EP1968749B1 - Screw-type solid bowl centrifuge - Google Patents

Screw-type solid bowl centrifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1968749B1
EP1968749B1 EP06841363.2A EP06841363A EP1968749B1 EP 1968749 B1 EP1968749 B1 EP 1968749B1 EP 06841363 A EP06841363 A EP 06841363A EP 1968749 B1 EP1968749 B1 EP 1968749B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screw
blade
type solid
bowl centrifuge
main
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EP06841363.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1968749A1 (en
Inventor
Steffen Hruschka
Roger HÜLSMANN
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GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
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GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
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Publication of EP1968749A1 publication Critical patent/EP1968749A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B04B2001/2033—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl with feed accelerator inside the conveying screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B04B2001/2041—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl with baffles, plates, vanes or discs attached to the conveying screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B04B2001/205—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl with special construction of screw thread, e.g. segments, height
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S494/00—Imperforate bowl: centrifugal separators
    • Y10S494/901—Imperforate bowl: centrifugal separators involving mixture containing oil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solid bowl screw centrifuge according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Decanter screws are known from the prior art, in which recesses are provided in the screw blade, such as from DE 41 32 693 A1 , In addition, it is also known to form leaf-segment-like flights, such as from WO 97/23295 , However, these blade segments may extend far into the conical section, which is unfavorable. Furthermore, they are distributed on the circumference of the screw body in its entire area, which has also proved to be less advantageous. In addition, not about additional leaf segments are placed in the conveyor track between the flights, but the blade segments themselves form the screw threads. With the two solutions mentioned above, therefore, can still achieve sufficient profitability of olive oil production.
  • a method, which has proven particularly useful in olive oil production, is from the EP 0 557 758 known.
  • a two-phase separation is carried out in which the oil is separated directly from a solid / water mixture.
  • a gentle inlet of the product is realized via at least one flight away. It is the blade segments in a first flight that is closer to a tapered portion than the other flights are aligned with the blade segments, rotated forward relative to the main scroll, and the other blade segments in the next scroll axially adjacent to the tapered portion are preferably trained or aligned parallel to the main worm blade.
  • the blade segments are arranged in the conveying path, wherein a part of the blade segments in a first of the two screw threads, which is closer in the direction of a tapered portion than the other of the two flights, relative to the main screw blade is rotated forward and wherein a further part of the blade segments is preferably formed parallel to the main worm blade in the axially adjacent next to the tapered section away next worm gear.
  • an auxiliary screw blade in the flight is arranged, which preferably extends over the entire tapered portion of the screw.
  • the power can be increased by about 20% (eg 6t / h instead of 5t / h).
  • the oil yield is increased by about 10%.
  • the solids phase can be adjusted, for example, to a residual moisture content of about 40% to 55%. It is thus possible to meet the essential requirements for a residual moisture content - also depending on the respective regulations to be observed.
  • With the screw according to the invention can be in a preferred embodiment probably improve the two- as well as the three-phase oil recovery, which is occasionally still used.
  • the oil is separated as the liquid phase in a three-phase separation section of a second phase - essentially of water - and a third - essentially solids.
  • the efficiency of various centrifugal separation processes in a three-phase separation can be surprisingly significantly increased again compared to the prior art, as an acceleration of the solid both in the circumferential direction This also results in a better phase separation of the viscoelastic and compressible paste.
  • the incoming paste is compacted in the rotor immediately after it has flowed on to the solid.
  • the screw can also be easily retrofitted to existing centrifuges.
  • the worm according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a process for obtaining oil from fruits and seeds and for better dewatering and / or de-oiling of organic material pulp (for example seed pudding, pulp mash, animal tissues such as fish, egg, adipose tissue cells). It is also prevented that the incoming paste compacts immediately after flowing on impact with the solid in the rotor.
  • organic material pulp for example seed pudding, pulp mash, animal tissues such as fish, egg, adipose tissue cells.
  • the screw is also suitable for dewatering other compressible sludge. Also conceivable is an application in winemaking.
  • the recesses in the screw blades are formed to protrude radially at least into the region of the solid zone (e.g., 70-95%, preferably 70-100% of the screw blade height).
  • the height of the leaf segments is about 0 - 30% lower than the Schneckenblatt cramp.
  • the blade segments are formed as rectangular plates. Also conceivable are trapezoidal, rounded and / or tapered or widening outwardly from the screw body elements.
  • Fig. 1 shows a screw 1 for a solid bowl screw centrifuge - ie a decanter screw - which has a screw body 3 and here a worm body 3 multiple surrounding main screw blade 5, which forms a plurality of flights X1, X2, X3, ... Xn.
  • the main screw blade is inclined at an acute angle to the surface of the screw body in the direction of the tapered end of the screw, ie in the conveying direction for the solid to be discharged. It thus has an angle ⁇ to the screw axis A or to the screw body in the conical region (see below), which is preferably smaller than 90 °.
  • the helical pitch is denoted by ⁇ .
  • a “helical flight” is a helical turn (360 °) of a catchy helix. According to the terminology of this application, they are counted from the liquid discharge and designated X1, X2, X3, ..., Xn.
  • the worm threads X1,... Form a main conveying track 7 for conveying / transporting a material to be processed.
  • the drum 35 with the envelope 23 has in the in Fig. 1 rear portion of a cylindrical section 9 and in his in Fig. 1 follow it front portion on a conically tapering portion 11.
  • the worm blade tapers so that the surrounding envelope curve 23 whose contour corresponds almost to the surrounding drum contour of the only indicated drum 35, tapers from an axial region 13 conically to the region of a solids discharge (not shown here).
  • the worm body 3 tapers for solids discharge also the worm body 3 tapers.
  • a stowage device which closes or blocks the one or both screw flights up to a predetermined radius.
  • two weir-like barbs 34 (of which in Fig. 2 only one can be seen) arranged transversely to the actual screw blades in the two screw flights, which is structurally particularly easy to implement.
  • the decanter can thus by simple conversion, e.g. depending on the nature of the harvested olives used for a two- or a three-phase separation.
  • the first distributor is closer to the cylindrical (in Fig. 1 and 2 right) end of the drum - so to the liquid discharge (not visible here) - out.
  • the second manifold is formed to extend beyond the region 13 that defines the boundary between the conical and cylindrical portions 9 and 11 of the screw 1.
  • this distributor is used with its inlet openings 17 in the centrifugal space or in the drum interior as an inlet for introducing the centrifuged material into the drum.
  • This inlet is particularly suitable for a two-phase operation in which the oil is separated from a mixed phase of the water and the solids.
  • this distributor is used with its inlet openings 19 as an inlet.
  • This inlet is particularly suitable for a three-phase operation in which the oil is separated from a water phase and a solid phase.
  • a second auxiliary worm blade 21 is provided over a limited axial region, which is greater than or at least equal to the axial length a of its inlet openings 17, that viewed from the worm body 3 has a smaller radial extent R2 towards the outside outwardly as the first screw blade 5 with the extension R1.
  • auxiliary worm blade 21 has at least the radial height of the lighter oil phase collecting during operation. Water and solids continue to accumulate outside.
  • the auxiliary worm blade 21 divides from the main worm gear quasi a partial passage 25, which is narrower here than the remaining main track 7.
  • the inlet openings 17 for the two-phase separation are open only in the main path, in the area of the auxiliary track 25, they are closed.
  • Flowing oil can in a two-phase separation such axial region in which the first inlet openings 17 are on the - relative to the conical region - back of the coil - pass without the product flowing into the main web product its flow in the direction of diesstechniksaustragsötechnisch (here right located)).
  • the product - olive porridge - can flow into the remaining area of the main line.
  • the main worm blade has recesses 31 extending inwardly from the outer periphery of the main worm blade, leaving a butt portion of the main worm blade on the worm body.
  • leaf segments 27, 29, which are not fully revolving, are each arranged in the screw flights in a few, preferably only two passages, which preferably have a smaller radial extension than the main screw blade.
  • the centrifuged material should flow in the three-phase separation.
  • the blade segments 27, 29 are located between the recesses 31, that they prevent the formation of an axial flow in this area.
  • the first blade segments 27, 29 in the closer to the tapered portion 11 of the drum - especially just before the transition to the conical region - lying screw X6 are aligned in the direction of the tapered portion 11 forward (the angle gamma to the axis of rotation is greater than in the other leaf segments 29); please refer Fig. 2 ).
  • the conical region 11 of the drum begins with the double screw in the direction of the solids discharge.
  • the centrifuged material guided into the centrifugal space is accelerated to the operating speed.
  • the solid particles settle in a very short time on the drum wall.
  • the screw 1 rotates at a slightly lower or greater speed than the drum and promotes the ejected solid to the conical portion 11 out of the drum.
  • the liquid flows in one phase (two-phase separation) or in two phases (three-phase separation) to the larger drum diameter at the rear end of the drum, where it is possibly derived at different radii.

