EP1953787B1 - Device for protecting against voltage surges with mobile contact comprising selective disconnection means - Google Patents

Device for protecting against voltage surges with mobile contact comprising selective disconnection means Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1953787B1
EP1953787B1 EP08354006.2A EP08354006A EP1953787B1 EP 1953787 B1 EP1953787 B1 EP 1953787B1 EP 08354006 A EP08354006 A EP 08354006A EP 1953787 B1 EP1953787 B1 EP 1953787B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disconnector
electrode
energy
connection electrode
connection
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Application number
EP08354006.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1953787A2 (en
EP1953787A3 (en
Inventor
Eric Domejean
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP1953787A2 publication Critical patent/EP1953787A2/en
Publication of EP1953787A3 publication Critical patent/EP1953787A3/en
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Publication of EP1953787B1 publication Critical patent/EP1953787B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/10—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess voltage, e.g. for lightning protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H01H9/465—Shunt circuit closed by transferring the arc onto an auxiliary electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/14—Adaptation for built-in safety spark gaps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overvoltage protection device comprising an overvoltage limiter with non-linear elements variable with the voltage and a disconnection device with electrical contacts electrically arranged in series with the surge protector.
  • Said disconnection device comprises a first connection electrode in electrical connection with a first connection pad, a second connection electrode in electrical connection with a second pad and a third movable pad switching electrode electrically connected to the second pad connection.
  • An actuating mechanism is provided for moving the third movable arc switching electrode to cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts when the protective device.
  • Overvoltage protection devices include an overvoltage limiter with non-linear elements variable with the voltage and a contact disconnection device actuated by an actuating mechanism.
  • the surge protector and the disconnect device are connected in series.
  • the contact disconnection device can adopt a triggering position and a latching position respectively corresponding to the open state and the closed state of the contacts.
  • An actuating mechanism causes the displacement of the contacts of the disconnection device to the open state, especially in the event of destruction of the surge arrester when said non-linear elements are at the end of their service life.
  • the contacts can generally open and close (repel) under a lightning strike without the actuating mechanism unlocking. These repulsions (openings) of the contacts during operation of the protection device are followed by an automatic re-closing of said contacts.
  • the calibration of the known protection devices is carried out so that the actuating mechanism of the disconnection device remains locked in the presence of electrical currents of lightning waves type 10/350 or 8/20. It is generally undesirable for the actuating mechanism of the disconnecting device to unlock and cause permanent opening of the contacts each time it is crossed by an electric lightning wave current.
  • the triggering energy threshold is directly dependent on the electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves for which the opening of the contacts of the disconnection device is not desired.
  • said triggering energy threshold corresponds to the threshold above which electrical currents of lightning waves of the 10/350 or 8/20 type would cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts.
  • alternating or short-circuit currents having an electrical energy greater than the triggering energy threshold cause the contacts of the disconnection device to open.
  • the protective device is effective and allows the flow of said electric currents of lightning waves without their energy is responsible for material damage.
  • the electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves having an energy lower than the triggering energy threshold do not unlock the actuating mechanism of the disconnection device to cause the opening of the contacts.
  • the known protective devices do not have the sufficient level of protection.
  • the short-circuit current having a lower energy than the triggering energy threshold can cause property damage.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide an overvoltage protection device comprising means of disconnection effective against short circuits.
  • the overvoltage protection device comprises a disconnector against the alternating or continuous short-circuit currents connected in series between the third movable arc switching electrode and the second connection pad. Said disconnector is disconnected when an electric arc is switched between the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode and said disconnector goes into a closed electrical state to an open electrical state when it is traversed by alternating or continuous electric currents. short circuit having an energy lower than a triggering energy threshold. Said triggering energy threshold corresponds to the threshold above which electrical currents of lightning waves of the 10/350 or 8/20 type cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts.
  • the disconnector against alternating currents or continuous short circuit is a thermal disconnector.
  • the thermal disconnector is a protection fuse.
  • the surge protector is connected in series with the disconnector against alternating or short-circuit currents between the movable arc switching electrode and the second connection pad, limiter and said disconnector being simultaneously off when an electric arc is switched between the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode.
  • the surge protector is electrically connected in series with the disconnection device by at least a fuse link
  • drive means exert a displacement force displacing the surge protector in case of melting of said at least one fuse link, the displacement of said limiter acting directly on the actuating mechanism to move the third switching electrode moving arc and cause the permanent opening of the contacts.
  • the drive means comprise a spring.
  • the surge protector is electrically connected to the second connection pad by two fusible links, a first fusible link acting as a disconnector against alternating or continuous currents of short circuits, a second fusible link undergoing a fusion in case of overheating said limiter.
  • the second fusible link is a low temperature solder.
  • the surge protector comprises a varistor.
  • the surge protector comprises a varistor connected in series with a spark gap.
  • a high-energy disconnector is connected in series between the first connection electrode and the first connection pad, the said high-energy disconnector being calibrated to disconnect when electrical currents having an energy greater than the triggering energy threshold.
  • the high-energy disconnector comprises means for acting on the actuating mechanism to cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts.
  • the high-energy disconnector comprises electromagnetic triggering means.
  • the high energy disconnector comprises a fuse element.
  • the third movable arc switching electrode is connected to the first connection electrode by an insulating piece forming a spark gap when the electrical contacts are closed.
  • the third movable arc switching electrode is in contact with the first connection electrode when the electrical contacts are closed.
  • the disconnector against the AC or DC short-circuit currents is off when the third moving arc switching electrode moves away from the first connection electrode and an electric arc is switched between the first connection electrode. and the second connection electrode.
  • the overvoltage protection device 1 comprises an overvoltage limiter 2 with variable non-linear elements with the voltage and a disconnecting device 3 with electrical contacts 4, 6.
  • the surge protector 2 and the disconnection device 3 are electrically arranged. serial.
  • the surge protector 2 preferably comprises a varistor 21.
  • a spark gap 22 may also be placed in series with the varistor 21.
  • the disconnection device 3 comprises a first connection electrode 40 in electrical connection with a first connection pad 41 and a second connection electrode 50 in electrical connection with a second connection pad 51.
  • connection pads 41, 51 are intended to be connected respectively to a phase and the neutral or vice versa.
  • connection pads 41, 51 are intended to be connected respectively to a phase and earth or vice versa.
  • the disconnection device 3 comprises a third movable arc switching electrode 60 electrically connected to the second connection pad 51.
  • a first electrical contact 4 is placed on the first connection electrode 40 and a second electrical contact 6 is positioned on the third movable arc switching electrode 60.
  • the third movable arc switching electrode 60 is in contact with the first connection electrode 40 when the electrical contacts 4, 6 are closed.
  • the disconnecting device 3 further comprises an actuating mechanism 7. Said mechanism is intended to be actuated to move the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and mechanically cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.
