EP1964105B1 - Verbesserung für eine harmonika - Google Patents

Verbesserung für eine harmonika Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1964105B1
EP1964105B1 EP06841941A EP06841941A EP1964105B1 EP 1964105 B1 EP1964105 B1 EP 1964105B1 EP 06841941 A EP06841941 A EP 06841941A EP 06841941 A EP06841941 A EP 06841941A EP 1964105 B1 EP1964105 B1 EP 1964105B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
harmonica
blades
comb
instrument
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EP06841941A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1964105A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Bibollet
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments
    • G10D7/12—Free-reed wind instruments
    • G10D7/14—Mouth-organs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement for harmonica.
  • the document DE-19222 describes a harmonica having a hollow main body with a horn and a mouth with holes.
  • the channels are delimited by the walls of a comb, and the blades are mounted on at least one blade holder.
  • the main problem encountered with this type of harmonicas of the prior art is related to the limited sound output of these instruments due to the aerodynamically poor configuration of the air channels that the instrument has and air leaks. that it generates and which do not allow to implement vibrating blades sufficiently powerful on the sound level.
  • Another disadvantage lies in the complexity of making and assembling these harmonicas which results in a high cost and tedious maintenance especially for tuning and cleaning which require unscrewing several screws of very small dimensions difficult to return in place.
  • the harmonica according to the invention which may be of symmetrical or non-symmetrical external shape, is here positioned in such a way that its mean longitudinal plane Px is arranged horizontally, said plane Px being the substantially mid-plane -thickness of the instrument and thus passing substantially, at the rear of the harmonica, by the axis of the mouth holes and passing, at the front of the harmonica, near the mid-height of the horn of the instrument.
  • this plane Px also constitutes the longitudinal plane. of general symmetry of the instrument.
  • the harmonica according to the invention comprises at least one blade holder of which at least one of the two large faces, against which is mounted at least one vibrating sound lamella, is arranged either obliquely or even perpendicularly in at least the vertical plane if not in both vertical and horizontal planes relative to the longitudinal mean plane Px of the harmonica.
  • the plane passing through one of the two large faces of the blade carrier constitutes with the average longitudinal plane Px a dihedron whose opening angle is greater than 5 ° ( five degrees) preferably greater than 20 ° (twenty degrees) and in particular greater than 40 ° (forty degrees).
  • said angle is between 75 ° (seventy-five degrees) and 90 ° (ninety degrees).
  • the harmonica according to the invention comprises a single blade holder on which are mounted all the vibrating sound blades sucked and blown from the instrument.
  • the mouth holes are regularly distributed along the mouth face of the instrument at a spacing between two contiguous mouth holes advantageously between 6 mm (six millimeters) and 12 mm (twelve millimeters) preferably between 8 mm (Eight millimeters) and 11 mm (eleven millimeters), in particular between 9 mm (nine millimeters) and 10.5 mm (ten millimeters and a half).
  • the spacing of the mouth holes is 10 mm (ten millimeters).
  • each mouth hole is in relation with two vibrating vibrating blades both served by a common air channel.
  • the two blades are of the same type, so both are blown or sucked; they are therefore both fixed on the same face of the blade holder by being arranged side by side in the same direction or upside down and they are tuned either in unison, octave or harmonic, in third, in fifth or other, is still slightly offset from each other to obtain a tremolo effect.
  • one of the two blades served by a common air channel is of the blown type while the other is of the suction type and one is therefore disposed on one side of the carrier.
  • the two sound blades fed by a common mouth hole are arranged such that their respective longitudinal axes are located in alignment with each other.
  • the two blades may be arranged either in the same direction or in two opposite directions, their free ends being in the latter case close to one another or on the contrary their fixed ends being close to one another. the other.
  • certain vibrating sound blades are fixed in a different way from the fastening mode practiced for the harmonicas of the prior art, thus the blown blades are not fixed against the face of admission of the air of the blade holder concerned, that is to say against the face through which the air enters to pass through the window in which the free portion of said blade oscillates, but against the face of exhausting the air from said blade holder, that is to say against the face through which the air comes out when it has passed through the window in which the free portion of said blade oscillates.
  • the blown blades retain the concavity of their camber rest oriented in a conventional manner that is to say facing the side face air intake for the respective blade holder.
  • each mouth hole is in relation with two sound vibrating blades served by means of a shared air channel over at least part of its length in two half-channels by a medial separation wall disposed substantially vertically with respect to the mean longitudinal plane Px.
  • each of the two half-channels mentioned above has an internal oblique baffle wall extending over the entire width of said half-channel and ensuring the deviation of the air flow directly on the free part of the concerned blade to allow a vibration of said blade with a lower airflow through a course of said airflow less rugged and therefore more aerodynamic and through a concentration of this air flow on the free part of the sound blade.
  • the type of deflector orienting the air towards the free part of the sound waves described above can also be realized in the harmonicas of which each mouth of mouth is in relation with two blades.
  • said deflector may consist of a single wall crossing the common channel over its entire width and deflecting as much the air sucked as the air blown.
  • the harmonica comprises a blade holder by mouth of mouth and therefore comprises ten blade holder if it has ten mouth holes.
  • Each of said blade holders supports at least two blades arranged side by side or head-to-tail and both arranged on the same side of said blade holder, both being suction blades or blown blades or on the contrary being disposed therein. one on the side of the blade holder located on the mouth side thus being a blown blade while the other is arranged on the face of the blade-oriented blade-side so being a blade sucked.
  • Each blade-bearing plate carrying two blades is housed in a reservation of adequate dimensions arranged in the against comb .
  • each of the blade plates can be of external dimensions in relation to the length of the blades that it carries, which then makes it possible to place the cutterheads of acute, of dimensions reduced, closer to the mouth face than the bass blade holders of larger dimensions.
  • the harmonica according to the invention comprises at least two blade-holding plates, at least one of which is arranged obliquely with respect to the mean longitudinal plane Px of the harmonica at an angle advantageously greater than 5 °. (five degrees).
  • the harmonica comprises at least a first blade holder disposed obliquely with respect to the average longitudinal plane of the harmonica Px at an angle greater than 5 ° (five degrees) and at least one second blade holder disposed obliquely relative to the mean longitudinal plane of the harmonica Px at an angle also greater than 5 ° (five degrees) so that the planes passing through the respective bearing faces of said blade holders against the comb form between them an open dihedral side mouth of the instrument at an angle greater than 10 ° (ten degrees).
  • the harmonica according to the invention comprises only two blade-holding plates on which all the vibrating sounding blades sucked up and all the vibrating sounding blades of the instrument are mounted. , one of these two blade-holder plates being able to support all the blades sucked alone while the second blade-holder alone supports all the blown blades or on the contrary each of the two blade-holding plates supporting both blown blades and blades sucked.
  • the harmonica comprises two blade-holder plates arranged in such a way that on the one hand the air channels that feed them are situated outside said blade-holding plates and, on the other hand, at least one of the two blade-holding plates is arranged obliquely with respect to the mean longitudinal plane of the harmonica Px at an angle greater than 5 ° (five degrees) so that the planes passing through the respective bearing faces of said blade plates against the comb form between them an open dihedron side flag of the instrument at an angle greater than 5 ° (five degrees).
  • the respective angles of obliquity of the two blade carriers with respect to the mean longitudinal plane Px are not identical with each other so that the two blade-holding plates are not arranged. symmetrically on both sides of said plane Px.
  • the two blade carriers are arranged symmetrically on either side of the mean longitudinal plane of the harmonica Px so that the two planes passing through their respective bearing faces against the comb form between them an open dihedral either side mouthpiece or side flag of the instrument:
  • Such an arrangement proves to be fast and therefore inexpensive to produce and it also guarantees a total seal between these different components compared to harmonicas of the prior art.
  • the blade holder (s) are sandwiched between the comb and a counter comb acting as a presser.
  • This counter-pressure comb is positioned at least partially between said blade holder (s) and the flag of the instrument.
  • the comb and the counter-comb are pressed towards each other by clamping means, such as in particular screws, whose axis is disposed substantially parallel to the plane Px, exerting a thrust force substantially parallel to the longitudinal mean plane Px and aiming to bring said counter-comb closer to the mouth of the instrument.
  • the against-comb By moving towards the mouth under the action of the pressing means, the against-comb comes to exert a bearing against the or the blade holder in areas located opposite the zones through which said one or more blade holders come to bear against the edge of the walls of the comb which separate the air channels between them.