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  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vollmantel-Schneckenzentrifuge nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a solid bowl screw centrifuge according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Dekanterschnecken bekannt, bei denen Aussparungen im Schneckenblatt vorgesehen sind, so z.B. aus der DE 41 32 693 A1 . Zudem ist es auch bekannt, blattsegmentartige Schneckengänge auszubilden, so beispielsweise aus der WO 97/23295 . Diese Blattsegmente erstrecken sich u.U. jedoch weit bis in den konischen Abschnitt hinein, was unvorteilhaft ist. Ferner sind sie am Umfang des Schneckenkörpers in dessen gesamtem Bereich verteilt, was sich ebenfalls als wenig vorteilhaft herausgestellt hat. Zudem werden nicht etwa zusätzliche Blattsegmente in der Förderbahn zwischen den Schneckengängen aufgestellt, sondern die Blattsegmente selbst bilden an sich die Schneckengänge aus. Mit den beiden vorstehend genannten Lösungen lässt sich daher noch keine genügende Wirtschaftlichkeit der Olivenölgewinnung erreichen.Decanter screws are known from the prior art, in which recesses are provided in the screw blade, such as from DE 41 32 693 A1 , In addition, it is also known to form leaf-segment-like flights, such as from WO 97/23295 , However, these blade segments may extend far into the conical section, which is unfavorable. Furthermore, they are distributed on the circumference of the screw body in its entire area, which has also proved to be less advantageous. In addition, not about additional leaf segments are placed in the conveyor track between the flights, but the blade segments themselves form the screw threads. With the two solutions mentioned above, therefore, can still achieve sufficient profitability of olive oil production.

Ein Verfahren, welches sich bei der Olivenölgewinnung besonders bewährt hat, ist aus der EP 0 557 758 bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird eine ZweiphasenTrennung durchgeführt, bei welcher das Öl direkt von einem Feststoff-/Wassergemisch abgetrennt wird.A method, which has proven particularly useful in olive oil production, is from the EP 0 557 758 known. In this process, a two-phase separation is carried out in which the oil is separated directly from a solid / water mixture.

