EP1967621A2

EP1967621A2 - Abrasive backing and abrasive cloth

Info

Publication number: EP1967621A2
Application number: EP20080250778
Authority: EP
Inventors: Sang-Soo Jung
Original assignee: Zoomtextileco Ltd
Current assignee: Zoomtextileco Ltd
Priority date: 2007-03-09
Filing date: 2008-03-07
Publication date: 2008-09-10
Also published as: EP1967621A3; US20080220703A1; KR100788295B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to an abrasive backing and abrasive cloth and more particularly, to an abrasive backing including an upper weave layer and a lower weave layer which are comprised with warps and wefts, and a binding yam which connects the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer, wherein the abrasive backing is woven by using the wefts of the upper weave layer having a different thickness from those of the lower weave layer. When the weft of the upper weave layer and that of the lower weave layer have a different thickness, the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer may have uneven surfaces having different details and abrasive coat materials having different grain sizes.

Description

The present invention relates to an abrasive backing and abrasive cloth and more particularly, to an abrasive backing which exhibits high tensile strength, low elongation and excellent smoothness, and an abrasive cloth including the abrasive backing.
Abrasive cloth is a cloth or paper attached with an abrasive material to abrade or remove rust of a metal product. An abrasive article usually includes an abrasive backing, an adhering agent and an abrasive material or the like. When the abrasive backing is fabric, it may be classified by cotton, chemical fiber, fiber blend, non-woven fabric, metal fiber or the like depending on its chemical composition. If necessary, such an abrasive backing may be used as it is or as a combination of two or more components.
In the case of an abrasive belt, an abrasive backing is woven to have a rough surface, so that an abrasive material can be attached firmly according to the grain size of an abrasive material considering adhesive strength and smoothness. An abrasive backing has conventionally been woven with a thread of an appropriate thickness according to the grain size of an abrasive material. Once the thickness of thread is selected, both the front side and the back side of the abrasive material have the same thread thickness which may result in an even surface, so that it may be difficult to coat with an abrasive material having a different grain size. Thus, each different abrasive backing has to be woven separately by controlling a thickness of thread to have a variety of abrasive states, which may cause a burden of overstocks and poor adhesion between abrasive backings even if different abrasive backings are adhered doubly. This may further reduce abrasive efficiency. Therefore, it is highly and continuously demanded not only to improve basic properties, adhesion, and grinding force but also to reduce the burden of overstocks.
Most woven sheets used as an abrasive backing are woven to have more warps than wefts, which satisfy properties such as elongation, tensile strength, adhesion, and smoothness, etc., required for an abrasive cloth. An abrasive cloth of more than 2000mm width is recently in need for the purpose of automating the manufacturing facility for an object to be ground, and improving the productivity.
So far no processing has been conducted in the weft direction to guarantee low elongation and high tensile strength but it is required to produce an abrasive backing and an abrasive cloth having low elongation and high tensile strength in the weft direction, so that it allows manufacturing of ultra wide width abrasive belts such as joining wide width belts.
The present invention is intended, at least in its preferred embodiments, to resolve the problems associated with the conventional technology and to provide an abrasive backing with double weave design which not only improves physical properties and adhesion but also has low elongation and high tensile strength in the weft direction
The present invention is also intended, at least in its preferred embodiments, to provide an abrasive cloth including the abrasive backing.
The present invention provides an abrasive backing including an upper weave layer and a lower weave layer which are formed with warps and wefts, and a binding yarn which connects the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer, in which a thickness of weft yarns of the upper weave layer is different from that of the lower weave layer to weave the abrasive backing.
Here, the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer may be independently woven by a yarn chosen from cotton, wool, silk, hemp, synthetic fiber and its mixed yarn. When hemp among natural fabrics is used, it may be jute. According to an embodiment of the invention, the upper weave layer may be woven by cotton and the lower weave layer by polyester.
At least one of warp and weft yarns forming the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer may include MSV yarns to weave.
The upper weave layer and the lower weave layer may be independently woven into a plain weave, a twill weave, a satin weave or variations thereof and may be woven into same or different weave.
The abrasive backing may be manufactured by a method including: arranging warps of the upper weave layer and warps of the lower weave layer to cross each other; fixing the heddles of the lower weave layer when the wefts are woven into the upper weave layer, and alternatively, fixing the heddles of the upper weave layer when the wefts are woven into the lower weave layer, so that the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer are allowed to be woven simultaneously; and connecting the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer with a binding yarn not to interrupt the composition of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer and not to overlap cross points of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer while the binding yarn passes in the weft direction or in the warp direction.
The present invention further provides an abrasive cloth including the abrasive backing described above, an abrasive material coated to the abrasive backing, and an adhering agent adhering the abrasive backing and the abrasive material.
Here, the abrasive material may permeate into each of the upper weave and the lower weave and into the gap between them.
Hereinafter, embodiments of an abrasive backing and abrasive cloth according to the invention will be described in detail by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description with reference to the accompanying drawings, those components are rendered the same reference number that are the same or in correspondence regardless of the figure number, and redundant explanations are omitted.