  • the counter-comb comprises means of collaborative guidance with complementary means arranged in the main body and / or in the comb and / or in the outer faces of the comb.
  • These sliding guide means in the forward direction of the instrument and vice versa may consist in particular of grooves formed in the inner face of the cavity of the main body in which are nested and slide at least some of the walls constituting the frames reinforcement of the comb.
  • These reinforcing ribs of the comb-against may consist of material slats arranged substantially vertically with respect to the mean longitudinal plane Px, the vertical median plane of each of these chords being advantageously coplanar with the median plane of the corresponding partition of the comb located opposite said chord so that the blade-holder plate is sandwiched between these two blades of very solid material since arranged one and the other field.
  • the sliding guide grooves formed in the inner face of the main body for guiding the ribs of the comb-counter are advantageously inclined so that the bottom of said grooves approaches the mean longitudinal plane Px as the 'we move away from the flag of the instrument to get closer to the mouth of the instrument.
  • Such an arrangement allows on the one hand said inclined grooves to substantially follow the inclination of the surface of the shell in which they are made without mutilating the shell by too deep cuts and secondly this inclination being substantially identical to the inclination of the corresponding sliding support zones of the ribs of the comb comb, when the counter-comb is pushed towards the comb by the above-mentioned pressure means, the back of the ribs of the counter-comb bears against the bottom of said inclined grooves then pushing the ends of said chords towards the longitudinal plane Px in thus helping to ensure a perfect veneer of the blade plate against the edges of the walls of the comb.
  • the (or) the blade holder (s) is (are) fixed (s) against the corresponding bearing face of the slices of the partition walls of the air channels constituting the comb.
  • the counter-comb is surrounded by a peripheral shell extending in the front-rear direction of the harmonica over at least part of the width and the length of said counter-comb .
  • the rear end of said peripheral shell is of suitable size and shape to fit in or around the front end of the monolithic assembly constituted by the main body comprising the comb and the mouth portion of the instrument.
  • the counter-comb is secured to the main body and held pressed against the comb by screws which are arranged substantially parallel to the mean longitudinal plane Px of the instrument and whose head is oriented on the side of the instrument's roof . These screws pass through the counter comb to be screwed into the main body of the instrument and / or into the comb by developing a force tending to bring said comb against the comb.
  • tapped holes are arranged in the comb against and / or in the main body to allow the attachment of a microphone and / or to allow the attachment of the harmonica on a support allowing its use without the hands by example when the musician plays the guitar at the same time.
  • the harmonica according to the invention comprises extraction means for detaching the counter-comb from the main body for disassembling the instrument.
  • these extraction means use at least some screws ensuring the assembly of the counter-comb with the comb by sandwiching the or blade holders. After having previously been completely unscrewed and extracted from the position which they occupied as fastening means, these screws are then screwed into the threaded extraction holes arranged in the counter-comb in such a way that their end bears against the rear face of the comb and / or against the rear face of the main body, the screwing of said screws in the counter-comb generates a force tending to move the comb away from the comb-comb until their effective separation, the portion of said remaining visible screws can then advantageously serve as a gripping element for handling the counter-comb in which they are fixed.
  • each of the mouth holes of the instrument is in relation with at least three sound vibrating blades, and ideally four sound vibrating blades, which are all fed by a single common channel.
  • air circulation is fed two by two by two air circulation channels is still fed each by a channel of air of its own.
  • each of the mouth holes of the instrument is related to three sound vibrating blades all three fed by a single common air flow channel.
  • a first soundblade and a second soundblade are arranged on a blade holder positioned on one side of the mean longitudinal plane Px of the harmonica while the third blade is positioned on another blade holder disposed of the other side of the mean longitudinal plane Px.
  • the plane, arranged perpendicular to the mean longitudinal plane Px, passing through the longitudinal axis of this third blade being advantageously located at an equal distance from each of the two planes perpendicular to the mean longitudinal plane Px which pass for one by the longitudinal axis of the first blade and for the other by the longitudinal axis of the second blade.
  • each of the mouth holes of the instrument is in relation with three sound vibrating blades
  • the two sound blades fixed on the same blade holder are served by a first air flow channel while that the third blade fixed on the second blade holder is served by a second air circulation channel the two air circulation channels opening into the common mouth hole either directly or via a section of air circulation channel common to the three blades concerned.
  • each of the mouth holes of the instrument is in relation with three sound vibrating blades each of the three blades is fed by a channel of its own and which opens into the common mouth hole either directly or via a section of air circulation channel common to the three blades concerned.
  • the mouth hole common to the three vibrating sound waves is subdivided into two "mouth sub-holes" of size, shape and section identical to each other or not.
  • each mouthpiece serves three vibrating sound blades
  • said three blades are all three of the same type, therefore all three are suction blades or blown blades, two-hole blades. contiguous being against systematically against the opposite type: a mouth hole being in relation with three blades blown while each of the two mouth holes located on either side of the previous is it in relation with three blades sucked or conversely of so that one mouth of two mouth feeds three so-called blown sound waves and one mouth hole on two feeds three so-called aspirated blades.
  • These three sound waves served by the same mouth hole are tuned together in unison, harmonic and / or slightly offset from each other to generate a tremolo effect.
  • each mouth of which is in relation to three vibrating sound waves two of these three sound waves are both of the blown type or of the aspirated type while the third is of the opposite type.
  • all the blades of the harmonica carried by the blade-holder (s) positioned on one side of the mean longitudinal plane Px are of the same type, either sucked or blown, and all the blades mounted on the holder (s). blades positioned on the other side of said plane Px are of the opposite type, so respectively blown or sucked.
  • the harmonica according to the invention comprises sealing means consisting of a flexible and elastically deformable element interposed between the contact zones between the blade holder (s) and the corresponding contact zones of the separation walls of the air circulation channels constituting the comb and if necessary it comprises sealing means also consisting of a flexible and elastically deformable element interposed between the contact areas between the blade holder (s) and the main body of the harmonica and / or between the contact zones between the blade holder (s) and the counter-comb.
  • these sealing means are made of flexible material, and overmolded by injection on the contact areas according to the bi-material molding technique.
  • this seal is made simply by using, for the injection of the monolithic main body assembly, and combs a very slightly elastically deformable thermoplastic material which may in particular be of the polyurethane type which will also offer appreciable comfort at the level of the mouth of the instrument by its very soft touch.
  • a very slightly elastically deformable thermoplastic material which may in particular be of the polyurethane type which will also offer appreciable comfort at the level of the mouth of the instrument by its very soft touch.
  • it may be advantageous to use for its realization an aluminum or steel alloy which thanks to its hardness of surface will also allow the members of the counter-comb to offer sound reflection capabilities interesting acoustically in terms of brightness of the sound.
  • At least some of the constituent elements of the harmonica according to the invention are produced by injection of a thermoplastic material and then are covered with a thin metal film. by electroplating or metallization under vacuum or by any other suitable method.
  • the free end of at least some of the vibrating sound blades may be angular in shape such as are the blades of the prior art, but it may also very advantageously be rounded to a radius equal to half the width of the concerned blade or be rounded to a radius of a greater value or less than the width of the blade.
  • the blade is of a width greater than its width measured at its fixed part and the edges of the widened zone of the blade can be parallel between them or on the contrary be divergent so that the width of said enlarged portion increases when approaching the free end of this blade.
  • the shape and dimensions of the corresponding aperture, or window, arranged in the blade holder and through which this blade passes when it vibrates are adjusted accordingly to the shape and dimensions of the blade concerned.
  • such widening of at least a portion of the free length of the blade makes it possible on the one hand to vibrate the blade under a stream of air of lesser force thanks to the increase of the blade surface offered to the flow and thanks to the easier bending of the zone of reduced width located at its base and it also makes it possible to weigh very easily the free end of this blade by increasing the surface and therefore the weight without having to resort to a thickness of metal as is currently the case for the blades of serious tone.
  • the free ends of the vibrating sound blades of the instrument can all be located at the same distance from the mouth face of the instrument and this as well for the serious blades which are long and wide as for the sharp blades which are shorter and narrower or on the contrary it is the ends of said blades fixed against the blade holder which are all located at the same distance of the mouth face the free ends of these blades then being further and further away from the mouth face as the blades become more and more serious.
  • the distance separating the mouth face of the instrument from the end of the blades located on the mouth side is increasing from acute blades to acute blades while the distance between the mouth of the instrument of the end of the blades located on the pavilion is decreasing from serious blades to acute blades.
