EP1976811A1 - Compositions pyrotechniques generatrices de gaz, comprenant du nitrate d'ammonium stabilise ; composes pyrotechniques correspondants - Google Patents
Compositions pyrotechniques generatrices de gaz, comprenant du nitrate d'ammonium stabilise ; composes pyrotechniques correspondantsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1976811A1 EP1976811A1 EP07731511A EP07731511A EP1976811A1 EP 1976811 A1 EP1976811 A1 EP 1976811A1 EP 07731511 A EP07731511 A EP 07731511A EP 07731511 A EP07731511 A EP 07731511A EP 1976811 A1 EP1976811 A1 EP 1976811A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- compositions
- reducing
- pyrotechnic
- nitrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SQSPRWMERUQXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanylurea Chemical compound NC(=N)NC(N)=O SQSPRWMERUQXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- IPZQGRLGQRWVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2h-tetrazol-5-yl)guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=NC=1N=NNN=1 IPZQGRLGQRWVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RZUBARUFLYGOGC-MTHOTQAESA-L acid fuchsin Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=C(N)C(C)=CC(C(=C\2C=C(C(=[NH2+])C=C/2)S([O-])(=O)=O)\C=2C=C(C(N)=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 RZUBARUFLYGOGC-MTHOTQAESA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- WLDHEUZGFKACJH-UHFFFAOYSA-K amaranth Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C12=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C12 WLDHEUZGFKACJH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012735 amaranth Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004178 amaranth Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- YTNLBRCAVHCUPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1$l^{2},2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-1$l^{2},2,3,4-tetrazole Chemical class [N]1N=NN=C1C1=NN=N[N]1 YTNLBRCAVHCUPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005550 wet granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(O)=NC2=C1 YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007908 dry granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
Definitions
- Pyrotechnic gas generating compositions comprising stabilized ammonium nitrate: corresponding pyrotechnic compounds.
- the present invention relates to gas-generating pyrotechnic compositions comprising stabilized ammonium nitrate and the corresponding pyrotechnic compounds.
- Powerful pyrotechnic gas generating compositions are sought for many civil applications, such as automobile safety (context of conductive airbags and curtain airbags) and fire fighting (context of pyrotechnic extinguishers). These pyrotechnic compositions, for civil applications, are advantageously optimized in terms of:
- the aim is an optimum gas yield
- compositions for civil applications have been proposed to date; in particular compositions containing stabilized ammonium nitrate as oxidizing filler.
- this oxidant is to burn at a pressure greater than 30 MPa with a suitable pressure exponent n, of the order of 0.3. Below 30 MPa, it burns with a much higher exponent (n close to 1).
- n pressure exponent
- the intervention of this oxidant in pyrotechnic compositions has in particular been described in US Patent 5,747,730 and US 2004/0016480.
- compositions of the prior art described in these documents are not as efficient as the compositions of the invention described below, more particularly as regards the rate of combustion, for those described in US Pat. No. 5,747,730 and US Pat. possibility of adjusting said speed, for those described in application US 2004/0016480.
- the present invention therefore relates to gas generating pyrotechnic compositions which comprise stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN), as an oxidizing charge.
- PSAN stabilized ammonium nitrate
- compositions also comprise a reducing filler and, typically, said reducing filler is bicomponent.
- said reducing charge comprises: a first reducing element chosen from guanidine nitrate, guanyl urea dinitramide and mixtures thereof; and a second reducing element chosen from: + tetrazole,
- main reducing charge selected from guanidine nitrate, guanyl urea dinitramide and mixtures thereof
- additional reducing charge selected from guanidine nitrate, guanyl urea dinitramide and mixtures thereof
- the derivatives of the compounds in question are principally those compounds which are substituted, in particular with an amino group; and the salts in question are mainly the alkaline (preferably sodium, potassium,), alkaline earth (calcium, advantageously) salts and the ammonium salts.
- the stabilized ammonium nitrate which acts as an oxidizing filler in the compositions of the invention, is advantageously ammonium nitrate stabilized at least in part by potassium nitrate.
