EP1974362A1 - Generator isolator with inserted resistor - Google Patents

Generator isolator with inserted resistor

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Publication number
EP1974362A1
EP1974362A1 EP07703847A EP07703847A EP1974362A1 EP 1974362 A1 EP1974362 A1 EP 1974362A1 EP 07703847 A EP07703847 A EP 07703847A EP 07703847 A EP07703847 A EP 07703847A EP 1974362 A1 EP1974362 A1 EP 1974362A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
circuit
circuit breaker
contacts
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07703847A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1974362B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Marc Willieme
François Biquez
Denis Frigiere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Areva T&D SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Areva T&D SAS filed Critical Areva T&D SAS
Publication of EP1974362A1 publication Critical patent/EP1974362A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1974362B1 publication Critical patent/EP1974362B1/en
Revoked legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H01H33/168—Impedances connected with contacts the impedance being inserted both while closing and while opening the switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/002—Very heavy-current switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electrical equipment equipping the energy evacuation devices of alternators in power generation plants.
  • the invention relates to increasing the performance by interrupting the short-circuit current by inserting a resistor.
  • the invention relates to a generator circuit breaker comprising a first main circuit switch connected in parallel with a second auxiliary cutoff switch associated with a fixed value resistor.
  • a safety option is to have a circuit breaker to isolate the circuit before the transformer connected to a power line.
  • This type of switchgear under a voltage of the order of 15 kV to 36 kV, then performs the functions of passing strong permanent current (of the order of several thousand amperes) and breaking high fault current. (of the order of tens of thousands of amperes), while isolating the circuit.
  • the cut is performed in two stages by two switches in parallel, one permitting the passage of permanent nominal current and the other ensuring the breaking of the current of short circuit.
  • the main circuit switch contacts for these generator circuit breakers are large enough to withstand high nominal currents without overheating, and they define a relatively large volume.
  • the cut-off switch conventionally comprises a bulb of small dimensions disposed inside this volume and comprising movable arcing contacts relative to each other, which in fact support only the breaking current of the breaker.
  • the contacts of the two switches extend in the same longitudinal direction and are displaced in translation parallel to this direction; the main contacts first deviate and travel a sufficient distance before the current is switched on the arcing contacts, which then open and cause the interruption of the current.
  • the currents flowing in the generator circuit breakers can be of such intensity that the dimensioning of the switches becomes problematic.
  • the short-circuit currents can reach several hundred kiloamperes, which considerably increases the cost of the associated breaking chamber.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the above disadvantages by providing generator circuit breakers in which the performance of the short-circuit current is increased, for which it is not necessary to develop a special breaking chamber that is compatible with such intense currents.
  • This objective is achieved by inserting a resistor using an auxiliary switch, the resistance value being much greater than that of the switch but limited to obtain a reduction in the voltage recovery rate after cutoff.
  • the invention relates in one aspect to a generator circuit breaker comprising a main switch, which may in particular be composed of a circuit breaker, in parallel with an auxiliary circuit cutoff, comprising for example a light bulb empty, each being associated with control means.
  • the circuit breaker further comprises synchronization means, preferably associated with the control means, allowing, during a break, to separate successively and in this order the contacts of the first main switch, then the second auxiliary switch.
  • the same control means comprise these synchronization means and allow, by a single command, the successive implementation of each of the elements.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention comprises a resistor of fixed ohmic value inserted on the auxiliary circuit, placed in series with the second switch.
  • the value of the resistance is superior of an order 10,000 or even ten million, the resistance of the first main switch, between 0.1 to 40 ⁇ , and preferably between 0.1 and 10 ⁇ .
  • synchronization means make it possible, during closure, to contact the contacts of the first switch before contacting the contacts of the second switch.
  • Figures 1 schematically illustrate the breaking principle of a conventional generator circuit breaker ( Figure IA) and according to the invention ( Figures IB and IC).
  • Figure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the circuit breaker according to the invention.
  • a second cut-off switch 2 is connected in parallel with the first switch 1 in order to perform the function of breaking the short-circuit current I sc , the opening of the first switch 1 actually switching the current of the nominal circuit 5 on this cutoff circuit 7; the contacts of this second switch 2, for example tungsten, are of limited performance with respect to the passage of the rated current I, but have a high breaking capacity.
  • Document EP 1 117 114 proposes to insert an arc generating device to facilitate the action of the second cutoff switch, which however increases the circuit breaker, both in terms of size and economy.
  • FIG. 1B a different cut-off principle, illustrated in FIG. 1B, was then considered preferable: two switches 10, 20 are connected in parallel on a main circuit 5 and an auxiliary circuit 7, each of the switches comprising at least one pair of movable contacts relative to each other.