Fig. 1 is a double weave of an abrasive backing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of an abrasive backing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a manufacturing method of an abrasive cloth according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a picture of an abrasive backing manufactured according to Example 1.
Fig. 5 is a 60 times enlarged SEM picture of the upper weave of the abrasive backing of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a 60 times enlarged SEM picture of the lower weave of the abrasive backing of Fig. 4.

Descriptions for main parts of drawings

11, 13, 15, 17, 19 : the warps of 1/4 twill of the lower weave
12, 14, 16, 18, 20 : the warps of 1/4 twill of the upper weave
a, c, e, g, i : the wefts of 1/4 twill of the lower weave
b, d, f, h, j : the wefts of 1/4 twill of the upper weave
70 : binding yarn

An abrasive backing of the present invention includes an upper weave layer and a lower weave layer, which are formed with warps and wefts, and a binding yarn which connects the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer, and is formed in a double weave by using a different thickness of a weft yarn of the upper weave layer from that of the lower weave layer.
In the present invention, 'double weave' is referred to as a single abrasive backing manufactured by combining two weave layers. Here, the two weave layers with the upper and lower weave layers may be same weave, or different weave.
These two weave layers are connected by a binding yarn. Positions where the binding yarn connects the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer are critical and should not interrupt the composition of each weave layer. While passing in the warp direction or the weft direction of an abrasive backing, the binding yarn can connect the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer Each crossing point of the upper weave layer and each crossing point of the lower weave layer should not overlap each other by the binding yarn. A double weave connected by the binding yarn may have much space between the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer, so that an adhering agent can easily permeate between two weave layers to improve the adhesion.
An abrasive backing of the present invention is woven by using the weft of the upper weave layer having a different thickness from that of the lower weave layer. When a double weave is woven by using the binding yarn having identical material, identical thickness to connect the upper weave layer and the low weave layer, there is no need to divide the front side and the back side but it may be impossible to embody various abrasive states with one abrasive material. However, when material and thickness of the weft of the upper weave layer are different from those of the lower weave layer as in the present invention, an abrasive material having a small grain size and an abrasive material having a thicker grain size may be adhered to each side of an abrasive backing, so that it embodies two functions with one abrasive cloth.
In this manner, when the thickness of the weft of the upper weave layer and the weft of the lower weave layer are different to each other, the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer may have an uneven surface having different details and may be coated with abrasive materials having different grain sizes. The surface of the upper weave layer and the surface of the lower weave layer can be coated with abrasive materials having different sizes by using one abrasive backing. This one abrasive cloth may perform the same functions which two conventional abrasive cloths perform, so that it improves abrasive efficiency and reduces the burden of overstocks.
A kind of yarn that constitutes the upper weave layer or the lower weave layer of the double weave has no limitation. Examples of a fiber that constitutes the yarn may include cotton, wool, silk, hemp, synthetic fiber or synthetic yarn of synthetic fiber and these yarns, blended yarn, and conjugated yarn, etc. but it is not limited to these fibers. When hemp among natural fibers is used, it may be jute. According to an embodiment of the invention, the upper weave layer may be woven by cotton and the lower weave layer by polyester. According to another embodiment, warp yarns that constitute the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer may be one chosen from cotton, polyester and blended yarn of cotton and polyester. On the other hand, a weft yarn that constitutes the upper weave layer and a weft yarn that constitutes the lower weave layer may be one independently chosen from cotton, blended yarn of cotton and polyester, wool, jute, silk, hemp, rayon, synthetic fiber, polyester, rubber yarn and covering yarn. Thus, the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer may be woven with different yarns.
