EP1971723B1 - Point structure of a file of reinforced concrete - Google Patents

Point structure of a file of reinforced concrete Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1971723B1
EP1971723B1 EP07700260A EP07700260A EP1971723B1 EP 1971723 B1 EP1971723 B1 EP 1971723B1 EP 07700260 A EP07700260 A EP 07700260A EP 07700260 A EP07700260 A EP 07700260A EP 1971723 B1 EP1971723 B1 EP 1971723B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pile
point
compression
reinforced concrete
edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07700260A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1971723A4 (en
EP1971723A1 (en
Inventor
Juha Kinnunen
Kari Koivunen
Tero Kokkonen
Ari Taskinen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lujabetoni Oy
Original Assignee
Lujabetoni Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lujabetoni Oy filed Critical Lujabetoni Oy
Publication of EP1971723A1 publication Critical patent/EP1971723A1/en
Publication of EP1971723A4 publication Critical patent/EP1971723A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1971723B1 publication Critical patent/EP1971723B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/52—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
    • E02D5/30—Prefabricated piles made of concrete or reinforced concrete or made of steel and concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/72—Pile shoes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • US 41992277 A discloses a point structure according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to remove the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to present a new kind of point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete, with which the stresses directed towards the point of the pile can be controlled and guided so that the breaking of the point of the pile when being hit can be avoided.
  • a point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete according to the present invention is characterized in Claim 1.
  • a point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete according to the present invention is provided with a domed point of a pile at the end of the pile, made of steel and having a bottom and a circulating edge, installed afterwards outside of the point of the pile.
  • compression organs which have been organized to form a powerful transverse compression in the area of the point of the pile inside the domed point of pile when pushing the pile into the point of the pile.
  • the compression surface of the compression organ is transverse in relation to the lengthwise direction, and oblong, essentially a surface circulating the pile, i.e. a flexible ridge with appropriate rigidity, which is pressed tightly into the casing of the pile.
  • the compression surface being under 50 %, for example 10 - 20 % of the inner surface of the edge of the point of the pile. The compression is gotten to be stronger and more accurately focused and more effective when it influences only a part of the end of the pile.
  • the compression organs according to the present invention are located symmetrically in relation to the centre axle of the pile, for example on opposite sides or most preferably evenly on each side of the pile when the piles to be used have a rectangular quadrangle cross section, such as a square.
  • the compression according to the present invention can be realized with separate compression organs installed inside the point of the pile, it has been found that a preferable and functioning solution is one in which the compression organ is formed by a form, bevel-walled protrusion, ridge or the like of the edge of the point of the pile, extending inwards, that partly gives way and presses outwards from its free form when the pile is being pushed inside the point of the pile.
  • an equalizer of forces is provided that is organized to distribute evenly the effect of the impact force between the end of the pile and the bottom of the point of the pile in the area of the end of the pile. Roughness of various kinds may be found in the cut end of the pile. When the cut has been made on site, the cut surface is seldom perfectly smooth. Also, a part of the reinforcement may be left protruding somewhat from the cut surface. Thus, the pile impacts the bottom of the point of the pile unevenly which easily breaks either the concrete head of the pile or the point of the pile or even both. In this case, the equalizer between the bottom and the pile prevents the breakage and equalizes and guides the occurring impact forces as a homogenous impact on the entire surface area of the point of the pile.
  • a preferable and easy as well as simple solution for the equalizer is sand or clay or a layer of mass of equivalent substance, which forms itself between the point of the pile and the end of the pile. If this layer is sufficiently thick it will eliminate the roughness at the end of the pile.
  • the thickness of the layer of mass can be for example around 2 - 5 cm.
  • the equalizer can be a board made of a substance that is softer than concrete and steel, such as rubber, plastic or a firm board made of a wood-based substance. Although such a board would have even thickness in free form, it will adjust itself under pressure between the pile and the point of the pile, functioning essentially in the same way as the layer of mass described above.
  • the point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete according to the invention has considerable advantages compared with prior art.
  • the structure according to the present invention allows to efficiently control and guide the forces which impact the lower end of a reinforced concrete pile when it is being driven into the ground either mechanically or hydraulically. Efficient guiding and control of forces prevent the ends of piles from getting damaged even though they are only lightly reinforced.
  • the present invention allows the use of left over cut bits of concrete piles to be used in piling, which has a great economic significance in piling operations.
  • Fig. 1 shows a reinforced concrete pile according to prior art, in which inside the concrete 10 there are vertical 11 and essentially horizontal 12 reinforcement steel bars.
  • the steel bars are placed with varying density into the pile in zones a, b and c.
  • Most of the steel 12 is in the lower end of the pile, i.e. zone a, which first penetrates the ground when the pile is being hit.
  • zone a which first penetrates the ground when the pile is being hit.
  • a domed point of the pile made of steel has been attached, which in Fig. 1 is a ground point 13.
  • the quantity of steel used decreases in the pile closer to the top so that in zone b there is less of steel 12 than in zone a and further, the density of the steel 12 decreases when advancing to zone c.
  • the quantity of steel varies in lengthwise direction according to the required strength of the pile.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second reinforced concrete pile according to prior art. Its structure corresponds to the reinforced concrete pile in Fig. 1 with the distinction, however, that the ground point 13 has been replaced with a rock point 14, which apart from the domed structure has a downwards pointed steel cone 15 and at its point a steel pin 16. The rock point has also been attached to the end of the pile with extra vertical steel bars.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cut reinforced concrete pile 7 in which the reinforcements 11 and 12 are evenly paced upwards from its cut end 8 in the entire length of the pile.
  • the cut end 8 which is done in site conditions is not necessarily perfectly perpendicular in relation to the lengthwise direction of the pile and additionally it may have minor roughness. Because at the end of the cut pile, the quantity of steel bars 12 has not been increased as in the ends of uncut piles, it is clear that the cut end is more likely to split when it is being driven into the ground.
  • a domed point of pile made of steel shown in the lower part of Fig. 3 , which in the present embodiment is a flat head ground point.
  • the point of the pile is provided with a straight and level bottom 3 and edges 4 that rise up from it and which circulate around the entire bottom.
  • a domed structure with closed sides and bottom, and open at the top.
  • Flexible, spring-like functioning compression organs 5 have been formed on the edges 4, i.e. a part of the surface area of the edge boards has been bent to form inwards extending bulges or indents. These compression organs 5 are in each edge 4 of the quadrangle-shaped point of the pile 1.
  • the inwards extensions of the compression organs 5 have been so dimensioned that the distance DI of the opposite compression organs from each other is smaller than the equivalent thickness D2 of the reinforced concrete pile. Furthermore, on top of the domed bottom 3 of the point of the pile 1 a sand layer 6 has been placed to function as an equalizer.
  • the effective powerful forces influence evenly the entire area of the concrete.
  • Fig. 5 and 6 show a second embodiment of the present invention equivalent to Fig. 3 and 4 , in which a steel cone 15 and a steel pin 16 required by the rock point have also been attached to the domed point of the pile. Because the rock point has an acute point and thus is easily guided and bent in hard ground, the structure of the domed point of the pile has been deepened in this embodiment.
  • the edge 4 of the point of the pile 2 is provided with three compression organs 5, placed sequentially in lengthwise direction, that are formed out of forms, such as folds or wavelike structures made in the edge of the steel plate 4.
  • an equalizer 6 i.e. an equalizing layer of the effective forces, made of sand or other appropriate mass, which in its part dampens the impacts focusing on the end of the pile when piling. Furthermore, its purpose is also to even out the forces focusing on the end 8 of the reinforced concrete pile so that no point of the end 8 is impacted by a great point load that is clearly deviating from the rest of the surface area of the end, thus perhaps causing the splitting of the end of the pile.
  • Fig. 3 - 6 show the best embodiments of the present invention but naturally the points of the piles according to the present invention are functioning also provided only with a spring-structured side compression without the dampening layer of mass.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
EP07700260A 2006-01-09 2007-01-09 Point structure of a file of reinforced concrete Not-in-force EP1971723B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20060013A FI20060013A0 (fi) 2006-01-09 2006-01-09 Menetelmä jälkiasennettavan kärkiosan liittämiseksi teräsbetonipaaluun ja teräsbetonipaalun kärkirakenne
PCT/FI2007/000006 WO2007080217A1 (en) 2006-01-09 2007-01-09 Point structure of a file of reinforced concrete

