Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
  • B32B7/027—Thermal properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B11/00—Making preforms
  • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
  • B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
  • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
  • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
  • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
  • D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
  • D04H1/559—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving the fibres being within layered webs
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
  • D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
  • D04H1/593—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives to layered webs
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
  • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
  • B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C51/10—Forming by pressure difference, e.g. vacuum
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C51/14—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets
  • B29C51/145—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets having at least one layer of textile or fibrous material combined with at least one plastics layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
  • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
  • B29C70/443—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding and impregnating by vacuum or injection
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
  • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
  • B29C70/48—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
  • B29C70/504—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands
  • B29C70/506—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheet, powder, fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2305/08—Reinforcements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
  • B32B2305/18—Fabrics, textiles
  • B32B2305/188—Woven fabrics
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2033—Coating or impregnation formed in situ [e.g., by interfacial condensation, coagulation, precipitation, etc.]

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of the manufacture of composite parts by molding, injection or resin infusion processes.
• the invention relates more precisely to the textile complexes used for the manufacture of these composite parts, and more specifically to a complex suitable for producing three-dimensional parts requiring the use of a preformed reinforcement.
• the invention aims more particularly at facilitating the operations related to the production of these preforms, in particular to facilitate their transport and storage, as well as to limit handling operations during the manufacturing process of the composite part.
• a widely used technique for the establishment of the reinforcement consists of cutting a textile complex according to the shape of the three-dimensional part, and then manually set up in the injection mold this complex cut. It is conceivable that this technique is more suitable for almost flat parts than for three-dimensional parts. Indeed, the textile complex is of course manufactured in the plane state, and it is necessary to make cuts, folds and other draping operations to ensure that the reinforcement marries, with the minimum possible stretch, the shape of the piece to be manufactured. In the case of advanced forms, this technique can be tricky, insofar as the cut pieces of reinforcement will naturally tend to sag.
• Another known technique is to project directly into the injection mold reinforcing fibers and a binder of these fibers, typical examples of which are the trade name "P4" and "RimFire” processes.
• the reinforcement is thus made directly in the mold, it is conceived that it has exactly the desired shape.
• the realization of the reinforcement under these conditions, directly at the injection mold does not ensure a sure uniform and uniform thickness of the reinforcement, to the extent that, before binding the binder, the fibers will tend naturally to move under the effect of gravity.
• the addition of a significant amount of binder is also not satisfactory insofar as this binder can then disturb the drainage and circulation of the resin, and especially degrade the surface appearance of the composite part.
• preforms are made from reinforcements associated with a binder which gives them a certain rigidity.
• Such reinforcements have the advantage of being able to be manufactured independently of the manufacturing operation of the injected part.
• the production of preforms, in particular rigid preforms has drawbacks in terms of space, especially for storage and transport.
• these reinforcements are made by hot pressing, which does not allow to exactly respect the geometry of the final part, and requires expensive molds and presses.
• the invention therefore aims to achieve preformed reinforcements which have a great ease of transport, while being easy to achieve, that is to say without requiring heavy investment.
• Another object of the invention is to provide reinforcements which confer optimum mechanical properties to the parts they equip, that is to say which have a weight and homogeneity of thickness adapted to the composite parts they reinforce. without deterioration of the final mechanical performance by the preforming operation.
• the invention therefore relates to a textile complex which is intended to be used as a reinforcing layer for the manufacture of three-dimensional composite parts, by resin injection or infusion processes.
• a textile complex which is intended to be used as a reinforcing layer for the manufacture of three-dimensional composite parts, by resin injection or infusion processes.
• a complex therefore includes a reinforcing layer based on reinforcing fibers, which can be very varied, especially based on glass, carbon, aramid or other synthetic fibers.
• this complex is characterized in that it comprises, on one of its faces, a fixing layer based on a thermofusible material, which has a cold elongation of almost zero.
• This material has a melting temperature which is lower than the melting temperature of the other materials of the complex, so that it can melt at least partially before the materials of the textile layer are degraded.
• this fixing layer is perforated to allow the passage of the resin injected or infused during the manufacture of the composite part.
• the complex according to the invention comprises a layer which is loosely associated with the reinforcing textile layer.
• This layer may be secured to the textile layer when the complex is placed in a preform mold, then heated enough for this fixing layer to soften and adheres to the reinforcement. After cooling, this fixing layer is secured by a number of important points to the textile reinforcing layer, so that at the fold areas for example, this fixing layer maintains a kind of surface tension at the textile reinforcement.
