EP1941230B1 - Explosive projectile - Google Patents

Explosive projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1941230B1
EP1941230B1 EP06806296A EP06806296A EP1941230B1 EP 1941230 B1 EP1941230 B1 EP 1941230B1 EP 06806296 A EP06806296 A EP 06806296A EP 06806296 A EP06806296 A EP 06806296A EP 1941230 B1 EP1941230 B1 EP 1941230B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
explosive
explosive charge
projectile body
intermediate layer
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Active
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EP06806296A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1941230A1 (en
Inventor
Almuth Kessler
Paul Wanninger
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Publication of EP1941230A1 publication Critical patent/EP1941230A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/80—Coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a projectile as published in the post EP1698852 A1 leschnieben
  • Shotguns launchable from missiles are subject to high launch accelerations. This applies in particular for explosive projectiles which can be fired from tank cannons, in which the launch acceleration is of the order of magnitude of 36,000 g.
  • TNT bound explosive charges to apply to the inner surface of the walls of the explosive charge receiving cavity a paint which connects after the introduction of the explosive charge into the cavity with the explosive charge and for an adhesion of the explosive charge to the inner Surface of the usually made of steel projectile body provides.
  • the layer involved has a wall thickness that decreases starting from the tip or remains constant and is integrated over the entire inner surface of the interior.
  • the damping layer may consist of porous plastics and rubber materials. Porous ceramics, foams as well as metals also metal powder or metal or glass balls are also called as layer material.
  • the US 2,276,110 A relates to an explosive projectile loaded with a high firing acceleration with a liner, with which the energy of the explosive charge can be adjusted, ie, reduced.
  • the layer thickness of the liner is between 1 ⁇ 2 and 11 ⁇ 2 inches. Liners are gypsum, magnesia binder, asbestos fibers and various fillers or mixtures. In the case of a mortar shell, for safety reasons, a complete separation of the explosive charge from the shell by such liner. An integration of the liner in the front area causes a direct contact of the explosive charge with the shell. If the case is made of steel, it can be placed on a liner at the rear end.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an explosive projectile of the type mentioned above, which with high launch acceleration (> 15000 g) shot can be and in which even with the use of plastic-bound insensitive explosive charges is not to be feared that it comes due to the high acceleration to an explosion in the barrel and stress cracking in the explosive charge is avoided in temperature shock tests.
  • the invention is based essentially on the idea of making a total separation of the charge from the inner wall or, alternatively, by means of a partial coating with non-stick material to minimize the "set-back" effect.
  • the explosive charge in particular a so-called plastic-bound explosive charge, strongly adheres to bare metal surfaces. It is therefore proposed a silicone layer, as this is a release agent.
  • a silicone layer is applied at least in some areas between the explosive charge and the inner surface of the projectile body, which prevents adhesion of the explosive charge to the projectile inner surface for this area.
  • the silicone intermediate layer is arranged in the region of the inner surface of the cavity facing the projectile tip of the projectile and / or in the region of the inner surface of the cavity facing the projectile tail of the projectile.
  • the layer thickness of the silicone intermediate layer should be 10-1000 ⁇ m, preferably 100-200 ⁇ m, in order to adhere sufficiently strongly to the steel inner wall of the projectile.
  • the silicone intermediate layer is provided, on the one hand ensures a sufficient positional fixation of the explosive charge with respect to the adjacent inner surface of the projectile body (2) and on the other hand a large part of the tensions between the Projectile body and receives the explosive charge in a thermal shock test, cracking in the explosive charge at Verschuss is certainly avoided.
  • a spin-stabilized explosive projectile which can be fired, for example, from a 155 mm caliber howitzer, can be fired.
  • the explosive projectile 1 comprises a projectile body 2 made of steel, which has a cavity 4 extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis 3 of the projectile 1. In the cavity 4 is a known plastic-bound insensitive explosive charge. 5
  • a silicone intermediate layer 9 with a layer thickness of preferably 100-200 ⁇ m is arranged at least in partial regions 7, 8 (in the depiction shown in FIG Embodiment, about 56% of the inner surface 6 of the projectile body 2 covered by the silicone intermediate layer 9).
  • the silicone intermediate layer 9 is arranged in the projectile tip 10 of the projectile 1 facing portion 7 of the inner surface 6 of the projectile body 2 and / or in the projectile tail 11 of the projectile 1 facing portion 8 of the inner surface 6 of the projectile body 2. Only in the areas in which no silicone intermediate layer 9 is provided, there is an adhesive connection between the projectile body 2 and the explosive charge. 5

