EP1952891A2 - Single-dose spraying container, spraying nozzle and single-dose spraying kit - Google Patents

Single-dose spraying container, spraying nozzle and single-dose spraying kit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1952891A2
EP1952891A2 EP20080101274 EP08101274A EP1952891A2 EP 1952891 A2 EP1952891 A2 EP 1952891A2 EP 20080101274 EP20080101274 EP 20080101274 EP 08101274 A EP08101274 A EP 08101274A EP 1952891 A2 EP1952891 A2 EP 1952891A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
plunger
opening
spray
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20080101274
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1952891A3 (en
Inventor
François Andro
Eric Armand
Matthew Stubbings
Camille Schmit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Laboratoire de la Mer SAS
Original Assignee
Laboratoire de la Mer SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Laboratoire de la Mer SAS filed Critical Laboratoire de la Mer SAS
Publication of EP1952891A2 publication Critical patent/EP1952891A2/en
Publication of EP1952891A3 publication Critical patent/EP1952891A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/04—Deformable containers producing the flow, e.g. squeeze bottles
    • B05B11/042—Deformable containers producing the flow, e.g. squeeze bottles the spray being effected by a gas or vapour flow in the nozzle, spray head, outlet or dip tube
    • B05B11/043—Deformable containers producing the flow, e.g. squeeze bottles the spray being effected by a gas or vapour flow in the nozzle, spray head, outlet or dip tube designed for spraying a liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/30—Dip tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a single-dose spray container, a spray tip and a single-dose spray kit. These elements are disposable or reusable and allow misting with a single-dose container of defined shape or not.
  • Single-dose plastic vials are widely used for the administration of perishable pharmaceutical products or cosmetics and / or requiring several applications per day, in particular because of the transport and use conveniences they offer.
  • these single-dose vials have the disadvantage that the liquid they contain flows in a jet when pressure is exerted on their side wall.
  • the jet is too aggressive, especially in the case of application to the nasal mucosa of infants and children, or the jet is too localized, especially for topical applications of disinfectants or cosmetics.
  • Spray administration is therefore preferred so as to make the contact less aggressive, to increase the area of product applied at one time to the area to be treated and / or to increase the penetration of the product applied in the mucous membranes in particular.
  • Spray tips are described in particular in the following patents: WO 97/07897 , FR 2,840,549 , US 5,855,322 , WO 03/041865 , US 4,415-12 and US 4,020,979 .
  • spraying means the formation of droplets in the form of misting.
  • single-dose vial plastic vials containing the amount corresponding to a single application dose of a liquid product. Such flasks are obtained by extrusion blow-filling.
  • the single dose vials include the Company GILBERT marketed under the PHYSIOMER ® brand.
  • the single-dose container comprises a flexible bottle whose opening is surmounted by a spray tip, said tip comprising a nozzle of generally cylindrical shape, the upper end has a spray opening and the opposite end is extended by a plunger of smaller diameter, said plunger being inserted into the flask through the opening of the flask and the lower part of the nozzle bearing on the upper wall of the opening of the single-dose flask, the nozzle and the plunger being crossed along their longitudinal axis by a through cavity, said through cavity having at the nozzle a droplet generation means, the plunger having a free end mechanically reinforced by a means selected from the group comprising: a beveled shape, a screw thread , a longitudinal through opening forming a crow's foot whose openings open on the oi the free end of the diver, and their combinations.
  • the mechanical reinforcing means of the free end of the plunger facilitate the insertion of the plunger into the opening of a vial by giving it a resistance which makes it possible to avoid the deformation of said end of the plunger at the moment of insertion. This is particularly useful in cases where the tip is intended to be forcibly placed on a single-dose vial. Reinforcement can be provided by a beveled shape of the free end of the plunger. A significant mechanical resistance can also be conferred on the free end of the plunger in that the longitudinal through cavity forms in the lower part of the plunger a crowbar whose openings open symmetrically on the wall of the free end of the plunger . The mechanical strength can also be conferred by a screw thread disposed at the free end of said plunger.
  • the thread is particularly suitable in the case where the tip is intended to be used on single dose vials whose tear opening has a diameter of between 0.2 and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 1, 5 mm and more preferably between 0.8 and 1.2 mm.
  • the combinations of these mechanical reinforcing means make it possible to increase all the more the mechanical resistance to the deformation undergone at the moment of insertion of the plunger into the bottle.
  • the droplet generation means may consist of a longitudinal cavity having zones of different diameters in which is present an element making it possible to force the passage of the product towards the walls of the through-cavity in its zone of larger diameter and an element permitting to force the product towards the center by imposing a swirling motion near the spray opening.
  • These elements can be molded in one piece or may be separate elements inserted into the through cavity of the nozzle.
  • Such droplet generation means may be similar to those marketed by REXAM or MICROSPRAY companies.
  • the shape and size of the droplet generation means are of course adapted according to the nature of the product to be sprayed, in particular its viscosity and the use for which it is intended.
  • the opening of the plunger may be at about one-third of the height of the flask.
  • the container according to the invention is either made in one piece, for example by extrusion blow-filling, or is manufactured in two pieces which are, after filling the bottle, made integral.
  • either the tip and the bottle are molded in one piece or the tip is placed on the opening of a pre-filled bottle.