  • the disconnecting device 3 with contacts 4, 6 is calibrated firstly to discharge electrical currents of lightning waves of the type 10/350 or 8/20 without the actuating mechanism 7 being actuated, and of on the other hand to actuate the actuating mechanism 7 and cause the permanent opening of the contacts 4, 6 for alternating currents or continuous short circuit.
  • the protection devices 1 are calibrated in such a way that the actuating mechanism 7 of the disconnection device 3 remains locked in the presence of electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves. Indeed, the actuating mechanism 7 does not cause permanent opening of the contacts each time it is crossed by an electric current of lightning wave.
  • the triggering energy threshold is directly dependent on the electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves for which the opening of the contacts 4, 6 of the disconnection device 3 is not performed. In other words, said triggering energy threshold corresponds to the threshold beyond which 10/350 or 8/20 lightning-type electric currents would cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.
  • the actuating mechanism 7 When the protection device is traversed by electric currents having an energy greater than a triggering energy threshold, the actuating mechanism 7 is actuated and moves the third moving arc switching electrode 60 and mechanically causing the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.
  • the electric currents responsible for actuating the actuating mechanism 7 are generally alternating currents or continuous short circuit.
  • the protection device When the protection device is traversed by electric currents of lightning waves of type 10/350 or 8/20 having an energy lower than the trigger threshold energy, the protection device is effective and allows the flow of electrical currents of lightning waves without their energy being responsible for material damage. In addition, said electric lightning wave currents do not unlock the actuating mechanism of the disconnecting device to cause the opening of the contacts.
  • the overvoltage protection device has a disconnector against alternating or short-circuit currents 9.
  • the disconnector against the AC or DC short-circuit currents 9 is connected in series between the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and the second connection pad 51.
  • the protection device comprises an arc extinguishing chamber 101.
  • the first connection electrode 40 and the second connection electrode 50 are arranged facing the arc extinguishing chamber 101 and define the mouth of said chamber.
  • Said arc extinguishing chamber 101 comprises deionization fins 102 for cooling an electric arc 100 and extinguishing it.
  • the disconnector against alternating or continuous short-circuit currents 9 may be a thermal disconnector.
  • the disconnector against alternating or continuous short-circuit currents 9 is preferably a protection fuse.
  • the surge protector 2 is electrically connected in series with the disconnector against the AC or DC short-circuit currents 9 between the movable arc switching electrode 60 and the second connection pad 51.
  • an electric arc 100 is very quickly switched between the first connection electrode 40 and the second connection electrode 50. and the overvoltage limiter 2 and the disconnector against the AC currents or short-circuit currents 9 are simultaneously placed out of circuit and are lightly traversed by the lightning wave. Said limiter and said disconnector are then protected and are not damaged by lightning strikes.
  • the surge protector 2 is connected electrically in series with the disconnecting device 3 by at least one fuse link 9, 8.
  • Drive means 10 permanently exert the displacement force Fd on said surge protector. If at least one of the fuse links is destroyed, the surge protector 2 then moves under the action of the displacement force Fd.
  • the displacement of said limiter acts directly on the actuating mechanism 7. Said mechanism unlocks and moves the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and causes the permanent opening of the contacts 4, 6.
  • the drive means 10 preferably comprise a spring.
  • This coil-type spring is compressed and exerts the displacement force Fd directly on the varistor 21.
  • the varistor 21 is connected in series with the disconnection device 3 through two connection terminals.
  • a first terminal is connected to the disconnection device 3 by a flexible metal braid (not shown), and a second terminal is connected to the second connection pad 51 by a rigid axis integrating said at least one fuse link 8, 9.
  • the rigid axis maintains the varistor in a first position.
  • the third mobile arc switching electrode is in a so-called service position.
  • the rigid axis releases the displacement of the varistor under the action of the displacement force Fd.
  • the varistor 21 moves to act directly on the actuating mechanism 7. Indeed, as shown on the Figures 8 and 9 the varistor 21 comes into contact with a trigger bar 71 of the actuating mechanism 7 which unlocks to move the third movable arc switching electrode 60.
  • the displacement of said third electrode causes the permanent opening of the contacts 4, 6.
  • the third movable arc switching electrode 60 is then in a so-called switching position.
  • the surge protector 2 can be electrically connected to the second connection pad 51 by two fusible links 9, 8.
  • a first fuse link plays the role of the disconnector against alternating or short-circuit currents 9.
  • the rigid axis connecting the varistor to the second connection pad 51 then comprises a section calibrated to melt when said axis is traversed by short-circuit electric currents whose energy is below the tripping threshold.
  • a second fusible link 8 undergoes melting in the event of overheating of said limiter.
  • the rigid axis connecting the varistor 21 to the second connection pad 51 is soldered to the second terminal of the varistor 21 by a low temperature solder.
  • the operation of the first embodiment remains unchanged if the varistor 21 is placed in a carriage or in a mobile housing, forming a single block with the varistor 21.
  • the displacement force could then be applied to the carriage or to the housing mobile instead of directly applying to the varistor.
  • the carriage or the mobile housing could act directly on the trigger bar 71 of the actuating mechanism 7.
  • a high-energy disconnector 11 is connected in series between the first connection electrode 40 and the first connection pad 41. Said high-energy disconnector 11 is calibrated to disconnect when electrical currents having a higher energy flow through it. at the trigger energy threshold.
  • said high-energy disconnector is intended to act on the actuating mechanism 7 to move the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.
  • the high-energy disconnector 11 is then calibrated to unlock the actuating mechanism 7 when it is crossed by electric currents having an energy greater than the triggering energy threshold.
  • Said high-energy disconnector then comprises means for acting on the actuating mechanism 7 to cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.
  • the high-energy disconnector 11 comprises electromagnetic tripping means or a fuse element.
  • the third movable arc switching electrode 60 is connected to the first connection electrode 40 by an insulating piece when the electrical contacts 4, 6 are closed.
  • the insulating part forms a spark gap 22 electrically positioned in series with the varistor 21 of the overvoltage limiter 2.
  • the disconnector against the AC or DC short-circuit currents 9 is switched off when an electric arc 100 is switched between the first connection electrode 40 and the second connection electrode 50.
  • the disconnecting device comprises resetting means 72.
  • the resetting means 72 allow the displacement of said third electrode from the so-called switching position to the so-called service position.
  • the resetting means 72 it is possible to mechanically cause the closing of the contacts 4, 6 after permanent opening of said contacts.
  • the resetting means 72 also act on the actuating mechanism 7 to cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention est relative à un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions comportant un limiteur de surtension à éléments non linéaires variables avec la tension et un dispositif de déconnexion à contacts électriques disposé électriquement en série avec le limiteur de surtension. Ledit dispositif de déconnexion comporte une première électrode de raccordement en liaison électrique avec une première plage de raccordement, une deuxième électrode de raccordement en liaison électrique avec une deuxième plage de raccordement et une troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile reliée électriquement à la deuxième plage de raccordement. Un mécanisme d'actionnement est destiné à déplacer la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile pour provoquer l'ouverture permanente des contacts électriques lorsque le dispositif de protection..The invention relates to an overvoltage protection device comprising an overvoltage limiter with non-linear elements variable with the voltage and a disconnection device with electrical contacts electrically arranged in series with the surge protector. Said disconnection device comprises a first connection electrode in electrical connection with a first connection pad, a second connection electrode in electrical connection with a second pad and a third movable pad switching electrode electrically connected to the second pad connection. An actuating mechanism is provided for moving the third movable arc switching electrode to cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts when the protective device.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURESTATE OF THE PRIOR ART

