EP1960569B1 - Procede permettant d'enlever les restes d'anodes accroches aux anodes usees provenant des series d'electrolyse ignee - Google Patents

Procede permettant d'enlever les restes d'anodes accroches aux anodes usees provenant des series d'electrolyse ignee Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1960569B1
EP1960569B1 EP06841934.0A EP06841934A EP1960569B1 EP 1960569 B1 EP1960569 B1 EP 1960569B1 EP 06841934 A EP06841934 A EP 06841934A EP 1960569 B1 EP1960569 B1 EP 1960569B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stop
butt
anode
thimbles
stub
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP06841934.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1960569A2 (fr
Inventor
Didier Lescarcelle
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Fives ECL SAS
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ECL SAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/12—Anodes
    • C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
    • Y10T29/49721—Repairing with disassembling
    • Y10T29/4973—Replacing of defective part
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53274—Means to disassemble electrical device
    • Y10T29/53278—Storage cell or battery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis. More particularly, it relates to a method for removing the carbonaceous blocks and metal sleeves attached to the anode rods in order to reuse the anode rods and feet thus cleaned and to recycle the removed materials. This method essentially concerns the removal of the anode remains of the spent anodes but it may also concern the stripping of defective new anodes.
  • Aluminum is produced industrially by igneous electrolysis, that is to say by electrolysis of alumina in solution in a bath of molten cryolite, called electrolyte bath, according to the Hall-Héroult method, the electrolyte bath.
  • electrolysis cells which comprise a steel box lined internally with refractory and / or insulating materials and a cathode assembly located at the bottom of the tank.
  • Anodes typically of carbonaceous material, are attached to a superstructure provided with means for moving them vertically, said anodes being consumed progressively during the electrolysis process.
  • the assembly formed by an electrolytic cell, its anodes and the electrolyte bath is called an electrolysis cell.
  • the anodes comprise a conductive metal rod, associated with an attachment device on said superstructure and with an electrical connection device, and a block of carbon material which constitutes the body of the anode and which is introduced inside the electrolyte bath.
  • the connection between the anode rod and the body of carbon material is by via a foot, typically made of steel, integral with the base of the stem and which generally has an inverted candelabrum shape, each branch of the candelabrum being associated with a cylindrical end whose axis is parallel to the stem and which is called "log".
  • logs are introduced into recesses made on the upper face of the carbon material block and the interstices between the logs and the bores are filled by casting a molten metal, typically cast iron.
  • the metal bushings thus produced - also called “timbales” - make it possible to ensure a good mechanical attachment and a good electrical connection between the rod and the block of carbon material.
  • an electrolysis plant requires the regular replacement of the anodes that are consumed throughout the production of aluminum.
  • the regeneration of a spent anode is an economic imperative operation that consists of removing the cooled electrolyte bath remained stuck on the anode butt (residual carbon block), then remove the butt and timbales for recycling, and finally to clean, and straighten if necessary, the assembly consisting of the rod and the anode foot to associate it with a new block of carbon material and thus obtain a new anode.
  • some new anodes typically 1 to 2% of them) may have defects, for example a cracked carbon block, as they have to be set aside to be directly returned and recycled with the anodes. waste, without being introduced into the electrolysis cells.
  • the strippers were specialized, some to remove only the carbon block ("staple removers"), the others to remove only the timbales ( “Thimble strippers”).
  • staple removers the stripper and a support device are introduced between the anode remainder and the transverse branches of the anode foot, the support device being placed in contact with the underside of said transverse branches and protecting those when the stripper is actuated downwards to fragment the anode butt.
  • the staple remover described by the request DE 41 28 522 also includes a knife-shaped device that is operated from the bottom up to the end of unclipping to break up and remove the last pieces of the anode remainder still attached to the logs.
  • the patent application GB 1,269,809 describes a system comprising a downward hydraulic stripper and hydraulic side clamps.
  • This system has the advantage of offering the removal of carbon blocks (unhooking) and that of timbales (disassembly) in a single operation with the same machine.
  • the particular stripper of this application consists of a ram that strikes the butt to fragment it, said ram being provided with a scraper which, passing in the vicinity of the log, allows to deform and detach the timbales.