  • the diameter of the plunger is substantially greater than that of the opening of the single-dose vial so that it is forced in and is not ejected when pressure is exerted on the wall. of the single-dose vial during use.
  • the seal can be improved when the tip has a sealing ring that allows to clamp the free edge of the opening of the bottle on the lower part of the sealing ring.
  • the outer wall of the nozzle may include gripping areas. These gripping areas may be rough areas so that the fingers do not slip when it comes to place the tip according to the invention in the opening of a single-dose vial.
  • plastic material of food grade or pharmaceutical there may be mentioned all families of plastics that can be injection molded, for example, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, etc.
  • the container and the nozzle can take any other form for use and an advantageous embodiment.
  • the invention also relates to a spray tip, said tip comprising a nozzle of generally cylindrical shape, the upper end has a spray opening and the opposite end is extended by a plunger of smaller diameter, said plunger being inserted into the bottle through the opening of the bottle and the lower part of the nozzle bearing on the upper wall of the opening of the single dose vial, the nozzle and the plunger being traversed along their longitudinal axis by a through cavity, said through cavity having nozzle level means for generating droplets, the plunger having a free end reinforced mechanically by a means selected from the group comprising: a beveled shape, a screw thread, a longitudinal through opening forming a crow's foot whose openings open on the wall of the free end of the plunger, and their combinations.
  • the spray nozzle is characterized in that the means for generating the droplets may consist of a longitudinal cavity having zones of different diameters in which is present an element making it possible to force the passage of the product towards the walls of the through cavity in its zone of larger diameter and an element for forcing the product towards the center by imposing a swirling motion near the spray opening.
  • the nozzle is separated from the plunger by a sealing element.
  • This sealing element may be a ring optionally having a slot in its lower part for effective cooperation with the upper edge of the bottle on which the tip may be placed.
  • the outer wall of the nozzle as defined above may, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, comprise gripping zones that prevent the fingers of the user from sliding at the time of insertion of the mouthpiece in the opening of a single-dose vial.
  • the tip defined above is made of plastic material of food grade or pharmaceutical.
  • the invention also relates to a kit containing a tip as defined above and at least one filled flexible single-dose vial with breakable opening.
  • the single-dose spray container, the spray nozzle, and the spray kit. spraying are useful for the administration of pharmaceutical or cosmetic products.
  • the applications of the devices are numerous.
  • the nozzle may be provided with an atrial cannula to prevent penetration into the ear cavity.
  • This cannula has grooves for the depression of the ear.
  • the nozzle can also be provided with an anti-intrusive collar for applications in the nose of children and infants.
  • Other applications may be topical applications including cleaners, disinfectants such as betadine, eosin, methylene blue, etc.
  • a spray nozzle 1 comprising a nozzle 2 of generally cylindrical shape constituting its upper part and a plunger 3 constituting its lower part which is generally cylindrical in shape with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the nozzle 2.
  • the upper face 2a of the nozzle comprises a central opening 4 by which the product 5 is sprayed.
  • the lower part 2b of the nozzle is bevelled and a sealing ring 6 connects the bevelled part 2b of the nozzle to the plunger 3.
  • the free part of the plunger is beveled 7 and it is provided with a screw thread 8. It also comprises two diametrically opposed openings 9a allowing the entry of the product 5 into the spray tip 1.
  • a spray tip 10 is shown in more detail a spray tip 10 according to a particular embodiment.
  • the spray tip 10 comprises a nozzle 11 and a plunger 12 connected by a sealing ring 13.
  • the spray tip 10 is traversed longitudinally by a cavity 14 through which the product 15 will circulate and whose shape will allow the formation of droplets.
  • the cavity 14 is generally cylindrical in shape, centered along the longitudinal axis 16 of the nozzle 10. In its upper portion 14a it is of very small diameter, for example the order of 1 mm, then its diameter widens to form a shoulder 17, for example of the order of 4 mm, it then has its maximum diameter over its entire central portion 14b which occupies the entire length of the nozzle, then a new shoulder 18 decreases the diameter of the cavity.
  • the diameter for example of the order of 1 mm, remains constant throughout its portion 14c through the plunger.
  • this cavity 14c separates into two cavities 14d in the form of crow's feet opening along the bevelled wall of the plunger.
  • the zone 14b is obstructed by a central element 19 of generally cylindrical shape with a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the cavity 14b and having over a portion of its length and over at least a portion of its periphery protuberances 20.
  • Said protuberances 20 are a size such that they fill the space left free between the walls of the cavity 14b and the central element 19. Slots 21 are thus formed around the shutter element 19.
  • the shoulder 17 is shown in detail on the figure 4 on which it is seen that it has on its outer periphery a protrusion 22 and three radial protuberances 23 regularly arranged around the central opening 24.
  • a single-dose spray container 25 This comprises a bottle 26 filled with liquid 27 on the opening of which is fixed a spray nozzle 28 comprising a nozzle 29 and a plunger 30.
  • a sales unit for example a blister, comprising a spray kit according to the invention.
  • This blister 29 comprises a spray nozzle 30 and a single-dose vial 31 pre-filled with liquid 32 and sealed by the stopper 33.
  • the sealing ring 36 snaps onto the opening of the bottle 31.
  • the spray bottle thus formed can be used as described above.
  • the bottle can be placed in any desired position since when manual pressure is applied to the walls of the single-dose vial the openings 14d of the plunger are covered with liquid spray.