Deutlich verbessert wird die Effizienz des bekannten Verfahrens insbesondere durch die gattungsgemäße WO 02/38 278 A1 , die über die gattungsgemäßen Merkmale hinaus offenbart, dass in der Förderbahn abschnittsweise zwischen benachbarten Schneckengängen zusätzliche Blattsegmente angeordnet sind, wobei das Schneckenblatt im Bereich der Schneckenblattsegmente mit Aussparungen versehen ist, welche derart ausgebildet sind, daß ein Durchströmen des Schleudergutes zwischen benachbarten Schneckengängen möglich ist.Significantly improved, the efficiency of the known method, in particular by the generic WO 02/38278 A1 , which discloses beyond the generic features addition, that in the conveyor track sections between adjacent flights additional blade segments are arranged, wherein the screw blade is provided in the region of the Schneckenblattsegmente with recesses which are designed such that a flow of the centrifuged material between adjacent flights is possible.

Zum Stand der Technik seinen noch die WO97/22411 A1 , die WO 2005/084814 A1 , die DE 699 20 500 T2 und die EP 0 845 296 A genannt.To the state of the art its still the WO97 / 22411 A1 , the WO 2005/084814 A1 , the DE 699 20 500 T2 and the EP 0 845 296 A called.

Ausgehend von der bewährten Lösung der WO 02/38 278 A1 ist es die Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Konstruktion der Dekanterschnecke möglichst nochmals zu optimieren, um die Verarbeitung von Schlämmen, insbesondere die Ölgewinnung, mit einem Dekanter mit einer derartigen Schnecke zu verbessern..Starting from the proven solution of WO 02/38278 A1 It is the object of the invention to optimize the design of the decanter screw as possible again to improve the processing of sludge, especially the oil production, with a decanter with such a screw.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The invention solves this problem by the features of claim 1.

Damit wird über wenigstens einen Schneckengang weg ein schonender Einlauf des Produktes realisiert. Es sind die Blattsegmente in einem ersten Schneckengang, der näher in Richtung eines sich verjüngenden Abschnitts liegt als die anderen Schneckengänge mit den Blattsegmenten, relativ zum Hauptschneckenblatt vorwärts gedreht ausgerichtet ist und die weiteren Blattsegmente im sich axial vom verjüngenden Abschnitt weg direkt anschließenden nächsten Schneckengang sind vorzugsweise parallel zum Hauptschneckenblatt ausgebildet bzw. ausgerichtet.Thus, a gentle inlet of the product is realized via at least one flight away. It is the blade segments in a first flight that is closer to a tapered portion than the other flights are aligned with the blade segments, rotated forward relative to the main scroll, and the other blade segments in the next scroll axially adjacent to the tapered portion are preferably trained or aligned parallel to the main worm blade.

Besonders bevorzugt sind nur in zwei Schneckengängen die Blattsegmente in der Förderbahn angeordnet, wobei ein Teil der Blattsegmente in einem ersten der beiden Schneckengänge, der näher in Richtung eines sich verjüngenden Abschnitts liegt als der andere der zwei Schneckengänge, relativ zum Hauptschneckenblatt vorwärts gedreht ausgerichtet ist und wobei ein weiterer Teil der Blattsegmente im sich axial vom verjüngenden Abschnitt weg direkt anschließenden nächsten Schneckengang vorzugsweise parallel zum Hauptschneckenblatt ausgebildet ist.Particularly preferably, only in two flights the blade segments are arranged in the conveying path, wherein a part of the blade segments in a first of the two screw threads, which is closer in the direction of a tapered portion than the other of the two flights, relative to the main screw blade is rotated forward and wherein a further part of the blade segments is preferably formed parallel to the main worm blade in the axially adjacent next to the tapered section away next worm gear.

Besonders vorteilhaft ergänzt wird diese Maßnahme mit dem Merkmal, dass im sich verjüngenden Bereich der Schnecke ein Hilfsschneckenblatt im Schneckengang angeordnet ist, das sich vorzugsweise über den gesamten sich verjüngenden Bereich der Schnecke erstreckt.This measure is supplemented particularly advantageously with the feature that in the tapered region of the screw, an auxiliary screw blade in the flight is arranged, which preferably extends over the entire tapered portion of the screw.