  • German patent application DE 44 10 599 also takes up the idea of unmounting and unmounting done with the same machine. It proposes, for each log involved, a stop device which at least partially surrounds said log and a stripping punch, the stop device and the punch being movable relative to the log and movable towards each other at by means of an actuator. Thanks to a recess which is formed in the stop device and which surrounds the log with a diameter greater than that of the timbale, the punch first fragments the butt, removes the butt fragments and deforms and detaches the timbales.
  • the object of the invention is to define a method for unclogging and dismantling used anodes (or new scraped ones) which uses a single device but does not have the drawbacks presented above, in particular which makes it possible to efficiently sort the waste. to avoid the use of heavy and expensive equipment such as specific grinders and / or magnetic deflectors.
  • the logs advance under the effect of advancing the etching device inside said recesses by driving butt portions still attached to the timbales.
  • the timbales can move from the first stop to the second stop, covered by a kind of carbon material sleeve. During all this ascent, the longer the height of the recess is large, the timbale is not mechanically solicited as the last carbon fragments fall. This makes it easy to separate the two stripping phases and thus facilitates the separate reception of the carbonaceous fragments and timbales.
  • the recess has a general shape which is based on a cylinder coaxial with the log. Its diameter typically exceeds that of the timbale of about twenty millimeters.
  • the side wall of the recess may have a surface state such that it can retain the carbonaceous material (reliefs formed in the bore, such as ridges, beads, typically in the form of helices, etc.) and generate thus a shear capable of terminating the fragmentation of the ends of the butt still hung on the log.
  • the driving device is provided with driving means which comprise at least axial protuberances which, when the butt is no longer retained by the first stop - that is to say at the end of unclogging and during unmounting - are substantially in alignment with each log.
  • driving means comprise at least axial protuberances which, when the butt is no longer retained by the first stop - that is to say at the end of unclogging and during unmounting - are substantially in alignment with each log.
  • the method according to the invention is implemented after a first cleaning of the spent anode which consists of removing the electrolyte bath which remains attached to the butt.
  • the spent anode is then directed to the unclogging and unmounting machine where the butt is placed between an abutment device and an etching device.
  • the driving device can be moved using at least one actuator, typically a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the displacement can be, as in WO96 / 25536 , a simple translation or, as in DE 44 10 599 , a rotation around a horizontal axis.
  • the displacement is effected in any substantially constant direction, generally defined by the torque formed by the relative position of the driving device with respect to the abutment device, the attack to be carried out substantially frontally. Then, the movements made in this direction will be called "axial". In practice, one chooses the vertical direction, which makes it possible to avoid the installation of an additional device of handling of the anodes.
  • the spent anode is usually transported by means of an overhead conveyor, vertically, that is to say, attached to the conveyor by the upper end of its rod.
  • its rod is held by holding means, typically centering clamps, which allow axial movement of the rod, the stem foot having to be able to move in this direction when it is reached by the driver.
  • the holding means are advantageously provided, in contact with the rod, pads with a low coefficient of friction.
  • the choice of a vertical direction also makes it possible to use gravity to recover the waste.
  • the driving device is advantageously actuated by a set of cylinders located outside the drop zone and receiving waste.
  • the pointed protuberances, or knives are arranged in one or more planes of symmetry of the geometric configuration constituted by the arrangement of the logs, which allows an attack of the butt well distributed spatially and thus avoids the formation of lateral forces susceptible to deform the stem foot.
  • the punches are in the form of a truncated cone and have a small slenderness (average height / diameter ratio typically less than 1). In this way, they are more robust and do not trap timbales once they are detached from the logs.
  • the conicity of the side wall makes it possible to "burst" the timbales as the punch advances towards the second stop. This bursting can also be promoted by equipping this frustoconical lateral wall with sharp edges projecting radially which promote fracturing.
  • Said abutment device surrounds the logs at least partially with a clearance: in particular under the effect of the displacement of the driving device, it is imperative that the rod, the stem foot and the logs can move axially while the butt and / or the timbales are blocked.
  • Said stop device at least partially surrounds each log; it has a first stop arranged so that it blocks the axial advance of the butt and a second abutment axially offset from the first and arranged so that it blocks the axial advance timpani.
  • the first and second stops only partially surround the logs, so that the stop device can freely pass the transverse branches of the foot of the anode rod shaped inverted candelabrum.