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an explosive projectile (1) having a projectile body (2) in which a cavity (4) is located, which extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis (3) of the projectile and is filled with an explosive charge (5). In order to ensure that the explosive projectile (1) can be fired with a high firing acceleration without any need to be concerned, even when using plastic-bonded insensitive explosive charges, that the high acceleration will lead to an explosion in the weapon barrel, and in order to avoid stress crack formation in the explosive charge, the invention proposes that a silicone intermediate layer (9) be provided at least in subareas between the explosive charge (5) and the inner surface (6) of the projectile body (2), which silicone intermediate layer (9) on the one hand ensures that the explosive charge (5) is adequately fixed in position with respect to the adjacent inner surface (6) of the projectile body (2), and on the other hand absorbs the majority of the stresses between the projectile body (2) and the explosive charge (5) in a temperature shock test, thus preventing crack formation in the explosive charge (5) during tests such as these.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein sprenggeschoss wie in der nach veroffentlichen EP1698 852 A1 leschniebenThe invention relates to a projectile as published in the post EP1698852 A1 leschnieben

Aus Röhrwaffen verschießbare Geschosse sind hohen Abschussbeschleunigungen ausgesetzt. Dieses gilt insbesondere für aus Panzerkanonen verschießbare Sprenggeschosse, bei denen die Abschussbeschleunigung in der Größenordnung von 36000 g liegt.Shotguns launchable from missiles are subject to high launch accelerations. This applies in particular for explosive projectiles which can be fired from tank cannons, in which the launch acceleration is of the order of magnitude of 36,000 g.

Bei derart hohen Abschussbeschleunigungen besteht die Gefahr, dass bei Sprenggeschossen die in dem Inneren des Geschosses befindliche Sprengladung zurückgesetzt wird und es zu einer Explosion der Sprengladung in dem entsprechenden Waffenrohr kommt ("Set back" Effekt).With such high launch accelerations, there is the danger that the explosive charge located in the interior of the projectile in explosive projectiles will be reset and that the explosive charge will explode in the corresponding weapon barrel ("setback" effect).

Es ist bei der Verwendung TNT gebundener Sprengladungen bereits vorgeschlagen worden, auf die innere Oberfläche der Wände des die Sprengladung aufnehmenden Hohlraumes einen Lack aufzubringen, der sich nach dem Einbringen der Sprengladung in den Hohlraum mit der Sprengladung verbindet und für eine Haftung der Sprengladung an der inneren Oberfläche des in der Regel aus Stahl bestehenden Geschosskörpers sorgt. Durch diese Maßnahme wird ein Zurücksetzen der Sprengladung beim Abschuss des entsprechenden Sprenggeschosses vermieden.It has been proposed in the use of TNT bound explosive charges to apply to the inner surface of the walls of the explosive charge receiving cavity a paint which connects after the introduction of the explosive charge into the cavity with the explosive charge and for an adhesion of the explosive charge to the inner Surface of the usually made of steel projectile body provides. By this measure, a reset of the explosive charge when firing the corresponding explosive projectile is avoided.