  • the opening of the main switch 10 allows the actual breaking of the current I sc in conditions made favorable by the presence of a resistor placed at its terminals, the auxiliary switch 20 for a final cut.
  • the rate of increase of the recovery voltage (VATR) across the switch 10 is reduced. It is significantly reduced with a value between 0.1 and 10 ohms. Indeed, in the absence of the resistance insertion circuit 7, the opening of the switch 10 and the interruption of the current give rise to a very high VATR indicated by the standards, for example 4 to 6 kV / ⁇ s .
  • the presence of the additional resistor 30 makes it possible to significantly reduce the VATR, typically from 0.01 kV / ⁇ s to 1 kV / ⁇ s, and thus facilitates the interruption of the current by delaying the increase of the voltage across the terminals.
  • the cut-off function can be performed initially at a lower cost by the switch 10 of the main circuit 5.
  • the opening of the second auxiliary switch 20 is caused, preferably by the same control means, to ensure the definitive breaking of the current.
  • the resistive current I r established in the auxiliary branch 7 of the circuit is much smaller than the current Io flowing in the main circuit 5, which is almost identical to the nominal current I or to the short-circuit current I sc .
  • the switch cutoff 20 may be sized appropriately, and especially for a lower intensity, for a reduced current I r much less than I sc .
  • the auxiliary switch 20 may be a gas-off chamber, but, in particular, it becomes possible thanks to the invention to use a vacuum interrupter 20 '(shown schematically in FIG. 1C) although the intensity of the current short circuit a priori suggests a dimensioning too expensive or impossible for this type of interruption device for a conventional circuit breaker.
  • the insertion of the resistor 30 allows a much easier dimensioning of the main breaking chamber 10.
  • the adjustment of the value R of the resistor 30 makes it possible to optimize the torque of the main chamber 10 / auxiliary chamber 20: if R decreases, the first switch 10 is less stressed and the second 20 is more, and vice versa.
  • the main switch 10 can also be a SF 6 gas-type switching chamber.
  • the first switch 10 'itself consists of a circuit breaker comprising two switches 12, 14 in parallel on two branches 52, 4 of the main circuit 5.
  • FIG. 2 A practical embodiment is for example illustrated, purely for information and schematic, in FIG. 2, in which the upper part represents the closed circuit breaker 40, and the lower part the current passing through the bus bars 42, 44 cut.
  • the circuit breaker 40 is advantageously secured to the ground 46 in a fixed manner between a central alternator coupled to the first busbar 42 and a high-voltage transformer coupled to the second busbar 44.
  • the synchronization means 50 may for example comprise a sliding rod, at its end, in an inclined slot allowing the delay in opening.
  • the configuration shown, in which the vacuum bulb 20 'is above the pole of the circuit breaker 40, can naturally be replaced by an auxiliary switch 20 located on a horizontal plane at the axis AA of the first switch 10, or any other plane by rotating the bulb around this axis AA.
  • the resistors 30 can be anywhere in the circuit breaker 40 where space is available.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention may further comprise a third switch 60 in series with the second switch 20, for purposes of section and not of cut-off, in order to avoid a drop in dielectric strength of the second switch 20 which could accidentally allow the current flow in the branch 7 associated.
  • a third switch 60 in series with the second switch 20, for purposes of section and not of cut-off, in order to avoid a drop in dielectric strength of the second switch 20 which could accidentally allow the current flow in the branch 7 associated.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

An alternator disconnector circuit-breaker of the invention presents a resistance (30) in series with the circuit-breaker switch (20′); the resistance (30) is of fixed ohmic value that is about 104 times greater than the value of the resistance of the main circuit of the circuit-breaker. By means of this configuration, it is possible to use a vacuum chamber as the circuit-breaker switch (20′), and to dimension the main switch (10), which, de facto, breaks the current even for very high short-circuit currents, under more advantageous conditions.

Description

DISJONCTEUR DE GENERATEUR AVEC RESISTANCE INSEREE GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH INSERTED RESISTANCE
DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION
DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA
L' invention se rapporte au domaine de l'appareillage électrique équipant les dispositifs d'évacuation d'énergie des alternateurs dans les centrales de production d'énergie. L'invention concerne l'augmentation des performances en interruption du courant de court-circuit par l'insertion d'une résistance .The invention relates to the field of electrical equipment equipping the energy evacuation devices of alternators in power generation plants. The invention relates to increasing the performance by interrupting the short-circuit current by inserting a resistor.
Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne un disjoncteur de générateur comprenant un premier interrupteur de circuit principal mis en parallèle avec un deuxième interrupteur auxiliaire de coupure associé à une résistance de valeur fixe.More particularly, the invention relates to a generator circuit breaker comprising a first main circuit switch connected in parallel with a second auxiliary cutoff switch associated with a fixed value resistor.
ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURESTATE OF THE PRIOR ART
En sortie de centrale, par exemple pour chaque alternateur, une option de sécurité est de disposer d'un disjoncteur permettant d'isoler le circuit concerné avant le transformateur relié à une ligne de transport d'énergie. Ce type d'appareillage, sous une tension de l'ordre de 15 kV à 36 kV, assure alors les fonctions de passage de fort courant permanent (de l'ordre de plusieurs milliers d'ampères) et de coupure de fort courant de défaut (de l'ordre de plusieurs dizaines de milliers d'ampères), tout en isolant le circuit. Au vu de l'intensité de courant présente à titre nominal dans le circuit, la coupure est effectuée en deux étapes grâce à deux interrupteurs en parallèle, l'un permettant le passage de courant nominal permanent et l'autre assurant la coupure du courant de court- circuit. Bien que de principe à priori similaire aux autres disjoncteurs, et notamment aux disjoncteurs hybrides haute et très haute tension, les dispositifs de coupure d'alternateur subissent ainsi des contraintes de puissance qui ne permettent pas d'appliquer les mêmes conceptions quant à l'agencement et l' actionnement des différents éléments.At the output of the plant, for example for each alternator, a safety option is to have a circuit breaker to isolate the circuit before the transformer connected to a power line. This type of switchgear, under a voltage of the order of 15 kV to 36 kV, then performs the functions of passing strong permanent current (of the order of several thousand amperes) and breaking high fault current. (of the order of tens of thousands of amperes), while isolating the circuit. In view of the current intensity present as nominal in the circuit, the cut is performed in two stages by two switches in parallel, one permitting the passage of permanent nominal current and the other ensuring the breaking of the current of short circuit. Although in principle similar to other circuit breakers, and in particular to high and very high voltage hybrid circuit breakers, alternator breaking devices thus suffer from power constraints that do not allow the same designs to be applied to the arrangement. and the actuation of the various elements.
Les contacts de l'interrupteur du circuit principal pour ces disjoncteurs de générateur sont suffisamment massifs pour supporter des courants nominaux élevés sans s'échauffer exagérément, et ils définissent un volume relativement important. L' interrupteur de coupure comprend classiquement une ampoule de dimensions réduites, disposée à l'intérieur de ce volume et comprenant des contacts d'arc mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre, qui ne supportent de fait que le courant de coupure du disjoncteur.The main circuit switch contacts for these generator circuit breakers are large enough to withstand high nominal currents without overheating, and they define a relatively large volume. The cut-off switch conventionally comprises a bulb of small dimensions disposed inside this volume and comprising movable arcing contacts relative to each other, which in fact support only the breaking current of the breaker.
De façon usuelle, les contacts des deux interrupteurs s'étendent dans la même direction longitudinale et sont déplacés en translation parallèlement à cette direction ; les contacts principaux s'écartent tout d'abord et parcourent une distance suffisante avant que le courant ne soit commuté sur les contacts d'arc, qui s'ouvrent alors et provoquent l'interruption du courant. II apparaît cependant que les courants circulant dans les disjoncteurs de générateur peuvent être d' intensité telle que le dimensionnement des interrupteurs devient problématique. En particulier, les courants de court-circuit peuvent atteindre plusieurs centaines de kiloampères, ce qui augmente considérablement le coût de la chambre de coupure associée .In the usual way, the contacts of the two switches extend in the same longitudinal direction and are displaced in translation parallel to this direction; the main contacts first deviate and travel a sufficient distance before the current is switched on the arcing contacts, which then open and cause the interruption of the current. It appears however that the currents flowing in the generator circuit breakers can be of such intensity that the dimensioning of the switches becomes problematic. In particular, the short-circuit currents can reach several hundred kiloamperes, which considerably increases the cost of the associated breaking chamber.
Il est connu que pour limiter des surtensions sur les réseaux HT, on peut utiliser des résistances de fermeture dont la valeur est de l'ordre de grandeur de l'impédance d'onde du circuit, ou impédance caractéristique (par exemple d'une valeur de 450 Ohms selon le tableau V en page 58 de la norme CEI56 1997 ; voir également CIGRE 1970 article 13.14 « surtension de manœuvre dans les réseaux HT et THT » par Baltensperger et Ruoss page 9 §5.2.2 : « la valeur ohmique optimale se situe entre la moitié et le double de l'impédance caractéristique de la ligne ») . II est connu du brevet US 4,419,552 d' insérer une résistance de grande valeur typiquement 500 Ohms dans un interrupteur secondaire d'un disjoncteur afin de limiter les surtensions de manœuvre d'un réseau haute tension typiquement de l'ordre de 1000 kV.It is known that to limit overvoltages on HV networks, it is possible to use closing resistors whose value is of the order of magnitude of the wave impedance of the circuit, or characteristic impedance (for example of a value 450 Ohms according to table V on page 58 of the standard CEI56 1997, see also CIGRE 1970 article 13.14 "switching overvoltage in HV and THT networks" by Baltensperger and Ruoss page 9 §5.2.2: "the optimum ohmic value is between half and twice the characteristic impedance of the line "). It is known from US Pat. No. 4,419,552 to insert a resistor of large value typically 500 Ohms in a secondary switch of a circuit breaker in order to limit the switching overvoltages of a high voltage network typically of the order of 1000 kV.
