EP1961105A2 - Ensemble circuit et procédé permettant de déterminer au moins un courant électrique dans un circuit en pont faisant fonctionner une machine électrique - Google Patents

Ensemble circuit et procédé permettant de déterminer au moins un courant électrique dans un circuit en pont faisant fonctionner une machine électrique

Info

Publication number
EP1961105A2
EP1961105A2 EP06830191A EP06830191A EP1961105A2 EP 1961105 A2 EP1961105 A2 EP 1961105A2 EP 06830191 A EP06830191 A EP 06830191A EP 06830191 A EP06830191 A EP 06830191A EP 1961105 A2 EP1961105 A2 EP 1961105A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bridge
circuit
current
circuit arrangement
electrical machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06830191A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tero Jaervelaeinen
Gilles Schmitt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1961105A2 publication Critical patent/EP1961105A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for determining at least one electrical current in a bridge circuit operating an electrical machine, which has at least two bridge branches which are connected to one another by means of connecting lines, one of the connecting lines the beginnings of the bridge branches and another of the connecting lines the ends of the Bridge branches connects together.
  • Such a circuit arrangement for determining at least one electrical current in a bridge circuit operating an electrical machine is known.
  • the bridge circuit is supplied with a constant DC voltage, for example, and forms an intermediate circuit for operating an electrical machine.
  • the electrical machine can be, for example, a multi-phase electric motor that is electronically commutated, for example, by controllable electrical circuit devices of the bridge circuit.
  • the electrical circuit devices connect the electrical machine to the DC voltage source in a predetermined sequence.
  • Electrical machines clocked in this way, such as electronically commutating direct current motors are used in many technical fields, including frequently in motor vehicles. A current measurement is often required, which is used, for example, to monitor, control or switch off when a limit value is exceeded.
  • low-resistance shunts with a downstream differential amplifier for signal processing are used to measure the current.
  • a conventional current control of a three-phase electrical machine at least two phase currents must be measured. If additional overcurrent protection is required, a number of shunts corresponding to the number of phases of the electrical machine is required.
  • a shunt is arranged in a bridge branch. Together with signal processing, the shunts represent a major cost factor.
  • a current measurement with only one shunt which is connected in the intermediate circuit between the bridge circuit and the voltage supply or the intermediate circuit capacitor, is also possible.
  • a current measurement is only possible if at least one electrical control element (for example a unipolar transistor) on the side of the bridge circuit facing the shunt and at least one electrical control element of another bridge branch on the side of the bridge circuit facing away from the shunt is turned on , otherwise no current flows through the shunt.
  • a current that only flows in the electrical machine and the bridge circuit that operates the electrical machine (free-wheeling) cannot be determined with this measuring arrangement.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1 offers the advantage that current measurement in the electrical machine is also possible in a freewheeling mode.
  • this circuit arrangement gives you the option of changing the current over time in the electrical machine when it is switched off, i.e. when the electrical is disconnected from the power supply but is in free-running mode Machine to control.
  • the part of the current flowing through the shunt is measured directly as a function of time.
  • the possibilities of this measurement arrangement in operation are not restricted compared to those of a conventional measurement arrangement. If several shunts are used, a simultaneous current measurement can be carried out; if only one shunt is used, for example, in a three-phase electrical machine, a current measurement of all branches of the electrical machine can be carried out in a timely manner.
  • each bridge branch has at least two electrical control elements arranged in series, which have a center tap between them.
  • Bridge branches of a bridge circuit constructed in this way have all the components which are required for controlling an electrically commutated electrical machine.
  • the electrical machine is designed as a three-phase motor or three-phase generator.
  • This can be, for example, a conventional three-phase motor, a brushless direct current motor (BLDC motor), which can be designed as a permanent magnet synchronous motor or asynchronous motor, and correspondingly constructed generators.
  • the machines mentioned can preferably be connected in a star connection.
  • the electrical control elements are designed as transistors, in particular field-effect transistors. Unipolar transistors are characterized by extremely low control currents, which can also be controlled by control units that have only very low output powers. In the case of power transistors, the switchable currents can be selected to be very high. At the same time, the switching times for the transistors mentioned are very short.
  • the bridge circuit is connected to an intermediate circuit operated with direct voltage. By commutating by means of the electrical control elements in the bridge circuit, the electrical machine can be operated with the DC voltage of the intermediate circuit. It is expedient if an intermediate circuit capacitor is arranged parallel to the bridge branches of the bridge circuit. This intermediate circuit capacitor ensures that a high current can be supplied sufficiently quickly.
