radical carries 2 or more substituents, the substituents may be the same or different.
• atoms, radicals, moieties, chains or cycles present in the general structures of the invention are "optionally substituted".
• substituents can be either unsubstituted or substituted in any position by one or more, for example 1 , 2, 3 or 4, substituents, whereby the hydrogen atoms bound to the unsubstituted atoms, radicals, moieties, chains or cycles are replaced by chemically acceptable atoms, radicals, moieties, chains or cycles.
• substituents may be the same or different.
• substituents of an "optionally substituted" structure may include, without limitation, one or more, typically one to four, and more typically one to two of the following substituents: alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, amido (e.g.
• halogen atom embraces chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine atoms typically a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, most preferably chlorine or fluorine.
• halo when used as a prefix has the same meaning.
• the term pharmaceutically acceptable salt embraces salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable acids include both inorganic acids, for example hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, diphosphoric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic and nitric acid and organic acids, for example citric, fumaric, maleic, malic, mandelic, ascorbic, oxalic, succinic, tartaric, benzoic, acetic, methanesulphonic, ethanesulphonic, benzenesulphonic or p-toluenesulphonic acid.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable bases include alkali metal (e.g. sodium or potassium) and alkali earth metal (e.g. calcium or magnesium) hydroxides and organic bases, for example alkyl amines, arylalkyl amines and heterocyclic amines.
• X- may be an anion of various mineral acids such as, for example, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, or an anion of an organic acid such as, for example, acetate, maleate, fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, trifluoroacetate, methanesulphonate and p-toluenesulphonate.
• mineral acids such as, for example, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate
• organic acid such as, for example, acetate, maleate, fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, trifluoroacetate, methanesulphonate and p-toluenesulphonate.
• X- is preferably an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, acetate, maleate, oxalate, succinate or trifluoroacetate. More preferably X- is chloride, bromide, trifluoroacetate or methanesulphonate.
• an N-oxide is formed from the tertiary basic amines or imines present in the molecule, using a convenient oxidising agent.
• R 1 represents a monocyclic aryl or heteroaryl group selected from the group of phenyl, pyridinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl and oxadiazolyl groups which are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group of halogen, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, optionally substituted lower alkoxy and optionally substituted lower alkyl.
• R 2 represents a monocyclic aryl or heteroaryl group selected from the group of phenyl, pyridinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl and oxadiazolyl groups which are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group of halogen, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, optionally substituted lower alkoxy and optionally substituted lower alkyl.
• Particular individual compounds of the invention include: 2-(3-Dimethylaminomethyl-phenoxy)-N-[6-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-(5-methyl-furan-2- yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-acetamide (Compound 1-1 );
• Additional compounds of the invention include:
• the compounds of the present invention may be prepared by one of the processes described below.
• the carboxyamidines of formula (III), wherein R 1 is a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group linked to the carboxyamidine group through a carbon atom can be obtained by reacting a nitrile of formula (II) with trimethylaluminum and ammonium chloride, in a solvent such as benzene, toluene or xylene, at a temperature from 8O 0 C to 12O 0 C. It also can be obtained by reaction of a nitrile of formula (II) with sodium methoxide in methanol at room temperature, followed by reaction with ammonium chloride at the same temperature.
• the carboxyamidines of formula (III) can be reacted with diethyl malonate in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base, such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or potassium terfbutoxide and at a temperature from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent to yield the pyrimidine-4,6-diols of formula (IV).
• a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol or tetrahydrofuran
• a base such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or potassium terfbutoxide
• the resulting pyrimidine-4,6-diols of formula (IV) can be reacted with a chlorinated agent such as phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride or a mixture of them, in a solvent such as phosphorus oxychloride, benzene or toluene, at a temperature from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent to yield the 4,6-dichloropyrimidine compounds of formula (V).
• a base such as dimethylaminoaniline, triethylamine or diisopropyl-ethylamine may be needed in this reaction step.
• the resulting 6-chloropyrimidin-4-amines of formula (Vl) are reacted with a compound of formula R 2 -H wherein R 2 is a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group linked to the pyrimidine ring through a nitrogen atom to yield the compounds of formula (VIII).
• the reaction is carried out in a solvent such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or dimethylsulfoxide, in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydride, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, at a temperature from 6O 0 C to 14O 0 C.