Il est connu des dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions comportant un limiteur de surtension à éléments non linéaires variables avec la tension et un dispositif de déconnexion à contacts actionnés par un mécanisme d'actionnement. Le limiteur de surtension et le dispositif de déconnexion sont montés en série.Overvoltage protection devices are known that include an overvoltage limiter with non-linear elements variable with the voltage and a contact disconnection device actuated by an actuating mechanism. The surge protector and the disconnect device are connected in series.

Tel que décrit dans le document EP0441722B1 ; le dispositif de déconnexion à contacts peut adopter une position de déclenchement et une position d'enclenchement correspondant respectivement à l'état ouvert et à l'état fermé des contacts. Un mécanisme d'actionnement provoque le déplacement des contacts du dispositif de déconnexion vers l'état ouvert notamment en cas de destruction du limiteur de surtension lorsque desdits éléments non linéaires sont en fin de vie.As described in the document EP0441722B1 ; the contact disconnection device can adopt a triggering position and a latching position respectively corresponding to the open state and the closed state of the contacts. An actuating mechanism causes the displacement of the contacts of the disconnection device to the open state, especially in the event of destruction of the surge arrester when said non-linear elements are at the end of their service life.

Le dispositif de déconnexion à contacts est calibré :

  • d'une part pour écouler des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20 sans que le mécanisme d'actionnement ne soit actionné, et
  • d'autre part pour actionner le mécanisme d'actionnement et provoquer automatiquement l'ouverture permanente des contacts pour des courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit.
The disconnecting device with contacts is calibrated:
  • firstly, to discharge electric currents of lightning waves of the 10/350 or 8/20 type without the actuation mechanism being actuated, and
  • on the other hand to actuate the actuating mechanism and automatically cause the permanent opening of the contacts for alternating currents or continuous short circuit.

Les contacts peuvent généralement s'ouvrir et se refermer (répulser) sous un choc de foudre sans que le mécanisme d'actionnement ne se déverrouille. Ces répulsions (ouvertures) des contacts en cours de fonctionnement du dispositif de protection, sont suivies par une re-fermeture automatique desdits contacts.The contacts can generally open and close (repel) under a lightning strike without the actuating mechanism unlocking. These repulsions (openings) of the contacts during operation of the protection device are followed by an automatic re-closing of said contacts.

On entend par « ouverture permanente » des contacts, une ouverture provoquée par le mécanisme d'actionnement. La re-fermeture des contacts n'est possible que par une action volontaire extérieure d'un utilisateur.The term "permanent opening" of the contacts, an opening caused by the actuating mechanism. The re-closing of the contacts is possible only by a voluntary external action of a user.

En effet, le calibrage des dispositifs de protection connus est réalisé de manière à ce que le mécanisme d'actionnement du dispositif de déconnexion reste verrouiller en présence de courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20. Il n'est généralement pas souhaitable que le mécanisme d'actionnement du dispositif de déconnexion se déverrouille et provoque l'ouverture permanente des contacts à chaque fois qu'il est traversé par un courant électrique d'onde de foudre.Indeed, the calibration of the known protection devices is carried out so that the actuating mechanism of the disconnection device remains locked in the presence of electrical currents of lightning waves type 10/350 or 8/20. It is generally undesirable for the actuating mechanism of the disconnecting device to unlock and cause permanent opening of the contacts each time it is crossed by an electric lightning wave current.

Le seuil énergétique de déclenchement est directement dépendant des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20 pour lesquels l'ouverture des contacts du dispositif de déconnexion n'est pas souhaitée. Autrement dit, ledit seuil énergétique de déclenchement correspond au seuil au-delà duquel des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20 provoqueraient l'ouverture permanente des contacts électriques.The triggering energy threshold is directly dependent on the electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves for which the opening of the contacts of the disconnection device is not desired. In other words, said triggering energy threshold corresponds to the threshold above which electrical currents of lightning waves of the 10/350 or 8/20 type would cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts.

En outre, des courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit ayant une énergie électrique supérieure au seuil énergétique de déclenchement provoquent l'ouverture des contacts du dispositif de déconnexion.In addition, alternating or short-circuit currents having an electrical energy greater than the triggering energy threshold cause the contacts of the disconnection device to open.

Pour des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20 ayant une énergie inférieure à l'énergie de seuil de déclenchement, le dispositif de protection est efficace et permet l'écoulement desdits courants électriques d'ondes de foudre sans que leur énergie soit responsable de dommages matériels. En outre, les courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20 ayant une énergie inférieure au seuil énergétique de déclenchement ne déverrouillent pas le mécanisme d'actionnement du dispositif de déconnexion pour provoquer l'ouverture des contacts.For lightning-type electric currents of type 10/350 or 8/20 having an energy lower than the trigger threshold energy, the protective device is effective and allows the flow of said electric currents of lightning waves without their energy is responsible for material damage. In addition, the electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves having an energy lower than the triggering energy threshold do not unlock the actuating mechanism of the disconnection device to cause the opening of the contacts.

Cependant, dans certaines circonstances particulières, les dispositifs de protection connus ne présentent pas le niveau suffisant de protection.However, in certain particular circumstances, the known protective devices do not have the sufficient level of protection.

En effet, lorsque l'énergie des courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit devient inférieure à celle de l'énergie de seuil de déclenchement, le mécanisme d'actionnement n'est plus actionné et ne provoque pas le déplacement permanent des contacts du dispositif de déconnexion de l'état fermé vers l'état ouvert. Le risque de détérioration des composants est alors non négligeable.Indeed, when the energy of the alternating or continuous short-circuit currents becomes lower than that of the trip threshold energy, the actuating mechanism is no longer actuated and does not cause the permanent displacement of the device contacts. disconnecting the closed state to the open state. The risk of deterioration of the components is then not negligible.