  • the air flow channels in relation to the medium blades and those in connection with the acute blades are of a volume lower than that of the channels of the low notes and this to make it easier and faster rise in pressure, or depression, the air flow animating these blades medium or these sharp blades.
  • the reduction of the volume of the air supply channels of the medium blades and the acute blades is effected by combination of the following different means: decrease in the length of said channels and / or decrease in the width of these channels and / or thickening of the wall vertical or horizontal internal dividing the channel concerned into two half-channels and / or chamfering or leave filling filling the angles of connection of these different walls between them for a better flow aunterlic.
  • the walls of the bed base extend in the forward direction of the instrument substantially parallel to the axes of the air flow ducts of which they constitute the lateral flanks. According to another embodiment, said walls extend in the forward direction of the instrument in divergent directions or conversely converge when moving away from the mouth to approach the flag of the instrument.
  • the rear face of the instrument which constitutes the mouth face of the instrument in which the mouth holes are arranged is advantageously convex, so convex , at least in the transverse direction of the instrument.
  • said mouth face of the harmonica is also convex, ie convex, in the longitudinal direction of the instrument so in the longitudinal plane Px and this in order to offer a more suitable ergonomics to the morphology of the mouth and the lips of the musician than do the harmonicas of the prior art of straight and often angular form that are very aggressive for the lips and often abrasive at the corner of the mouth.
  • the harmonica 1 comprises firstly a main body 10 consisting of a peripheral bell-shaped outer shell open towards the front side of the flag of the instrument, and whose opposite face, designated as the Mouth face term, comprises the mouth holes 100 through which is blown or sucked the air flow which vibrates the vibrating sound blades through air flow channels.
  • the mouth holes 100 are here arranged on a spacing E of ten millimeters and they measure six millimeters at their greatest width L located in the plane mean longitudinal Px
  • Their height H is eight millimeters and the space d separating two consecutive holes, measured at the plane Px, is four millimeters.
  • the circulation channels of the air flow are separated from each other, in the lateral direction of the instrument, by lateral separation walls 101 arranged perpendicularly to the plane Px and which extend over all the height of the inner cavity of the main body 10 so that they thus connect together the upper wall and the lower wall of the peripheral shell of said main body 10 and therefore said air channels also extend over the entire height of the interior cavity of the main body.
  • At least one blade holder 11 is disposed substantially perpendicular to the mean longitudinal plane Px of the instrument both in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction. On this blade holder 11 are mounted vibrating sound blades fixed at one of their ends to said blade holder 11.
  • the so-called blown sound blades 110 are fixed against the face of the blade holder oriented on the side of the mouth face of the instrument while the so-called aspirated sound blades 111 are fixed against the face of the blade holder oriented on the side of the horn. of the instrument.
  • a counter-comb 12 disposed between the blade holder 11 and the bell of the harmonica ensures the plating of said blade holder 11 against the edges of the side walls 101 for separating the air channels under the action of pressing means constituted screw 13 passing through said counter-comb to be screwed into the peripheral body of the main body 10 and / or in the side walls 101 for separating the air channels.
  • the comb consisting of the side walls 101 for separating the air ducts between them, constitutes with the main body 10 an assembly which can be made monolithically by molding in one piece of a thermoplastic material or a metal or can be made of several pieces assembled together temporarily or permanently by screwing, clipping bonding or any other suitable means of assembly.
  • the harmonica may advantageously comprise a single blade holder on which are mounted all the sound waves sucked and blown from the instrument or that these blades can be mounted on several blade holders arranged perpendicular to the plane Px while being arranged parallel to each other or not.
  • blade holders may all be located at the same distance from the mouth face of the instrument or, on the contrary, be arranged in steps when the harmonica is viewed in plan view, the blade holders of the acute notes being advantageously then smaller and positioned closer to the mouthpiece than are the blade holders supporting the bass blades.
  • the blade holder or blades may also be arranged parallel to the mouth face of the instrument as shown in FIG. figure 3 when the harmonica is viewed in plan view or on the contrary while being arranged substantially perpendicularly to the plane Px or the blade holder may also be arranged obliquely relative to the mouth face of the instrument in such a way that the high-pitched sound waves are closer to the entrance of the mouth-holes than are the sound-waves.
  • the counter-comb 12 comprises reinforcing walls 120 arranged in alignment with at least some of the lateral separation walls 101 constituting the comb.
  • These reinforcing walls 120 of the counter-comb allow efficient sandwiching of the blade holder 11 to prevent air leakage between the different elements between them and they also serve as an acoustic mirror for effective projection, in the direction of flag, sounds emitted by the sound waves.
  • These reinforcement walls 120 against the comb which may or may not include transverse holes, also offer the advantage of channeling the air sucked or blown avoiding the penalizing turbulence generated by the rapid passage between neighboring notes sucked and blown that the The harmonicas of the prior art are encountered in which there is no partition wall downstream of the blade holders.
  • each of the air circulation channels is divided into two air sub-channels by an internal partition wall 102 arranged perpendicularly to the mean longitudinal plane Px of the instrument and extending from the blade holder to the vicinity of the mouth face of the instrument.
  • an internal boss 103, 104 serves as deflectors to direct the flow of air directly on the free part of the sound blade concerned to facilitate its vibration with less force and less air consumption.
  • These solid bosses 103, 104 also make it possible to partially fill the excess spaces of the air channels, whose volume they thus reduce, thus allowing a rise in pressure or in a more rapid depression of the air in said channels for a more immediate reaction of the air channels. sound blades. These bosses also prevent the formation, in the air channels, of air turbulence penalizing the performance of the instrument.
  • the two blades fed by the same air channel are arranged head to tail and the internal bosses are therefore arranged on one side and the other on the other side of the average longitudinal plane Px.
  • the two sound blades are arranged in the same direction, their fixed part being positioned on the same side with respect to the plane Px and one of the blades being fixed on one face of the blade holder while the second blade is fixed on the other face of the blade holder the two inner bosses serving as deflectors are then both located on the same side of the plane Px and the air channel concerned may then or may not include an internal partition wall sharing said channel; air in two subchannels.
  • the figure 9 and the figure 10 differentiate from each other in that the figure 9 is a cross section practiced at the level of the long, deep tone blades while the figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the sharp pitch blades which are much shorter, which explains why the air channel is then locally reduced by thickening the shell of the main body to adapt the air flow section to the dimension reduced blade.
  • FIGs 11 to 14 show different embodiments of the means for facilitating the separation of the comb against the assembly main body and comb during tuning and maintenance operations.
  • the blade holder 11 is advantageously secured to the counter-comb by any temporary or definitive means by screws, nails, gluing, clipping or other and the counter-comb has positioning and guiding means relative to the comb and the main body 10 allowing its placement against the comb and its removal without risk for the sound blades.
  • the extraction of the counter-comb is carried out by screwing some of the assembly screws into fitted threaded holes. in the counter-comb, the end of the screw 13 then bearing against the corresponding face of the main body 10.
  • the fixing screws comprise an intermediate abutment constituted by a washer retained by a stop segment 130 which allows the extraction of the counter-comb by simply unscrewing said fixing screws which are otherwise rendered captive by this type of assembly.
  • an extractor 14 is introduced, the diameter of the front portion is less than the diameter of the tapped hole provided in the main body, while the rear portion of said extractor 14 is threaded and of a diameter greater than the nominal diameter of the fixing screw 13.
  • the front end of the extractor 14 bears against the bottom of the hole in the main body and the counter-comb 12 and the blade holder 11 are moved away from the comb and thus from the main body 10 as the extractor 14 is screwed into the corresponding threaded hole arranged in the counter-comb 12.
  • the figure 13 shows another way of extracting the counter-comb directly using some of the fixing screws 130 having a rear stop consisting of a washer stopped by a stop segment 131 which also offers the advantage of making said captive screw.
  • the simple unscrewing of the screw 130 makes it possible to disassemble the instrument.
  • FIGS 15 to 17 show another embodiment of a harmonica comprising a single blade holder 15 arranged obliquely at an angle ⁇ with respect to the mean longitudinal plane Px of the harmonica.
  • the angle is advantageously between 15 ° (fifteen degrees) and 90 ° (ninety degrees) so that the sound blades can have an angle of incidence relative to the air streams blown and sucked much more favorable than in the harmonicas of the prior art whose blade holders are parallel to the plane of symmetry of the instrument which forces said air streams to sudden changes of direction very penalizing in terms of air flow efficiency.