Bei kunststoffgebundenen insensitiven Sprengladungen ist eine derartige Haftbeschichtung mittels eines Lackes nicht möglich, weil der Ausdehnungskoeffizient dieser Sprengladungen wesentlich größer ist wie der von TNT gebundenen Ladungen und etwa 10 mal so hoch wie der Ausdehnungskoeffizient von Stahl. Bei den üblicherweise vorgeschriebenen TemperaturSchocktests (beispielsweise zwischen -40° und +63°C) würden bei einer direkt mit der inneren Oberfläche des Geschosskörpers fest verbundenen Sprengladung (aufgrund der großen Unterschiede der Ausdehnungskoeffizienten) Spannungsrisse in der Sprengladung auftreten.In the case of plastic-bonded insensitive explosive charges, such adhesion coating by means of a lacquer is not possible because the coefficient of expansion of these explosive charges is considerably greater than the charge bound by TNT and about 10 times as high as the expansion coefficient of steel. In the usually prescribed temperature shock tests (for example, between -40 ° and + 63 ° C) would occur in a directly connected to the inner surface of the projectile body explosive charge (due to the large differences in the expansion coefficient) stress cracks in the explosive charge.

Aus der nach veröffentlichten EP 1 698 852 A1 ist einen Penetrator, insbesondere die Ausgestaltung des Innenraumes eines Hochgeschwindigkeitspenetrators mit Dämpfungsschichten, bekannt, welche geeignet sind, die beim Aufprall auf ein hartes Ziel auftretenden Stoßwellen weitgehend zu vermindern und die Deformation des Penetratormaterials zu kompensieren. Dadurch soll die Gefahr einer unerwünschten vorzeitigen Detonation der Sprengladung vermieden werden. Die dazu eingebundene Schicht besitzt eine Wandstärke, die von der Spitze ausgehend abnimmt oder konstant bleibt und über die gesamte Innenfläche des Innenraumes eingebunden ist. Die dämpfende Schicht kann aus porenhaltigen Kunststoffe und Gummimaterialien bestehen. Poröse Keramiken, Schäume sowie Metalle auch Metallpulver oder Metall- oder Glaskugeln werden ebenfalls als Schichtmaterial genannt.From the after published EP 1 698 852 A1 is a penetrator, in particular the design of the interior of a high-speed pennetrator with damping layers, known, which are suitable to reduce the impact of a hard target shock waves largely to compensate for the deformation of the Penetratormaterials. This should avoid the risk of undesired premature detonation of the explosive charge. The layer involved has a wall thickness that decreases starting from the tip or remains constant and is integrated over the entire inner surface of the interior. The damping layer may consist of porous plastics and rubber materials. Porous ceramics, foams as well as metals also metal powder or metal or glass balls are also called as layer material.