  • the invention further relates to a method for determining at least one electric current in a bridge circuit which operates an electrical machine and has at least two bridge branches which are connected to one another by means of connecting lines, one of the connecting lines showing the beginnings of the two bridges. ge and another of the connecting lines connects the ends of the bridge branches together. It is provided that at least one current measurement is carried out in at least one of the connecting lines. With this method it is possible to measure a timely measurement of all currents of the electrical machine and their phase relationships. A current measurement is also possible in a freewheeling mode.
  • each bridge branch has at least two electrical control elements arranged in series, which are controlled by a switching unit.
  • This switching unit can be used on the one hand as a commutation device for operating the electrical machine, but it can also bring about a switching state which can be used, in particular, for the timely measurement of the currents of the electrical machine, even in free-running mode.
  • control of the control element takes place as pulse width modulation.
  • an electrical current of the electrical machine can also be measured in a freewheeling mode.
  • the electrical control elements located opposite the shunt in the bridge circuit are high-resistance, and the electrical control elements on the side of the shunt - that is to say in its vicinity - are switched to be conductive.
  • the shunt is arranged, for example, in the connecting line between a first bridge branch and a second bridge branch and, in free-running operation, measures the circulating current which flows through the parts of the first and second bridge branches involved and the electrical machine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement for determining at least one electric current in a bridge circuit operating a three-phase electrical machine
  • FIG. 2 shows the time-dependent course of pulse width modulation signals for controlling the transistors T1 to T6 over four clock periods in a first time period
  • Figure 4 shows the circuit arrangement with registered circuit currents in the bridge circuit during a freewheel.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a circuit arrangement 1 with a bridge circuit 4 that operates an electrical machine 3 designed as a star-connected three-phase motor 2.
  • the bridge circuit 4 has three bridge branches 5, 5 ′, 5 ′′ which are connected to one another by means of connecting lines 6, 6 ′, a shunt 7 being arranged in the connecting line 6 between the first bridge branch 5 and the second bridge branch 5 ′ is connected to the input of a measuring device 8.
  • the output of the measuring device 8 is connected to the input of a control unit 9 which receives a measurement signal from the measuring device 8 and which controls a switching unit 11 designed as a pulse width modulation unit 10.
  • the switching unit 11 controls via its not shown Outputs as transistors T1 to T6 - in particular field effect transistors 13 - control elements 12, 12 ' the bridge circuit 4.
  • a DC voltage source 15 of an intermediate circuit 16 is arranged parallel to the bridge branches 5, 5 ', 5 "of the bridge circuit 4, the intermediate circuit 16 having an intermediate circuit capacitor 14 connected in parallel with the DC voltage source 15.
  • the intermediate circuit 16 supplies the bridge circuit 4 for operating the electrical machine 3, the electrical machine being operated in a commutating manner by switching the control elements 12, 12 '.
  • the measuring device 8 is composed of a differential amplifier 19 and an analog / digital converter 20. which are arranged in series.
  • a current to be measured flows through the Shu nt 7, so that there is a preferably low voltage equivalent to the current, which is amplified by the downstream differential amplifier 19 and then converted via the analog / digital converter 20 into a digital value proportional to the current, which can be read out by the control unit 9.
  • An additional voltage (offset voltage) can be added to the output signal of the differential amplifier 19 by an analog adder, not shown.
  • the value of the measured current is fed to the control unit 9, which effects the switching of the control elements 12, 12 'by means of the switching unit 11.
  • the circuit arrangement 1 is used to operate the electrical machine 3 designed as a three-phase motor 2.
  • the control elements 12, 12 'designed as transistors T1 to T6 are controlled by the control unit 9 via the switching unit 11 such that the electrical machine 3 is operated in an electrically commutating manner.
  • all three currents ia, ib, ic are machine 3 and their phase relationships with one another are determined in succession by time-dependent current measurements during operation.
  • the switching states of the transistors T1 to T6 necessary for current measurement with the shunt 7 will be discussed below.
  • the measured currents can be used as control variables in order, for example, to implement a sinusoidal energization of the three-phase motor 2 with the circuit arrangement 1.
  • the feedback effect of the current measured at the shunt 7 creates a control circuit 21.
  • the control unit 9 is in this case a controller 22, the pulse width modulation unit 10 as an actuator 23, the bridge circuit 4 with the electrical machine 3 as a control system 24 and the measuring unit 8 designed as a measuring element 25 of the control circuit 21.
  • the waveforms are generated, for example, by pulse width modulation.
  • the necessary data such as pulse duration and pulse width are output by the control unit 9, which compares the current with a desired value, as a control variable to the pulse width modulation unit 10.
  • the pulse width modulation unit 10 uses this to generate the pulse width modulation signals for controlling the transistors T1 to T6. These signals for driving the transistors T1 to T6 are each shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 over four clock cycles.