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  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The container has a flexible flask with opening surmounted with a spray cap (10), where the shape of the cap permits formation of droplets. The cap has a nozzle (11) whose end is extended through a plunger (12). A lower part of the nozzle is supported on an upper wall of a spray opening. The nozzle and the plunger are crossed along a longitudinal axis via a through cavity (14). The plunger has a free end reinforced mechanically by a beveled shaped unit, screw thread or the cavity. The cavity forms a close wing shovel (14d) whose openings project on a wall of the free end of the plunger.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un container unidose pulvérisateur, un embout de pulvérisation et un kit de pulvérisation unidose. Ces éléments sont jetables ou réutilisables et permettent une brumisation à l'aide d'un container unidose de forme définie ou non.The present invention relates to a single-dose spray container, a spray tip and a single-dose spray kit. These elements are disposable or reusable and allow misting with a single-dose container of defined shape or not.

Les flacons plastiques unidoses sont très répandus pour l'administration de produits pharmaceutiques ou cosmétiques périssables et/ou nécessitant plusieurs applications par jour, notamment en raison des commodités de transport et utilisation qu'ils offrent.Single-dose plastic vials are widely used for the administration of perishable pharmaceutical products or cosmetics and / or requiring several applications per day, in particular because of the transport and use conveniences they offer.

Cependant ces flacons unidoses présentent l'inconvénient que le liquide qu'ils renferment s'écoule en un jet lorsque l'on exerce une pression sur leur paroi latérale. Or pour certaines applications, le jet est trop agressif, notamment dans le cas d'application sur les muqueuses nasales des nourrissons et enfants, ou bien le jet est trop localisé, notamment pour des applications topiques de produits désinfectants ou cosmétiques. Une administration par pulvérisation est donc préférée de façon à rendre le contact moins agressif, à augmenter la surface de produit appliqué en une seule fois sur la zone à traiter et/ou à augmenter la pénétration du produit appliqué dans les muqueuses notamment.However, these single-dose vials have the disadvantage that the liquid they contain flows in a jet when pressure is exerted on their side wall. However, for some applications, the jet is too aggressive, especially in the case of application to the nasal mucosa of infants and children, or the jet is too localized, especially for topical applications of disinfectants or cosmetics. Spray administration is therefore preferred so as to make the contact less aggressive, to increase the area of product applied at one time to the area to be treated and / or to increase the penetration of the product applied in the mucous membranes in particular.

Des embouts pulvérisateurs sont décrits notamment dans les brevets suivants: WO 97/07897 , FR 2 840 549 , US 5 855 322 , WO 03/041865 , US 4 415 12 et US 4 020 979 .Spray tips are described in particular in the following patents: WO 97/07897 , FR 2,840,549 , US 5,855,322 , WO 03/041865 , US 4,415-12 and US 4,020,979 .

A la connaissance de la Société Demanderesse, il n'existe pas de dispositifs unidoses de pulvérisation.
Ainsi les présents inventeurs ont trouvé qu'il était possible de mettre à la disposition des utilisateurs de flacons unidoses des containers unidoses munis d'un embout pulvérisateur.To the knowledge of the Applicant Company, there are no single-dose spray devices.
Thus, the present inventors have found that it is possible to provide users of single-dose vials with single-dose containers fitted with a spray nozzle.

Dans la présente invention on entend par pulvérisation la formation de gouttelettes sous forme de brumisation.In the present invention, the term "spraying" means the formation of droplets in the form of misting.

Par flacon unidose on entend des flacons en matière plastique contenant la quantité correspondant à une seule dose d'application d'un produit liquide. De tels flacons sont obtenus par extrusion-soufflage-remplissage. A titre d'exemple on peut citer les flacons unidoses de la Société GILBERT commercialisés sous la marque PHYSIOMER®.By single-dose vial is meant plastic vials containing the amount corresponding to a single application dose of a liquid product. Such flasks are obtained by extrusion blow-filling. For example the single dose vials include the Company GILBERT marketed under the PHYSIOMER ® brand.

Le container unidose conforme à l'invention comprend un flacon souple dont l'ouverture est surmontée d'un embout pulvérisateur, ledit embout comprenant une buse de forme générale cylindrique, dont l'extrémité supérieure comporte une ouverture de pulvérisation et dont l'extrémité opposée est prolongée par un plongeur de diamètre inférieur, ledit plongeur étant inséré dans le flacon par l'ouverture du flacon et la partie inférieure de la buse prenant appui sur la paroi supérieure de l'ouverture du flacon unidose, la buse et le plongeur étant traversés selon leur axe longitudinal par une cavité traversante, ladite cavité traversante présentant au niveau de la buse un moyen de génération de gouttelettes, le plongeur présentant une extrémité libre renforcée mécaniquement par un moyen choisi dans le groupe comprenant : une forme biseautée, un pas de vis, une ouverture traversante longitudinale formant une patte d'oie dont les ouvertures débouchent sur la paroi de l'extrémité libre du plongeur, et leurs combinaisons.The single-dose container according to the invention comprises a flexible bottle whose opening is surmounted by a spray tip, said tip comprising a nozzle of generally cylindrical shape, the upper end has a spray opening and the opposite end is extended by a plunger of smaller diameter, said plunger being inserted into the flask through the opening of the flask and the lower part of the nozzle bearing on the upper wall of the opening of the single-dose flask, the nozzle and the plunger being crossed along their longitudinal axis by a through cavity, said through cavity having at the nozzle a droplet generation means, the plunger having a free end mechanically reinforced by a means selected from the group comprising: a beveled shape, a screw thread , a longitudinal through opening forming a crow's foot whose openings open on the oi the free end of the diver, and their combinations.