  • the forces generated during the disassembly being very high, it is advantageous to make a device which, while allowing free passage of the transverse branches of the foot of the anode rod, is provided, at least during the disassembly, d a second stop that completely surrounds the log.
  • the device described in the example below is provided with a second stop which completely surrounds the log from the beginning of the unclogging.
  • the abutment device according to the invention can be made in one piece, like the plate described in DE 41 28 522 and which includes as many indentations as there are logs.
  • it can be a thick plate whose one face, corresponding to the first stop, is provided with recesses surrounding the logs and whose bottom corresponds to the second stop.
  • such a plate would, according to the invention, be very thick since, alone, the difference in levels between the first and the second stop is substantially equal to the height of the timpani, which is typically of the order of 130 mm. .
  • this plate having a face acting as a second stop and on which are fixed around the notches reserved for the logs, and at least partially surrounding said logs, axial walls, typically cylindrical or prism-shaped, whose height is substantially equal to the height of the timpani and whose free end acts as the first stop.
  • the stop device can also be constituted, as in DE 44 10 599 , individualized devices, or units, which provide a specific and independent support around each log, as such sets generate less side forces damaging to the anode foot.
  • the device presented in the detailed example below consists of individualized devices, less bulky than those of DE 44 10 599 . It also has the particularity of having a first stop made in fact of a set of facets arranged regularly around each of the logs. In the following example, these facets, of very small area, are placed at the ends of pins arranged regularly around a ring, the upper face of the base of this ring also serving as intermediate axial stop. Said pins are not aligned with the means of the driver, bending forces are generated in the carbon block, which facilitates the fragmentation of the butt.
  • said unit comprises an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve that can move inside said outer sleeve, the upper end of said outer sleeve being integral with the frame of the machine, the lower end.
  • said outer sleeve partially surrounding the associated log and having a face acting as a first stop, said inner sleeve having an end wall which, when said inner sleeve comes into axial abutment against a wall integral with the frame of the machine, plays the role of said second stop.
  • the lower end of the outer sleeve is provided with axial lugs whose end face plays the role of first stop.
  • said inner sleeve consists of a pair of jaws that can be opened to let the transverse arms of the anode foot.
  • the spent anode (or the new anode rejected) is moved, either by the driving device or by a specific actuator, until the butt comes into axial abutment against the first stop.
  • the driving device imposes a displacement in the lower part of the anode butt while its upper part is blocked. This engenders on the butt such efforts that the latter is fragmented and the fragments are detached one after the other of the butt.
  • this first phase of fragmentation of the butt is advantageously provided with particular means, typically knives, which are for example arranged in one or more planes of symmetry of the spatial configuration of the logs.
  • the stop device is advantageously provided with axial lugs oriented downwards and arranged regularly around the logs.
  • the end face of these lugs may constitute said first stop.
  • an axial shift is chosen that is greater than or substantially equal to the height of the timpani, that is to say, typically greater than half the height of said timpani and preferably at least equal to said height.
  • This offset also makes it possible to define a period of time in which it is possible to decide to stop the advance and even to make a slight retreat, typically over a distance of the order of half the height of the timpani, to facilitate detachment. and allow the reception of the last fragments of butt and their evacuation to the grinding devices and the manufacturing facility of carbonaceous blocks.
  • the attack device is again set in motion: it continues its axial movement so that the timbales end up being blocked by the second stop.
  • the axial protuberance of the attacker continues to advance, there is a significant shear force acting directly at the border between log and timbale and said timpani eventually detach from the log.
  • the axial protuberance being designed not to hold the cup, it falls to the reception area which has just been cleared of cigarette butts fragments and it is sufficient to evacuate said timbales which are fragmented, blasted and then directed to the ovens. fusion.
  • the separation of the waste is carried out ex officio by the effective temporal separation between the two operations: unclogging then dismounting. It is then possible to design an inexpensive sorting device, and simple design: you can either direct the waste during their fall to a specific destination to the nature of the waste falling, or use a common reception area and associating at least one evacuation means that directs said waste to a specific destination to the nature of the waste received.
  • the reception table consists of a chassis anchored in the ground, which receives on its upper part a robust table. These two parts are fixed to each other by means of elastic connection means, typically damping rubber pads, which allow the absorption of shocks during the fall of the waste.