Cette situation peut notamment se présenter lorsque :

  • l'impédance du limiteur de surtension devient faible après avoir reçu de nombreux chocs de foudre. Un « faible courant alternatif de court-circuit » ayant une énergie inférieure à celle de l'énergie de seuil de déclenchement circule alors dans le dispositif de protection.
  • un mauvais montage de dispositif de protection est réalisé. Notamment, lorsque qu'un dispositif de protection, habituellement branché entre une phase et neutre, est branché par exemple entre deux phases. La tension appliquée entre les phases est généralement supérieure à celle que peut supporter en permanence le limiteur de surtension. Le limiteur de surtension devient alors passant et un « faible courant alternatif de court-circuit » circule dans le dispositif de protection. Ce faible courant alternatif de court-circuit peut être réduit si la puissance du transformateur d'alimentation est faible et/ou lorsque les longueurs de câbles sont grandes.
This situation may arise in particular when:
  • the impedance of the surge protector becomes low after receiving many lightning strikes. A "low AC short circuit current" having a lower energy than the trip threshold energy then flows in the protection device.
  • bad mounting of protective device is realized. In particular, when a protection device, usually connected between a phase and neutral, is connected for example between two phases. The voltage applied between the phases is generally greater than that which the surge protector can withstand permanently. The surge protector then turns on and a "weak short circuit alternating current" flows in the protection device. This low AC short circuit current can be reduced if the power transformer power is low and / or when the cable lengths are large.

Dans les deux situations décrites ci-dessus, le courant de court-circuit ayant une énergie inférieure à celle du seuil énergétique de déclenchement, peut provoquer des dommages matériels.In the two situations described above, the short-circuit current having a lower energy than the triggering energy threshold, can cause property damage.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

L'invention vise donc à remédier aux inconvénients de l'état de la technique, de manière à proposer un dispositif de protection contre ies surtensions comprenant des moyens de déconnexion efficaces contre des courts-circuits.The invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide an overvoltage protection device comprising means of disconnection effective against short circuits.

Le dispositif de protection contre les surtensions selon l'invention comporte un déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit connecté en série entre la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile et la deuxième plage de raccordement. Ledit déconnecteur est hors circuit lorsqu'un arc électrique est commuté entre la première électrode de raccordement et la deuxième électrode de raccordement et ledit déconnecteur passe dans un état électrique fermé à un état électrique ouvert lorsqu'il est traversé par des courants électriques alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit ayant une énergie inférieure à un seuil énergétique de déclenchement. Ledit seuil énergétique de déclenchement correspond au seuil au-delà duquel des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20 provoquent l'ouverture permanente des contacts électriques.The overvoltage protection device according to the invention comprises a disconnector against the alternating or continuous short-circuit currents connected in series between the third movable arc switching electrode and the second connection pad. Said disconnector is disconnected when an electric arc is switched between the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode and said disconnector goes into a closed electrical state to an open electrical state when it is traversed by alternating or continuous electric currents. short circuit having an energy lower than a triggering energy threshold. Said triggering energy threshold corresponds to the threshold above which electrical currents of lightning waves of the 10/350 or 8/20 type cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts.

Avantageusement, le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit est un déconnecteur thermique.Advantageously, the disconnector against alternating currents or continuous short circuit is a thermal disconnector.

De préférence, le déconnecteur thermique est un fusible de protection.Preferably, the thermal disconnector is a protection fuse.

Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention, le limiteur de surtension est connecté en série avec le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit entre l'électrode de commutation d'arc mobile et la deuxième plage de raccordement, ledit limiteur et ledit déconnecteur étant simultanément hors circuit lorsqu'un arc électrique est commuté entre la première électrode de raccordement et la deuxième électrode de raccordement.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surge protector is connected in series with the disconnector against alternating or short-circuit currents between the movable arc switching electrode and the second connection pad, limiter and said disconnector being simultaneously off when an electric arc is switched between the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode.

Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention, le limiteur de surtension est relié électriquement en série avec le dispositif de déconnexion par au moins une liaison fusible, des moyens d'entraînement exercent une force de déplacement déplaçant le limiteur de surtension en cas de fusion de ladite au moins une liaison fusible, le déplacement dudit limiteur agissant directement sur le mécanisme d'actionnement pour déplacer la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile et provoquer l'ouverture permanente des contacts.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surge protector is electrically connected in series with the disconnection device by at least a fuse link, drive means exert a displacement force displacing the surge protector in case of melting of said at least one fuse link, the displacement of said limiter acting directly on the actuating mechanism to move the third switching electrode moving arc and cause the permanent opening of the contacts.

Avantageusement, les moyens d'entraînement comportent un ressort.Advantageously, the drive means comprise a spring.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, le limiteur de surtension est relié électriquement à la deuxième plage de raccordement par deux liaisons fusibles, une première liaison fusible jouant le rôle du déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de courts-circuits, une seconde liaison fusible subissant une fusion en cas de surchauffe dudit limiteur.In a particular embodiment, the surge protector is electrically connected to the second connection pad by two fusible links, a first fusible link acting as a disconnector against alternating or continuous currents of short circuits, a second fusible link undergoing a fusion in case of overheating said limiter.

De préférence, la seconde liaison fusible est une soudure basse température.Preferably, the second fusible link is a low temperature solder.

De préférence, le limiteur de surtension comporte une varistance.Preferably, the surge protector comprises a varistor.

De préférence, le limiteur de surtension comporte une varistance reliée en série avec un éclateur.Preferably, the surge protector comprises a varistor connected in series with a spark gap.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, un déconnecteur haut-énergie est branché en série entre la première électrode de raccordement et la première plage de raccordement, ledit déconnecteur haut-énergie étant calibré pour se déconnecter lorsqu'il est traversé par des courants électriques ayant une énergie supérieure au seuil énergétique de déclenchement.In a particular embodiment, a high-energy disconnector is connected in series between the first connection electrode and the first connection pad, the said high-energy disconnector being calibrated to disconnect when electrical currents having an energy greater than the triggering energy threshold.

De préférence, le déconnecteur haut-énergie comprend de moyens pour agir sur le mécanisme d'actionnement pour provoquer l'ouverture permanente des contacts électriquesPreferably, the high-energy disconnector comprises means for acting on the actuating mechanism to cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts.

Avantageusement, le déconnecteur haut-énergie comprend de moyens électromagnétiques de déclenchement.Advantageously, the high-energy disconnector comprises electromagnetic triggering means.

Avantageusement, le déconnecteur haut-énergie comprend un élément fusible.Advantageously, the high energy disconnector comprises a fuse element.

De préférence, la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile est reliée à la première électrode de raccordement par une pièce isolante formant un éclateur lorsque les contacts électriques sont fermés.Preferably, the third movable arc switching electrode is connected to the first connection electrode by an insulating piece forming a spark gap when the electrical contacts are closed.

Avantageusement, la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile est en contact avec la première électrode de raccordement lorsque les contacts électriques sont fermés.Advantageously, the third movable arc switching electrode is in contact with the first connection electrode when the electrical contacts are closed.