• the 4,6-dichloropyrimidine compounds of formula (V) can also be converted into the 4- chloropyrimidines of formula (VII) by reaction with a compound of formula R 2 -H wherein R 2 is a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group linked to the pyrimidine ring through a nitrogen atom.
• the reaction is carried out in a solvent such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or dimethylsulfoxide, in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydride, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, at a temperature from 6O 0 C to 14O 0 C.
• the resulting 4-chloropyrimidines of formula (VII) can then be converted to the compounds of formula (VIII) according to the invention by reaction with ammonium hydroxide in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature from 8O 0 C to 14O 0 C.
• a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or tetrahydrofuran
• the reaction between methyl ketones of formula (IX), wherein R 2 is a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group linked to the pyrimidine ring through a carbon atom and diethyl carbonate can be carried out in the presence of a base, preferably sodium hydride, in a solvent such as benzene, toluene, ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, and at a temperature from 4O 0 C to 12O 0 C to yield the substituted ethyl 3-oxo-propanoates of formula (X).
• a base preferably sodium hydride
• the pyrimidin-4-ol compounds of formula (Xl) can be obtained from the substituted ethyl 3- oxo-propanoates of formula (X) by reaction with carboxyamidines of formula (III) in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base, such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or potassium terfbutoxide and at a temperature from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent.
• a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol or tetrahydrofuran
• the pyrimidin-4-ol compounds of formula (Xl) can be reacted with a chlorinated agent such as phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachoride or a mixture of them, in a solvent such as phosphorus oxychloride, benzene or toluene, at a temperature from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent to yield the 4-chloropyrimidines of formula (VII).
• a base such as dimethylaminoaniline, triethylamine or diisopropyl-ethylamine may be needed in this reaction step.
• the compounds of formula (VIII) according to the present invention can be prepared from 4-chloropyrimidines of formula (VII) by reaction with ammonium hydroxide in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature from 8O 0 C to 14O 0 C.
• a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or tetrahydrofuran
• the Suzuki reaction between the 4-aminopirimidines of formulae (V) or (Vl) and the boronic acid of formula (XII), wherein R 2 is a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group linked to the pyrimidine ring through a carbon atom is preferably carried out in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, benzene or toluene, optionally in the presence of water, at a temperature between 6O 0 C and 12O 0 C, with a base such as sodium or potassium carbonate and a palladium(O) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphospnine)palladium(0).
• an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, benzene or toluene, optional
• the Stille reaction between the 4-aminopirimidines of formulae (V) or (Vl) and the organotin derivative of formula (XIII), wherein R 2 is a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group linked to the pyrimidine ring through a carbon atom is preferably carried out in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, benzene or toluene, optionally in the presence of water, at a temperature between 6O 0 C and 12O 0 C, with a base such as sodium or potassium carbonate and a catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ll) chloride.
• an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethan
• the 4-chloropyrimidine compounds of formula (VII) can be converted to the compounds of formula (VIII) by reaction with ammonium hydroxide in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature from 8O 0 C to 14O 0 C.
• a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or tetrahydrofuran
• the amides of formula (XIV) are obtained by reaction of a compound of formula (VIII) with chloroacetyl chloride in a solvent such as dichloromethane and base (e.g., pyridine).
• a solvent such as dichloromethane and base (e.g., pyridine).
• the resultant compound of formula (XIV) is reacted with the desired alcohol in the presence of potassium carbonate, TBAI and DMF to yield the desired amide of formula (I).
• the carbamates of formula (XV) are obtained by reaction of a compound of formula (VIII) with a compound of formula Z-COOR 4 , wherein Z represents a leaving group such as halogen atom, preferably chlorine or a group selected from ethoxy, methoxy, p- nitrophenoxy and imidazolyl.
• Z represents a leaving group such as halogen atom, preferably chlorine or a group selected from ethoxy, methoxy, p- nitrophenoxy and imidazolyl.
• the reaction is carried out in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, methylene chloride or dimethylformamide, in the presence of a base, preferably triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, potassium carbonate or sodium hydroxide, at a temperature from -7O 0 C to 100 0 C.
• the coding sequence of the human A2A receptor was amplified from a human brain cDNA library by the polymerase chain reaction.
• the amplicon was cloned into the pcDNA5/FRT/V5-His-TOPO expression vector (Invitrogen) and sequence confirmed using an ABI 3100 automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems).