The kind or color of yarns which constitute the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer may be identical or different. It is preferable that yarns that constitute the upper weave and yarns that constitute the lower weave be identical.
Further, a yarn used for the double weave may be a filament yarn, or a split yarn, etc. and there is also no limitation in the method of spinning.
According to an embodiment of the invention, at least one of wefts and warps of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer may include MVS(Murata Vortex Spinning) yarn to weave. The MVS yarn has a different spun method from those of polyester yarns or MJS yarns. The MVS yarn has somewhat different physical properties from polyester spun yarns, ring yarns and MJS yarns manufactured by different methods, but it still gives the same properties to general fabrics. However, when the MVS yarn is used to manufacture abrasive backings and abrasive cloths, it provides much better smoothness and adhesion compared to polyester yarns or MJS yarns, so that it improves significantly the abrasive efficiency to remove rust of metal products compared to the conventional abrasive backing.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a combination yarn of MVS yarn and MJS yarn or a combination yarn of MVS yarn and yarn produced by different methods such as ring yarn, OE yarn, etc may be used to manufacture abrasive backings of the double weave.
In the structure of the abrasive backing of the present invention, the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer are independently woven in one weave chosen from plain weave, twill weave, satin weave and its variations and thus, the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer may be woven in the same or different weaves.
Three fundamental types of weaves are plain weave, twill weave and satin weave. Plain weave is the most basic of the weaves, in which each warp yarn crosses the weft yarn by going over one, then under the next, and so on. Plain weave is generally designated as 1/1. The strength of the plain-weave fabrics depends on thickness of the yarn and density of the weave.
Twill weave is made by passing the weft yarns over one warp yarn and then under two or more warp yarns in a regular repeated manner. The twill weave has less formation points than the plain weave, so that it is more flexible and softer, and is designated as 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4, etc.
Satin weave is also called as dice satin, in which four or more weft yarns float over a warp yarn or vice versa, four or more warp yarns float over a single weft yarn, and thus only one of the warp or the weft is brought to the surface. In case of satin weave fabrics, there is no formation point of the warp and the weft so that it has few bending, and is designated as 1/4 satin.
Furthermore, there are variations of three foundation weaves, such as basket weave as a variation of plain weave construction, pointed twill weave or broken twill weave as a variation of twill weave construction, and satin check weave as a variation of satin weave construction, etc. There are numerous variations such as mixture weave, pile weave and gauze weave, etc.
A double weave abrasive backing may be manufactured by a method including :

arranging a warp of the upper weave layer and a warp of the lower weave layer to cross each other;
fixing heddles of the lower weave layer when the wefts are woven into the upper weave layer, and alternatively, fixing heddles of the upper weave layer when the wefts are woven into the lower weave layer, so that the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer are allowed to be woven simultaneously; and
connecting the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer with a binding yarn not to interrupt the composition of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer and not to overlap cross points of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer while the binding yarn passes in the weft direction or in the warp direction.