EXPOSÉ DE L' INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
L'invention a pour objet de pallier les inconvénients précédents en fournissant des disjoncteurs de générateurs dans lesquels la performance du courant de court-circuit est augmentée , pour lesquels il n'est pas nécessaire de développer une chambre de coupure spéciale qui soit compatible avec des courants aussi intenses. Cet objectif est atteint en insérant une résistance à l'aide d'un interrupteur auxiliaire, la valeur de résistance étant très supérieure à celle de l'interrupteur mais limitée pour obtenir une réduction de la vitesse de rétablissement de tension après coupure.The object of the invention is to overcome the above disadvantages by providing generator circuit breakers in which the performance of the short-circuit current is increased, for which it is not necessary to develop a special breaking chamber that is compatible with such intense currents. This objective is achieved by inserting a resistor using an auxiliary switch, the resistance value being much greater than that of the switch but limited to obtain a reduction in the voltage recovery rate after cutoff.
Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne sous l'un de ses aspects un disjoncteur de générateur comprenant un interrupteur principal, qui peut notamment lui-même être composé d'un disjoncteur, en parallèle avec un circuit auxiliaire de coupure, comprenant par exemple une ampoule à vide, chacun étant associé à des moyens de commande. Le disjoncteur comprend en outre des moyens de synchronisation, associés de préférence aux moyens de commande, permettant, lors d'une coupure, de séparer successivement et dans cet ordre les contacts du premier interrupteur principal, puis du deuxième interrupteur auxiliaire. De préférence, les mêmes moyens de commande comprennent ces moyens de synchronisation et permettent, par une commande unique, la mise en œuvre successive de chacun des éléments. Selon l'invention, afin de pouvoir supporter des courants de court-circuit très élevés sans dimensionnement excessif, le disjoncteur selon l'invention comprend une résistance de valeur ohmique fixe insérée sur le circuit auxiliaire, mise en série avec le deuxième interrupteur. La valeur de la résistance est supérieure d'un ordre 10 000, voire dix millions, à la résistance du premier interrupteur principal, comprise entre 0,1 à 40 Ω, et avantageusement entre 0,1 et 10 Ω.More particularly, the invention relates in one aspect to a generator circuit breaker comprising a main switch, which may in particular be composed of a circuit breaker, in parallel with an auxiliary circuit cutoff, comprising for example a light bulb empty, each being associated with control means. The circuit breaker further comprises synchronization means, preferably associated with the control means, allowing, during a break, to separate successively and in this order the contacts of the first main switch, then the second auxiliary switch. Preferably, the same control means comprise these synchronization means and allow, by a single command, the successive implementation of each of the elements. According to the invention, in order to be able to withstand very high short-circuit currents without excessive sizing, the circuit breaker according to the invention comprises a resistor of fixed ohmic value inserted on the auxiliary circuit, placed in series with the second switch. The value of the resistance is superior of an order 10,000 or even ten million, the resistance of the first main switch, between 0.1 to 40 Ω, and preferably between 0.1 and 10 Ω.
Avantageusement, des moyens de synchronisation permettent, lors d'une fermeture, de mettre en contact, les contacts du premier interrupteur avant de mettre en contact les contacts du second interrupteur .Advantageously, synchronization means make it possible, during closure, to contact the contacts of the first switch before contacting the contacts of the second switch.
BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description qui va suivre et en référence aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre illustratif et nullement limitatifs . Les figures 1 illustrent schématiquement le principe de coupure d'un disjoncteur de générateur classique (figure IA) et selon l'invention (figures IB et IC) .The features and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of illustration and in no way limitative. Figures 1 schematically illustrate the breaking principle of a conventional generator circuit breaker (Figure IA) and according to the invention (Figures IB and IC).
La figure 2 montre un mode de réalisation préféré du disjoncteur selon l'invention.Figure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the circuit breaker according to the invention.
EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
Pour un disjoncteur disposé en sortie d'alternateur, soumis à des conditions de fonctionnement très différentes d'un disjoncteur de ligne haute tension, et dont le principe est schématisé sur la figure IA, classiquement, le passage d'un courant I d'une intensité nominale supérieure à plusieurs milliers d'ampères nécessite l'utilisation sur le circuit principal d'un interrupteur 1 dont les contacts sont particulièrement conducteurs, par exemple en cuivre ; leur pouvoir de coupure d'un courant de court-circuit Isc est cependant limité en raison de la génération d'arcs électriques. Un deuxième interrupteur 2 de coupure est mis en parallèle avec le premier interrupteur 1 afin d'effectuer la fonction de coupure du courant de court-circuit Isc, l'ouverture du premier interrupteur 1 commutant de fait le courant du circuit nominal 5 sur ce circuit de coupure 7 ; les contacts de ce deuxième interrupteur 2, par exemple en tungstène, sont de performance limitée en ce qui concerne le passage du courant nominal I, mais possèdent un fort pouvoir de coupure.For a circuit breaker disposed at the output of the alternator, subjected to very different operating conditions of a high-voltage line circuit breaker, and whose principle is shown schematically in FIG. 1A, conventionally, the passage of a current I of a rated current greater than several thousand amperes requires the use on the main circuit of a switch 1 whose contacts are particularly conductive, for example copper; their breaking capacity of a short-circuit current I sc is however limited because of the generation of electric arcs. A second cut-off switch 2 is connected in parallel with the first switch 1 in order to perform the function of breaking the short-circuit current I sc , the opening of the first switch 1 actually switching the current of the nominal circuit 5 on this cutoff circuit 7; the contacts of this second switch 2, for example tungsten, are of limited performance with respect to the passage of the rated current I, but have a high breaking capacity.
Ainsi, les fonctions de transmission du courant permanent I et de coupure de courant de court- circuit Isc sont séparées : en cas de sollicitation, le premier interrupteur 1 est tout d'abord activé, le courant passe alors totalement dans le circuit auxiliaire 7 et l'ouverture du deuxième interrupteur 2 permet d'obtenir la fonction de coupure.Thus, the functions of transmission of the permanent current I and of the short circuit current I sc are separated: in the event of a load, the first switch 1 is first activated, the current then flows completely into the auxiliary circuit 7 and the opening of the second switch 2 makes it possible to obtain the breaking function.
Il apparaît cependant que le développement et la réalisation de ce type de disjoncteur sont coûteux et complexes pour des courants d'extrême intensité, notamment pour des courants de coupure supérieurs à plusieurs centaines de kiloampères.However, it appears that the development and realization of this type of circuit breaker are expensive and complex for currents of extreme intensity, especially for breaking currents greater than several hundred kiloamperes.
Une manière de réduire les coûts de développement de tels disjoncteurs est d'associer à un appareil connu des éléments permettant de faciliter la coupure d'intenses courants de court-circuit. Le document EP 1 117 114 propose par exemple d'insérer un dispositif générateur d'arc pour faciliter l'action du deuxième interrupteur de coupure, ce qui alourdit cependant le disjoncteur, tant au point de vue encombrement qu'économique.One way to reduce the development costs of such circuit breakers is to associate with a known device elements to facilitate the cutting of intense short circuit currents. Document EP 1 117 114 for example proposes to insert an arc generating device to facilitate the action of the second cutoff switch, which however increases the circuit breaker, both in terms of size and economy.
Selon l'invention, un principe différent de coupure, illustré en figure IB, a été alors considéré comme préférable : deux interrupteurs 10, 20 sont mis en parallèle sur un circuit principal 5 et un circuit auxiliaire 7, chacun des interrupteurs comprenant au moins une paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre. Lors d'une sollicitation, l'ouverture de l'interrupteur principal 10 permet la coupure effective du courant Isc dans des conditions rendues favorables par la présence d'une résistance placée à ses bornes, l'interrupteur auxiliaire 20 permettant une coupure définitive.According to the invention, a different cut-off principle, illustrated in FIG. 1B, was then considered preferable: two switches 10, 20 are connected in parallel on a main circuit 5 and an auxiliary circuit 7, each of the switches comprising at least one pair of movable contacts relative to each other. During a solicitation, the opening of the main switch 10 allows the actual breaking of the current I sc in conditions made favorable by the presence of a resistor placed at its terminals, the auxiliary switch 20 for a final cut.