  • the entire device is provided with a dedusting network, in particular the anode stripping zone, the waste reception zone and the drop zones on the evacuation conveyors which are completely covered and connected. audit of dust collection network.
  • Another object of the invention is a stripping and unmounting machine for carrying out the method according to the invention described above, able to disinfect as much used anodes as the new rejected anodes, comprising a stop device and a device.
  • driving device said driving device being movable with the aid of an actuator towards said abutment device, said abutment device surrounding, at least partially, each log of the foot of the anode rod and having a first stop blocking the advance of the butt, said stop device being provided, around each log, with a recess having a second stop which blocks the advance of said timpani, said machine being characterized in that the axial distance between said first abutment and said second abutment is greater than or substantially equal to the height of said timpani.
  • This machine may have the additional features or variants described above and in the example below, in particular the stop device comprising units consisting of an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve sliding in the outer sleeve, the driving device having knives arranged in at least one plane of symmetry of the logs and punches arranged in the alignment of the logs, the driving device driven by a set of actuators not located in the waste reception zone and the sorting device integrated in said machine, comprising a wiper operated in a back and forth direction,
  • the spent anode 100 comprises a rod 120 of conductive metal and a butt 110 of carbon material.
  • the connection between the stem and the body made of material carbon is done via a foot 121 of steel, secured to the base of the stem and which is generally in the form of candelabrum returned, each branch 123 of the candelabrum being associated with a log 122.
  • the carbon body is attached to the rod by means of 4 logs 122.
  • the mechanical and electrical connection between the carbon body and each log is provided by a cast iron timpani 130.
  • the spent anode 100 is introduced in a vertical position in the unclogging and dismounting machine.
  • the butt 110 and the anode foot 120 are introduced between an abutment device 200 and an etching device 300.
  • the driving device 300 is driven by a set of jacks (not shown) acting vertically. To avoid cluttering the reception table, the jacks are offset and act on a thick beam 310 whose length is greater than that of the butt 110. This beam 310 is actuated by two jacks acting at each end of said beam (not shown ), thus providing a free and unobstructed space under said beam, able to collect the waste that was detached from the rest of the anode and fell.
  • the driving device has punches 320 which are substantially in alignment with each log 122.
  • sharp protuberances and knives 330 which are not placed in the axis of logs
  • said punches 320 which are in the form of thin slender truncated cones, with a rounded end 321 which has a diameter of attack less than that of logs 122.
  • these punches arrive in the vicinity of the base of the logs, in line with them. They raise the logs and their residual gangues of carbonaceous material in the bore formed in the outer sleeves 210 of the stop device.
  • the internal sleeves 220 are driven by the logs, via the timbales, until they are immobilized by a fixed wall 400, associated with the frame of the machine.
  • the bottom wall 221 of the inner sleeves then acts as a second stop 225.
  • the pointed protuberances are arranged in a plane of symmetry of the geometrical configuration formed by the arrangement of the four logs 122, which allows a uniformly distributed attack of the butt and avoids the formation of lateral forces likely to deform the stem foot 121, even the anode rod 120.
  • the abutment device 200 is here a set of four individualized units (200.1, 200.2, 200.3, 200.4), each of them partially surrounding a log 122 so that said log and the transverse arm 123 of the stem foot which is associated can move freely in the vertical direction.
  • Each unit is composed of an outer sleeve 210 whose upper end is integral with the frame of the machine and whose lower end 216 is in the form of a ring partially surrounding the associated log 122 .
  • This lower end is provided with lugs 215 whose lower face constitutes a part of the first stop 211 which blocks the advance of the butt 110.
  • the set of lower faces of the lugs occupy a surface which represents between 10 and 20% of the surface of the lower end 216.
  • An axial notch provided on the outer sleeve 210 and extending to said first stop allows the transverse arm 123 of the anode foot to move freely in the vertical direction.
  • Each unit also comprises an inner sleeve 220, consisting of a pair of jaws 2201 and 2202.
  • the inner sleeve 220 can move inside the outer sleeve 210 over a distance H at least equal to the height of the timpani.
  • the end wall 221 acts as a second stop 225.
  • the inside of the outer sleeve 210 constitutes a recess 230 which has a second stop 225.