• the hot melt material is inextensible to cold makes it possible to impose a dimensional stability of the complex when the fixing layer is cooled.
• the inextensible character, or the almost null elongation, is understood under normal stresses in the framework of realization of preformed reinforcements.
• the complex can thus be deformed, and particularly folded for transport, then recover its original shape when unfolded.
• this type of complex makes it possible to obtain soft preformed reinforcements, or pre-coated, which can therefore be handled and folded without losing the geometry that was initially given to them.
• the preformed reinforcement thus has a sort of shape memory that allows easy handling and particularly a very small footprint for its transport and storage.
• this fixing layer may be advantageous for multiple types of reinforcements, since the fixing layer has a capacity of adhesion with the textile layer, and compatibility with the resin which will be used in the manufacture of composite parts.
• the complex according to the invention can incorporate different types of reinforcement layers, whether woven textiles, uni or multidirectional, or even textile reinforcements including several superposed fibrous layers, and for example overlays of plies of threads oriented in different directions, of the "cross-ply" type. Mention may also be made of textile reinforcements including a central layer providing a draining function, acting as a spacer between two reinforcing layers, so as to allow creep of the resin during the injection or infusion process. Combinations of different reinforcing layers may also be employed, in combination with the characteristic setting layer.
• the characteristic fixing layer can be made in different ways, depending on the application and the type of textile reinforcement it accompanies.
• this fixing layer may consist of a film of thermofusible material, compatible on the one hand, with the reinforcement textile in terms of adhesion, and on the other hand compatible with the resin that will be used during the injection process.
• Such a film has the advantage of having a surface that comes into contact with the textile reinforcement by multiple points that are defined at the time of the establishment of the reinforcement in its final configuration.
• this film may be sewn with the reinforcing textile layer, or at least with a portion of the reinforcing layer when the latter comprises several superposed layers.
• the passage points of the sewing thread constitute areas of opening of the film when it has been heated to be secured to the reinforcement.
• the passage holes of the sewing thread are openings allowing the passage of the resin during the injection process.
• the fixing layer may also be made by a grid itself composed of son of hot melt materials, or a previously adhesive film, with an adhesive compatible with the textile reinforcement, and the resin that will impregnate this reinforcement.
• the fixing layer may be associated with the textile reinforcing layer by a sewing or partial bonding operation, so as to form a complex that can subsequently be used to manufacture preform reinforcements.
• the fixing layer may also be associated with a textile reinforcing layer at the very moment of producing the preform.
• the procedure consists first of putting into place in a preform mold one or more reinforcing layers based on textile fibers. Then, the fixing layer is placed above the textile reinforcing layer or layers. The fixing layer, held in the preform mold is then exposed to a heat source, in order to cause its partial melting and its attachment to the textile reinforcing layer. Subsequently, when the fixing layer has cooled, it has secured at multiple points to the textile reinforcing layer, so that it maintains the latter in its folded configuration to the shape of the mold.
• Different holding means may be employed to ensure good contact between the fixing layer and the fibrous reinforcement layer.
• means giving good results include the suction systems, which suck from the preform mold through the reinforcing layer, so that the fixing layer is plated on the reinforcing layer before exposure to the source of heat.
• the characteristic fixing layer may be used in a complementary manner to ensure the joining of zones of the textile reinforcing layer which have been cut beforehand.
• the fixing layer makes it possible to secure different sections of the reinforcement which look from each other after folding inside the preform mold.
• the fixing layer may also serve to immobilize complementary members, such as foam inserts or the like, inside the preform.
• Figure 1 is a summary perspective view of a complex according to the invention, incorporating a woven fabric reinforcement.
• Figure 2 is a summary perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the complex, incorporating a multilayer textile reinforcement.
• Figure 3 is a sectional view of an area of the folded complex, after securing the hot melt fixing layer.
• FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are brief perspective views of a preform mold shown as and when the preform is made, all first in the empty state, then in the state hosting the textile reinforcement, and finally after setting up the fixing layer.
• Figure 7 is a summary perspective view of the preform obtained in the mold of Figure 5, and returned.
• the invention relates to a complex that can be used for manufacturing a flexible preformed reinforcement that can be used in injection molding or resin infusion molding processes.
• the reinforcing textile layer (2) constitutes a bidirectional reinforcement insofar as the yarns used in warp and weft are substantially balanced. It may be for example a glass textile, carbon, aramid or any other reinforcing fiber compatible with injection or infusion processes. Unidirectional or multidirectional reinforcements may also be considered.