  • the single oblique blade holder 15 comprises two small folded longitudinal returns 151, 152 which provide it with a great longitudinal rigidity and which offer good surfaces of support and contact between the different elements between them to guarantee the best possible airtightness between said components.
  • the figure 17 shows more particularly the method of assembling the elements together, the blade holder 15 being optionally fixed against the corresponding face of the comb-comb before this assembly is put in place in the corresponding cavity arranged in the main body 10 and then plated against the slices of the separation walls of the comb by pressure means exerting a force substantially parallel to the plane Px aiming to bring said counter-comb closer to the mouth face of the instrument.
  • the figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of the harmonica practiced in one of the air channels while the figure 16 is a cross section made in the axis of a reinforcing wall 120 of the counter-comb 12 disposed in the axis of a wall 101 of lateral separation of two contiguous air channels.
  • the oblique blade holder 15 is sandwiched between on the one hand the rear bearing surface of the counter-comb constituted by the peripheral frame of said counter-comb as well as by the support edge of the reinforcing walls of said counter-comb they also inclined with respect to the plane Px according to an angle of value ⁇ and secondly the corresponding oblique bearing surface ⁇ formed by the slices of the ends of the walls 101 of lateral separation of the air channels and by the supports , consisting of flanges arranged substantially perpendicular to the plane Px, arranged in the cavity of the main body.
  • the Figures 18 to 26 show the different arrangements for mounting on the blade holder of the two sound blades fed by the same mouth hole according to the provisions of the previous figures.
  • the Figures 18 to 20 show two blades of different types: one being a blade sucked and the other being a blown blade and which are therefore mounted on one side of the blade holder and the other on the other face of said blade; blade holders being arranged either head-to-tail as shown in figure 19 in the same direction as shown in figure 20 .
  • the Figures 21 to 23 show two blades blown and are therefore in this respect both mounted on the same face of the blade holder being arranged either head to tail as shown in FIG. figure 22 in the same direction as shown in figure 23 .
  • FIG. 24 to 26 show two blades sucked and which are therefore both mounted on the same face of the blade holder being arranged either head to tail as shown in FIG. figure 25 in the same direction as shown in figure 26 .
  • FIGS. 27 to 35 illustrate another preferred embodiment of a harmonica 2 according to the invention according to which it comprises at least two blade holders 21 and 22.
  • These two blade holders 21 and 22 are arranged symmetrically on either side of the mean longitudinal plane Px of the instrument according to two identical angles between them of value ⁇ so that the axial plane P1 passing through the axis of the first blade carrier 21 and the axial plane P2 passing through the axis of the second blade carrier 22 form between them a dihedral of angular value equal to 2 ⁇ open side mouthpiece of the instrument.
  • the comb consisting of walls 201 for lateral separation of the air channels between them, constitutes with the main body 20 an assembly which can be produced monolithically by molding in one piece of a thermoplastic material or a metal or which can be made in several pieces assembled together temporarily or permanently by screwing, clipping, gluing or by any other suitable means of assembly.
  • the figure 34 representing the harmonica in plan view shows that, on at least one of its two longitudinal faces, in the central part of the harmonica, the peripheral shell 203 of the harmonica constituting the protective covers of the sound blades, is of a width, L1, less than the overall width, L3, of at least one of the two ends of the instrument.
  • the concavity is such that, for at least a portion of the length of the harmonica and in particular in its central zone, therefore in the zone situated at its half-length, the end of the peripheral shell 203 of the main body is situated at a distance L1 from the mouth of the instrument between 15mm (fifteen millimeters) and 30 mm (thirty millimeters), preferably between 17mm (seventeen millimeters) and 25mm (twenty five millimeters), in particular between 19 mm (nineteen millimeters) and 23 mm (twenty three millimeters).
  • the value of L1, measured at the half-length of the instrument is between one-third and two-thirds of the maximum overall width.
  • L2 of the instrument measured between the flag and the mouth face, said L2 dimension is also measured at the half-length of the instrument. At least part of some of the vibrating sound waves is visible from the outside when the instrument is viewed from above or from below.
  • Such an arrangement of the harmonica is very advantageous technically since on the one hand it makes it much easier to set up and remove the blade-holders by greatly facilitating their access for maintenance thanks to the very open sides, which are therefore very clear of the blade.
  • the counter-comb 23 also comprises ribs constituting reinforcing walls 230 which are advantageously positioned in alignment with the side walls 201 for separating the air channels from one another and the prominence of these reinforcement walls 230 with respect to the outer face of the blade holder 21 and 22 provides protection of the sound blades against any risk of contact with the hands of the user.
  • the inner face of the peripheral shell 203 comprises bosses 200 between which these ribs 230 have just slid.
  • the separation walls of the air channels constituting the comb also work in the field and at their end located on the side of the flag of the instrument they are joined together by a connecting element 202 extending over at least a part the length of the instrument and ensuring a rigorous positioning of said partition walls so that they are not likely to deform and come into contact with the vibrating sound blades.
  • the Figures 30 to 32 show the successive phases of the very easy installation of the blade holders.
  • the main body 20 of the harmonica is placed on a horizontal support so that the average longitudinal plane Px is found here positioned vertically.
  • the first blade holder 21 is introduced into the cavity of the main body and then folded against the corresponding inclined face of the comb so that it fits into its housing and the end of said blade holder located on the side of the roof the instrument comes to wedge against the corresponding stop 2021 arranged at the end of the comb
  • the means for setting in translation blades-blades 21 and 22 relative to the comb may consist of any device to oppose the sliding of these two elements relative to each other and in particular be constituted by lugs arranged in said blade holders which are housed in holes of appropriate shape and position arranged in the walls 201 of the comb and / or in the connecting element 202.
  • These wedging means may also consist of lugs integral with the comb and / or the connecting element 202 coming to fit into corresponding housings arranged in the blade-holder plates.
  • the figure 29 is a cross-section through an air channel at the level of high notes whose sound waves are therefore much shorter than the sounding slats of the bass notes represented on the figure 27 showing, she, a cross section that was practiced in a low notes air channel.
  • the short blades have been brought closer to the mouth of the instrument and to improve the reactivity of these sound waves the connecting element 202 has been extended towards the mouth side of the harmonica by filling the unnecessary volume of the bottom of the air channel concerned.
  • the figure 29 bis which is also a transverse section made at the level of the short sound waves, shows a variant corresponding to the preferred embodiment in which the short sound waves remain positioned as close as possible to the flag of the instrument to benefit from the release of the peripheral shell for an optimal diffusion of the sounds that they emit.
  • the section of the flow channel of the air flow has been reduced by additional walls 203 so as to occupy the unnecessary excess volume of said channel by concentrating and in can, aligning the flow of air towards said sounding blades.
  • FIGS. 36 to 38 show another embodiment of a harmonica 3 comprising at least two blade holders 31 and 32 which are not arranged symmetrically on either side of the mean longitudinal plane Px of the instrument.
  • the axial plane P3 passing through the axis of the first blade holder 31 is disposed substantially parallel to the mean longitudinal plane Px of the instrument while the axial plane P4 passing through the axis of the second blade holder 32 forms with the plane Px a dihedral of an angular value ⁇ so that the planes P3 and P4 form between them a dihedral of angular value equal to open ⁇ side mouthpiece of the instrument.
  • the outer shape of the harmonica is not symmetrical either with respect to the mean longitudinal plane Px, the part of the harmonica situated above the plane Px not being identical to the part of the harmonica situated below. of said plane Px. It is also perfectly conceivable that the harmonica is also asymmetrical when viewed in a view from above the left half of the instrument being different from the right half of said instrument.
  • the counter-comb 33 comprises at least one outer upper wall 331 and one outer lower wall 332 extending in the longitudinal direction of the instrument and extending, in the direction of the roof, the element mouthpiece 30 constituted on the one hand by the comb and on the other part of the peripheral shell constituting the entire mouth area of the instrument.
  • the rear end, facing the mouth, external upper and lower walls 331 and 332 is engages in the mouth member 30 in an area positioned at a distance, d, of the mouth face such that said distance d is greater than fifteen millimeters while advantageously remaining between 15 and 25 millimeters and this so that said junction is located as close as possible to the mouth face while nevertheless being situated outside the zone in contact with the lips of the musician.