A cette fin entre autres, une résistance 30 de valeur déterminée R est placée sur le circuit auxiliaire 7, en série avec l'interrupteur 20. Cette résistance d'insertion 30 garantit un passage de courant Ir = I - Io négligeable dans la branche auxiliaire 7, même dans le cas de courant de coupure. La valeur R de la résistance 30 est ainsi choisie très supérieure à la valeur de la résistance de l'interrupteur principal 10, ou même du circuit principal 5, par exemple de 104 ou 105 à 107 fois plus ; en particulier, un interrupteur 10 utilisé pour ce type de disjoncteur de générateur a classiquement une résistance de l'ordre de quelques millionièmes à quelques dizaines de millionièmes d'Ohms, et la résistance 30 utilisée est de l'ordre du dixième d'Ohm à la dizaine d'Ohms par exemple 40 Ohms, avantageusement R = 1 Ω.For this purpose among others, a resistance 30 of determined value R is placed on the auxiliary circuit 7, in series with the switch 20. This insertion resistance 30 ensures a negligible current flow I r = I - Io in the branch auxiliary 7, even in the case of breaking current. The value R of the resistor 30 is thus chosen much greater than the value of the resistance of the main switch 10, or even of the main circuit 5, for example 10 4 or 10 5 to 10 7 times more; in particular, a switch 10 used for this type of generator circuit breaker conventionally has a resistance of the order of a few millionths to a few tens of millionths of a second, and the resistor used is of the order of one tenth of Ohm at the ten Ohms for example 40 Ohms, advantageously R = 1 Ω.
Par la présence de cette résistance auxiliaire constante 30 de valeur comprise entre 0,1 et 40 Ohms, la vitesse d'accroissement de la tension de rétablissement (VATR) aux bornes de l'interrupteur 10 est réduite. Elle est significativement réduite avec une valeur comprise entre 0,1 et 10 Ohms. En effet, en l'absence du circuit d'insertion de résistance 7, l'ouverture de l'interrupteur 10 et l'interruption du courant donnent lieu à une VATR très élevée indiquée par les normes, par exemple 4 à 6 kV/μs . La présence de la résistance additionnelle 30 permet de réduire la VATR de façon importante, typiquement de 0,01 kV/μs à 1 kV/μs, et donc facilite l'interruption du courant en retardant l'accroissement de la tension aux bornes de l'interrupteur 10. Ainsi, la fonction de coupure peut être accomplie dans un premier temps à moindres frais par l'interrupteur 10 du circuit principal 5. Suite à l'ouverture du premier interrupteur 10, par exemple par action d'un mécanisme de commande entraînant la séparation de ses contacts, l'ouverture du deuxième interrupteur auxiliaire 20 est provoquée, de préférence par les mêmes moyens de commande, afin d'assurer la coupure définitive du courant. Selon l'invention, le courant résistif Ir établi dans la branche auxiliaire 7 du circuit est très inférieur au courant Io circulant dans le circuit principal 5, qui est quasiment identique au courant nominal I ou au courant de court-circuit Isc. Grâce à la présence de la résistance 30, l'interrupteur de coupure 20 peut être dimensionné de façon appropriée, et notamment pour une intensité moindre, pour un courant réduit Ir très inférieur à Isc.By the presence of this constant auxiliary resistance value of between 0.1 and 40 ohms, the rate of increase of the recovery voltage (VATR) across the switch 10 is reduced. It is significantly reduced with a value between 0.1 and 10 ohms. Indeed, in the absence of the resistance insertion circuit 7, the opening of the switch 10 and the interruption of the current give rise to a very high VATR indicated by the standards, for example 4 to 6 kV / μs . The presence of the additional resistor 30 makes it possible to significantly reduce the VATR, typically from 0.01 kV / μs to 1 kV / μs, and thus facilitates the interruption of the current by delaying the increase of the voltage across the terminals. In this way, the cut-off function can be performed initially at a lower cost by the switch 10 of the main circuit 5. Following the opening of the first switch 10, for example by the action of a control mechanism causing the separation of its contacts, the opening of the second auxiliary switch 20 is caused, preferably by the same control means, to ensure the definitive breaking of the current. According to the invention, the resistive current I r established in the auxiliary branch 7 of the circuit is much smaller than the current Io flowing in the main circuit 5, which is almost identical to the nominal current I or to the short-circuit current I sc . Thanks to the presence of the resistor 30, the switch cutoff 20 may be sized appropriately, and especially for a lower intensity, for a reduced current I r much less than I sc .
L'interrupteur auxiliaire 20 peut être une chambre de coupure à gaz, mais, en particulier, il devient possible grâce à l'invention d'utiliser une ampoule à vide 20' (schématisée en figure IC) bien que l'intensité du courant de court-circuit laisse a priori suggérer un dimensionnement trop onéreux, voire impossible de ce type de dispositif d'interruption pour un disjoncteur classique.The auxiliary switch 20 may be a gas-off chamber, but, in particular, it becomes possible thanks to the invention to use a vacuum interrupter 20 '(shown schematically in FIG. 1C) although the intensity of the current short circuit a priori suggests a dimensioning too expensive or impossible for this type of interruption device for a conventional circuit breaker.