• the expression construct was transfected into FIp-In HEK cells (Invitrogen) using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen). Cells stably expressing the human A2A receptor were selected using 1 mg/ml hygromycin in complete DMEM.
• Membrane preparation Crude membranes were prepared from FIp-In HEK cells transfected with the human A2A receptor by resuspending cells in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCI pH 7.4, 5mM EDTA, 10 mM MgCI 2 ) and disrupting under N 2 at a pressure of 900 psi (Parr Cell disruption bomb, cat.4639) for 30 min on ice followed by differential centrifugation. The resulting crude membrane pellet was resuspended in assay buffer (50 mM Tris HCI pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM MgCI 2 ). Membrane protein concentration was determined by Bradford assay and aliquots were stored at -8O 0 C.
• Bound and free ligand were separated by rapid vacuum filtration using a Packard 96-well cell harvester onto UniFilter GF/C filter plates (PerkinElmer) that had been pretreated with 0.5% polyethyleneimine.
• the filter plates were than washed 3 x 200 ⁇ l with 5OmM Tris HCI, 5OmM NaCI pH 7.4.
• Bound radioligand was determined by scintillation counting using a TopCount-NXT
• Binding Ki 0.25 ⁇ 0.04 nM.
• A2a receptor antagonists of this invention may have a IC50 of less than 10 ⁇ M. In one embodiment of this invention, a A2a receptor antagonist has a IC 50 of less than 1 ⁇ M. In another embodiment the IC 50 is less than 0.25 ⁇ M (Ae., 250 nM).
• the pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives of the invention are useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases known to be susceptible to improvement by treatment with an antagonist of an adenosine receptor, in particular those susceptible to improvement by treatement with and antagonist of the A 2A adenosine receptor.
• Such diseases are, for example ischemia, supraventricular arrhythmias, acute renal failure, myocardial reperfusion injury, allergic reactions including but not limited to rhinitis, urticaria, scleroderm arthritis, other autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, asthma, diabetes mellitus, obesity, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, dystonias such as restless leg syndrome, dyskinesias such as those caused by prolonged use of neuroleptic and dopaminergic drugs or sleep disorders.
• the pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives of the invention and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compound and/or salts thereof may be used in a method of treatment of disorders of the human body which comprises administering to a subject requiring such treatment an effective amount of pyrimidin-4-amine derivative of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions which comprise, as an active ingredient, at least a pyrimidin-4-amine derivative of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient such as a carrier or diluent.
• the active ingredient may comprise 0.001% to 99% by weight, preferably 0.01 % to 90% by weight of the composition depending upon the nature of the formulation and whether further dilution is to be made prior to application.
• the compositions are made up in a form suitable for oral, topical, nasal, rectal, percutaneous or injectable administration.
• compositions of this invention are well-known per se and the actual excipients used depend inter alia on the intended method of administering the compositions.
• compositions of this invention are preferably adapted for injectable and oral administration.
• the compositions for oral administration may take the form of tablets, retard tablets, sublingual tablets, capsules, inhalation aerosols, inhalation solutions, dry powder inhalation, or liquid preparations, such as mixtures, elixirs, syrups or suspensions, all containing the compound of the invention; such preparations may be made by methods well-known in the art.
• Tablets or capsules may conveniently contain between 2 and 500 mg of active ingredient or the equivalent amount of a salt thereof.
• the liquid composition adapted for oral use may be in the form of solutions or suspensions.
• the solutions may be aqueous solutions of a soluble salt or other derivative of the active compound in association with, for example, sucrose to form a syrup.
• the suspensions may comprise an insoluble active compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in association with water, together with a suspending agent or flavouring agent.
• compositions for parenteral injection may be prepared from soluble salts, which may or may not be freeze-dried and which may be dissolved in pyrogen free aqueous media or other appropriate parenteral injection fluid.
• Effective doses are normally in the range of 2-2000 mg of active ingredient per day.
• Daily dosage may be administered in one or more treatments, preferably from 1 to 4 treatments, per day.
• the present invention permits the diagnostic visualization of specific sites within the body by the use of radioactive or non-radioactive pharmaceutical agents
• Use of a compound of the present invention may provide a physiological, functional, or biological assessment of a patient or provide disease or pathology detection and assessment.