Die US 2,276,110 A betrifft ein mit einer hohen Abschussbescheunigung beaufschlagtes Sprenggeschoss mit einem Liner, mit dem die Energie der Sprengladung eingestellt, d.h., diese verringert werden kann. Die Schichtdicke des Liners liegt zwischen ½bis 1½ inch. Als Linermaterial werden Gips, Magnesiabinder, Asbestfasern sowie verschiedene Füller oder Mixturen genannt. Im Falle einer Mörsergranate erfolgt aus Sicherheitsgründen eine vollständige Trennung der Sprengladung von der Hülle durch derartige Liner. Eine Einbindung des Liners im vorderen Bereich bewirkt einen direkten Kontakt der Sprengladung mit der Hülle. Ist die Hülle aus Stahl, kann auf einen Liner am hinteren Ende abgestellt werden.The US 2,276,110 A relates to an explosive projectile loaded with a high firing acceleration with a liner, with which the energy of the explosive charge can be adjusted, ie, reduced. The layer thickness of the liner is between ½ and 1½ inches. Liners are gypsum, magnesia binder, asbestos fibers and various fillers or mixtures. In the case of a mortar shell, for safety reasons, a complete separation of the explosive charge from the shell by such liner. An integration of the liner in the front area causes a direct contact of the explosive charge with the shell. If the case is made of steel, it can be placed on a liner at the rear end.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Sprenggeschoss der eingangs erwähnten Art anzugeben, welches mit hoher Abschussbeschleunigung (> 15000 g) verschossen werden kann und bei dem auch bei Verwendung kunststoffgebundener insensitiven Sprengladungen nicht zu befürchten ist, dass es aufgrund der hohen Beschleunigung zu einer Explosion im Waffenrohr kommt sowie eine Spannungsrissbildung in der Sprengladung bei Temperaturschocktests vermieden wird.The invention has for its object to provide an explosive projectile of the type mentioned above, which with high launch acceleration (> 15000 g) shot can be and in which even with the use of plastic-bound insensitive explosive charges is not to be feared that it comes due to the high acceleration to an explosion in the barrel and stress cracking in the explosive charge is avoided in temperature shock tests.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere, besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung offenbaren die Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Further, particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention disclose the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung beruht im Wesentlichen auf dem Gedanken, eine totale Trennung der Ladung von der Innenwandung vorzunehmen bzw. alternativ mittels einer partiellen Beschichtung mit Antihaftmaterial den "Set back" -Effekt zu minimieren. Bekanntlich haftet die Sprengladung, insbesondere eine so genannte kunststoffgebundene Sprengladung, stark an blanken Metalloberflächen. Vorgeschlagen wird daher einer Silikonschicht, da diese ein Trennmittel darstellt. Durch die nunmehr nur noch partielle Haftung / Nichthaftung der Sprengladung wird der "Set back" -Effekt sogar vermieden und das unterschiedliche Ausdehnungsverhalten beherrschbar.The invention is based essentially on the idea of making a total separation of the charge from the inner wall or, alternatively, by means of a partial coating with non-stick material to minimize the "set-back" effect. As is known, the explosive charge, in particular a so-called plastic-bound explosive charge, strongly adheres to bare metal surfaces. It is therefore proposed a silicone layer, as this is a release agent. By now only partial liability / non-liability of the explosive charge, the "set back" effect is even avoided and the different expansion behavior manageable.

Dazu wird mindestens in Teilbereichen zwischen der Sprengladung und der inneren Oberfläche des Geschosskörpers eine Silikonschicht aufgebracht, die für diesen Bereich eine Haftung der Sprengladung an der Geschossinnenfläche verhindert.For this purpose, a silicone layer is applied at least in some areas between the explosive charge and the inner surface of the projectile body, which prevents adhesion of the explosive charge to the projectile inner surface for this area.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass es in der Regel ausreicht, wenn zur Vermeidung des "Set back" Effektes 30 bis 70 % der inneren Oberfläche des Geschosskörpers mit einer Silikon-Zwischenschicht versehen ist. Nur in den Bereichen, in denen keine Silikon-Zwischenschicht vorgesehen ist, liegt die Sprengladung haftend an der inneren Oberfläche des Geschosskörpers an.It has been shown that it is usually sufficient if, to avoid the "set back" effect 30 to 70% of the inner surface of the projectile body is provided with a silicone intermediate layer. Only in the areas where no silicone intermediate layer is provided, the explosive charge adheres to the inner surface of the projectile body.

Als vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, wenn die Silikon-Zwischenschicht in dem der Geschossspitze des Sprenggeschosses zugewandten Bereich der inneren Oberfläche des Hohlraumes und/oder in dem dem Geschoßheck des Sprenggeschosses zugewandten Bereich der inneren Oberfläche des Hohlraumes angeordnet ist.It has proven to be advantageous if the silicone intermediate layer is arranged in the region of the inner surface of the cavity facing the projectile tip of the projectile and / or in the region of the inner surface of the cavity facing the projectile tail of the projectile.

Die Schichtdicke der Silikon-Zwischenschicht sollte 10 - 1000 µm, bevorzugt 100 - 200µm, betragen, um ausreichend stark an der Stahlinnenwand des Geschosses zu haften.The layer thickness of the silicone intermediate layer should be 10-1000 μm, preferably 100-200 μm, in order to adhere sufficiently strongly to the steel inner wall of the projectile.