Les moyens de renfort mécanique de l'extrémité libre du plongeur facilitent l'insertion du plongeur dans l'ouverture d'un flacon en lui conférant une résistance qui permet d'éviter la déformation de ladite extrémité du plongeur au moment de l'insertion. Ceci est particulièrement utile dans les cas où l'embout est destiné à être placé par force sur un flacon unidose. Le renforcement peut être assuré par une forme biseautée de l'extrémité libre du plongeur. Une résistance mécanique importante peut également être conférée à l'extrémité libre du plongeur par le fait que la cavité traversante longitudinale forme dans la partie inférieure du plongeur une patte d'oie dont les ouvertures débouchent symétriquement sur la paroi de l'extrémité libre du plongeur. La résistance mécanique peut aussi être conférée par un pas de vis disposé à l'extrémité libre dudit plongeur. Le pas de vis est tout particulièrement adapté au cas où l'embout est destiné à être utilisé sur des flacons unidoses dont l'ouverture par déchirement présente un diamètre compris entre 0,2 et 2 mm, de préférence entre 0,5 et 1,5 mm et plus préférentiellement encore entre 0,8 et 1,2 mm. Les combinaisons de ces moyens de renfort mécanique permettent d'accroitre d'autant plus la résistance mécanique à la déformation subie au moment de l'insertion du plongeur dans le flacon.The mechanical reinforcing means of the free end of the plunger facilitate the insertion of the plunger into the opening of a vial by giving it a resistance which makes it possible to avoid the deformation of said end of the plunger at the moment of insertion. This is particularly useful in cases where the tip is intended to be forcibly placed on a single-dose vial. Reinforcement can be provided by a beveled shape of the free end of the plunger. A significant mechanical resistance can also be conferred on the free end of the plunger in that the longitudinal through cavity forms in the lower part of the plunger a crowbar whose openings open symmetrically on the wall of the free end of the plunger . The mechanical strength can also be conferred by a screw thread disposed at the free end of said plunger. The thread is particularly suitable in the case where the tip is intended to be used on single dose vials whose tear opening has a diameter of between 0.2 and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 1, 5 mm and more preferably between 0.8 and 1.2 mm. The combinations of these mechanical reinforcing means make it possible to increase all the more the mechanical resistance to the deformation undergone at the moment of insertion of the plunger into the bottle.

Le moyen de génération des gouttelettes peut être constitué par une cavité longitudinale présentant des zones de différents diamètres dans lequel est présent un élément permettant de forcer le passage du produit vers les parois de la cavité traversante dans sa zone de plus grand diamètre et un élément permettant de forcer le produit vers le centre en lui imposant un mouvement tourbillonnant à proximité de l'ouverture de pulvérisation. Ces éléments peuvent être moulés en une seule pièce ou peuvent être des éléments distincts insérés dans la cavité traversante de la buse.The droplet generation means may consist of a longitudinal cavity having zones of different diameters in which is present an element making it possible to force the passage of the product towards the walls of the through-cavity in its zone of larger diameter and an element permitting to force the product towards the center by imposing a swirling motion near the spray opening. These elements can be molded in one piece or may be separate elements inserted into the through cavity of the nozzle.

Bien entendu tout autre moyen peut être mis en oeuvre. En particulier on peut citer l'utilisation d'une ouverture de pulvérisation dotée d'un tamis ou d'un fritté.Of course, any other means can be implemented. In particular, there may be mentioned the use of a spray opening with a screen or a sinter.

De tels moyens de génération de gouttelettes peuvent être similaires à ceux commercialisés par les sociétés REXAM ou MICROSPRAY.
La forme et la dimension du moyen de génération de gouttelettes sont bien entendu adaptées en fonction de la nature du produit à pulvériser, en particulier de sa viscosité et de l'utilisation à laquelle il est destiné.Such droplet generation means may be similar to those marketed by REXAM or MICROSPRAY companies.
The shape and size of the droplet generation means are of course adapted according to the nature of the product to be sprayed, in particular its viscosity and the use for which it is intended.

De façon avantageuse l'ouverture du plongeur peut se trouver à environ un tiers de la hauteur du flacon.Advantageously, the opening of the plunger may be at about one-third of the height of the flask.

Le container selon l'invention est ou bien réalisé d'une seule pièce, par exemple par extrusion-soufflage-remplissage, ou bien est fabriqué en deux pièces qui sont, après remplissage du flacon, rendues solidaires.The container according to the invention is either made in one piece, for example by extrusion blow-filling, or is manufactured in two pieces which are, after filling the bottle, made integral.

Ainsi, ou bien l'embout et le flacon sont moulés d'une seule pièce ou bien l'embout est placé sur l'ouverture d'un flacon pré-rempli.Thus, either the tip and the bottle are molded in one piece or the tip is placed on the opening of a pre-filled bottle.

Dans ce dernier cas, il est avantageux que le diamètre du plongeur soit sensiblement supérieur à celui de l'ouverture du flacon unidose de façon à ce qu'il soit introduit à force et ne soit pas éjecté lorsqu'une pression est exercée sur la paroi du flacon unidose lors de l'utilisation.In the latter case, it is advantageous that the diameter of the plunger is substantially greater than that of the opening of the single-dose vial so that it is forced in and is not ejected when pressure is exerted on the wall. of the single-dose vial during use.

L'étanchéité peut être améliorée lorsque l'embout comporte un anneau d'étanchéité qui permet de serrer le bord libre de l'ouverture du flacon sur la partie inférieure de l'anneau d'étanchéité.The seal can be improved when the tip has a sealing ring that allows to clamp the free edge of the opening of the bottle on the lower part of the sealing ring.

La paroi externe de la buse peut comporter des zones de préhension. Ces zones de préhension peuvent être des zones rugueuses de façon à ce que les doigts ne glissent pas lorsque l'on vient placer l'embout selon l'invention dans l'ouverture d'un flacon unidose.The outer wall of the nozzle may include gripping areas. These gripping areas may be rough areas so that the fingers do not slip when it comes to place the tip according to the invention in the opening of a single-dose vial.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré et compte tenu des utilisations du container unidose et de son embout, ceux-ci sont en matériau plastique de qualité alimentaire ou pharmaceutique. On peut citer toutes familles de matières plastiques permettant le moulage par injection par exemple, le polyéthylène, le polyéthylène téréphtalate, le polypropylène, etc.According to a preferred embodiment and taking into account the uses of the single-dose container and its tip, these are made of plastic material of food grade or pharmaceutical. There may be mentioned all families of plastics that can be injection molded, for example, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, etc.