Avantageusement, le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit est hors circuit lorsque la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile s'éloigne de la première électrode de raccordement et qu'un arc électrique est commuté entre la première électrode de raccordement et la deuxième électrode de raccordement.Advantageously, the disconnector against the AC or DC short-circuit currents is off when the third moving arc switching electrode moves away from the first connection electrode and an electric arc is switched between the first connection electrode. and the second connection electrode.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente un dispositif de protection selon un premier mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention, en position fermé ;
  • la figure 2 représente un dispositif de protection selon la figure 1, en cours d'ouverture ;
  • la figure 3 représente un dispositif de protection selon la figure 1 en position ouvert ;
  • la figure 4 représente un dispositif de protection selon un second mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention, en position fermé ;
  • la figure 5 représente un dispositif de protection selon la figure 4, en cours d'ouverture ;
  • la figure 6 représente un dispositif de protection selon la figure 4 en position ouvert ;
  • les figures 7 à 9 représentent une première variante de réalisation du dispositif de protection selon les différents modes de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • les figures 10 à 11 représentent des vues schématiques de variantes de réalisation du dispositif de protection selon les différents modes de réalisation de l'invention.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, and represented in the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 represents a protection device according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, in the closed position;
  • the figure 2 represents a protective device according to the figure 1 , being opened;
  • the figure 3 represents a protective device according to the figure 1 in open position;
  • the figure 4 represents a protection device according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention, in the closed position;
  • the figure 5 represents a protective device according to the figure 4 , being opened;
  • the figure 6 represents a protective device according to the figure 4 in open position;
  • the Figures 7 to 9 represent a first embodiment of the protection device according to different embodiments of the invention;
  • the Figures 10 to 11 are schematic views of alternative embodiments of the protection device according to different embodiments of the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

Comme représenté sur les figures 1 à 6, le dispositif de protection 1 contre les surtensions comporte un limiteur de surtension 2 à éléments non linéaires variables avec la tension et un dispositif de déconnexion 3 à contacts électriques 4, 6. Le limiteur de surtension 2 et le dispositif de déconnexion 3 sont disposés électriquement en série.As shown on Figures 1 to 6 , the overvoltage protection device 1 comprises an overvoltage limiter 2 with variable non-linear elements with the voltage and a disconnecting device 3 with electrical contacts 4, 6. The surge protector 2 and the disconnection device 3 are electrically arranged. serial.

Le limiteur de surtension 2 comporte de préférence une varistance 21. Dans certains modes de réalisation de l'invention tels que représentés sur les figures 10 et 11, un éclateur 22 peut aussi être placé en série avec la varistance 21.The surge protector 2 preferably comprises a varistor 21. In some embodiments of the invention as shown in FIG. Figures 10 and 11 a spark gap 22 may also be placed in series with the varistor 21.

Le dispositif de déconnexion 3 comporte une première électrode de raccordement 40 en liaison électrique avec une première plage de raccordement 41 et une deuxième électrode de raccordement 50 en liaison électrique avec une deuxième plage de raccordement 51.The disconnection device 3 comprises a first connection electrode 40 in electrical connection with a first connection pad 41 and a second connection electrode 50 in electrical connection with a second connection pad 51.

Si le dispositif de protection 1 est branché entre phase et neutre, les plages de raccordement 41, 51, sont destinées à être raccordées respectivement à une phase et au neutre ou inversement.If the protective device 1 is connected between phase and neutral, the connection pads 41, 51 are intended to be connected respectively to a phase and the neutral or vice versa.

Si le dispositif de protection 1 est branché entre phase et terre, les plages de raccordement 41, 51, sont destinées à être raccordées respectivement à une phase et à la terre ou inversement.If the protection device 1 is connected between phase and ground, the connection pads 41, 51 are intended to be connected respectively to a phase and earth or vice versa.

Le dispositif de déconnexion 3 comporte une troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60 reliée électriquement à la deuxième plage de raccordement 51.The disconnection device 3 comprises a third movable arc switching electrode 60 electrically connected to the second connection pad 51.

Un premier contact électrique 4 est placé sur la première électrode de raccordement 40 et un second contact électrique 6 est positionné sur la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60.A first electrical contact 4 is placed on the first connection electrode 40 and a second electrical contact 6 is positioned on the third movable arc switching electrode 60.

Selon un mode de réalisation tel que représenté sur les figures 1 à 6, la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60 est en contact avec la première électrode de raccordement 40 lorsque les contacts électriques 4, 6 sont fermés.According to an embodiment as represented on the Figures 1 to 6 the third movable arc switching electrode 60 is in contact with the first connection electrode 40 when the electrical contacts 4, 6 are closed.

Le dispositif de déconnexion 3 comporte en outre un mécanisme d'actionnement 7. Ledit mécanisme est destiné à être actionné pour déplacer la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60 et provoquer mécaniquement l'ouverture permanente des contacts électriques 4, 6.The disconnecting device 3 further comprises an actuating mechanism 7. Said mechanism is intended to be actuated to move the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and mechanically cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.

Le dispositif de déconnexion 3 à contacts 4, 6 est calibré d'une part pour écouler des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20 sans que le mécanisme d'actionnement 7 ne soit actionné, et d'autre part pour actionner le mécanisme d'actionnement 7 et provoquer l'ouverture permanente des contacts 4, 6 pour des courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit.The disconnecting device 3 with contacts 4, 6 is calibrated firstly to discharge electrical currents of lightning waves of the type 10/350 or 8/20 without the actuating mechanism 7 being actuated, and of on the other hand to actuate the actuating mechanism 7 and cause the permanent opening of the contacts 4, 6 for alternating currents or continuous short circuit.

Le calibrage des dispositifs de protection 1 est réalisé de manière à ce que le mécanisme d'actionnement 7 du dispositif de déconnexion 3 reste verrouiller en présence de courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20. En effet, le mécanisme d'actionnement 7 ne provoque pas l'ouverture permanente des contacts à chaque fois qu'il est traversé par un courant électrique d'onde de foudre.The protection devices 1 are calibrated in such a way that the actuating mechanism 7 of the disconnection device 3 remains locked in the presence of electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves. Indeed, the actuating mechanism 7 does not cause permanent opening of the contacts each time it is crossed by an electric current of lightning wave.

Le seuil énergétique de déclenchement est directement dépendant des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20 pour lesquels l'ouverture des contacts 4, 6 du dispositif de déconnexion 3 n'est pas réalisée. Autrement dit, ledit seuil énergétique de déclenchement correspond au seuil au-delà duquel des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20 provoqueraient l'ouverture permanente des contacts électriques 4, 6.The triggering energy threshold is directly dependent on the electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves for which the opening of the contacts 4, 6 of the disconnection device 3 is not performed. In other words, said triggering energy threshold corresponds to the threshold beyond which 10/350 or 8/20 lightning-type electric currents would cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.