  • FIG. 2 shows the switching states of the transistors T1 to T6 of the bridge circuit 4 shown in FIG. 1 as a function of time.
  • the time is plotted on the abscissa, the switching states on the ordinate.
  • a value of zero on the respective ordinate corresponds to a non-conductive state of the corresponding transistor T1 to T6, while that of zero different value corresponds to a conductive state of the corresponding transistor T1 to T6.
  • the transistors which are arranged in a bridge branch (T1 and T2 in the first bridge branch 5, T3 and T4 in the second bridge branch 5 ′ and T5 and T6 in the third bridge branch 5 ′′) are connected in phase opposition to one another at any time, so that one transistor is turned on when the other transistor of the same bridge branch 5, 5 ', 5 "is turned off and vice versa.
  • T1, T4 and T5 are switched on, so that only the current ib flows through T4 and the shunt 7 and is measured.
  • T2, T3 and T6 are switched on, so that only the currents ia and ic flow through the transistors T2 and T6, of which only the current ic also flows through the shunt 7 and is measured.
  • FIG. 3 shows the switching states of the transistors T1 to T6 of the bridge circuit 4 in another time range in which the transistors T1 to T6 are switched in such a way that the star-connected three-phase motor 2 is in freewheeling.
  • the transistors T1, T3, T5 on the side of the bridge circuit 4 facing away from the shunt 7 are non-conductive and the transistors T2, T4, T6 on the side of the bridge circuit 4 facing the shunt 7 are turned on, so that the electrical machine 3 is freewheeling in these time ranges, as a result of which circular currents are formed which flow through the connecting line 6 in which the shunt 7 is arranged.
  • FIG. 3 shows the switching states of the transistors T1 to T6 of the bridge circuit 4 in another time range in which the transistors T1 to T6 are switched in such a way that the star-connected three-phase motor 2 is in freewheeling.
  • the circuit 4 shows the circuit arrangement 1 during the time range at the end or at the beginning of the clock cycles shown in FIG. 3.
  • the three circulating currents K1 (dash), K2 (dash-dot-dot), K3 (dash-dot) flow in the electrical machine 3 and in the parts of the bridge branches 5, 5 ′, 5 ′′ in which the switched transistors are located.
  • the circuit current K1 flows through the transistor T2, the winding phases 18 and 18 ", the transistor T6 and the shunt 7;
  • the circuit current K2 flows through the transistor T2, the winding strands 18 and 18 ', transistor T4 and shunt 7;
  • the circuit current K3 flows through the transistor T4, the winding phases 18 'and 18 "and the transistor T6. Since only the circuit currents K1 and K2 flowing through the transistor T2 flow through the shunt 7, the current becomes with this connection of the transistors T1 to T6 generally measured directly.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble circuit (1) permettant de déterminer au moins un courant électrique dans un circuit en pont (4) faisant fonctionner une machine électrique (3), lequel circuit en pont présente au moins 2 bras (5, 5', 5'') reliés au moyen de lignes de connexion (6, 6'), une des lignes de connexion (6) reliant les débuts des bras (5, 5', 5'') du pont et une autre ligne de connexion (6') reliant les fins des bras (5, 5', 5'') du pont. Selon la présente invention, un shunt (7) est placé dans au moins une des lignes de connexion (6, 6') pour permettre de déterminer un courant. Cette invention concerne également un procédé correspondant.
EP06830191A 2005-12-07 2006-11-29 Ensemble circuit et procédé permettant de déterminer au moins un courant électrique dans un circuit en pont faisant fonctionner une machine électrique Withdrawn EP1961105A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005058295A DE102005058295A1 (de) 2005-12-07 2005-12-07 Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zur Ermittlung mindestens eines elektrischen Stromes in einer eine elektrische Maschine betreibenden Brückenschaltung
PCT/EP2006/069061 WO2007065830A2 (fr) 2005-12-07 2006-11-29 Ensemble circuit et procédé permettant de déterminer au moins un courant électrique dans un circuit en pont faisant fonctionner une machine électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1961105A2 true EP1961105A2 (fr) 2008-08-27

Family

ID=38089253

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06830191A Withdrawn EP1961105A2 (fr) 2005-12-07 2006-11-29 Ensemble circuit et procédé permettant de déterminer au moins un courant électrique dans un circuit en pont faisant fonctionner une machine électrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1961105A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005058295A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007065830A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009034509B4 (de) * 2009-07-24 2022-03-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Achsgetriebe für Fahrzeuge

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4710686A (en) * 1986-08-04 1987-12-01 Guzik Technical Enterprises Method and apparatus for control of current in a motor winding
DE19711414A1 (de) * 1997-03-19 1998-09-24 Philips Patentverwaltung Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Regelung eines Motors
EP1035641A4 (fr) * 1998-09-30 2008-05-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Circuit onduleur
CA2288581A1 (fr) * 1999-11-05 2001-05-05 Hui Li Capteur et estimateur d'intensite triphasee
DE10156939B4 (de) * 2001-11-20 2004-06-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben einer elektrischenMaschine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2007065830A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102005058295A1 (de) 2007-06-21
WO2007065830A2 (fr) 2007-06-14
WO2007065830A3 (fr) 2007-11-29

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