  • FIGS 39 to 41 show another embodiment of a harmonica 4 comprising at least two blade holders 41 and 42 arranged symmetrically on either side of the mean longitudinal plane Px of the instrument according to two identical angles with each other of value ⁇ in such a way that the axial plane P5 passing through the axis of the first blade carrier 41 and the axial plane P6 passing through the axis of the second blade carrier 42 form between them a dihedral of angular value equal to 2 ⁇ open on the pavilion of the instrument.
  • Each of the two blade holders 41 and 42 is fed by an air channel of its own, respectively 410 and 420, which is positioned between the blade holder concerned and the outer shell 400 of the harmonica.
  • the two air channels 410 and 420 are thus located one outside the blade holder they feed, respectively 41 and 42, or in other words each of the two doors Blades 41 and 42 are positioned closer to the plane Px than most of the air channel feeding it.
  • the counter-comb is here positioned between two combs each constituted by the side walls which separate the air channels between them, said walls being positioned one and the other between the blade holder they serve and the hull. corresponding external part of the harmonica.
  • These two air channels 410 and 420 each open into a mouth hole, respectively 4100 and 4200, which is its own as shown for example by the figure 39 .
  • the two mouth holes 4100 and 4200 may also consist of a single common mouth hole divided in two by a horizontal dividing wall whose median plane is coplanar with the mean longitudinal plane Px, which plane Px also constitutes in the arrangement of the harmonica 4 shown on these Figures 39 to 41 , the general plane of symmetry of the instrument for the whole of the harmonica with the exception of the sound waves.
  • the arrangement of the harmonica 4 shown on these Figures 39 to 41 has the advantage of offering wide common opening and progressive increasing section towards the flag of the instrument that ensures optimal amplification and excellent projection sounds emitted by the sound blades.
  • All the Figures 42 to 54 relate to the embodiments of harmonicas according to the invention, each mouth of which feeds three vibrating sound waves which are all three of the same type, either of the so-called sucked type or of the so-called blown type the type of sound waves fed by a hole mouthpiece being systematically different from the type of sound blades fed by the preceding mouth hole and by the type of sounding blades fed by the following hole so that one mouth of two feeds three so-called blown sound blades and one out of two mouths feeds three so-called aspirated blades.
  • the Figures 42 to 47 represent a first embodiment of a harmonica 5 of the type mentioned above.
  • the mouth holes 50 are regularly distributed along the mouth face of the instrument at a spacing E between two adjacent mouth holes, advantageously between 7 mm (seven millimeters) and 10 mm (ten millimeters) preferably between 7 mm (seven millimeters) and 9 mm (nine millimeters), in particular between 7 mm (seven millimeters) and 8 mm (eight millimeters).
  • the center distance E of the mouth holes is 7.5 mm (seven millimeters and a half).
  • the height H of the mouth holes is between 8 mm (eight millimeters) and 12 mm (twelve millimeters), preferably between 9 mm (nine millimeters) and 11 mm (eleven millimeters) and the width L is advantageously less than or equal to at half the value of the center distance E and in particular equal to three millimeters and a half. It can therefore be said that, according to the embodiment shown on the figure 42 the distance, measured in the longitudinal direction of the instrument, separating the contiguous edges of two contiguous mouth holes 50 is greater than the width, L, of each of said holes and that the overall height, H, of each of said holes 50 is greater than twice the width L of each of these holes.
  • the side walls of separation of the air channels gradually deform while becoming thinner while twisting to go from the shape flat and thick they have at the mouth holes to a curvilinear and thin S shape as they appear on the figure 43 to end at the level of the sound-wave blades in the form of an S consisting of two substantially parallel parts connected to each other by an inclined part.
  • This very gentle progressive evolution of the shape of the walls, the faces of which are therefore left, guarantees a perfect flow of the sucked or exhaled air flow without creating turbulence, as is the case in certain harmonicas of the prior art which comprise walls. separation of the air channels having angular areas very penalizing for the performance of the instrument.
  • the two S-shaped sectional separation walls facing each other are twisted for one in one direction and for the other in the opposite direction in such a way that the width of said channel is then sufficient to accommodate two sound blades against the first blade holder and a sound blade against the second blade holder.
  • the twisting of said walls being opposite for the contiguous air channels makes it possible to alternate the arrangements of the blades and thus to position two sound blades against the second blade holder is a single sound blade against the first blade holder.
  • the first blade holder 51 thus comprises a succession of two blown sound waves 511, 512 fixed against its side facing the inner side of the air channel followed by an aspirated sound blade 510 fixed against its outer face while the second blade holder 52 comprises a succession of a blown sound blade 522 fixed against its side facing the inner side of the air channel followed by two aspirated sound blades 520 521 fixed against its outer face.
  • each of the air circulation channels separated from the adjacent channels by side walls further comprises a wall of internal separation extending in the longitudinal direction of the harmonica and sharing said channel in two subchannels, one feeding two sound blades positioned both on the same blade holder while the other, of lesser section than the first, feeds a single sound blade mounted on the other blade holder.
  • Such a channel arrangement subdivided into two subchannels of sections proportional to the number and size of the sound waves they supply is very interesting from a musical point of view since it makes it possible to finely adapt the section of said subchannels to airflow required for both soundblock groups according to their tuning.
  • the two blades fed by the largest subchannel can advantageously be very substantially of the same size and tuned in unison or slightly offset relative to each other to obtain a tremolo effect while the second subchannel section will be adapted to the supply of a sounder blade more serious or on the contrary sharper than the previous two and which will require a different air flow.
  • all the connection angles of the different walls between them are radiated to ensure optimal flow of the air flow.
  • the figures 51 is a longitudinal section, along a sectional plane disposed substantially perpendicular to the plane Px, showing an embodiment variant of the harmonica shown in FIG. figure 48 .
  • the figures 51 In order not to weigh down the drawing unnecessarily, only two groups of three blades, each fed by a single mouth-hole, were marked with a dashed line, one bearing the reference 60, uniting aspirated blades, the other bearing the mark 61, gathering blown blades.
  • the air channel fed by said mouth hole is here subdivided into two sub-channels, of different sections, by a wall of 600,601 shend whose thickness is different depending on whether said wall of the channel passes through a channel of air supplying blown blades or an air channel supplying aspirated sound blades.
  • the aspirated blades being fixed to the outside of the blade-holders, the portions of this wall that pass through the air ducts supplying the suction blades will be thicker than the portions of this wall that pass through the air ducts. feeding blown blades which are positioned on the outer face of said blade holders.
  • each mouth hole feeds a group of three sound blades consisting of either an aspirated blade and two blown blades, as for the group identified 70, or a blown blade and two blades aspirated as for the group identified 71.
  • each mouthhole feeds a group of sound blades of the opposite type to the one supplied by the next hole so that by embouching two contiguous holes the player vibrates three blades sucked and three blades expired or embouching four contiguous holes which corresponds to certain game techniques the player vibrates six blades sucked and six blades blown.
  • FIGS 52 to 54 are transverse and longitudinal sections showing another embodiment in which each mouth hole feeds a group of three sonic blades all of the same type, or blown, as for the group marked 80, is sucked as for the group identified 81.
  • the air channel supplied by each of the mouth holes is here subdivided into three sub-channels, of identical depth with each other or not and which are in this case advantageously degressive moving from pr1 to pr2 as you move away from the bass notes associated with long, wide blades to get closer to the high notes associated with shorter, narrower blades.
  • having a subchannel for each of the three blades fed by the common mouth hole allows a perfect adaptation of the shape, length and section of said subchannel to the requirements of the blade. concerned depending on the type of tuning desired and depending on the tone selected for said blade.
  • each partition wall between two channels or two adjacent subchannels located on the same side of the mean longitudinal plane Px of the instrument is disposed in the extension of the axial plane of the channel or the opposite sub-channel located on the other side of said plane Px.
  • each plane arranged perpendicularly to the plane Px, in which the longitudinal axis of a sound blade moves when it is in vibration, is situated equidistant from each of the two planes. in which the longitudinal axis of the opposing blades immediately to the right and immediately to the left of the respective blade moves.
  • the Figures 55 and 56 are cross sections of a harmonica according to the invention, some of which at least air channels have internal arrangements exploiting the Venturi effect and which are intended to greatly improve the aeraulic efficiency of the instrument by avoiding leakage of air. parasitic air through the windows of the sound waves that are not solicited.
  • the figure 55 shows the operation of this device when the player blows in the harmonica: the channel of circulation of the air flow concerned is crossed right through a fin 90 whose longitudinal axis extends in the longitudinal direction of the instrument substantially parallel to the mean longitudinal plane Px.
