Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C23/00—Combined instruments indicating more than one navigational value, e.g. for aircraft; Combined measuring devices for measuring two or more variables of movement, e.g. distance, speed or acceleration
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
  • G06T17/05—Geographic models

Definitions

• the field of the invention is that of methods for synthesizing a cartographic image made up of pixels and representing the distribution, on a terrain overflown by an aircraft, of the intervisibility zones.
• intervisibility zone is meant the range covered by a known potential threat.
• the threat having a radius of range, this one is a portion of sphere limited in its lower part by the relief of the ground in which the threat is.
• a 2D5 cartographic representation is a classic two-dimensional cartographic representation in top view in which the relief information has been represented in the form of shading.
• the proposed principle is to reduce, all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art, by using solid colors, uniformly covering the different parts of the intervisiblity zone considered, as opposed to the textured colors of the grid type of the prior art. , partially covering the area under consideration, thus making it possible not to lose some of the information conveyed by the displayed map, and in particular the shading information representative of the terrain relief. We then associate with each type of area a different color.
• FIG. 1 represents, on terrain T 1 the zones of intervisibility Z due to a threat M at a first altitude H of the aircraft and FIG. 2 the zones of intervisibility due to the same threat M at a second altitude H + higher than the first altitude H.
• the shading of the relief is symbolized by hatched lines. Good heard, in the case of a real presentation, the shadows are represented in dark color.
• the distribution of the zones is as follows:
• a first zone Z3 represents the zone which is situated within the range limit of threat M but outside the intervisibility zone. It has a first color represented by dotted lines in the figures;
• a second zone Z2 represents the intervisibility zone depending on the altitude. It has a second color represented by horizontal dashes. The extent of this area depends on the altitude of the aircraft. The higher the altitude of the aircraft, the more the extent of the second zone increases to the detriment of the first zone as can be seen by comparing Figures 1 and 2;
• a third zone Z1 represents the intervisibility zone which does not depend on the altitude, that is to say the zone in which the aircraft is always in sight. It has a third color represented by horizontal stripes. It does not change in Figures 1 and 2.
• the intervisibility zone in the form of a semi-transparent spherical surface representing the limits of the intervisibility zone or in the form of a portion of said region. area.
• N ° 02 14682 the applicant proposed a process for synthesizing an image for aeronautical applications comprising a cartographic representation three-dimensional terrain overflown by an aircraft, said terrain comprising at least one potential threat, the view of the terrain being surmounted by a three-dimensional surface sheet corresponding to the lower surface of the intervisibility zone.
• This image gives the pilot a very ergonomic representation of the intervisibility zone and facilitates the piloting of his aircraft.
• the object of the invention is to overcome these various drawbacks and to present the pilot the intervisibility zones in a more ergonomic manner, allowing the pilot to know reliably, on the one hand if the aircraft is in an area intervisibility and secondly, when the aircraft is outside an intervisibility zone, to know the remaining altitude margin before the aircraft enters the intervisibility zone. This significantly improves the flight safety of the aircraft.
• the subject of the invention is a method of synthesizing an image for aeronautical applications, said image composed of pixels comprising at least a two-dimensional cartographic representation in top view of a terrain overflown by an aircraft, said terrain comprising at minus a potential threat, the intervisibility zone, all of the places from which the aircraft is likely to be visible by said threat, being represented by at least one solid color, characterized in that the image also includes a second mapping representing a vertical sectional view of the terrain overflown "said cut having a cross-sectional view of the zone of intervisibility.
• the intervisibility zone on the section view is a solid color and the second representation also includes a symbol representing the position of the aircraft in the section view.
• the intervisibility zone comprises three complementary zones located in the zone of range of the threat, a first zone comprising all the places where the aircraft is constantly visible from the threat whatever its altitude , a second zone comprising all the places where the altitude of the aircraft makes it visible from the threat and a third zone comprising all the places where the altitude of the aircraft makes it invisible from the threat, the colors of the three zones being united and different.
• the solid colors can be modulated in each pixel by shading information representative of the relief of the terrain in said pixel.
• the cutting of the second representation is carried out according to a single cutting plane or according to several cutting planes, the trajectory of the aircraft being contained in said cutting planes.