Lorsque le dispositif de protection est traversé par des courants électriques ayant une énergie supérieure à un seuil énergétique de déclenchement, le mécanisme d'actionnement 7 est actionné et déplace la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60 et provoquer mécaniquement l'ouverture permanente des contacts électriques 4, 6. Les courants électriques responsables de l'actionnement du mécanisme d'actionnement 7 sont généralement des courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit.When the protection device is traversed by electric currents having an energy greater than a triggering energy threshold, the actuating mechanism 7 is actuated and moves the third moving arc switching electrode 60 and mechanically causing the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6. The electric currents responsible for actuating the actuating mechanism 7 are generally alternating currents or continuous short circuit.

Lorsque le dispositif de protection est traversé par des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20 ayant une énergie inférieure à l'énergie de seuil de déclenchement, le dispositif de protection est efficace et permet l'écoulement des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre sans que leur énergie soit responsable de dommages matériels. En outre, lesdits courants électriques d'ondes de foudre ne déverrouillent pas le mécanisme d'actionnement du dispositif de déconnexion pour provoquer l'ouverture des contacts.When the protection device is traversed by electric currents of lightning waves of type 10/350 or 8/20 having an energy lower than the trigger threshold energy, the protection device is effective and allows the flow of electrical currents of lightning waves without their energy being responsible for material damage. In addition, said electric lightning wave currents do not unlock the actuating mechanism of the disconnecting device to cause the opening of the contacts.

Le dispositif de protection contre les surtensions comporte un déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9.The overvoltage protection device has a disconnector against alternating or short-circuit currents 9.

Comme représenté sur les figures 1 à 6, selon tous les modes préférentiels de réalisation, le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9 est connecté en série entre la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60 et la deuxième plage de raccordement 51.As shown on Figures 1 to 6 according to all the preferred embodiments, the disconnector against the AC or DC short-circuit currents 9 is connected in series between the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and the second connection pad 51.

Lorsque le dispositif de protection est traversé par des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20, un arc électrique 100 est très rapidement commuté entre la première électrode de raccordement 40 et la deuxième électrode de raccordement 50. Le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9 est placé hors circuit et n'est pas traversé par l'onde foudre. Le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9 est alors protégé et n'est pas endommagé par les chocs de foudre.When the protection device is traversed by electric currents of lightning waves of the 10/350 or 8/20 type, an electric arc 100 is very quickly switched between the first connection electrode 40 and the second connection electrode 50. disconnector against alternating currents or continuous short-circuit 9 is placed out of circuit and is not crossed by the lightning wave. The disconnector against alternating or continuous short-circuit currents 9 is then protected and is not damaged by lightning strikes.

Le dispositif de protection comporte une chambre d'extinction d'arc 101. La première électrode de raccordement 40 et la deuxième électrode de raccordement 50 sont disposées en regard de la chambre extinction d'arc 101 et délimitent l'embouchure de ladite chambre d'extinction d'arc 101. Ladite chambre d'extinction d'arc 101 comporte des ailettes de désionisation 102 destinées au refroidissement d'un arc électrique 100 et à son extinction.The protection device comprises an arc extinguishing chamber 101. The first connection electrode 40 and the second connection electrode 50 are arranged facing the arc extinguishing chamber 101 and define the mouth of said chamber. Arc extinguishing 101. Said arc extinguishing chamber 101 comprises deionization fins 102 for cooling an electric arc 100 and extinguishing it.

Lorsque le dispositif de protection est traversé par les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9 ayant une énergie inférieure au seuil énergétique de déclenchement, lesdits courants traversent la première électrode de raccordement 40, la troisième électrode de raccordement 60 et le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9. Ledit déconnecteur est calibré pour passer alors dans un état électrique fermé à un état électrique ouvert.When the protective device is traversed by alternating or short-circuit currents 9 having an energy lower than the triggering energy threshold, said currents flow through the first connection electrode 40, the third connection electrode 60 and the disconnector against the currents alternating or continuous short circuit 9. Said disconnector is calibrated to then go into a closed electrical state to an open electrical state.

Le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9 peut être un déconnecteur thermique. Le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9 est, de préférence, un fusible de protection.The disconnector against alternating or continuous short-circuit currents 9 may be a thermal disconnector. The disconnector against alternating or continuous short-circuit currents 9 is preferably a protection fuse.

Selon un second mode préférentiel de l'invention, tel que représenté sur les figures 4 à 6, le limiteur de surtension 2 est connecté électriquement en série avec le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9 entre l'électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60 et la deuxième plage de raccordement 51.According to a second preferred embodiment of the invention, as represented on the Figures 4 to 6 the surge protector 2 is electrically connected in series with the disconnector against the AC or DC short-circuit currents 9 between the movable arc switching electrode 60 and the second connection pad 51.

Ainsi, lorsque le dispositif de protection est traversé par des courants électriques d'ondes de foudre de type 10/350 ou 8/20, un arc électrique 100 est très rapidement commuté entre la première électrode de raccordement 40 et la deuxième électrode de raccordement 50 et le limiteur de surtension 2 et le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9 sont simultanément placés hors circuit et sont peu traversés par l'onde de foudre. Ledit limiteur et ledit déconnecteur sont alors protégés et ne sont pas endommagés par les chocs de foudre.Thus, when the protection device is traversed by lightning-type electric currents of the 10/350 or 8/20 type, an electric arc 100 is very quickly switched between the first connection electrode 40 and the second connection electrode 50. and the overvoltage limiter 2 and the disconnector against the AC currents or short-circuit currents 9 are simultaneously placed out of circuit and are lightly traversed by the lightning wave. Said limiter and said disconnector are then protected and are not damaged by lightning strikes.

Selon une première variante de réalisation, le limiteur de surtension 2 est relié électriquement en série avec le dispositif de déconnexion 3 par au moins une liaison fusible 9, 8. Des moyens d'entraînement 10 exercent de manière permanente la force de déplacement Fd sur ledit limiteur de surtension. Si au moins une des liaisons fusible est détruite, le limiteur de surtension 2 se déplace alors sous l'action de la force de déplacement Fd. Le déplacement dudit limiteur agit directement sur le mécanisme d'actionnement 7. Ledit mécanisme se déverrouille et déplace la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60 et provoque l'ouverture permanente des contacts 4, 6.According to a first variant embodiment, the surge protector 2 is connected electrically in series with the disconnecting device 3 by at least one fuse link 9, 8. Drive means 10 permanently exert the displacement force Fd on said surge protector. If at least one of the fuse links is destroyed, the surge protector 2 then moves under the action of the displacement force Fd. The displacement of said limiter acts directly on the actuating mechanism 7. Said mechanism unlocks and moves the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and causes the permanent opening of the contacts 4, 6.