Zusammengefaßt kann die Leistung um ca. 20% erhöht werden (z.B. 6t/h statt 5t/h).
Die Ölausbeute wird um ca. 10% erhöht.
Die Feststoffphase lässt sich z.B. auf einen Restfeuchtegehalt von ca. 40% bis 55% einstellen. Es ist damit möglich, den wesentlichen Anforderungen an einen Restfeuchtegehalt - auch in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen einzuhaltenden Bestimmungen - gerecht werden.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Schnecke lassen sich in bevorzugter Ausgestaltung wohl die Zwei- als auch die Dreiphasen-Ölgewinnung verbessern, die gelegentlich noch zum Einsatz kommt. Dabei wird das Öl als Flüssigkeitsphase in einem Dreiphasen-Trennschnitt von einer zweiten Phase - im Wesentlichen aus Wasser - und einer dritten - im Wesentlichen aus Feststoffen - abgetrennt.
Mit der angegebenen Kombination aus Aussparungen und "Zwischen-"Blattsegmenten" in der Förderbahn auf vorzugsweise nur zwei Wendelgängen lässt sich die Effizienz verschiedener der zentrifugalen Trennvorgänge bei einer Dreiphasentrennung überraschend deutlich nochmals gegenüber dem Stand der Technik steigern, da eine Beschleunigung des Feststoffes sowohl in Umfangsrichtung als auch in Axialrichtung erreicht wird. Damit verbunden ist eine bessere Phasentrennung der viskoelastischen und kompressiblen Paste. Dabei wird verhindert, dass die einlaufende Paste unmittelbar nach dem Einströmen beim Auftreffen auf den Feststoff im Rotor kompaktiert.In summary, the power can be increased by about 20% (eg 6t / h instead of 5t / h).
The oil yield is increased by about 10%.
The solids phase can be adjusted, for example, to a residual moisture content of about 40% to 55%. It is thus possible to meet the essential requirements for a residual moisture content - also depending on the respective regulations to be observed.
With the screw according to the invention can be in a preferred embodiment probably improve the two- as well as the three-phase oil recovery, which is occasionally still used. In this case, the oil is separated as the liquid phase in a three-phase separation section of a second phase - essentially of water - and a third - essentially solids.
With the specified combination of recesses and "intermediate" blade segments in the conveying path on preferably only two helical turns, the efficiency of various centrifugal separation processes in a three-phase separation can be surprisingly significantly increased again compared to the prior art, as an acceleration of the solid both in the circumferential direction This also results in a better phase separation of the viscoelastic and compressible paste. the incoming paste is compacted in the rotor immediately after it has flowed on to the solid.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist auch, daß sich die Schnecke auch problemlos bei bestehenden Zentrifugen nachrüsten lässt.It is also particularly advantageous that the screw can also be easily retrofitted to existing centrifuges.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schnecke eignet sich insbesondere zur Anwendung in einem Verfahren zur Ölgewinnung aus Früchten und Saaten und zur besseren Entwässerung und/oder Entölung von Breis aus organischen Materialien (z.B. Saatenbreis, Fruchtfleischmaische, tierische Gewebe wie Fisch, Ei, Fettgewebezellen). Es wird zudem verhindert, dass die einlaufende Paste unmittelbar nach dem Einströmen beim Auftreffen auf den Feststoff im Rotor kompaktiert.The worm according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a process for obtaining oil from fruits and seeds and for better dewatering and / or de-oiling of organic material pulp (for example seed pudding, pulp mash, animal tissues such as fish, egg, adipose tissue cells). It is also prevented that the incoming paste compacts immediately after flowing on impact with the solid in the rotor.

Die Schnecke eignet sich auch zu Entwässerung anderer komprimierbarer Schlämme. Denkbar ist insbesondere auch ein Einsatz bei der Weinherstellung.The screw is also suitable for dewatering other compressible sludge. Also conceivable is an application in winemaking.

Vorzugsweise sind die Aussparungen in den Schneckenblättern derart ausgebildet, daß sie radial zumindest in den Bereich der Feststoffzone ragen (z.B. 70 - 95 %, vorzugsweise 70 - 100 % der Schneckenblatthöhe).Preferably, the recesses in the screw blades are formed to protrude radially at least into the region of the solid zone (e.g., 70-95%, preferably 70-100% of the screw blade height).

Insbesondere ist die Höhe der Blattsegmente ca. 0 - 30% niedriger ist als die Schneckenblatthöhe.In particular, the height of the leaf segments is about 0 - 30% lower than the Schneckenblatthöhe.

Vorzugsweise sind die Blattsegmente als rechtwinklige Bleche ausgebildet. Denkbar sind auch trapezförmige, abgerundete und/oder sich vom Schneckenkörper nach außen verjüngend oder verbreiternd geformte Elemente.Preferably, the blade segments are formed as rectangular plates. Also conceivable are trapezoidal, rounded and / or tapered or widening outwardly from the screw body elements.

Besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind den übrigen Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the remaining subclaims.

Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäßen Vollmantel-Schneckenzentrifuge mit Schnecke ; und
Fig. 2
einen Teil einer Abwicklungsdarstellung der Schnecke aus Fig.l.
Embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1
Section through a solid shell screw centrifuge with screw according to the invention; and
Fig. 2
a part of a development representation of the screw of Fig.l.

Alle möglichen Maßangaben der Beschreibung beziehen sich beispielhaft auf bevorzugte Ausführungen. Ebenso beispielhaft zu verstehen sind Begriffe wie oben, unten usw., die sich jeweils nur auf die gewählten Darstellungen beziehen.All possible dimensions of the description relate by way of example to preferred embodiments. Likewise to be understood by way of example are terms such as above, below, etc., which relate only to the selected representations.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Schnecke 1 für eine Vollmantel-Schneckenzentrifuge - also eine Dekanterschnecke - die einen Schneckenkörper 3 sowie hier ein den Schneckenkörper 3 mehrfach umgebendes Hauptschneckenblatt 5 aufweist, das mehrere Schneckengänge X1, X2, X3, ... Xn ausbildet. Das Hauptschneckenblatt ist spitzwinklig zur Oberfläche des Schneckenkörpers in Richtung des sich verjüngenden Endes der Schnecke geneigt, d.h. in der Förderrichtung für den auszutragenden Feststoff. Es weist damit einen Winkel α zur Schneckenachse A bzw. zum Schneckenkörper im konischen Bereich auf (s.u.), der vorzugsweise kleiner als 90° ist. Die Wendelsteigung ist mit β bezeichnet. Fig. 1 shows a screw 1 for a solid bowl screw centrifuge - ie a decanter screw - which has a screw body 3 and here a worm body 3 multiple surrounding main screw blade 5, which forms a plurality of flights X1, X2, X3, ... Xn. The main screw blade is inclined at an acute angle to the surface of the screw body in the direction of the tapered end of the screw, ie in the conveying direction for the solid to be discharged. It thus has an angle α to the screw axis A or to the screw body in the conical region (see below), which is preferably smaller than 90 °. The helical pitch is denoted by β.