Par ailleurs, l'insertion de la résistance 30 permet un dimensionnement beaucoup plus facile de la chambre de coupure principale 10. En effet, l'ajustement de la valeur R de la résistance 30 permet d'optimiser le couple chambre principale 10/chambre auxiliaire 20 : si R diminue, le premier interrupteur 10 est moins sollicité et le deuxième 20 l'est plus, et inversement . L'interrupteur principal 10 peut lui aussi être une chambre de coupure à gaz de type SF6. Avantageusement, selon un mode de réalisation préféré schématisé en figure IC et au vu de l'intensité des courants Io circulant, le premier interrupteur 10' consiste lui-même en un disjoncteur comprenant deux interrupteurs 12, 14 en parallèle sur deux branches 52, 54 du circuit principal 5.Moreover, the insertion of the resistor 30 allows a much easier dimensioning of the main breaking chamber 10. In fact, the adjustment of the value R of the resistor 30 makes it possible to optimize the torque of the main chamber 10 / auxiliary chamber 20: if R decreases, the first switch 10 is less stressed and the second 20 is more, and vice versa. The main switch 10 can also be a SF 6 gas-type switching chamber. Advantageously, according to a preferred embodiment shown schematically in FIG. 1C and in view of the intensity of the circulating currents Io, the first switch 10 'itself consists of a circuit breaker comprising two switches 12, 14 in parallel on two branches 52, 4 of the main circuit 5.
Un mode de réalisation pratique est par exemple illustré, uniquement à titre indicatif et schématique, en figure 2, dans laquelle la partie supérieure représente le disjoncteur 40 fermé, et la partie inférieure le courant passant par les barres omnibus 42, 44 coupé. Le disjoncteur 40 est avantageusement solidarisé au sol 46 de manière fixe, entre un alternateur de centrale couplé au premier jeu de barres 42 et un transformateur haute tension couplé au deuxième jeu de barres 44.A practical embodiment is for example illustrated, purely for information and schematic, in FIG. 2, in which the upper part represents the closed circuit breaker 40, and the lower part the current passing through the bus bars 42, 44 cut. The circuit breaker 40 is advantageously secured to the ground 46 in a fixed manner between a central alternator coupled to the first busbar 42 and a high-voltage transformer coupled to the second busbar 44.
Il est avantageux, tel qu'illustré, pour des raisons de compacité, de disposer l'ampoule à vide 20' selon un angle de 90° par rapport à l'interrupteur principal 10 ; les moyens de synchronisation 50 peuvent par exemple comprendre une tige coulissant, par son extrémité, dans une fente inclinée permettant le retard à l'ouverture. La configuration représentée, dans laquelle l'ampoule à vide 20' est au-dessus du pôle du disjoncteur 40, peut naturellement être remplacée par un interrupteur auxiliaire 20 situé sur un plan horizontal au niveau de l'axe AA du premier interrupteur 10, ou tout autre plan par rotation de l'ampoule autour de cet axe AA. De même, les résistances 30 peuvent se trouver en tout endroit du disjoncteur 40 où de la place est disponible .It is advantageous, as shown, for reasons of compactness, to arrange the vacuum bulb 20 'at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the main switch 10; the synchronization means 50 may for example comprise a sliding rod, at its end, in an inclined slot allowing the delay in opening. The configuration shown, in which the vacuum bulb 20 'is above the pole of the circuit breaker 40, can naturally be replaced by an auxiliary switch 20 located on a horizontal plane at the axis AA of the first switch 10, or any other plane by rotating the bulb around this axis AA. Similarly, the resistors 30 can be anywhere in the circuit breaker 40 where space is available.
Le disjoncteur selon l'invention peut en outre comprendre un troisième interrupteur 60 en série avec le deuxième interrupteur 20, à des fins de section et non de coupure, afin d'éviter une baisse de tenue diélectrique du deuxième interrupteur 20 qui pourrait accidentellement permettre le passage de courant dans la branche 7 associée. L'homme de l'art veillera avantageusement à insérer la résistance selon l'invention, d'une valeur comprise entre 0,1 et 40 Ohms, uniquement lors de la coupure. En effet, dans le cas d'un disjoncteur de générateur, l'insertion de la résistance à la fermeture conduirait à sur-dimensionner celle-ci car cela créerait un échauffement important de la résistance lors d'une manœuvre composée fermeture/ouverture. The circuit breaker according to the invention may further comprise a third switch 60 in series with the second switch 20, for purposes of section and not of cut-off, in order to avoid a drop in dielectric strength of the second switch 20 which could accidentally allow the current flow in the branch 7 associated. Those skilled in the art will advantageously ensure the insertion of the resistance according to the invention, of a value between 0.1 and 40 Ohms, only during the break. Indeed, in the case of a generator circuit breaker, the insertion of the closing resistance would lead to oversize it because it would create a significant heating of the resistance during a maneuver composed closing / opening.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Disjoncteur de générateur (40) comprenant : - un premier interrupteur principal (10) comprenant une première paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre en translation selon un premier axe (AA) ;A generator circuit breaker (40) comprising: - a first main switch (10) comprising a first pair of movable contacts relative to each other in translation along a first axis (AA);
- un deuxième interrupteur auxiliaire (20) de court-circuit comprenant une deuxième paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre, mis en parallèle du premier interrupteur (10) ; le deuxième interrupteur étant associé en série à une résistance- a second short-circuit auxiliary switch (20) comprising a second pair of movable contacts relative to each other, in parallel with the first switch (10); the second switch being associated in series with a resistor
(30) de valeur (R) fixe ; - des moyens de synchronisation (50) permettant, lors d'une interruption, la séparation des contacts du premier interrupteur (10) avant la séparation des contacts du deuxième interrupteur (20) ; caractérisé en ce que la résistance du premier interrupteur (10) est de l'ordre de 10~6 à 10~4 Ω, et la résistance associée est de l'ordre de 0,1 à ^O Ω.(30) of fixed value (R); - Synchronization means (50) for, during an interruption, the separation of the contacts of the first switch (10) before separating the contacts of the second switch (20); characterized in that the resistance of the first switch (10) is of the order of 10 ~ 6 to 10 ~ 4 Ω, and the associated resistor is of the order of 0.1 to ^ O Ω.