• Radioactive pharmaceuticals are employed in scintigraphy, positron emission tomography (PET), computerized tomography (CT), and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT.)
• PET positron emission tomography
• CT computerized tomography
• SPECT single photon emission computerized tomography
• radioisotopes are incorporated of such elements as iodine (I) including 123 I (PET), 125 I (SPECT), and 131 I, technetium (Tc) including 99 Tc (PET), phosphorus (P) including 31 P and 32 P, chromium (Cr) including 51 Cr, carbon (C) including 11 C, fluorine (F) including 18 F, thallium (Tl) including 201 TI, and like emitters of positron and ionizing radiation.
• I iodine
• PET positron emission tomography
• CT computerized tomography
• SPECT single photon emission computerized tomography
• Non-radioactive pharmaceuticals are employed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluoroscopy, and ultrasound.
• isotopes are incorporated of such elements as gadolinium (Gd) including 153 Gd, iron (Fe), barium (Ba), manganese (Mn), and thallium (Tl).
• Gd gadolinium
• Fe iron
• Ba barium
• Mn manganese
• Tl thallium
• Such entities are also useful for identifying the presence of particular target sites in a mixture and for labeling molecules in a mixture.
• Agilent 1 100 series equipped with an auto-sampler, an UV detector (220 nM and 254 nM), a MS detector (APCI);
• HPLC column YMC ODS AQ, S-5, 5 ⁇ , 2.0 x50 mm cartridge; HPLC gradient: 1.0 mL/minute, from 10 % acetonitrile in water to 90 % ace- tonitrile in water in 2.5 minutes, maintaining 90 % for 1 minute. Both acetonitrile and water have 0.025% TFA.
• Agilent 1 100 series equipped with an auto-sampler, an UV detec- tor (220 nM and 254 nM), a MS detector (APCI);
• HPLC column Phenomenex Synergi-Max RP, 2.0 x 50 mm column; HPLC gradient: 1.0 mL/minute, from 5 % acetonitrile in water to 95 % acetonitrile in water in 13.5 minutes, maintaining 95 % for 2 minute. Both acetonitrile and water have 0.025% TFA.
• Agilent 1 100 series equipped with an auto-sampler, an UV detector (220 nM and 254 nM), a MS detector (electrospray);
• HPLC column XTerra MS, C 18 , 5 ⁇ , 3.0 x 250 mm column; HPLC gradient: 1.0 mL/minute, from 10 % acetonitrile in water to 90 % ace- tonitrile in water in 46 minutes, jump to 99% acetonitrile and maintain 99 % acetonitrile for 8.04 minutes. Both acetonitrile and water have 0.025% TFA.
• HPLC gradient 4.0 mL/minute, 120 bar; from 10 % methanol in supercritical CO 2 to 60% methanol in supercritical C ⁇ 2 in 1.67 minutes, maintaining 60 % for 1 minute. Methanol has 1.5% water. Backpressure regulated at 140 bar.
• HPLC column Phenomenex Gemini 5 ⁇ C18 1 10A, 3.0 x 150 mm
• HPLC gradient 1.5 mL/min, from 5% acetonitrile in water to 90% acetonitrile in water in 9.86 minutes, from 90% acetonitrile in water to 95% acetonitrile in water in 0.1 minutes, hold at 95% for 1.19 minutes. Both acetonitrile and water have 0.04% NH 4 OH
• HPLC gradient 35 mL/minute, 10% acetonitrile in water to 100 % acetonitrile in 7 minutes, maintaining 100 % acetonitrile for 3 minutes, with 0.025% TFA.
• Compound 1-17 was synthesized by the same method as compound 1-16, except that bis(2-bromoethyl)ether was used in place of 1 ,4-dibromobutane.
• the solution was extracted with CH 2 CI 2 (25 mL) and the organic layer was then washed with brine (15 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness.
• the crude product was purified by flash chromatography eluting first with 2% MeOH in CH 2 CI 2 then gradually increasing the gradient to 5% MeOH in CH 2 CI 2 and finally with 10% MeOH in CH 2 CI 2 to yield the 0.044 g (16.5%) of the product as a white foam.
• the free base product was converted to the HCI salt by dissolving in CH 2 CI 2 (0.030 mL) and then adding 2M HCI in ether (0.12 mL, 0.23 mmol, 2.5 eq.).

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