Unter einem "Schneckengang" ist eine Schneckenwindung (360°) einer eingängigen Schnecke zu verstehen. Nach der Terminologie dieser Anmeldung werden sie ausgehend vom Flüssigkeitsaustrag gezählt und mit X1, X2, X3, ..., Xn bezeichnet.A "helical flight" is a helical turn (360 °) of a catchy helix. According to the terminology of this application, they are counted from the liquid discharge and designated X1, X2, X3, ..., Xn.

Die Schneckengänge X1, ... bilden eine Hauptförderbahn 7 zum Fördern/Transport eines zu verarbeitenden Schleudergutes aus.The worm threads X1,... Form a main conveying track 7 for conveying / transporting a material to be processed.

Die Trommel 35 mit der Hüllkurve 23 weist in dem in Fig. 1 hinteren Bereich einen zylindrischen Abschnitt 9 und in seinem in Fig. 1 sich daran anschließenden vorderen Bereich einen sich konisch verjüngenden Abschnitt 11 auf. Dabei verjüngt sich das Schneckenblatt so, dass die umgebende Hüllkurve 23, deren Kontur nahezu der umgebenden Trommelkontur der nur angedeuteten Trommel 35 entspricht, sich ab einem axialen Bereich 13 konisch zum Bereich eines Feststoffaustrags (hier nicht dargestellt) hin verjüngt. Zum Feststoffaustrag hin verjüngt sich auch der Schneckenkörper 3.The drum 35 with the envelope 23 has in the in Fig. 1 rear portion of a cylindrical section 9 and in his in Fig. 1 follow it front portion on a conically tapering portion 11. In this case, the worm blade tapers so that the surrounding envelope curve 23 whose contour corresponds almost to the surrounding drum contour of the only indicated drum 35, tapers from an axial region 13 conically to the region of a solids discharge (not shown here). For solids discharge also the worm body 3 tapers.

Im Übergangsbereich zwischen dem zylindrischen Abschnitt 9 und dem konischen Abschnitt 11 kann eine Staueinrichtung angeordnet sein, die den einen oder beide Schneckengänge bis zu einem vorgegebenen Radius verschließt bzw. versperrt. Hier sind zwei wehrartige Staubleche 34 (von denen in Fig. 2 nur eines zu erkennen ist) in den beiden Schneckengängen quer zu den eigentlichen Schneckenblättern angeordnet, was konstruktiv besonders einfach realisierbar ist.In the transition region between the cylindrical portion 9 and the conical portion 11 may be arranged a stowage device which closes or blocks the one or both screw flights up to a predetermined radius. Here are two weir-like barbs 34 (of which in Fig. 2 only one can be seen) arranged transversely to the actual screw blades in the two screw flights, which is structurally particularly easy to implement.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Schnecke 1 weist die Besonderheit auf, dass sie je nach axialer Länge des austauschbaren Einlaufrohres 15 für eine Zwei- und eine Dreiphasentrennung geeignet ist.In the Fig. 2 illustrated screw 1 has the peculiarity that it is suitable depending on the axial length of the replaceable inlet pipe 15 for a two- and a three-phase separation.

Der Dekanter kann damit durch einfachen Umbau z.B. je nach Beschaffenheit der geernteten Oliven für eine Zwei- oder eine Dreiphasentrennung verwendet werden.The decanter can thus by simple conversion, e.g. depending on the nature of the harvested olives used for a two- or a three-phase separation.

Dabei sind die Besonderheiten der Konstruktion jeweils für die Zwei- und die Dreiphasentrennung auch je für sich nutzbar, wenn die Schnecke 1 nur mit den jeweils zugehörigen Funktionselementen versehen wird. Besonders vorteilhaft ist natürlich die kombinierte Zwei- und Dreiphasenschnecke, da mit ihr das je nach Bedarf und Beschaffenheit optimale Verfahren eingesetzt werden kann.The peculiarities of the construction in each case for the two- and three-phase separation can also be used separately if the worm 1 is provided only with the respectively associated functional elements. Of course, particularly advantageous is the combined two- and three-phase screw because it can be used depending on the needs and nature of optimal process.

Am Schneckenkörper 3 sind zwei in Richtung der Schneckenachse A axial zueinander versetzte Verteiler mit ersten und zweiten Einlauföffnungen 17, 19 ausgebildet.On the worm body 3, two distributors with first and second inlet openings 17, 19 offset axially relative to one another in the direction of the worm axis A are formed.

Der erste Verteiler liegt näher zum zylindrischen (in Fig. 1 und 2 rechten) Ende der Trommel - also zum Flüssigkeitsaustrag (hier nicht zu erkennen) - hin.The first distributor is closer to the cylindrical (in Fig. 1 and 2 right) end of the drum - so to the liquid discharge (not visible here) - out.