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1971723A1 EP1971723A1 (en) 2008-09-24
EP1971723A4 EP1971723A4 (en) 2009-12-16
EP1971723B1 true EP1971723B1 (en) 2010-08-25

Family

ID=35883827

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07700260A Not-in-force EP1971723B1 (en) 2006-01-09 2007-01-09 Point structure of a file of reinforced concrete
EP07700259A Not-in-force EP1971722B1 (en) 2006-01-09 2007-01-09 Point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07700259A Not-in-force EP1971722B1 (en) 2006-01-09 2007-01-09 Point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1971723B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
AT (2) ATE513951T1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
DE (1) DE602007008680D1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
FI (1) FI20060013A0 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
WO (2) WO2007080216A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104831720B (zh) * 2015-05-22 2016-09-28 南通中远船务工程有限公司 一种桩靴及其使用方法
CN105040664B (zh) * 2015-05-22 2017-01-11 南通中远船务工程有限公司 一种提高风电安装船稳定性的装置及其使用方法
CN106087626B (zh) * 2016-06-07 2019-07-16 浙江大学 小直径钻孔扩底桩反力加载预压方法
ES2687871B2 (es) * 2017-04-28 2020-03-09 Gtceisu Construccion S A Acople de azuche para pilote prefabricado
RU200613U1 (ru) * 2020-06-19 2020-11-02 Сергей Александрович Суворов Свайный наконечник
FI13042Y1 (fi) 2021-09-02 2021-10-25 R Konsultointi Oy Kalliokärki

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3924413A (en) * 1973-12-04 1975-12-09 Jr Richard O Marsh Fittings and the like for pipe piling
US4199277A (en) * 1976-11-26 1980-04-22 Stanley Merjan Piling
US4537534A (en) * 1983-06-27 1985-08-27 Marsh Jr Richard O Drive fit coupling for precast concrete piles
FI85901C (fi) * 1989-09-08 1993-03-02 Leimet Oy Bergsko
GB2261456B (en) * 1991-11-12 1995-08-02 Bing Wing Choy Concrete pile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1971722B1 (en) 2011-06-22
EP1971723A4 (en) 2009-12-16
EP1971722A4 (en) 2009-11-25
ATE478993T1 (de) 2010-09-15
WO2007080216A1 (en) 2007-07-19
EP1971723A1 (en) 2008-09-24
ATE513951T1 (de) 2011-07-15
WO2007080217A1 (en) 2007-07-19
DE602007008680D1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) 2010-10-07
EP1971722A1 (en) 2008-09-24
FI20060013A0 (fi) 2006-01-09

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