Il est bien entendu que le container et la buse peuvent prendre toutes autres formes permettant une utilisation et une réalisation avantageuse.It is understood that the container and the nozzle can take any other form for use and an advantageous embodiment.

L'invention porte également sur un embout pulvérisateur, ledit embout comprenant une buse de forme générale cylindrique, dont l'extrémité supérieure comporte une ouverture de pulvérisation et dont l'extrémité opposée est prolongée par un plongeur de diamètre inférieur, ledit plongeur étant inséré dans le flacon par l'ouverture du flacon et la partie inférieure de la buse prenant appui sur la paroi supérieure de l'ouverture du flacon unidose, la buse et le plongeur étant traversés selon leur axe longitudinal par une cavité traversante, ladite cavité traversante présentant au niveau de la buse un moyen de génération de gouttelettes, le plongeur présentant une extrémité libre renforcée mécaniquement par un moyen choisi dans le groupe comprenant : une forme biseautée, un pas de vis, une ouverture traversante longitudinale formant une patte d'oie dont les ouvertures débouchent sur la paroi de l'extrémité libre du plongeur, et leurs combinaisons.The invention also relates to a spray tip, said tip comprising a nozzle of generally cylindrical shape, the upper end has a spray opening and the opposite end is extended by a plunger of smaller diameter, said plunger being inserted into the bottle through the opening of the bottle and the lower part of the nozzle bearing on the upper wall of the opening of the single dose vial, the nozzle and the plunger being traversed along their longitudinal axis by a through cavity, said through cavity having nozzle level means for generating droplets, the plunger having a free end reinforced mechanically by a means selected from the group comprising: a beveled shape, a screw thread, a longitudinal through opening forming a crow's foot whose openings open on the wall of the free end of the plunger, and their combinations.

L'embout pulvérisateur est caractérisé par le fait que le moyen de génération des gouttelettes peut être constitué par une cavité longitudinale présentant des zones de différents diamètres dans lequel est présent un élément permettant de forcer le passage du produit vers les parois de la cavité traversante dans sa zone de plus grand diamètre et un élément permettant de forcer le produit vers le centre en lui imposant un mouvement tourbillonnant à proximité de l'ouverture de pulvérisation.The spray nozzle is characterized in that the means for generating the droplets may consist of a longitudinal cavity having zones of different diameters in which is present an element making it possible to force the passage of the product towards the walls of the through cavity in its zone of larger diameter and an element for forcing the product towards the center by imposing a swirling motion near the spray opening.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, la buse est séparée du plongeur par un élément d'étanchéité. Cet élément d'étanchéité peut être un anneau présentant éventuellement une fente dans sa partie inférieure permettant une coopération efficace avec le bord supérieur du flacon sur lequel l'embout pourra être placé.According to an advantageous embodiment, the nozzle is separated from the plunger by a sealing element. This sealing element may be a ring optionally having a slot in its lower part for effective cooperation with the upper edge of the bottle on which the tip may be placed.

La paroi externe de l'embout tel que défini ci-dessus, peut, selon un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, comporter des zones de préhension évitant aux doigts de l'utilisateur de glisser au moment de l'insertion de l'embout dans l'ouverture d'un flacon unidose.The outer wall of the nozzle as defined above, may, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, comprise gripping zones that prevent the fingers of the user from sliding at the time of insertion of the mouthpiece in the opening of a single-dose vial.

Compte tenu de son utilisation, l'embout défini précédemment est en matériau plastique de qualité alimentaire ou pharmaceutique.Given its use, the tip defined above is made of plastic material of food grade or pharmaceutical.

L'invention porte également sur un kit contenant un embout tel que défini précédemment et au moins un flacon unidose souple rempli à ouverture sécable.The invention also relates to a kit containing a tip as defined above and at least one filled flexible single-dose vial with breakable opening.

Conformément à l'invention, le container unidose pulvérisateur, l'embout pulvérisateur, et le kit de pulvérisation sont utiles pour l'administration de produits notamment pharmaceutiques ou cosmétiques.According to the invention, the single-dose spray container, the spray nozzle, and the spray kit. spraying are useful for the administration of pharmaceutical or cosmetic products.

Les applications des dispositifs (container unidose de pulvérisation, embout, kit de pulvérisation) sont nombreuses. A titre d'exemple on peut citer les lavages nasaux à l'aide de solution d'eau de mer telle que PHYSIOMER®, les lavages oculaires ou auriculaires. Dans ce dernier cas, la buse peut être dotée d'une canule auriculaire afin d'éviter toute pénétration dans la cavité auriculaire. Cette canule est dotée de rainures permettant la dépression de l'oreille. La buse peut également être dotée d'une collerette anti-intrusive pour des applications dans le nez des enfants et nourrissons. D'autres applications peuvent être des applications topiques notamment de produits nettoyants, désinfectants tels que la bétadine, l'éosine, bleu de méthylène, etc.The applications of the devices (single-dose spray container, nozzle, spray kit) are numerous. By way of example, mention may be made of nasal washes using seawater solution such as PHYSIOMER®, ocular or ear washes. In the latter case, the nozzle may be provided with an atrial cannula to prevent penetration into the ear cavity. This cannula has grooves for the depression of the ear. The nozzle can also be provided with an anti-intrusive collar for applications in the nose of children and infants. Other applications may be topical applications including cleaners, disinfectants such as betadine, eosin, methylene blue, etc.