- ammonium nitrate containing from 10 to 20% (typically 15%) by weight of potassium nitrate. It may also be ammonium nitrate containing from 1 to 7% by weight of potassium nitrate and from 0.1% to 1% by weight of an organic compound comprising at least one arylsufonate group chosen from the group consisting of by the benzenesulfonate groups and the naphthalenesulphonate groups; said organic compound being advantageously selected from the group consisting of acid magenta and amaranth.
- This second type of stabilized ammonium nitrate has been described in patent application EP-A-0 786 434.
- the first reducing element of the reducing charge of the pyrotechnic compositions of the invention advantageously consists of a mixture of guanidine nitrate and guanyl urea dinitramide.
- the second reducing element is advantageously chosen from: tetrazole, 5-aminotetrazole, 5-guanylaminotetrazole,
- the oxidizing and reducing charges (above) of the compositions of the invention represent at least 95% by weight of said compositions.
- said fillers represent at least 98% by weight of said compositions. Generally, they represent at least 97% by weight of said compositions.
- compositions are thus essentially constituted of stabilized ammonium nitrate and the two-component reducing filler, as defined above.
- the ternary compositions of the invention are thus essentially (at least 95% by weight) constituted by stabilized ammonium nitrate and the two reducing elements.
- the ternary compositions of the invention may thus consist of 100% by weight of said stabilized ammonium nitrate and said two reducing elements or contain low-content additives ( ⁇ 5% by weight, advantageously ⁇ 2% by weight, generally ⁇ 3%), especially auxiliary manufacturing type (such as silica and / or alumina and / or mica and / or magnesium stearate .
- the pyrotechnic compositions of the invention generally contain:
- the pyrotechnic compositions of the invention therefore generally contain;
- compositions of the invention are effective. They are high-yield gas (40 mol / kg), with combustion temperatures around 2,200 K.
- the pressures generated are less than 30 MPa, which is particularly interesting, with reference to equipment (construction of generators ).
- the burning speeds are fast, with a plateau effect and a possibility of adjustment. Said speeds can be of the order of 25 mm / s to 20 MPa with a plateau effect from 22 MPa. This plateau effect is also particularly interesting. It is furthermore easily understood that, by virtue of the nature and / or the content of the second reducing element, it is possible to control said plateau effect, the rate of combustion can be regulated. In this, the compositions of the invention are particularly interesting.
- OB oxygen surplus with respect to the quantity of said oxygen required for burn the whole product by transforming C into CO 2 , I 1 H into H 2 O ...) between -2% and + 2%, Le. to generate non-toxic gases and therefore quite suitable for an application in the field of air-bags.
- the compositions of the invention having such balance oxygen values are particularly preferred.
- the present invention relates to pyrotechnic compounds that can be obtained from pyrotechnic compositions described above (pyrotechnic compositions which they constitute the first object of said invention). Said compounds therefore contain the stabilized ammonium nitrate and the two-component reducing filler, as described above, advantageously in the proportions indicated above.
- Such compounds can be obtained in a conventional manner, in particular by granulation and pelleting or by granulation and compression.
- compositions of the invention pulverulent.
- the powders are granulated to ensure the flow and homogeneity of the composition without obviously affecting the compressibility.
- the pulverulent raw materials (essentially said stabilized ammonium nitrate and said first and second reducing elements, or even exclusively said stabilized ammonium nitrate and said first and second reducing elements) are mixed, generally by means of a powder mixer, a kneader or a spray tower.
- the wet granulation then involves an organic solvent (for example ethanol) or an aqueous solvent.
- a solvent generally occurs up to 5% by weight.
- the solvent used is then evaporated.
- Granules of various grain sizes are recovered in which the constituent ingredients are intimately mixed.
- the dry granulometry is done directly from the mixture of powders, in a granulator. In the same way, granules of various grain sizes are recovered in which the constituent ingredients are intimately mixed. The granules obtained are then molded by pelletizing or compression, depending on the desired size of the compounds.
- pellets are introduced into the hopper of a pelletizer ...
- granules are introduced into a geometry mold. fixed, adequate and compressed in said mold.
- compositions of the invention are an integral part of said second object.
- DABTZ diamonium biterazole
- GUDN guanyl urea dinitramide.
- the preferred variant of the invention is the composition of Example 6.