  • This fin 90 located inside the air channel is positioned between the inlet of the mouth hole concerned and the sound blades fed by said mouth hole.
  • This fin consists of an element which, as represented on these Figures 55 and 56 may in particular be of curvilinear triangular general section roughly having a plane wing profile section whose plane part and therefore the least convex and hence the shortest, generally referred to as the intrados, is oriented on the side of the blown blade 91 while the opposite face of the fin which is the most convex and therefore the most convex and the longest, referred to as the extrados, is oriented on the side of the aspirated blade 92.
  • the fin 90 divides the flow of initial blown air into two streams: a main stream and a secondary stream.
  • the main flow passes between the underside of the fin 90 and the blown soundblade 91 along an almost straight path to reach, at the speed V1, the free portion of the blown soundblade 91 that it vibrates on. escaping, during bending movements of said blade 91, by the window arranged through the blade holder 910.
  • the second flow considered as the secondary flow, joins the blown blade 91, at the speed V2, bypassing said aileron 90 on the other side, thus following a longer path imposed on it by the extrados said fin 90.
  • the velocity V2 is automatically greater than the velocity V1 and this velocity difference between V2 and V1 results in a depression in the zone where the two air flows meet.
  • a boss 93 serving as a complementary deflector for directing the flow of blown air towards the blown blade 91, is positioned at the bottom of the air channel and is shaped so as to locate the junction zone of the two flows, and therefore depression, in front of the free part of the aspired sound blade 92.
  • the depression exerted on the face of the aspirated blade 92 facing the inside of the air channel results in a steering force F 2 which is strong enough to return the free portion of said blade 92 to adjacent the outer face of its blade holder 920 thus closing the corresponding window without said force F2 is sufficiently powerful to allow the parasitic vibration of the sound blade 92 by depression.
  • the major part of the fin 90, or even the whole of the fin 90 is advantageously positioned in the half of the harmonica, delimited by the plane Px, in which is implanted the aspirated sound blade 92.
  • the fin 90 shown on these Figures 55 and 56 is of asymmetrical section, but it could equally well be of symmetrical section.
  • the figure 56 shows the operation of this device when the player draws in the harmonica: a fin 94 is positioned downstream of the blade holder 910 and 920 and is disposed at least partially between said blade holder and the bell of the harmonica.
  • the longitudinal axis of the fin 94 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the instrument is arranged parallel to the mean longitudinal plane Px.
  • the fin extends continuously over at least part of the length of the instrument and is secured to the comb and / or the inner bosses 93 by junction zones advantageously positioned in front of the walls. lateral separation of the air channels between them.
  • said fin 94 is secured directly to the chords of the counter-comb 95, the latter being themselves advantageously positioned in alignment with at least some of the walls constituting the comb, which separate the air channels. between them.
  • the fin extends continuously or not over at least a portion of the length of the instrument and is secured to the shell of the instrument by connecting rails.
  • this fin 94 may in particular be of curvilinear triangular general section roughly having a plane wing profile section having two advantageously convex faces, the flatter and therefore the less convex and hence the shortest, being hereinafter designated under the term of intrados, while the opposite face of the wing which is the most convex, therefore the most convex and the longest is designated under the term of extrados.
  • the extrados of the fin 94 is located at least in part in half of the harmonica in which the blown soundblade 91 is implanted.
  • the fin 94 divides the initial flow of aspirated air into two streams: a main flow and a secondary flow.
  • the main flow passes between the underside and the corresponding inner face of the outer shell along an almost straight path to join, at the speed V3, the aspired sound lamet 92 that it vibrates when passing, during bending movements said blade 92, through the window arranged through the blade holder 920 to join the interior of the corresponding air channel.
  • the second flow considered as the secondary flow, joins the aspirated blade 92, at the speed V4, being constrained to bypass the said fin 94. on the other side following a longer course imposed on it by the extrados of said wing 94.
  • the velocity V4 is automatically greater than the velocity V3 and this velocity difference between V4 and V3 is reflected by a depression in the zone where the two air flows meet and which results in a depression 96 downstream that tends to bring the free portion of the blown blade (91) in the vicinity of the inner face of its blade holder (910).
  • most of the fin 94, or even the entire fin 94 is advantageously positioned in the half of the harmonica, bounded by the plane Px, in which is implanted the blown soundblade 91.
  • the two blade carriers are advantageously positioned at a different distance from the mouth face 900 of the harmonica, the blade holder 920 supporting the aspirated blades being positioned further from the face of the blade. 900 mouth that is the blade holder 910 supporting the blown blades.
  • These two blade holders 910 and 920 are moreover arranged at different angles of inclination to each other with respect to the plane Px and it specifies in this regard that the principle described above using the Venturi effect remains interesting and operational even when the two blades are arranged parallel to each other as in the harmonicas of the prior art and that this particular arrangement of said parallel blade holders associated with fins described above using the Venturi effect is also claimed by the present invention.
  • the Figures 57 to 60 show a particular embodiment of a harmonica whose mouth face is convex in the mean longitudinal plane Px of the instrument along a radius R1 advantageously between 500 mm (five hundred millimeters) and 250 mm (two hundred and fifty millimeters) preferably between 300 mm (three hundred millimeters) and 400 mm (four hundred millimeters) and / or that the dimension ⁇ h is between two and six millimeters, preferably between three and five millimeters, said dimension ⁇ h being the arrow of the arc contained in the plane Px and extending from the outer side edge of the far left mouth hole to the outer side edge of the rightmost mouth hole.
  • the mouth face of the instrument in which the mouth holes are arranged is advantageously convex in the transverse direction along a radius R2.
  • each mouth of mouth is divided into two "mouth sub-holes" by a median wall whose longitudinal axis is contained in the mean longitudinal plane Px of the instrument.
  • the thickness of said medial partition wall is increasing as one approaches the lateral edges of the mouth hole concerned and this in order to facilitate the flow air through said mouth sub-holes through concave curvilinear faces that prevent the connection of said right-angled walls unfavorable to the flow of the intake or blown air flow.
  • the Figures 61 to 66 show different types of mouth holes having curvilinear faces so that the angles of said holes are as open as possible to optimize the flow of the airflow while at the same time making the lips of the player as easy as possible thanks to the least angular soft shapes possible.
  • the figure 62 shows mouth holes whose lateral faces arranged perpendicularly to the mean longitudinal plane Px are parallel to each other and whose two upper and lower end faces consist of a half-cylinder.
  • the figure 64 shows peanut-shaped mouthholes whose two upper and lower end faces consist of a cylinder part while the lateral faces are of concave curvilinear shape which results in a slight and very interesting strangling at the the central portion of said mouth hole.
  • This particular configuration mouth holes whose width is smaller in central area than it is on either side of this central area is interesting for more than one reason. On the one hand, it provides great comfort at the corner of the mouth because the reduced width of the central part of the hole prevents the lips from entering the mouth hole too much while coming to graze during rapid lateral movements. of the instrument.
  • the slightly strangely central divides without too much weaken the air flow by directing a part of this flow to the upper sound waves and the other part of the flow to the lower sound waves and directing the Upward or downward harmonica can be used for some gaming techniques to exploit this orientation of the flow to act more effectively on the upper blades or on the lower blades than can be done with the harmonicas of the prior art.
  • the Figures 64 to 66 show mouth holes whose lateral sides are curvilinear convex shapes to thus offer an interesting compromise between an optimal inlet section for said mouth holes, a rounded shape and softened angles which are less angular and less aggressive for the lips than are the mouth holes of the harmonicas of the prior art.
  • the mouth holes shown on the figure 65 are divided into two "mouth sub-holes" of sections identical to each other by an intermediate wall of the end of which the longitudinal axis is contained in the longitudinal mean plane Px of the harmonica. As shown by the different drawings of this figure 65 the two faces of these walls can be flat and parallel to each other or on the contrary be curvilinear concave or curvilinear convex.
  • Each of the mouth holes shown on the figure 66 are divided into two "mouth sub-holes" of sections identical to each other by an intermediate wall of the end, whose longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal mean plane Px of the harmonica. As shown by the different drawings of this figure 66 the two faces of these walls can be flat and parallel to each other or on the contrary be curvilinear concave or curvilinear convex.
  • FIG. 67 to 73 show a particular embodiment of the sound blades and the blade holder of the harmonica according to the invention in which several of the sound blades, or even, as is the case here, all the sound waves, 620 to 629 included , that comprise one of the blade carrier 62 constitute a monolithic assembly with said blade carrier which they are integral.