Le dispositif conforme à l'invention peut également être utile dans l'application de produits cosmétiques, notamment lorsqu'ils doivent être appliqués de façon répétée sur de grandes zones de peau.
L'invention va maintenant être exposée de façon plus détaillée à l'aide d'exemples pratiques de réalisation qui ne sont pas limitatifs et qui sont illustrés avec les dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la Figure 1 est une vue de face d'un embout de pulvérisation conforme à l'invention,
  • les Figure 2a et 2b sont des vues en coupe longitudinale de l'embout de la figure 1,
  • la Figure 3 est une vue éclatée de la buse de l'embout pulvérisateur conforme à l'invention ;
  • la Figure 4 est une vue de dessous de l'épaulement 17 conférant au liquide un mouvement tourbillonnant,
  • la Figure 5 est une coupe axiale selon l'axe V-V' des figures 2a et 2b,
  • la Figure 6 représente une vue de face d'un flacon unidose pulvérisateur conforme à l'invention,
  • la Figure 7 représente un kit unidose de pulvérisation conforme à l'invention,
The device according to the invention may also be useful in the application of cosmetic products, especially when they must be applied repeatedly to large areas of skin.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with the aid of practical examples which are not limiting and which are illustrated with the appended drawings, in which:
  • the Figure 1 is a front view of a spray tip according to the invention,
  • the Figure 2a and 2b are views in longitudinal section of the mouthpiece of the figure 1 ,
  • the Figure 3 is an exploded view of the nozzle of the spray nozzle according to the invention;
  • the Figure 4 is a bottom view of the shoulder 17 giving the liquid a swirling motion,
  • the Figure 5 is an axial section along the axis VV 'of Figures 2a and 2b ,
  • the Figure 6 represents a front view of a single-dose spray bottle according to the invention,
  • the Figure 7 represents a single-dose spray kit according to the invention,

Sur la figure 1 est représenté un embout pulvérisateur 1 comprenant une buse 2 de forme générale cylindrique constituant sa partie supérieure et un plongeur 3 constituant sa partie inférieure qui est de forme générale cylindrique de diamètre inférieur au diamètre de la buse 2. La face supérieure 2a de la buse comporte une ouverture centrale 4 par laquelle est pulvérisé le produit 5. La partie inférieure 2b de la buse est biseautée et un anneau d'étanchéité 6 relie la partie biseautée 2b de la buse au plongeur 3.
La partie libre du plongeur est biseautée 7 et elle est dotée d'un pas de vis 8. Elle comporte également deux ouvertures 9a diamétralement opposées permettant l'entrée du produit 5 dans l'embout pulvérisateur 1.
Sur les figures 2a, 2b et 3 à 5, est représenté plus en détail un embout de pulvérisation 10 selon un mode de réalisation particulier.On the figure 1 there is shown a spray nozzle 1 comprising a nozzle 2 of generally cylindrical shape constituting its upper part and a plunger 3 constituting its lower part which is generally cylindrical in shape with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the nozzle 2. The upper face 2a of the nozzle comprises a central opening 4 by which the product 5 is sprayed. The lower part 2b of the nozzle is bevelled and a sealing ring 6 connects the bevelled part 2b of the nozzle to the plunger 3.
The free part of the plunger is beveled 7 and it is provided with a screw thread 8. It also comprises two diametrically opposed openings 9a allowing the entry of the product 5 into the spray tip 1.
On the Figures 2a, 2b and 3 to 5 , is shown in more detail a spray tip 10 according to a particular embodiment.

L'embout pulvérisateur 10 comporte une buse 11 et un plongeur 12 reliés par une bague d'étanchéité 13. L'embout pulvérisateur 10 est traversé longitudinalement par une cavité 14 par laquelle le produit 15 va circuler et dont la forme va permettre la formation de gouttelettes.
La cavité 14 est de forme générale cylindrique, centrée le long de l'axe longitudinal 16 de l'embout 10. Dans sa partie supérieure 14a elle est de diamètre très petit par exemple de l'ordre de 1mm, puis son diamètre s'élargit en formant un épaulement 17, par exemple de l'ordre de 4 mm, elle présente alors son diamètre maximal sur toute sa partie centrale 14b qui occupe environ toute la longueur de la buse, puis un nouvel épaulement 18 diminue le diamètre de la cavité. Le diamètre, par exemple de l'ordre de 1 mm, reste constant tout au long de sa partie 14c traversant le plongeur. Puis cette cavité 14c se sépare en deux cavités 14d en forme de patte d'oie débouchant le long de la paroi biseautée du plongeur. La zone 14b est obstruée par un élément central 19 de forme générale cylindrique de diamètre légèrement inférieur au diamètre de la cavité 14b et présentant sur une partie de sa longueur et sur au moins une partie de sa périphérie des protubérances 20. Lesdites protubérances 20 sont d'une taille telle qu'elles comblent l'espace laissé libre entre les parois de la cavité 14b et l'élément central 19. Des fentes 21 sont ainsi formées autour de l'élément obturateur 19.The spray tip 10 comprises a nozzle 11 and a plunger 12 connected by a sealing ring 13. The spray tip 10 is traversed longitudinally by a cavity 14 through which the product 15 will circulate and whose shape will allow the formation of droplets.
The cavity 14 is generally cylindrical in shape, centered along the longitudinal axis 16 of the nozzle 10. In its upper portion 14a it is of very small diameter, for example the order of 1 mm, then its diameter widens to form a shoulder 17, for example of the order of 4 mm, it then has its maximum diameter over its entire central portion 14b which occupies the entire length of the nozzle, then a new shoulder 18 decreases the diameter of the cavity. The diameter, for example of the order of 1 mm, remains constant throughout its portion 14c through the plunger. Then this cavity 14c separates into two cavities 14d in the form of crow's feet opening along the bevelled wall of the plunger. The zone 14b is obstructed by a central element 19 of generally cylindrical shape with a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the cavity 14b and having over a portion of its length and over at least a portion of its periphery protuberances 20. Said protuberances 20 are a size such that they fill the space left free between the walls of the cavity 14b and the central element 19. Slots 21 are thus formed around the shutter element 19.