Comme représenté sur les figures 7 à 9, les moyens d'entraînement 10 comportent de préférence un ressort. Ce ressort de type hélicoïdal est compressé et exerce la force de déplacement Fd directement sur la varistance 21. Selon ce mode particulier de réalisation de la variante, la varistance 21 est reliée en série avec de dispositif de déconnexion 3 à travers deux bornes de connexion.As shown on Figures 7 to 9 the drive means 10 preferably comprise a spring. This coil-type spring is compressed and exerts the displacement force Fd directly on the varistor 21. According to this particular embodiment of the variant, the varistor 21 is connected in series with the disconnection device 3 through two connection terminals.

Une première borne est reliée au dispositif de déconnexion 3 par une tresse métallique souple (non représentée), et une seconde borne est reliée à la deuxième plage de raccordement 51 par une axe rigide intégrant ladite au moins une liaison fusible 8, 9.A first terminal is connected to the disconnection device 3 by a flexible metal braid (not shown), and a second terminal is connected to the second connection pad 51 by a rigid axis integrating said at least one fuse link 8, 9.

Comme représenté sur la figure 7, l'axe rigide maintient la varistance dans une première position. La troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile est dans une position dite de service. Lorsqu'au moins une des liaisons fusibles fond, l'axe rigide libère le déplacement de la varistance sous l'action de la force de déplacement Fd. Comme représenté sur la figure 8, la varistance 21 se déplace pour agir directement sur le mécanisme d'actionnement 7. En effet, comme représenté sur les figures 8 et 9, la varistance 21 rentre en contact avec une barre de déclenchement 71 du mécanisme d'actionnement 7 qui se déverrouille pour déplacer la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60. Le déplacement de ladite troisième électrode provoque l'ouverture permanente des contacts 4, 6. La troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60 est alors dans une position dite de commutation.As shown on the figure 7 , the rigid axis maintains the varistor in a first position. The third mobile arc switching electrode is in a so-called service position. When at least one of the fusible links melts, the rigid axis releases the displacement of the varistor under the action of the displacement force Fd. As shown on the figure 8 , the varistor 21 moves to act directly on the actuating mechanism 7. Indeed, as shown on the Figures 8 and 9 the varistor 21 comes into contact with a trigger bar 71 of the actuating mechanism 7 which unlocks to move the third movable arc switching electrode 60. The displacement of said third electrode causes the permanent opening of the contacts 4, 6. The third movable arc switching electrode 60 is then in a so-called switching position.

Le limiteur de surtension 2 peut être relié électriquement à la deuxième plage de raccordement 51 par deux liaisons fusibles 9, 8.The surge protector 2 can be electrically connected to the second connection pad 51 by two fusible links 9, 8.

Une première liaison fusible joue le rôle du déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9. Selon le mode de réalisation tel que représenté sur les figures 7 à 9, l'axe rigide reliant la varistance à la deuxième plage de raccordement 51 comporte alors une section calibrée pour fondre lorsque ledit axe est traversé par des courants électriques de court-circuit dont l'énergie est inférieure au seuil de déclenchement.A first fuse link plays the role of the disconnector against alternating or short-circuit currents 9. According to the embodiment as shown in FIGS. Figures 7 to 9 the rigid axis connecting the varistor to the second connection pad 51 then comprises a section calibrated to melt when said axis is traversed by short-circuit electric currents whose energy is below the tripping threshold.

Une seconde liaison fusible 8 subit une fusion en cas de surchauffe dudit limiteur. Selon le mode de réalisation tel que représenté sur les figures 7 à 9, l'axe rigide reliant la varistance 21 à la deuxième plage de raccordement 51 est soudé à la seconde borne de la varistance 21 par une soudure basse température.A second fusible link 8 undergoes melting in the event of overheating of said limiter. According to the embodiment as shown in Figures 7 to 9 the rigid axis connecting the varistor 21 to the second connection pad 51 is soldered to the second terminal of the varistor 21 by a low temperature solder.

Le fonctionnement de la première variante de réalisation reste inchangé si la varistance 21 est placée dans un chariot ou dans un boîtier mobile, formant un bloc unique avec la varistance 21. La force de déplacement pourrait alors s'appliquer sur le chariot ou sur le boîtier mobile au-lieu de s'appliquer directement sur la varistance. En outre, le chariot ou le boîtier mobile pourrait agir directement la barre de déclenchement 71 du mécanisme d'actionnement 7.The operation of the first embodiment remains unchanged if the varistor 21 is placed in a carriage or in a mobile housing, forming a single block with the varistor 21. The displacement force could then be applied to the carriage or to the housing mobile instead of directly applying to the varistor. In addition, the carriage or the mobile housing could act directly on the trigger bar 71 of the actuating mechanism 7.

Selon une première variante de réalisation telle que représentée sur la figure 10, un déconnecteur haut-énergie 11 est branché en série entre la première électrode de raccordement 40 et la première plage de raccordement 41. Ledit déconnecteur haut-énergie 11 est calibré pour se déconnecter lorsqu'il est traversé par des courants électriques ayant une énergie supérieure au seuil énergétique de déclenchement.According to a first embodiment variant as represented on the figure 10 a high-energy disconnector 11 is connected in series between the first connection electrode 40 and the first connection pad 41. Said high-energy disconnector 11 is calibrated to disconnect when electrical currents having a higher energy flow through it. at the trigger energy threshold.

De préférence, ledit déconnecteur haut-énergie est destiné à agir sur le mécanisme d'actionnement 7 pour déplacer la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60 et provoquer l'ouverture permanente des contacts électriques 4, 6. Le déconnecteur haut-énergie 11 est alors calibré pour déverrouiller le mécanisme d'actionnement 7 lorsqu'il est traversé par des courants électriques ayant une énergie supérieure au seuil énergétique de déclenchement. Ledit déconnecteur haut-énergie comprend alors des moyens pour agir sur le mécanisme d'actionnement 7 pour provoquer l'ouverture permanente des contacts électriques 4, 6.Preferably, said high-energy disconnector is intended to act on the actuating mechanism 7 to move the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6. The high-energy disconnector 11 is then calibrated to unlock the actuating mechanism 7 when it is crossed by electric currents having an energy greater than the triggering energy threshold. Said high-energy disconnector then comprises means for acting on the actuating mechanism 7 to cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, le déconnecteur haut-énergie 11 comprend de moyens électromagnétiques de déclenchement ou un élément fusible.According to a particular embodiment, the high-energy disconnector 11 comprises electromagnetic tripping means or a fuse element.

Selon une troisième variante de réalisation des différents modes de réalisation de l'invention, telle que représentée sur la figure 11, la troisième électrode de commutation d'arc mobile 60 est reliée à la première électrode de raccordement 40 par une pièce isolante lorsque les contacts électriques 4, 6 sont fermés. La pièce isolant forme un éclateur 22 positionné électriquement en série avec la varistance 21 du limiteur de surtension 2. En cas de choc de foudre, le déconnecteur contre les courants alternatifs ou continus de court-circuit 9 est hors circuit lorsqu'un arc électrique 100 est commuté entre la première électrode de raccordement 40 et la deuxième électrode de raccordement 50.According to a third variant embodiment of the various embodiments of the invention, as shown in FIG. figure 11 , the third movable arc switching electrode 60 is connected to the first connection electrode 40 by an insulating piece when the electrical contacts 4, 6 are closed. The insulating part forms a spark gap 22 electrically positioned in series with the varistor 21 of the overvoltage limiter 2. In the event of a lightning strike, the disconnector against the AC or DC short-circuit currents 9 is switched off when an electric arc 100 is switched between the first connection electrode 40 and the second connection electrode 50.