Der zweite Verteiler ist derart ausgebildet, dass er sich über den Bereich 13 hinaus erstreckt, der die Begrenzung zwischen dem konischen und dem zylindrischen Abschnitt 9 und 11 der Schnecke 1 darstellt.The second manifold is formed to extend beyond the region 13 that defines the boundary between the conical and cylindrical portions 9 and 11 of the screw 1.

Wird ein kürzeres Einlaufrohr 15 eingesetzt, das hinter dem ersten Verteiler endet, wird dieser Verteiler mit seinen Einlauföffnungen 17 in den Schleuderraum bzw. in den Trommelinnenraum als Einlauf zum Einleiten des Schleudergutes in die Trommel genutzt. Dieser Einlauf eignet sich insbesondere für einen Zweiphasenbetrieb, bei dem das Öl von einer Mischphase aus dem Wasser und den Feststoffen getrennt wird.If a shorter inlet pipe 15 is used, which ends behind the first distributor, this distributor is used with its inlet openings 17 in the centrifugal space or in the drum interior as an inlet for introducing the centrifuged material into the drum. This inlet is particularly suitable for a two-phase operation in which the oil is separated from a mixed phase of the water and the solids.

Wird dagegen ein längeres Einlaufrohr 15 eingesetzt, dass sich axial bis über das Ende des zweiten Verteilers erstreckt, wird dieser Verteiler mit seinen Einlauföffnungen 19 als Einlauf genutzt. Dieser Einlauf eignet sich insbesondere für einen Dreiphasenbetrieb, bei dem das Öl von einer Wasserphase und einer Feststoffphase getrennt wird.If, however, a longer inlet pipe 15 is used, which extends axially beyond the end of the second distributor, this distributor is used with its inlet openings 19 as an inlet. This inlet is particularly suitable for a three-phase operation in which the oil is separated from a water phase and a solid phase.

Im Bereich des ersten Verteilers 17 ist über einen begrenzten axialen Bereich weg, der größer oder zumindest gleich der axialen Länge a seiner Einlauföffnungen 17 ist, ein zweites Hilfsschneckenblatt 21 vorgesehen, dass - vom Schneckenkörper 3 aus betrachtet - nach außen hin eine geringere radiale Erstreckung R2 nach außen hin aufweist als das erste Schneckenblatt 5 mit der Erstreckung R1.In the region of the first distributor 17, a second auxiliary worm blade 21 is provided over a limited axial region, which is greater than or at least equal to the axial length a of its inlet openings 17, that viewed from the worm body 3 has a smaller radial extent R2 towards the outside outwardly as the first screw blade 5 with the extension R1.

Wichtig ist, dass das Hilfsschneckenblatt 21 zumindest die radiale Höhe der sich im Betrieb innen sammelnden leichteren Ölphase aufweist. Wasser und Feststoffe sammeln sich weiter außen.It is important that the auxiliary worm blade 21 has at least the radial height of the lighter oil phase collecting during operation. Water and solids continue to accumulate outside.

Das Hilfsschneckenblatt 21 teilt vom Hauptschneckengang quasi einen Teilgang 25 ab, welcher hier schmaler ist als die verbleibende Hauptbahn 7. Die Einlauföffnungen 17 für die Zweiphasentrennung sind nur in die Hauptbahn hinein geöffnet, im Bereich der Hilfsbahn 25 sind sie geschlossen ausgebildet.The auxiliary worm blade 21 divides from the main worm gear quasi a partial passage 25, which is narrower here than the remaining main track 7. The inlet openings 17 for the two-phase separation are open only in the main path, in the area of the auxiliary track 25, they are closed.

Durchströmendes Öl kann bei einer Zweiphasentrennung derart den axialen Bereich, in dem die ersten Einlauföffnungen 17 liegen, auf der - relativ zum konischen Bereich - Rückseite der Wendel - passieren, ohne dass das in den Hauptbahn einströmende Produkt seinen Fluss in Richtung der Flüssigkeitsaustragsöffnungen (hier rechts gelegen) stört. Das Produkt - Olivenbrei - kann in den verbleibenden Bereich der Hauptbahn einströmen.Flowing oil can in a two-phase separation such axial region in which the first inlet openings 17 are on the - relative to the conical region - back of the coil - pass without the product flowing into the main web product its flow in the direction of Flüssigkeitsaustragsöffnungen (here right located)). The product - olive porridge - can flow into the remaining area of the main line.

Derart wird eine hervorragende Zweiphasentrennung erreicht. Auch bei der Dreiphasentrennung ist ein positiver Einfluss dieser Zone zu bemerken.Such an excellent two-phase separation is achieved. Even with the three-phase separation, a positive influence of this zone can be noticed.

Unterstützt wird das gute Ergebnis der Zweiphasentrennung durch eine Maßnahme, die sich auch auf die Dreiphasentrennung vorteilhaft auswirkt, nämlich durch das Vorsehen eines weiteren Schneckenblattes 33 auch im sich verjüngenden Bereich 11 der Schnecke 1, das sich vorzugsweise über den gesamten sich verjüngenden Bereich bis zu den Feststoffaustragsöffnungen erstreckt und den Hauptbahn zwei hier gleich breite Teilgänge 7a, 7b unterteilt.The good result of the two-phase separation is supported by a measure which also has an advantageous effect on the three-phase separation, namely by the provision of a further screw blade 33 in the tapering region 11 of the screw 1, which preferably extends over the entire tapered region up to the Feststoffaustragsöffnungen extends and divides the main track two here equally wide sections 7a, 7b.