L'épaulement 17 est représenté de façon détaillée sur la figure 4 sur laquelle on voit qu'il présente sur sa périphérie externe une protubérance 22 et trois protubérances 23 radiales régulièrement disposées autour de l'ouverture centrale 24.The shoulder 17 is shown in detail on the figure 4 on which it is seen that it has on its outer periphery a protrusion 22 and three radial protuberances 23 regularly arranged around the central opening 24.

Sur la figure 6 est représenté un container unidose pulvérisateur 25. Celui-ci comprend un flacon 26 rempli de liquide 27 sur l'ouverture de laquelle est fixé un embout pulvérisateur 28 comprenant une buse 29 et un plongeur 30.On the figure 6 there is shown a single-dose spray container 25. This comprises a bottle 26 filled with liquid 27 on the opening of which is fixed a spray nozzle 28 comprising a nozzle 29 and a plunger 30.

Un exemple d'utilisation va être décrit en liaison avec les figures 2a, 2b, 4 à 6.An example of use will be described in connection with the Figures 2a, 2b , 4 at 6 .

Lors de l'utilisation, une pression est exercée sur les parois du flacon 26. Le liquide 27 entre alors par les ouvertures 14d du plongeur et est poussé dans la cavité 14c du plongeur puis forcé dans la cavité 14b, au travers des fentes 21. Le liquide est alors projeté contre l'épaulement 17 où un mouvement tourbillonnant lui est imposé par les protubérances radiales 23 avant d'être expulsé sous forme de gouttelettes par l'orifice 24.In use, pressure is exerted on the walls of the bottle 26. The liquid 27 then enters through the openings 14d of the plunger and is pushed into the cavity 14c of the plunger and then forced into the cavity 14b, through the slits 21. The liquid is then projected against the shoulder 17 where a swirling motion is imposed by the radial protuberances 23 before being expelled in the form of droplets through the orifice 24.

Sur la Figure 7 est représentée une unité de vente, par exemple un blister, comportant un kit pulvérisateur conforme à l'invention. Ce blister 29 comprend un embout pulvérisateur 30 et un flacon unidose 31 pré-rempli de liquide 32 et hermétiquement fermé par le bouchon 33.On the Figure 7 is shown a sales unit, for example a blister, comprising a spray kit according to the invention. This blister 29 comprises a spray nozzle 30 and a single-dose vial 31 pre-filled with liquid 32 and sealed by the stopper 33.

Lors de l'utilisation, l'utilisateur déchire le blister, retire le flacon unidose, ouvre le flacon par déchirement du bouchon le long de la ligne de déchirement 34 et insère le plongeur 35 dans l'ouverture du flacon en l'insérant jusqu'à ce que la bague d'étanchéité 36 s'encliquette sur l'ouverture du flacon 31.In use, the user tears the blister, removes the single-dose vial, opens the vial by tearing the stopper along the tear line 34 and inserts the plunger 35 into the opening of the vial by inserting it into the vial. the sealing ring 36 snaps onto the opening of the bottle 31.

Le flacon pulvérisateur ainsi formé peut être utilisé comme décrit précédemment.The spray bottle thus formed can be used as described above.

Lors de l'utilisation, le flacon peut être placé dans toutes les positions souhaitées dans la mesure où lorsqu'une pression manuelle est appliquée sur les parois du flacon unidose les ouvertures 14d du plongeur soient recouvertes de liquide à pulvériser.In use, the bottle can be placed in any desired position since when manual pressure is applied to the walls of the single-dose vial the openings 14d of the plunger are covered with liquid spray.

Claims (13)