  • the sound strips 620 to 629 are made by trimming three of their four sides directly into a plate of initial thickness e1 previously profiled by removal of material in the longitudinal direction of said blade holder 62.
  • the thickness of the vibrating part of said blades is therefore constant and of a value of e2 while the sound blades whose length of the vibrating part is greater than the width u2, such as the blade 624 for example, are of a thickness e2 over part of their length while their end is of a thickness e3 greater than e2 .
  • the most serious sound blades and whose length of the free vibrating part is greater than u3, such as the blade 620 for example, represented on the figure 68 , for their part comprise a vibrating part of thickness e2 followed by a portion of thickness e3 to end at their end by a portion of thickness e1 which ballast said end enough to slow the vibrations of the blade 620 until 'at the desired serious frequency.
  • the figure 71 is a partial enlargement of the corresponding box framed on the figure 67 which shows on the one hand that the end of the free portion of the blade 624 is rounded and that on the other hand a space, marked J, exists between the edge of the blade 624 and the corresponding contiguous edge of the plate constituting the blade holder 62.
  • This clearance J is advantageously between five hundredths of a millimeter and fifteen hundredths of a millimeter to be all at once large enough to allow the blade to oscillate without touching the edges of the plate, without being too important for do not constitute sources of excessive air leaks.
  • This game J thus corresponds quite precisely to the part of metal removed during the trimming of said blades by laser cutting processes or by water jet which are particularly suitable for the production of these monolithic assemblies whose sound blades are cut directly in the blade holder.
  • the cutting path can begin and end with a round hole 6240 of radius R mini, made in the heel portion of the sound blade 624 located outside the window arranged in the counter-blade holder, so as to prevent air leakage through these priming holes 6240 and 6240.
  • the counter-blade 63 consists of a rigid metal or plastic plate against which the monolithic assembly consisting of the blades 620 to 629 and the blade holder 62 is plated.
  • the counter blade holder 63 has as many windows as the blade holder has sound blades and each of these windows intended to allow the passage of the free portion of the blade during its vibrations is of the closest possible dimensions to those of the vibrating part of the corresponding sound blade.
  • the sides of the windows are advantageously chamfered to minimize the turbulence of the air flow escaping through a window when the sound wave concerned oscillates by alternately opening and closing the passage through this window.
  • the chamfers of the windows represented on these Figures 72, 73 and 74 here are oblique planar faces that can be replaced by concave faces or convex faces, thus modifying the roundness of the sound depending on whether one is looking for a sound having a very frank attack or on the contrary a more velvety sound.
  • the plate 62 represented on the Figures 67 to 74 has been stepped profiled by bringing in certain zones its initial thickness of e1 to thicknesses of e2 and e3, but one can equally realize these thinning by reductions not stepwise, but progressive that can also allow a flexion more homogeneous of the free vibrating part of said sound blades during their oscillations.

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Claims (15)

  1. Mundharmonika (1, 2), die umfasst:
    - einen hohlen Hauptkörper (10, 20), dessen Vorderseite nach vorne offen ist, um als Schallstück zu dienen, aus dem die erzeugten Töne kommen, während die zur vorgenannten entgegengesetzte Rückseite mit Mündungsöffnungen (100) versehen ist,
    - eine Mehrzahl von Wänden (101, 201) eines Kamms, der Kanäle begrenzt, in denen jeweils ein Luftstrom zirkulieren kann, der durch den Musizierenden durch Blasen oder Saugen in Bewegung gesetzt wird,
    - mindestens ein Stimmzungenträger (11, 15, 21, 22), auf den mehrere vibrierende Stimmzungen montiert sind, die abgestimmt auf die genannten Luftzirkulationskanäle positioniert sind, wobei die Ebene der Öffnungen des Stimmzungenträgers (11, 15, 21, 22) bezüglich der mittleren Längsebene Px der Mundharmonika schräg in einem Winkel (α, β) von über 5° (fünf Grad) angeordnet ist, welche mittlere Längsebene Px die Ebene ist, die im Wesentlichen auf mittlerer Dicke des Instruments und im hinteren Bereich des Instruments im Wesentlichen durch die Achse der Mündungsöffnungen und im vorderen Bereich der Mundharmonika nahe der halben Höhe des Schallstücks des Instruments verläuft,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mundharmonika Mittel (13, 130) aufweist, die geeignet sind, einen Schub in einer im Wesentlichen zur mittleren Längsebene Px parallelen Richtung auszuüben, um den Stimmzungenträger (11, 15, 21, 22) an Ort und Stelle zu halten und ihn gegen entsprechende Anlageseiten der Wände (101, 201) des Kamms zu drücken.
  2. Mundharmonika (1,2) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die Mündungsöffnungen (100) umfassende Rückseite des Instruments und die Bereiche des Hauptkörpers (10, 20), an die der Mund des Musizierenden beim Spielen anliegt und die aus der Mundstückseite und mindestens einem Teil des oberen Deckels und mindestens einem Teil des unteren Deckels der Mundharmonika bestehen, eine monolithische Einheit mit dem Kamm bilden, der aus den Wänden (101, 201) besteht, welche die Luftzirkulationskanäle voneinander trennen.
  3. Mundharmonika (2) nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen ersten Stimmzungenträger (21) aufweist, der bezüglich der mittleren Längsebene Px der Mundharmonika schräg in einem Winkel (β) von über 5° (fünf Grad) angeordnet ist, und einen zweiten Stimmzungenträger (22), der bezüglich der mittleren Längsebene Px der Mundharmonika schräg in einem Winkel (β) von über 5° (fünf Grad) angeordnet ist, sodass die Ebenen (P1, P2), die durch die jeweiligen Anlageseiten der Stimmzungenträger (21, 22) an den Kamm führen, miteinander auf der Mundstückseite des Instruments einen offenen Dieder mit einem Winkel von über 10° bilden.
  4. Mundharmonika (4) nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zwei Stimmzungenträgerplatten (41, 42) umfasst, die so angeordnet sind, dass zum einen die Luftkanäle (410, 420), die sie versorgen, außerhalb der Stimmzungenträgerplatten (41, 42) angeordnet sind, und dass zum anderen mindestens eine der beiden Stimmzungenträgerplatten schräg bezüglich der mittleren Längsebene Px der Mundharmonika in einem Winkel (γ) von über 5° (fünf Grad) angeordnet ist, sodass die Ebenen, die durch die jeweiligen Anlageseiten der Stimmzungenträgerplatten (41, 42) an den Kamm führen, auf der Seite des Schallstücks des Instruments miteinander einen offenen Dieder in einem Winkel (γ) von über 5° (fünf Grad) bilden.
  5. Mundharmonika (2, 4) nach den vorstehenden Ansprüchen 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Stimmzungenträger (21, 22, 41, 42) symmetrisch beidseits der mittleren Längsebene Px der Mundharmonika so angeordnet sind, dass die beiden Ebenen, die durch ihre jeweiligen Anlageseiten an den Kamm führen, miteinander entweder auf der Mundstückseite oder der Schallstückseite des Instruments einen offenen Dieder bilden, und zwar in einem Winkel (2β, 2γ) von über 10° (zehn Grad).
  6. Mundharmonika (1) nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen einzigen Stimmzungenträger (11) aufweist, der bezüglich der mittleren Längsebene Px der Mundharmonika schräg in einem Winkel (α) angeordnet ist, der größer als 20°(zwanzig Grad) ist, und ferner dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stimmzungenträger (11) teilweise im ersten Halbraum, der von der mittleren Längsebene Px begrenzt wird, und teilweise im zweiten Halbraum positioniert ist, der von der mittleren Längsebene Px begrenzt wird, die durch die Achse der Mündungsöffnungen (100) führt.