An embodiment of weaving in a 1/4 twill weave for the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer will be described in detail as follows.
Fig. 1 is a double weave of an abrasive backing according to an embodiment of the present invention. Both the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer of the abrasive backing are woven in a 1/4 twill weave. Here, the upper weave layer is constituted with warps 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and wefts b, d, f, h, j and the lower weave layer with warps 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and wefts a, c, e, g, i.
In this double weave, each of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer is woven in a twill weave by interlacing one warp yarn and 4 weft yarns and is separately woven. Also, the upper twill weave layer and the lower twill weave layer may be simultaneously woven by forming the upper weave layer and then forming the lower weave layer.
That is, the abrasive backing in the double weave may be obtained, of which the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer are separately woven but simultaneously formed, by arranging warp yarns of the upper weave layer and warp yarns of the lower weave layer, interlacing a weft yarn with the warp yarns of the upper weave layer, and then interlacing the weft yarn with the warp yarns of the lower weave layer.
Here, when the upper weave layer is formed, heddles of the warps 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 of the lower weave layer are fixed not to move, so that the lower weave layer cannot be woven. On the other hand, when the lower weave layer is formed, heddles of the warps 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 of the upper weave layer are fixed not to move, so that the upper weave layer cannot be woven.
Here, it is critical to use a different thickness of the weft yarns of the upper weave layer from those of the lower weave layer to have different uneven surfaces. The upper weave layer and the lower weave layer each may be independently woven with weft yarns having different thickness by using 2 or 4 weft feeders.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the abrasive backing according to an embodiment of the invention as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is an A-A' sectional view of Fig. 1.
The upper weave layer and the lower weave layer each is woven in a 1/4 twill weave and independently woven to constitute the abrasive backing. A binding yarn 70 connects these two layers. Here, the binding yarn 70 passes through, a crossing point of a specific warp 12 and a specific weft d of the upper weave layer and a crossing point of a specific warp 15 and a specific weft e of the lower weave layer, in the weft direction to connect the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer.
Even though the binding yarn 70 fills into the crossing point where the weft d crosses over the warp 12, the crossing point 12-d, where the specific warp 12 and the specific weft d of the upper weave layer are crossing over, may not disrupt the structure of the upper weave layer and even though the binding yarn 70 fills into the crossing point where the weft e crosses under the warp 15, the crossing point 15-e, where the specific warp 15 and the specific weft e of the lower weave layer are crossing each other, may not disrupt the structure of the lower weave layer.
Here, any yarn as the binding yarn may be used with no limitation. Any fiber that constitutes the yarn, such as cotton, wool, silk, hemp, synthetic fabric or synthetic yarns of synthetic fabric and these yarns, blended yarn, and conjugated yarn, etc. may be used with no limitation and filament yarns, or split yarns, etc. may be used and there is also no limitation in the method of spinning.
Further, kinds and colors of the binding yarn may be identical or different from those of the weft constituting the upper or lower weave layer. It is however preferable that kinds and colors of the binding yarn be identical to those of the weft constituting the upper or the lower weave layer.
In the double weave abrasive backing manufactured as described above, the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer have different rough surfaces each other since a thickness of the weft of the upper weave layer is different from that of the lower weave layer. An abrasive material having a different grain size may be then coated to each surface of the abrasive backing. Since each surface of the abrasive backing is coated with an abrasive material having a different grain size, it can provide the same effect of 2 abrasive clothes with one which thus improves the abrasive efficiency.
The double weave abrasive backing has excellent physical properties significantly improved by 50 to 60% in density of the weft and the adhesion since an abrasive material or an adhering agent can easily permeate into the space between the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer, compared with a single weave one.
Since crossing points of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer are less than those of general fabrics, controlling the elongation in the weft direction can be allowed with easy expanding not only in the warp direction but also in the weft direction when the abrasive backing is treated. Further, the abrasive backing of the present invention exhibits the same or better tensile strength.
An abrasive cloth according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described.
An abrasive cloth of the present invention includes an abrasive backing, an abrasive material and an adhering agent.
An abrasive backing used in the abrasive cloth may be a double weave abrasive backing according to the present invention, described above. Because an abrasive material having a low elongation in the weft direction is required in order to manufacture weft direction sectional wide width belts, expansion and heat-setting is demanded. If the elongation of the weft direction which is consistent with the spinning direction of an abrasive belt is not lower than 3-7%, the abrasive belt may be lengthened or broken due to frictional heat and tension generated during use of the abrasive belt.
The abrasive backing of the invention may be easily expanded in the weft direction due to less crossing points. Therefore, tension is not provided in the warp direction but the double weave abrasive backing is expanded by 1 to 7% only in the weft direction in a tenter and then heat-set at 180 to 250 °C for 1 to 3 minutes. Via this heat treatment, an abrasive backing with fixed elongation in the weft direction may be obtained.
Examples of an abrasive material causing a grinding include aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), silicon carbide (Sic), zirconia alumina (Al₂O_{3_}Zr₂O₃), ceramic aluminum oxide, silica, garnet, emery, and crocus, etc. The abrasive cloth may further include a filler which is used to complement physical properties of the adhering agent and of which examples include calcium carbonate, clay, diatomite, etc. Here, the abrasive material may permeate into each of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer as well as into the space between the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer.
An adhering agent to adhere the abrasive backing and the abrasive material may be thermosetting resins or thermoplastic resins, or glues, etc.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a manufacturing method of an abrasive cloth according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 3, a double weave abrasive backing is prepared in Step 100. The double weave abrasive backing is expanded in the weft direction in a tenter and then heat-set in Step 110. An abrasive material is permeated into the abrasive backing and is fixed and adhered to the abrasive backing with an adhering agent in Step 120. As a method of coating the abrasive material, gravity coating and electrodeposition, etc. may be used. A size coating is performed to fix the abrasive material firmly on the abrasive backing in Step 130 and thermosetting is then performed for heat treatment of the abrasive cloth in Step 140. Step 150 is humidifying step. Step 160 is softening step. Step 170 (MCM) step may be added as needed, where the mesh clogging is treated after the size coating process to prohibit sticking of grinding dust during the grinding process. Then the abrasive cloth is completed in Step 180 by processing the abrasive cloth.
The invention may be better understood by reference to the following examples which are intended for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as in any way limiting the scope of the present invention, which is defined in the claims appended hereto.