Bei einer Dreiphasentrennung wird - wie bereits erläutert - dass Einlaufrohr 15 gegen eines getauscht, dass sich bis zu den zweiten Einlauföffnungen 19 erstreckt.In a three-phase separation is - as already explained - that inlet pipe 15 exchanged for one that extends to the second inlet openings 19.

Das Hauptschneckenblatt weist Aussparungen 31 auf, die sich vom Außenumfang des Hauptschneckenblatt fensterartig nach innen erstrecken, wobei ein Stumpfbereich des Hauptschneckenblattes am Schneckenkörper stehen bleibt.The main worm blade has recesses 31 extending inwardly from the outer periphery of the main worm blade, leaving a butt portion of the main worm blade on the worm body.

Im Schneckengang sind jeweils in wenigen, vorzugsweise nur in zwei Gängen - nicht voll umlaufende Blattsegmente 27, 29 in den Schneckengängen angeordnet, die vorzugsweise eine geringere radiale Erstreckung aufweisen als das Hauptschneckenblatt. Hier sollte das Schleudergut bei der Dreiphasentrennung einströmen.In the flight, leaf segments 27, 29, which are not fully revolving, are each arranged in the screw flights in a few, preferably only two passages, which preferably have a smaller radial extension than the main screw blade. Here, the centrifuged material should flow in the three-phase separation.

Dabei liegen die Blattsegmente 27, 29 zwischen den Aussparungen 31, dass sie das Ausbilden einer axialen Strömung in diesem Bereich verhindern.In this case, the blade segments 27, 29 are located between the recesses 31, that they prevent the formation of an axial flow in this area.

Die ersten Blattsegmente 27, 29 in dem näher zum sich verjüngenden Abschnitt 11 der Trommel - insbesondere direkt vor dem Übergang zum konischen Bereich - liegenden Schneckengang X6 sind in Richtung des sich verjüngenden Abschnitts 11 vorwärts gedreht ausgerichtet (der Winkel Gamma zur Drehachse ist hier größer als bei den weiteren Blattsegmenten 29); siehe Fig. 2).The first blade segments 27, 29 in the closer to the tapered portion 11 of the drum - especially just before the transition to the conical region - lying screw X6 are aligned in the direction of the tapered portion 11 forward (the angle gamma to the axis of rotation is greater than in the other leaf segments 29); please refer Fig. 2 ).

Die zweiten Blattsegmente 29 direkt im nächsten sich zum Flüssigkeitsaustrag hin anschließenden Schneckengang (X5) im Bereich am bzw. vor den Einlauföffnungen 19 liegen dagegen parallel zum Hauptschneckenblatt 5.In contrast, the second blade segments 29 directly in the next worm passage (X5) adjoining the liquid discharge in the region on or in front of the inlet openings 19 lie parallel to the main worm blade 5.

Nach dem Bereich mit den Aussparungen 31 beginnt in Richtung des Feststoffaustrages direkt der konische Bereich 11 der Trommel (bzw. der Hüllkurve der Schnecke) mit der zweifachen Schnecke.After the region with the recesses 31, the conical region 11 of the drum (or the envelope of the screw) begins with the double screw in the direction of the solids discharge.

Im Trommelraum 19 wird das in den Schleuderraum geleitete Schleudergut auf die Betriebsdrehzahl beschleunigt. Durch Einwirkung der Schwerkraft setzen sich die Feststoffteilchen in kürzester Zeit an der Trommelwand ab.In the drum chamber 19, the centrifuged material guided into the centrifugal space is accelerated to the operating speed. By the action of gravity, the solid particles settle in a very short time on the drum wall.

Die Schnecke 1 rotiert mit einer etwas kleineren oder größeren Geschwindigkeit als die Trommel und fördert den ausgeschleuderten Feststoff zum konischen Abschnitt 11 hin aus der Trommel. Die Flüssigkeit strömt dagegen in einer Phase (Zweiphasentrennung) oder in zwei Phasen (Dreiphasentrennung) zum größeren Trommeldurchmesser am hinteren Ende der Trommel und wird dort ggf. auf verschiedenen Radien abgeleitet. Bezugszeichen Schnecke 1 Schneckenkörper 3 Schneckenblatt 5 Förderbahn 7 Teilgänge 7a, 7b zylindrischer Abschnitt 9 sich verjüngender Abschnitt 11 axialer Bereich 13 Einlaufrohr 15 ersten und zweiten Einlauföffnungen 17, 19 zweites Schneckenblatt 21 Hüllkurve 23 Teilgang 25 Blattsegmente 27, 29 Aussparungen 31 Zweites Schneckenblatt 33 Staublech 34 Trommel 35 Winkel α, β, Segmenthöhe r1,r2,r3 Trommel- und Schneckenachse A The screw 1 rotates at a slightly lower or greater speed than the drum and promotes the ejected solid to the conical portion 11 out of the drum. In contrast, the liquid flows in one phase (two-phase separation) or in two phases (three-phase separation) to the larger drum diameter at the rear end of the drum, where it is possibly derived at different radii. <B> reference numerals </ b> slug 1 screw body 3 screw blade 5 conveyor track 7 part transitions 7a, 7b cylindrical section 9 Rejuvenating section 11 axial area 13 inlet pipe 15 first and second inlet openings 17, 19 second snail leaf 21 envelope 23 part gear 25 leaf segments 27, 29 recesses 31 Second snail leaf 33 baffle 34 drum 35 angle α, β, segment height r1, r2, r3 Drum and screw axis A