  7. Mundharmonika (1, 2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der (11) oder die Stimmzungenträger (21, 22) zwischen dem Kamm und gegen einen Gegenkamm (12, 23) wie ein Sandwich eingeschlossen sind, der die Aufgabe eines Tonschiebers hat,
    - welcher Gegenkamm (12, 23) teilweise mindestens zwischen dem (11) oder den (21, 22) Stimmzungenträgern und dem Schallstück des Instruments positioniert ist,
    - der Kamm und der Gegenkamm (12, 23) mittels Druckvorrichtungen (13, 130) jeweils zueinander hingedrückt werden, die einen zur mittleren Längsebene Px im Wesentlichen parallelen Druck ausüben und den Gegenkamm (12, 23) zur Mundstückseite des Instruments ziehen sollen,
    - der Gegenkamm (12, 23) Führungsmittel umfasst, die mit komplementären Mitteln zusammenwirken, die im Hauptkörper angeordnet sind, um eine genaue Gleitpositionierung dieser beiden Elemente zueinander zu ermöglichen,
  8. Mundharmonika (2, 4) nach den Ansprüchen 5 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Mundharmonika (2, 4) zwei Stimmzungenträgerplatten (21, 22, 41, 42) umfasst, die, bezüglich der mittleren Längsebene Px schräg angeordnet sind und miteinander auf der Mundstückseite oder auf der Schallstückseite des Instruments einen offenen Dieder bilden,
    - die beiden Tonzungenträgerplatten (21, 22, 41, 42) zwischen dem Kamm und einem Gegenkamm (23, 43) mittels Druckmitteln wie ein Sandwich aufeinandergedrückt werden,
    - die beiden Ebenen, die durch die Bereiche führen, an denen der Gegenkamm an die entsprechenden Seiten der Stimmzungenträger anliegt, einen offenen Dieder jeweils auf der Mundstück- oder Schallstückseite des Instruments bilden.
  9. Mundharmonika (1, 2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet einerseits dadurch, dass sie Dichtungsmittel umfasst, die von einem biegsamen, elastisch verformbaren Element gebildet werden, die zwischen den Kontaktbereichen zwischen dem (11) oder den (21, 22) Stimmzungenträger/n und den entsprechenden Kontaktbereichen der Trennwände (101, 201) der Luftströmungskanäle vorgesehen sind, die den Kamm bilden, und andererseits dadurch, dass es Dichtungsmittel umfasst, die ebenfalls von einem biegsamen, elastisch verformbaren Element gebildet werden, die zwischen den Kontaktbereichen zwischen dem (11) oder den (21, 22) Stimmzungenträger/n und dem Hauptkörper (10, 20) der Mundharmonika (1, 2) vorgesehen sind.
  10. Mundharmonika (1, 2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet zum einen dadurch, dass sie eine oder mehrere Schrauben (13, 130) umfasst, die im Wesentlichen parallel zur mittleren Längsebene Px des Instruments angeordnet sind, welche Schrauben (13, 130) durch den Gegenkamm (12) geführt sind, um in den Hauptkörper (10) des Instruments und/oder den Kamm geschraubt zu werden und dabei eine Kraft entwickeln, die geeignet ist, den Gegenkamm (12) dem Kamm anzunähern, und gekennzeichnet zum anderen dadurch, dass sie Mittel zum Herausnehmen (130, 14) umfasst, die eine Trennung des Gegenkamms (12) vom Hauptkörper (10) zum Auseinanderbauen des Instruments (1) ermöglicht.
  11. Mundharmonika (5) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einerseits jede Mündungsöffnung (50) drei Stimmzungen (511, 512, 522) versorgt, die alle drei der gleichen Art sind, entweder so genannte Sogzungen oder so genannte Druckzungen, und andererseits gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass die Art der Stimmzungen, die von einer Mündungsöffnung versorgt werden, grundsätzlich anderer Art sind als die Stimmzungen, die von der vorhergehenden Mündungsöffnung versorgt werden, sodass jede zweite Mündungsöffnung drei so genannte Druckzungen (511, 512, 522) und jede zweite Mündungsöffnung drei so genannte Sogzungen (510, 520, 521) versorgt.
  12. Mundharmonika nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einerseits jede Mündungsöffnung drei vibrierende Stimmzungen versorgt und dass zwei dieser drei Stimmzungen jeweils Druck- bzw. Sogzungen sind, während die dritte von anderer Art ist als die beiden anderen und somit jeweils eine Druck- oder Sogzunge ist, wogegen zwei angrenzende Öffnungen grundsätzlich entgegengesetzter Art sind: eine Mündungsöffnung ist mit zwei Druckzungen und einer Sogzunge verbunden, während jede der beiden Mündungsöffnungen beidseits der vorgenannten mit zwei Sogzungen und einer Druckzunge verbunden ist.
  13. Mundharmonika (2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Luftkanäle einen Flügel (90) umfassen, der sich innerhalb des jeweiligen Luftkanals befindet,
    - die Längsachse des Flügels (90) parallel zur mittleren Längsebene Px angeordnet ist,
    - der Flügel (90) zwischen dem Eingang der betroffenen Mündungsöffnung (900) und den Stimmzungen (91, 92) platziert ist, die von dieser Mündungsöffnung (900) versorgt werden,
    - der größte Teil des Flügels (90) in der Hälfte der Mundharmonika angeordnet ist, die von der Ebene Px begrenzt wird, in der die Sogzunge (92) verankert ist,
    - der Flügel (90) den ursprünglichen ausgeblasenen Luftstrom in zwei Ströme- teilt, die in einen Hauptstrom, der direkt zur Druckzunge (91) führt, um durch die entsprechende Öffnung auszutreten, und einen Nebenstrom, der den Flügel (90) umgehen muss, unterteilt sind,
    - wobei der Geschwindigkeitsunterschied (V2, V1) zwischen den beiden Strömen in dem Bereich, in dem sie aufeinandertreffen, einen Venturieffekt bewirkt, der sich in einem örtlich begrenzten Unterdruck äußert, der den freien Teil der Sogzunge (92) in die Nähe der Außenseite ihres Trägers (920) zu ziehen sucht, wenn der Spieler durch die entsprechende Mündungsöffnung (900) bläst.
  14. Mundharmonika (2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - sie einen Flügel (94) umfasst, der teilweise mindestens zwischen den Stimmzungen (910, 920) und dem Schallstück der Mundharmonika platziert ist,
    - die Längsachse des Flügels (94) parallel zur mittleren Längsebene Px angeordnet ist,
    - der Flügel (90) den angesaugten Luftstrom in zwei Ströme teilt: und zwar in einen Hauptstrom, der direkt zur Sogzunge (92) führt, um durch die entsprechende Öffnung in den Luftkanal zu gelangen, und einen Nebenstrom, der den Flügel (94) umgehen muss,
    - wobei der Geschwindigkeitsunterschied (V4, V3) zwischen den beiden Strömen in dem Bereich, in dem die beiden Ströme aufeinandertreffen, einen Venturieffekt bewirkt, der sich in einem nachfolgenden Unterdruck (96) äußert, der den freien Teil der Druckzunge (91) in die Nähe der Innenseite ihres Trägers (910) zu ziehen sucht, wenn der Spieler durch die entsprechende Mündungsöffnung (900) saugt.
  15. Mundharmonika nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie vibrierende Stimmzungen umfasst, die eine monolithische Einheit mit dem Stimmzungenträger bilden, mit dem sie fest verbunden sind.
EP06841941A 2005-12-15 2006-12-14 Verbesserung für eine harmonika Not-in-force EP1964105B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0513014A FR2895132B1 (fr) 2005-12-15 2005-12-15 Perfectionnement pour harmonica
PCT/FR2006/002738 WO2007080269A1 (fr) 2005-12-15 2006-12-14 Perfectionnement pour harmonica

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EP1964105A1 EP1964105A1 (de) 2008-09-03
EP1964105B1 true EP1964105B1 (de) 2009-05-06

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EP (1) EP1964105B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE430974T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006006721D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2895132B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2007080269A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018200886A1 (en) * 2017-04-26 2018-11-01 Schille Ron Lewis Programmable electronic harmonica having bifurcated air channels

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111341288A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-26 安世亚太科技股份有限公司 一种微笛口琴及其制作方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19222C (de) * J. W. SCHUNK in Brunndöbra-Klingenthal Neuerungen an Mundharmonika's
BE473293A (de) *
CH331558A (de) * 1954-08-05 1958-07-31 Hohner Ag Matth Mundharmonika
US3757025A (en) * 1971-12-13 1973-09-04 C Huang Harmonicas
US4228719A (en) * 1979-07-25 1980-10-21 Keene George W Plectrum for stringed musical instruments

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018200886A1 (en) * 2017-04-26 2018-11-01 Schille Ron Lewis Programmable electronic harmonica having bifurcated air channels

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WO2007080269A1 (fr) 2007-07-19
ATE430974T1 (de) 2009-05-15
EP1964105A1 (de) 2008-09-03
DE602006006721D1 (de) 2009-06-18
FR2895132A1 (fr) 2007-06-22
FR2895132B1 (fr) 2008-02-15

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