Example 1

A double weave abrasive backing woven in a plain weave for both the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer was prepared by employing PERING20S/2 as a warp yarn, PERING30S/1 as a weft yarn of the upper weave layer, PEOE10S/1 as a weft yarn of the lower weave layer and weft feeders.
The double weave abrasive backing manufactured is shown in Fig. 4 and Figs. 5 and 6 are 60 times enlarged SEM pictures of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer, respectively.
Referring to Figs. 4 to 6, it is noted that the weft yarn of the upper weave layer of the double weave abrasive backing of the present invention is different from that of the lower weave layer. Accordingly, it is possible to manufacture an abrasive cloth having different surfaces by coating different abrasive materials since the roughness of the upper weave layer is different from that of the lower weave layer. This arrangement allows provision of two functions of an abrasive cloth.

Example 2

A double weave abrasive backing woven in a 1/4 twill weave for both the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer was prepared by employing PERING20S/2 as a warp yarn, PERING30S/1 as a weft yarn of the upper weave layer, PEOE10S/1 as a weft yarn of the lower weave layer and weft feeders.
Density, warp tensile strength, weft tensile strength, elongation, and smoothness of the prepared double weave abrasive backing are summarized in Table 1

Comparison Example

A single abrasive backing woven in a 1/4 twill weave was prepared by employing PERING20S/2 and PEOE10S/1. Physical properties of the prepared single abrasive backing are summarized in Table 2.

Table 1

	Example 2	Comparison Example
Density(in × in)	PERING20S/2 × PERING30S/1(the upper layer), PERING20S/2 × PEOE10S/1(the lower layer) ------------------------------ (double weave) 90 × 82 to 84 (288.6 x 208 to 213 cm)	PERING20S/2 × PEOE10S/1 --------------------------(single weave) 90 × 44 to 46 (288.6 x 112 to 117 cm)
warp tensile strength(kgf/in)	226 (87300 kg/s²)	226 (87300 kg/s²)
weft tensile strength(kgf/in)	105 (40500 kg/s²)	63 (24300 kg/s²)
Elongation(mm) at weft tensile strength 100kgf/in	7 (2700 kg/s²)	14 (5410 kg/s²)
Smoothness	5 (1930 kg/s²)	8 (309 kg/s²)

Experimental Conditions

(1) Density : the number of the warps and wefts within 1 inch (2.54 cm) width x 1 inch (2.54 cm) length of the weave.
(2) Yarn number : the diameter of a yarn and marked by S.
(3) Warp tensile strength : A sample with 2.5m width x 12.5m length was tested in the warp direction at downward velocity of 1m/min with a static tension tester.
(4) Weft tensile strength : A sample with 2.5m width x 12.5m length was tested in the weft direction at downward velocity of 1m/min with a static tension tester.
(5) Elongation : The identical static tension tester was used. The extended length at 100kgf/in (38600 kg/s²) of the weft tensile strength is marked with elongation (mm).
(6) Smoothness: The number of protruded defects in width 1m x length 1 m of a weave