Selon une autre variante de réalisation, le dispositif de déconnexion comporte des moyens de réarmement 72. Les moyens de réarmement 72 permettent le déplacement de ladite troisième électrode de la position dite de commutation à la position dite de service. Autrement dit, grâce aux moyens de réarmement 72, il est possible de provoquer mécaniquement la fermeture des contacts 4, 6 après une ouverture permanente desdits contacts. En outre, Les moyens de réarmement 72 permettent aussi d'agir sur le mécanisme d'actionnement 7 pour provoquer l'ouverture permanente des contacts électriques 4, 6.According to another variant embodiment, the disconnecting device comprises resetting means 72. The resetting means 72 allow the displacement of said third electrode from the so-called switching position to the so-called service position. In other words, thanks to the resetting means 72, it is possible to mechanically cause the closing of the contacts 4, 6 after permanent opening of said contacts. In addition, the resetting means 72 also act on the actuating mechanism 7 to cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.

Claims (17)

  1. Device (1) for protecting against voltage surges, comprising:
    - a surge arrester (2) with nonlinear elements that vary with voltage;
    - a disconnection device (3) with electrical contacts (4, 6) electrically arranged in series with the surge arrester (2), said disconnection device comprising:
    - a first connection electrode (40) electrically linked to a first connection area (41);
    - a second connection electrode (50) electrically linked to a second connection area (51);
    - a third, moving arc-switching electrode (60) electrically linked to the second connection area (51);
    - an actuation mechanism (7) that moves the third, moving arc-switching electrode (60) in order to cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts (4, 6),
    characterized in that it comprises a disconnector to counter AC or DC short-circuit currents (9) that is connected in series between the third, moving arc-switching electrode (60) and the second connection area (51),
    - said disconnector being bypassed when an electric arc (100) is switched between the first connection electrode (40) and the second connection electrode (50);
    - said disconnector transitioning from an electrically closed state to an electrically open state when AC or DC short-circuit electric currents having an energy below a trip energy threshold flow therethrough, said trip energy threshold corresponding to the threshold above which 10/350- or 8/20-type lightning wave electric currents cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts (4, 6).
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the disconnector to counter AC or DC short-circuit currents (9) is a thermal disconnector.
  3. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the thermal disconnector (9) is a protection fuse.
  4. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surge arrester (2) is connected in series with the disconnector to counter AC or DC short-circuit currents (9) between the moving arc-switching electrode (60) and the second connection area (51), said arrester and said disconnector simultaneously being bypassed when an electric arc (100) is switched between the first connection electrode (40) and the second connection electrode (50).
  5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surge arrester (2) is electrically linked in series with the disconnection device (3) by at least one fusible link (9, 8), drive means (10) exerting a displacement force (Fd) that moves the surge arrester (2) in the event that said at least one fusible link blows, the movement of said arrester acting directly on the actuation mechanism (7) so as to move the third, moving arc-switching electrode (60) and cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts (4, 6).
  6. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the drive means (10) comprise a spring.
  7. Device according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the surge arrester (2) is electrically linked to the second connection area (51) by two fusible links (9, 8), a first fusible link playing the role of the disconnector to counter AC or DC short-circuit currents (9), a second fusible link blowing in the event that said arrester overheats.
  8. Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the second fusible link (8) is a low-temperature solder.
  9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surge arrester (2) comprises a varistor (21).
  10. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the surge arrester (2) comprises a varistor (21) linked in series with a spark gap (22).
  11. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a high-energy disconnector (11) is connected in series between the first connection electrode (40) and the first connection area (41), said high-energy disconnector (11) being calibrated so as to disconnect when electric currents having an energy above the trip energy threshold flow therethrough.
  12. Device according to Claim 11, characterized in that said high-energy disconnector comprises means for acting on the actuation mechanism (7) in order to cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts (4, 6).
  13. Device according to Claim 12, characterized in that the high-energy disconnector (11) comprises electromagnetic tripping means.
  14. Device according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the high-energy disconnector (11) comprises a fusible element.
  15. Device according to any one of the preceding Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the third, moving arc-switching electrode (60) is linked to the first connection electrode (40) by an insulating part that forms a spark gap when the electrical contacts (4, 6) are closed.
  16. Device according to any one of the preceding Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the third, moving arc-switching electrode (60) makes contact with the first connection electrode (40) when the electrical contacts (4, 6) are closed.
  17. Device according to Claim 16, characterized in that the disconnector to counter AC or DC short-circuit currents (9) is bypassed when the third, moving arc-switching electrode (60) separates from the first connection electrode (40) and an electric arc (100) is switched between the first connection electrode (40) and the second connection electrode (50).
EP08354006.2A 2007-02-01 2008-01-24 Device for protecting against voltage surges with mobile contact comprising selective disconnection means Active EP1953787B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0700708A FR2912253B1 (en) 2007-02-01 2007-02-01 MOBILE CONTACT SURVEILLANCE PROTECTION DEVICE COMPRISING SELECTIVE DISCONNECTION MEANS AGAINST SHORT CIRCUITS

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1953787A2 EP1953787A2 (en) 2008-08-06
EP1953787A3 EP1953787A3 (en) 2011-10-12
EP1953787B1 true EP1953787B1 (en) 2016-08-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08354006.2A Active EP1953787B1 (en) 2007-02-01 2008-01-24 Device for protecting against voltage surges with mobile contact comprising selective disconnection means

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US (1) US20080186643A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1953787B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101236864B (en)
AR (1) AR065122A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2008200476B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0800086B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2602109T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2912253B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2446502C2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200800238B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101236864A (en) 2008-08-06
BRPI0800086B1 (en) 2018-09-18
EP1953787A2 (en) 2008-08-06
CN101236864B (en) 2012-09-26
US20080186643A1 (en) 2008-08-07
EP1953787A3 (en) 2011-10-12
AU2008200476B2 (en) 2010-11-25
AU2008200476A1 (en) 2008-08-21
AR065122A1 (en) 2009-05-20
FR2912253A1 (en) 2008-08-08
BRPI0800086A (en) 2008-09-16
RU2008103879A (en) 2009-08-10
ZA200800238B (en) 2009-04-29
ES2602109T3 (en) 2017-02-17
FR2912253B1 (en) 2009-03-06
RU2446502C2 (en) 2012-03-27

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