Container unidose comprenant un flacon souple dont l'ouverture est surmontée d'un embout pulvérisateur (1), ledit embout comprenant une buse (2) de forme générale cylindrique, dont l'extrémité supérieure (2a) comporte une ouverture de pulvérisation (4) et dont l'extrémité opposée est prolongée par un plongeur (3) de diamètre inférieur, le dit plongeur étant inséré dans le flacon par l'ouverture du flacon et la partie inférieure de la buse prenant appui sur la paroi supérieure de l'ouverture du flacon unidose, la buse et le plongeur étant traversés selon leur axe longitudinal par une cavité traversante (14), ladite cavité traversante présentant au niveau de la buse un moyen de génération de gouttelettes (19,20,17), le plongeur présentant une extrémité libre (8) renforcée mécaniquement par un moyen choisi dans le groupe comprenant: une forme biseautée, un pas de vis, une ouverture traversante longitudinale (14) formant une patte d'oie (14d) dont les ouvertures (9) débouchent sur la paroi de l'extrémité libre du plongeur, et leurs combinaisons.Single-dose container comprising a flexible bottle whose opening is surmounted by a spray nozzle (1), said nozzle comprising a nozzle (2) of generally cylindrical shape, whose upper end (2a) comprises a spray opening (4) and whose opposite end is extended by a plunger (3) of smaller diameter, said plunger being inserted into the bottle through the opening of the bottle and the lower part of the nozzle bearing on the upper wall of the opening of the single-dose vial, the nozzle and the plunger being traversed along their longitudinal axis by a through cavity (14), said through cavity having at the nozzle a droplet generating means (19,20,17), the plunger having one end free reinforcement (8) mechanically reinforced by a means selected from the group comprising: a beveled shape, a screw thread, a longitudinal through opening (14) forming a crow's foot (14d) whose open ures (9) open on the wall of the free end of the plunger, and their combinations. Container unidose selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'embout pulvérisateur est muni d'un moyen de génération des gouttelettes constitué par le fait que la cavité longitudinale (14) présente des zones de différents diamètres, ladite zone de plus grand diamètre comportant un élément (19) permettant de forcer le passage du produit à pulvériser vers les parois de la cavité traversante et, à proximité de l'ouverture de pulvérisation, un élément (17) permettant de forcer le produit vers le centre en lui imposant un mouvement tourbillonnant.Single-dose container according to Claim 1, characterized in that the spray tip is provided with a droplet generation means constituted by the fact that the longitudinal cavity (14) has zones of different diameters, said zone of larger diameter comprising an element (19) for forcing the passage of the product to be sprayed towards the walls of the through cavity and, in the vicinity of the spray opening, an element (17) for forcing the product towards the center by imposing a swirling motion. Container unidose selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'ouverture du plongeur se trouve à environ un tiers de la hauteur du flacon.Single-dose container according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plunger opening is about one-third of the height of the vial. Container unidose selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'embout est encliqueté sur l'ouverture du flacon.Single-dose container according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tip is snapped onto the opening of the bottle. Container unidose selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'embout et le flacon sont d'une seule pièce.Single-dose container according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tip and the bottle are in one piece. Container unidose selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que la paroi externe de la buse comporte des zones de préhension.Single-dose container according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the outer wall of the nozzle has gripping areas. Container unidose selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'embout et le flacon sont en matériau plastique de qualité alimentaire ou pharmaceutique.Single-dose container according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tip and the bottle are made of plastic material of food or pharmaceutical quality. Embout pulvérisateur (1) comprenant une buse (2) de forme générale cylindrique, dont l'extrémité supérieure (2a) comporte une ouverture de pulvérisation (4) et dont l'extrémité opposée est prolongée par un plongeur (3) de diamètre inférieur, la buse et le plongeur étant traversés selon leur axe longitudinal par une cavité traversante (14), ladite cavité traversante présentant au niveau de la buse un moyen de génération de gouttelettes (19,20,17), le plongeur présentant une extrémité libre (8) renforcée mécaniquement par un moyen choisi dans le groupe comprenant : une forme biseautée, un pas de vis et une ouverture traversante longitudinale (14) formant une patte d'oie (14d) dont les ouvertures (9) débouchent sur la paroi de l'extrémité libre du plongeur, et leurs combinaisons.Spray tip (1) comprising a nozzle (2) of generally cylindrical shape, whose upper end (2a) comprises a spray opening (4) and whose opposite end is extended by a plunger (3) of smaller diameter, the nozzle and the plunger being traversed along their longitudinal axis by a through cavity (14), said through cavity having at the nozzle a means for generating droplets (19,20,17), the plunger having a free end (8,20,17); ) mechanically reinforced by a means selected from the group consisting of: a beveled shape, a thread and a longitudinal through opening (14) forming a crow's foot (14d) whose openings (9) open on the wall of the free end of the plunger, and their combinations. Embout pulvérisateur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen de génération des gouttelettes est constitué par le fait que la cavité longitudinale (14) présente des zones de différents diamètres, ladite zone de plus grand diamètre comportant un élément (19) permettant de forcer le passage du produit à pulvériser vers les parois de la cavité traversante et, à proximité de l'ouverture de pulvérisation, un élément (17) permettant de forcer le produit vers le centre en lui imposant un mouvement tourbillonnant.Spray tip according to Claim 8, characterized in that the droplet generation means is constituted by the fact that the longitudinal cavity (14) has zones of different diameters, the said larger diameter zone comprising an element (19) allowing forcing the passage of the product to be sprayed towards the walls of the through cavity and, in the vicinity of the spray opening, an element (17) for forcing the product towards the center by imposing a swirling motion on it. Embout pulvérisateur selon l'une des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé par le fait que la paroi externe de la buse comporte des zones de préhension.Spray tip according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the outer wall of the nozzle has gripping areas. Embout pulvérisateur selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est en matériau plastique de qualité alimentaire ou pharmaceutique.Spray tip according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that it is made of plastic material of food grade or pharmaceutical quality. Kit contenant un embout tel que défini dans la revendication 8 à 11, et au moins un flacon unidose (31) souple rempli à ouverture sécable (33).Kit containing a tip as defined in claim 8 to 11, and at least one filled single dose vial (31) breakable opening (33). Utilisation d'un container unidose selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, d'un embout pulvérisateur selon les revendications 8 à 11, ou d'un kit selon la revendication 12, pour l'application par pulvérisation d'un produit pharmaceutique ou d'un produit cosmétique.Use of a single-dose container according to any one of claims 1 to 7, a spray nozzle according to claims 8 to 11, or a kit according to claim 12 for the spray application of a pharmaceutical product or a cosmetic product.
EP20080101274 2007-02-05 2008-02-04 Single-dose spraying container, spraying nozzle and single-dose spraying kit Withdrawn EP1952891A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0700808A FR2912071B1 (en) 2007-02-05 2007-02-05 SPRAY TIP, CONTAINER UNIDOSE SPRAYER AND UNIDOSE SPRAY KIT.

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EP1952891A2 true EP1952891A2 (en) 2008-08-06
EP1952891A3 EP1952891A3 (en) 2010-04-21

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EP (1) EP1952891A3 (en)
FR (1) FR2912071B1 (en)

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CN106345596A (en) * 2016-09-25 2017-01-25 羊丁 Coal briquette crushing robot

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FR2912071B1 (en) 2011-03-18
FR2912071A1 (en) 2008-08-08
EP1952891A3 (en) 2010-04-21
US20080217423A1 (en) 2008-09-11

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