Example 3

A double weave abrasive backing was prepared as in Example 2, except using MVS yarns instead of ring spun yarns or OE yarns. Physical properties of the prepared abrasive backing were determined as in Example 2 and are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2

	Example 3	Comparison Example
Density(in × in)	PEMVS20S/2 × PEMVS30S/1(upper layer), PEMVS20S/2 × PEMVS10S/1 (lower layer) ------------------------------ (double weave) 93 × 80 (236 x 203 cm)	PERING20S/2 × PEOE10S/1 ------------------------------(single weave) 93 × 44 (236 x 112 cm)
Warp tensile strength(kgf/in)	224 (86500 kg/s²)	226 (87300 kg/s²)
Weft tensile strength(kgf/in)	102 (39400 kg/s²)	68 (26300 kg/s²)
Elongation (mm) at weft tensile strength 100kgf/in	6 (2320 kg/s²)	15 (5790 kg/s²)
Smoothness	4 (1540 kg/s²)	9 (3740 kg/s²)

As shown in Tables 1 and 2, it is noted that density of the weft of the double weave abrasive backing of the present invention is improved by more than 60%, compared with that of the conventional abrasive backing. Particularly, the double weave abrasive backing woven with MVS yarns shows the most improved density of the weft. The physical properties of the abrasive backing are significantly improved and allow excellent textile performance. It is also noted that the double weave abrasive backing exhibits high weft tensile strength, low elongation at weft tensile strength 100kgf/in (38600 kg/s²), and high smoothness.
Although a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles of the present invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

An abrasive backing comprising an upper weave layer and a lower weave layer which are comprised of warps (11-20) and wefts (a-j), and a binding yarn (70) which connects the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer, wherein the abrasive backing is woven by using the wefts of the upper weave layer (b, d, f, h, j) having a different thickness from those of the lower weave layer (a, c, e, g, i).
The abrasive backing of claim 1, wherein the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer are independently woven with a yarn selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, silk, hemp, synthetic fiber and its combination yarn.
The abrasive backing of claim 1, wherein the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer are woven with jute.
The abrasive backing of claim 1, wherein the upper weave layer is woven with cotton and the lower weave layer is woven with polyester.
The abrasive backing of claim 1, wherein at least one of warp yarns or weft yarns which constitute the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer comprises MVS yarns.
The abrasive backing of claim 1, wherein warp yarns that constitute the upper weave layer (11, 14, 16, 18, 20) and the lower weave layer (11, 13, 15, 17, 19) is selected from the group consisting of cotton, polyester and blended yarn of cotton and polyester,
a weft yarn that constitutes the upper weave layer (b, d, f, h, j) and a weft yarn that constitutes the lower weave layer (a, c, e, g, i) is independently selected from the group consisting of cotton, blended yarn of cotton and polyester, wool, jute, silk, hemp, rayon, synthetic fiber, polyester, rubber yarn and covering yarn, so that each layer is woven with different yarns.
The abrasive backing of any preceding claim, wherein the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer are independently woven in a weave selected from the group consisting of a plain weave, a twill weave, satin weave and variations thereof.
The abrasive backing of any preceding claim, wherein the abrasive backing is manufactured by a method comprising :
arranging a warp of the upper weave layer (12, 14, 16, 18, 20) and a warp of the lower weave layer (11, 13, 15,17, 19) to cross each other;

fixing the heddles of the lower weave layer when the wefts are woven into the upper weave layer, and alternatively, fixing the heddles of the upper weave layer when the wefts are woven into the lower weave layer, so that the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer are allowed to be woven simultaneously; and

connecting the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer with a binding yarn (70) so as not to interrupt the composition of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer and not to overlap cross points of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer while the binding yarn (70) passes in the weft direction or in the warp direction.
An abrasive cloth comprising :
an abrasive backing according to any one of claim 1 to claim 8;

an abrasive material coated on the abrasive backing; and

an adhering agent adhering the abrasive backing and the abrasive material.
The abrasive cloth of claim 9, wherein the abrasive material permeates not only into each of the upper weave layer and the lower weave layer but also the gap between upper weave layer and the lower weave layer.