  • the jaws 2201 and 2202 When placing the anode butt 110 between the driver 300 and the stop device 200 ( figure 2a ), the jaws 2201 and 2202 are open so as to pass the transverse arms 123 of the anode foot, When the jaws 2201 and 2202 are closed, they form a second sleeve or inner sleeve 220, whose inner diameter is slightly greater that of the log 122.
  • This inner sleeve 220 also has an axial notch 223 which allows the transverse branch 123 of the anode foot to move freely.
  • the jaws 2201 and 2202 have their lower ends united, forming a lower wall 221 which completely surrounds the log 122 and which has a bore whose inner diameter, close to that of the diameter of the logs, is significantly smaller than the external diameter timbales. In this way, the timbales drive the inner sleeve 220 during their ascent.
  • the jaws 2201 and 2202 pivot about horizontal axes A1 and A2, integral with a rod 410 which can slide with a substantial clearance inside the wall 400.
  • the set of jaws 2201 and 2202 and the rod 410 is a flexible assembly that allows the individualized centering and alignment of the inner sleeve 220 in the axis of each log 122.
  • the bottom wall 221 of the inner sleeve 220 acts as a second stop 225, immobilizing the timpani 130.
  • the punch 320 continues to drive the log 122 upwards.
  • the timbale / log interface is then strongly stressed in shear.
  • the resistance of the inner sleeve 220 to the disassembly forces is further improved if it prevents the radial opening of the jaws 2201 and 2202.
  • the outer wall of said jaws is provided with studs 229 which come into radial abutment against pins 219 placed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 210 (see the enclosed area Z in figure 2b ).
  • the reception table consists of a chassis 511 anchored in the ground, which receives on its upper part a sturdy table. These two parts are fixed to one another by means of damping pads 513 made of rubber.
  • the entire device is equipped with a dust collection network 550 .
  • the anode stripping zone, the waste receiving zone and the drop zones on the evacuation conveyors are completely covered and connected to the dedusting network.
  • the scraper 520 is guided twice by two rollers rolling in two irons U located on either side of the scraper. It slides on the upper surface of the receiving floor and is driven by a two-chain capstan system, operated by a geared motor installed at one end of the fixed frame of the table.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
EP06841934.0A 2005-12-16 2006-12-14 Procede permettant d'enlever les restes d'anodes accroches aux anodes usees provenant des series d'electrolyse ignee Not-in-force EP1960569B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0512810A FR2894988B1 (fr) 2005-12-16 2005-12-16 Procede permettant d'enlever les restes d'anodes acrroches aux anodes usees provenant des series d'electrolyse ignee
PCT/FR2006/002730 WO2007080264A2 (fr) 2005-12-16 2006-12-14 Procede permettant d'enlever les restes d'anodes accroches aux anodes usees provenant des series d'electrolyse ignee

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1960569A2 EP1960569A2 (fr) 2008-08-27
EP1960569B1 true EP1960569B1 (fr) 2015-03-11

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EP06841934.0A Not-in-force EP1960569B1 (fr) 2005-12-16 2006-12-14 Procede permettant d'enlever les restes d'anodes accroches aux anodes usees provenant des series d'electrolyse ignee

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US (1) US20080307625A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1960569B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101370967B (zh)
AU (1) AU2006334602B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2632845C (zh)
FR (1) FR2894988B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2403323C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2007080264A2 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US8594417B2 (en) * 2007-11-27 2013-11-26 Alcoa Inc. Systems and methods for inspecting anodes and smelting management relating to the same
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CN105483753B (zh) * 2015-11-27 2018-05-29 晟通科技集团有限公司 钢爪蘸石墨设备

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FR2894988B1 (fr) 2008-01-18
WO2007080264A3 (fr) 2007-12-21
FR2894988A1 (fr) 2007-06-22
CA2632845C (fr) 2014-06-03
EP1960569A2 (fr) 2008-08-27
US20080307625A1 (en) 2008-12-18
CN101370967B (zh) 2010-10-27
CN101370967A (zh) 2009-02-18
AU2006334602A1 (en) 2007-07-19
AU2006334602B2 (en) 2011-05-26
RU2403323C2 (ru) 2010-11-10
CA2632845A1 (fr) 2007-07-19
WO2007080264A2 (fr) 2007-07-19
RU2008129033A (ru) 2010-01-27

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