2. Disjoncteur de générateur selon la revendication 1 dans lequel la résistance associée est de l'ordre de 0,1 à 10 Ω.2. generator circuit breaker according to claim 1 wherein the associated resistor is of the order of 0.1 to 10 Ω.
3. Disjoncteur de générateur selon la revendication 1 ou 2 dans lequel des moyens de synchronisation permettent, lors d'une fermeture, de mettre en contact, les contacts du premier interrupteur (10) avant de mettre en contact les contacts du second interrupteur (20).3. generator circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2 wherein synchronization means allow, during a closure, to put in contact, the contacts of the first switch (10) before contacting the contacts of the second switch (20).
4. Disjoncteur de générateur selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel le deuxième interrupteur (20') est une ampoule à vide.4. generator circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims wherein the second switch (20 ') is a vacuum interrupter.
5. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 comprenant en outre un troisième interrupteur (60) en série avec le deuxième interrupteur (20) et dans lequel les moyens de synchronisation (50) sont adaptés pour séparer la paire de contacts du deuxième interrupteur (20) avant la paire de contacts du troisième interrupteur (60).5. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 4 further comprising a third switch (60) in series with the second switch (20) and wherein the synchronization means (50) are adapted to separate the pair of contacts of the second switch (20) before the pair of contacts of the third switch (60).
6. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 dans lequel le premier interrupteur (10') est un disjoncteur comprenant deux interrupteurs (12, 14) en parallèle. 6. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the first switch (10 ') is a circuit breaker comprising two switches (12, 14) in parallel.
EP07703847A 2006-01-17 2007-01-15 Generator isolator with inserted resistor Revoked EP1974362B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0650155A FR2896335B1 (en) 2006-01-17 2006-01-17 GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH INSERTED RESISTANCE
PCT/EP2007/050329 WO2007082858A1 (en) 2006-01-17 2007-01-15 Generator isolator with inserted resistor

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EP1974362A1 true EP1974362A1 (en) 2008-10-01
EP1974362B1 EP1974362B1 (en) 2012-05-02

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US (1) US8264803B2 (en)
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CN (1) CN101375357B (en)
AT (1) ATE556421T1 (en)
FR (1) FR2896335B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007082858A1 (en)

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EP2189998A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-26 ABB Technology AG Generator switch arrangement
FR2946790B1 (en) 2009-06-10 2011-07-01 Areva T & D Sa CONTACT FOR MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM BULB WITH IMPROVED ARC BREAKER, VACUUM BULB AND CIRCUIT BREAKER, SUCH AS AN ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER.
FR2946791B1 (en) 2009-06-10 2011-09-23 Areva T & D Sa CONTACT FOR MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM BULB WITH REINFORCED STRUCTURE, VACUUM BULB AND CIRCUIT BREAKER, SUCH AS AN ASSOCIATED ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER.
FR2946792A1 (en) * 2009-06-10 2010-12-17 Areva T & D Sa WINDING FOR CONTACT WITH IMPROVED ENDURANCE MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM BULB, VACUUM BULB AND CIRCUIT BREAKER, SUCH AS AN ASSOCIATED ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER.
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EP1974362B1 (en) 2012-05-02
ATE556421T1 (en) 2012-05-15
FR2896335A1 (en) 2007-07-20
FR2896335B1 (en) 2008-11-14
CN101375357B (en) 2012-04-04
WO2007082858A1 (en) 2007-07-26
US20100220418A1 (en) 2010-09-02
CN101375357A (en) 2009-02-25
US8264803B2 (en) 2012-09-11

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