Claims (16)

  1. A screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge which has the following:
    - a rotatable drum (35) with a tapering and a cylindrical region (9, 11),
    - a likewise rotatable screw with a screw body,
    - at least one main screw blade (5) which multiply surrounds the screw body (3) and forms a plurality of screw flights (X1, X2, X..., ...),
    - the screw flights (X1, X2,...) forming a conveying path (7) for transporting a centrifuging stock to be processed,
    - additional blade segments (27, 29) being arranged in the conveying path (7) in portions in the screw flights,
    - and the screw blade (5) being provided in the region of the screw blade segments (27, 29) with clearances (31) which are designed in such a way that they allow a throughflow of the centrifuging stock (S) between adjacent screw flights (X, X + 1,...),
    characterized in that
    - the blade segments (27, 29) are arranged in the conveying path (7) in only a few, preferably in only two screw flights (X5, X6),
    - part of the blade segments (27) in a first screw flight (X6) which lies nearer in the direction of a tapering portion (11) than the other screw flight or screw flights (X5) with the blade segments being oriented so as to be turned forward in relation to the main screw blade (5), and
    - a further part of the blade segments (29) in the next screw flight directly following axially further away from the tapering portion being formed preferably parallel to the main screw blade (5).
  2. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that the blade segments (27, 29) are arranged in the conveying path (7) in only two screw flights (X5, X6), at least part of the blade segments (27) in a first of the two screw flights (X6) which lies nearer in the direction of a tapering portion (11) being oriented so as to be turned forward in relation to the main screw blade (5), and a further part of the blade segments (29) in the next screw flight (X5) directly following axially away from the tapering portion (11) being formed parallel to the main screw blade (5).
  3. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an auxiliary screw blade (33) is arranged in the screw flight (7) in the tapering region (11) of the screw (1).
  4. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the auxiliary screw blade (33) extends over the entire tapering region (11) of the screw (1) .
  5. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blade segments (29) in the screw flight (X5) lying nearer to the liquid discharge are oriented parallel to the main screw blade (5).
  6. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clearances (31) extend inward in the manner of a window from the outer circumference of the main screw blade, a blunt region of the main screw blade (5) remaining on the screw body (3).
  7. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blade segments (27, 29) are designed to have a radially lower height than the remaining main screw blade (5).
  8. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clearances (31) extend only over two screw flights.
  9. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a damming device is arranged in the screw flight in the transitional region between the cylindrical portion (9) and the conical portion (11).
  10. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the damming device in the screw flight is formed from one or more damming plates (34) which close the screw flight transversely with respect to the screw blade up to a predetermined radius.
  11. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge, as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    - two distributors off set axially with respect to one another in the direction of the screw axis A and having first and second inflow ports (17, 19) are formed on the screw body (3),
    - the screw (1) has an exchangeable inflow pipe (15), and
    - the first or second inflow ports (17, 19) can be utilized for two-phase or three-phase separation, depending on the axial length of the exchangeable inflow pipe (15).
  12. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second auxiliary screw blade (21) is formed in the conveying path in the region of the first distributor (17) over a limited axial region which is larger than or at least equal to the axial length of its inflow ports (17).
  13. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the second auxiliary screw blade (21) has a smaller radial extent than the first screw blade (5).
  14. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in one of the preceding claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the second auxiliary screw blade (21) has at least the radial height of the lighter oil phase collecting on the inside during operation.
  15. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in one of the preceding claims 3 to 14, characterized in that the auxiliary screw blade (21) separates from the conveying path an auxiliary path (25) which is preferably narrower than the remaining main path and which lies on the rear side of the main screw blade in relation to the conical portion.
  16. The screw-type solid-bowl centrifuge as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for two-phase separation, the inflow ports (17) of the first distributor (17) are designed to be open only into the main path, but to be closed in the region of the auxiliary path (25).
EP06841363.2A 2005-12-22 2006-12-14 Screw-type solid bowl centrifuge Active EP1968749B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005061461A DE102005061461A1 (en) 2005-12-22 2005-12-22 Solid bowl-helical conveyor centrifuge for separating oil from solid/water mixture, exhibits rotatable drum with a tapering cylindrical area, and a rotatable helical conveyor with a conveyor body surrounded by main conveyor sheet
PCT/EP2006/069718 WO2007074076A1 (en) 2005-12-22 2006-12-14 Screw-type solid bowl centrifuge

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EP1968749A1 EP1968749A1 (en) 2008-09-17
EP1968749B1 true EP1968749B1 (en) 2018-06-06

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US (1) US7549957B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1968749B1 (en)
AR (1) AR058115A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2006331435C1 (en)
CL (1) CL2006003689A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102005061461A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2686314T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1968749T (en)
WO (1) WO2007074076A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
WO2007074076A1 (en) 2007-07-05
AU2006331435A1 (en) 2007-07-05
US7549957B2 (en) 2009-06-23
PT1968749T (en) 2018-10-10
US20080312060A1 (en) 2008-12-18
AU2006331435B2 (en) 2011-04-14
DE102005061461A1 (en) 2007-07-05
EP1968749A1 (en) 2008-09-17
AU2006331435C1 (en) 2012-09-13
AR058115A1 (en) 2008-01-23
ES2686314T3 (en) 2018-10-17
CL2006003689A1 (en) 2008-04-04

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