• the second representation may also include a representation of the trajectory of the aircraft.
• FIG. 1 represents a cartographic representation comprising an intervisibility zone at a first altitude
• FIG. 2 represents a cartographic representation comprising the same intervisibility zone at a second altitude greater than the first altitude
• FIG. 3 represents an image comprising a cartographic representation obtained by a method according to the invention
• FIG. 3 represents an image comprising two cartographic representations obtained by a method according to the invention.
• the first representation is a top view of a terrain T overflown by an aircraft, said terrain comprising at least one geographic location where a potential threat is located M.
• the shadings O of the relief are symbolized by hatched lines.
• the distribution of the zones is as follows:
• a first zone Z3 represents the zone which is situated within the scope of the threat but outside the intervisibility zone. It has a first color represented by dotted lines in Figure 3;
• a second zone Z2 represents the intervisibility zone depending on the altitude. It has a second color represented by horizontal dashes.
• the extent of the first and second zones depends on the altitude of the aircraft. The higher the altitude of said aircraft, the more the extent of the second zone increases to the detriment of the first zone;
• a third zone Z1 represents the intervisibility zone which does not depend on the altitude, that is to say the zone in which the aircraft is always in view. It has a third color represented by horizontal stripes.
• the second representation is a vertical section view of the terrain overflown. She understands :
• This section view can be solid. It can also include strata of different colors to delimit the altitude levels.
• the intervisibility zone is of solid color. This color can be chosen identical to that of the third zone Z3 of the view above.
• the sky C is represented in a solid blue color on this section.
• the pilot immediately determines the altitude margin allowing him either to leave the intervisibility zone or not to enter it, information that the top view does not allow to determine.
• the section view can also include a symbol A representing the position of the aircraft in the section view.
• This sectional view can be represented according to different cutting planes as illustrated in FIG. 4 where the trace of the different cutting planes is represented in bold dotted lines.
• the section view can be carried out according to a single section plane P2 passing through the threat, that is to say according to a single section plane P1 situated outside this threat. It can also be carried out according to several cutting planes P3 in which the trajectory can be contained.
• the sectional view and the top view may also contain a graphic representation Tv of the trajectory as illustrated in FIG. 5 which represents a sectional view in which the trajectory Ty is represented.
• the method can be used in real flight conditions to avoid putting the aircraft in the visibility area of a threat. It can also be used for mission preparation simulations. The pilot thus determines on the ground the best trajectory allowing him to escape possible threats during the actual flight. This latter arrangement is particularly advantageous for low-altitude penetration mission preparations carried out either by airplanes or by helicopters.
• the synthesis method according to the invention requires means which are usually available on the avionics and hiivionics systems of modern aircraft.
• Man-Machine interfaces of the control station type allowing the pilot to select the information he needs. For example, the pilot may wish a cartographic representation of the terrain and of the intervisibility zone different from that linked to the actual position of the aircraft.
• a navigation unit processing the data from the sensor and sensor chains and making it possible to determine the geographic position, altitude and attitude of the aircraft.
• a unit for generating a synthetic cartographic image comprising the image of the terrain and, at least, filing the intervisibility zone according to one of the presentation modes according to the invention.
• Said unit includes:
• a cartographic database comprising at least the terrain relief information as well as the nature and positioning of the various potential threats.
• a processing unit allowing, depending on the data from the processing unit as well as information provided by the pilot, to generate the image of the terrain and the intervisibility zone.
• At least one display device arranged on the instrument panel of the MFD (Multi Function Display) type allowing real-time representation of the image of the terrain and of the intervisibility zone.
• MFD Multi Function Display
• Electronic links connect the different units of the complete system.
• the transmission of different information is done by data bus according to standards specific to aeronautics.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Remote Sensing (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
• Geometry (AREA)
• Software Systems (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Computer Graphics (AREA)
• Instructional Devices (AREA)
• Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-12-07 FR FR0512421A patent/FR2894356B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-11-24 EP EP06830120A patent/EP1958164A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-11-24 WO PCT/EP2006/068908 patent/WO2007065806A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-11-24 US US12/096,200 patent/US20080252636A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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