• This reinforcing textile layer (2) is associated with a fixing layer (3) formed by a film having a quasi-zero cold elongation, that is to say an inability to be stretched, at least under normal mechanical stresses observed. during operations of manual placement of the film in a preform mold.
• This hot-melt film (3) has a relatively low melting temperature, typically of the order of 60 to 80 ° C., allowing its exposure to heat when it is associated with the textile reinforcing layer, without degrading the properties. of the latter.
• the fixing layer (3) is secured in the example of Figure 1 to the textile reinforcing layer (2) via a seam (4) providing the formation of different holes (5) allowing the future passage of the resin during the injection process.
• the hot melt film (3) can incorporate holes previously made, increasing the passage area of the resin. If a larger passage area is desired, the film (3) can be replaced by a network of threads deposited in liquid form on the textile reinforcing layer (2), or alternatively by the grid structure including hot melt son of the same nature as the previously mentioned film.
• the reinforcing textile layer (12) may be of multiple natures, and integrate several superimposed elementary layers.
• this textile reinforcing layer (12) can integrate two elementary reinforcement layers (13, 14), comprising reinforcing fibers, separated by a draining layer (15) allowing the creep of the resin.
• a reinforcement may be formed by a product marketed under the Rovicore ® trademark by the Applicant, and combining two layers consisting of a mat of chopped glass fibers, separated by a layer of a nonwoven Polypropylene base texture to present a thickness and a spring effect.
• Multiple variants of this type of reinforcing textile layer may be employed, using a single mat of glass fibers, or alternatively one or more additional layers forming an appearance sail or the like.
• the fixing layer (11) is secured to all the elementary layers of the textile reinforcement by a sewing operation (16).
• This seam can be unique, and also ensure the joining of the various elementary layers (13-15) of the textile reinforcement (12) between them. Sewing can also be performed on only part of the layers, to ensure for example the joining of the layer of the hot melt film (11) only with the elementary layer (14) of the reinforcement to which it comes into contact.
• the heat fusible film (11) When the heat fusible film (11) is exposed to a heat source, as shown in FIG. 3, it enters a partial melting state so that it adheres to the face (18) of the textile layer reinforcement (14) on which it is placed. After cooling, the hot-melt film freezes the configuration of the textile reinforcing layer (14), so that the latter retains the fold thus produced. Indeed, the adhesion of the heat fusible film is at multiple points (19) distributed in a generally uniform manner. The inextensible nature of the hot-melt material used, when it is at ambient temperature, makes the shape of the reinforcement thus preserved.
• the use of the complex according to the invention can be done inside a preform mold, to produce preform parts by placing inside the mold, then exposure to a source of heat during its operation. keeping inside the mold.
• a preform mold (30) has a geometry corresponding to that of the part to be produced.
• Such a mold is associated with suction means (31), and has a plurality of holes (32) for providing suction towards the walls (34) of the mold.
• the textile reinforcement (36-38) is cut to drape the inner walls (34) of the preform mold. Different cuts can be made, possibly with overlays of the reinforcing textile layer. Some areas (39) of the reinforcing textile layer are then folded with either outward or inward angles. An aspiration is then created so as to attract the textile reinforcing layer (36-38) against the walls (34) of the mold.
• the film (40) of the fixing layer is then put in place above the textile reinforcement (36-38).
• This film (40) is pressed against the textile reinforcing layer, since it is attracted by the suction means.
• This hot-melt film (40) can be implemented in one piece in the case of small pieces, or even in several strips or pieces when the shape of the preform to obtain is more complex. It is possible to cover the entire surface of the textile layer, or even only certain areas that require keeping a shape memory.
• additional parts such as foam inserts or the like may be added and held in place by means of additional special portions of heat fusible film.
• this film (40) is melted by a heating system adapted to the geometry of the room, the nature of the film and the nature of the reinforcement.
• the heating is moderated so as not to degrade the core of the reinforcement.
• the suction exerted to press the film is also useful at the time of heating the film, since it allows the material of the molten film to penetrate the fibers of the reinforcement. Once the heating is removed, this suction contributes to the cooling of the film material.
• the preform reinforcement (45) can be extracted from the preform mold, to give a directly usable part, as illustrated in FIG.

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• 2005
  • 2005-12-15 FR FR0553886A patent/FR2894991B1/fr active Active
• 2006
  • 2006-12-07 EP EP06842119A patent/EP1960172A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-12-07 WO PCT/FR2006/051308 patent/WO2007068847A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-12-07 US US12/097,605 patent/US20080305701A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2008
  • 2008-06-03 TN TNP2008000239A patent/TNSN08239A1/fr unknown

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