- pellets (0 ⁇ 8 mm, h ⁇ 3 mm). Said pellets were prepared from the pyrotechnic compositions of the above examples by wet granulation and then pelletizing.
- Table 2 below gives the results of tank firing 10 liters with GEXT generator with valve. These generator tests show that the compositions of the invention have combustion rates of the order of 20 mm / sec at 20 MPa, associated with a low pressure exponent n (see Table 3 below).
- a high pressure exponent implies an adaptation of the mechanical strength of the generators in question (by adding a regulator, for example, to modulate the pressure), which entails an additional cost of the system.
- the Ptx expressed in MPa, corresponds to a measured tank pressure, comparable to a useful pressure in an air bag. The higher it is, the better the inflation of the bag in air bag configuration.
- the Ttx corresponds to the time necessary to reach said Ptx.
- the toxicity values (CO and NO x , expressed in ppm) show that, depending on the amount of biterazole salt used, it is possible to reach lower toxicity levels and thus be consistent with an air bag application. .
- Tmax the maximum temperature (Tmax, expressed in 0 C) of the released gases
- Example 1 has a density of 135 kg / m 3 ; that of Example 2 a density of 132 kg / m 3 .
- Table 4 gives the results of 10-liter tank shots at different temperatures. The combustion rates are of the same order of magnitude, regardless of the temperature.
- a coefficient ITp has been calculated which can be defined as the variation of the operating time as a function of the temperature, with constant tightening. The higher this coefficient, the more important the action of the temperature on the operation.
- compositions of Examples 1, 2 and 4 were evaluated.
- Example 2 That of Example 2 is the least sensitive to thermal action (see Table 5 below).
- the loss of mass after 400 h at 107 ° C. is low, of the order of 0.3%.
- the pyrotechnic composition of the invention has good temperature stability.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0650253A FR2896497B1 (fr) | 2006-01-25 | 2006-01-25 | Compositions pyrotechniques generatrices de gaz, comprenant du nitrate d'ammonium stabilise, composes pyrotechniques correspondants |
| PCT/FR2007/050683 WO2007085761A1 (fr) | 2006-01-25 | 2007-01-24 | Compositions pyrotechniques generatrices de gaz, comprenant du nitrate d'ammonium stabilise ; composes pyrotechniques correspondants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1976811A1 true EP1976811A1 (fr) | 2008-10-08 |
Family
ID=37025210
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07731511A Withdrawn EP1976811A1 (fr) | 2006-01-25 | 2007-01-24 | Compositions pyrotechniques generatrices de gaz, comprenant du nitrate d'ammonium stabilise ; composes pyrotechniques correspondants |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1976811A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2896497B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007085761A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2444505C1 (ru) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-03-10 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Алтайский государственный технический университет им. И.И. Ползунова" (АлтГТУ) | Газогенерирующий состав на основе нитрата аммония |
| RU2481319C1 (ru) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-05-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Федеральный научно-производственный центр "Алтай" | Твердотопливный газогенерирующий состав |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5386775A (en) * | 1993-06-22 | 1995-02-07 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Azide-free gas generant compositions and processes |
| US5431103A (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-07-11 | Morton International, Inc. | Gas generant compositions |
| US5756929A (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 1998-05-26 | Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc. | Nonazide gas generating compositions |
| JP2005231907A (ja) * | 2000-03-10 | 2005-09-02 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | エアバック用ガス発生剤 |
| US6712918B2 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2004-03-30 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Burn rate enhancement via a transition metal complex of diammonium bitetrazole |
| US6689237B1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-02-10 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Gas generants containing a transition metal complex of ethylenediamine 5,5′-bitetrazole |
| DE202004009449U1 (de) * | 2004-06-15 | 2004-10-28 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh | Gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung |
-
2006
- 2006-01-25 FR FR0650253A patent/FR2896497B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-01-24 EP EP07731511A patent/EP1976811A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-01-24 WO PCT/FR2007/050683 patent/WO2007085761A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2007085761A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2896497B1 (fr) | 2009-02-13 |
| WO2007085761A1 (fr) | 2007-08-02 |
| FR2896497A1 (fr) | 2007-07-27 |
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Inventor name: ROCTON, HUGUES Inventor name: BLANCHARD, HELENE |
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