Dadurch, dass mindestens in Teilbereichen zwischen der Sprengladung und der inneren Oberfläche des Geschosskörpers die Silikon-Zwischenschicht vorgesehen ist, die einerseits eine ausreichende Lagefixierung der Sprengladung in Bezug auf die benachbarte innere Oberfläche des Geschosskörpers (2) sicherstellt und andererseits einen Großteil der Spannungen zwischen dem Geschosskörper und der Sprengladung bei einem Temperaturschocktest aufnimmt, wird eine Rissbildung in der Sprengladung bei Verschuss sicher vermieden.Characterized in that at least in partial areas between the explosive charge and the inner surface of the projectile body, the silicone intermediate layer is provided, on the one hand ensures a sufficient positional fixation of the explosive charge with respect to the adjacent inner surface of the projectile body (2) and on the other hand a large part of the tensions between the Projectile body and receives the explosive charge in a thermal shock test, cracking in the explosive charge at Verschuss is certainly avoided.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem folgenden anhand einer Figur erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiel.Further details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following with reference to a figure illustrated embodiment.

In der Fig. ist mit 1 ein beispielsweise aus einer Panzerhaubitze mit dem Kaliber 155 mm verschießbares drall stabilisiertes Sprenggeschoss bezeichnet. Das Sprenggeschoss 1 umfasst einen Geschosskörper 2 aus Stahl, der einen sich in Richtung der Längsachse 3 des Sprenggeschosses 1 erstreckenden Hohlraum 4 besitzt. In dem Hohlraum 4 befindet sich eine an sich bekannte kunststoffgebundene insensitive Sprengladung 5.In FIG. 1, a spin-stabilized explosive projectile which can be fired, for example, from a 155 mm caliber howitzer, can be fired. The explosive projectile 1 comprises a projectile body 2 made of steel, which has a cavity 4 extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis 3 of the projectile 1. In the cavity 4 is a known plastic-bound insensitive explosive charge. 5

Erfindungsgemäß ist nun vorgesehen, dass zwischen der inneren Oberfläche 6 des Geschosskörpers 2 und der dieser Oberfläche benachbarten Sprengladung 5 mindestens in Teilbereichen 7, 8 eine Silikon-Zwischenschicht 9 mit einer Schichtdicke von vorzugsweise 100 -200µm angeordnet ist (in dem in der Fig. dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind etwa 56 % der inneren Oberfläche 6 des Geschosskörpers 2 von der Silikon-Zwischenschicht 9 bedeckt).According to the invention, it is now provided that, between the inner surface 6 of the projectile body 2 and the explosive charge 5 adjacent to this surface, a silicone intermediate layer 9 with a layer thickness of preferably 100-200 μm is arranged at least in partial regions 7, 8 (in the depiction shown in FIG Embodiment, about 56% of the inner surface 6 of the projectile body 2 covered by the silicone intermediate layer 9).

Dabei ist die Silikon-Zwischenschicht 9 in dem der Geschossspitze 10 des Sprenggeschosses 1 zugewandten Teilbereich 7 der inneren Oberfläche 6 des Geschosskörpers 2 und/oder in dem dem Geschossheck 11 des Sprenggeschosses 1 zugewandten Teilbereich 8 der inneren Oberfläche 6 des Geschosskörpers 2 angeordnet. Nur in den Bereichen, in denen keine Silikon-Zwischenschicht 9 vorgesehen ist, erfolgt eine haftende Verbindung zwischen dem Geschosskörper 2 und der Sprengladung 5.Here, the silicone intermediate layer 9 is arranged in the projectile tip 10 of the projectile 1 facing portion 7 of the inner surface 6 of the projectile body 2 and / or in the projectile tail 11 of the projectile 1 facing portion 8 of the inner surface 6 of the projectile body 2. Only in the areas in which no silicone intermediate layer 9 is provided, there is an adhesive connection between the projectile body 2 and the explosive charge. 5

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Sprenggeschossexplosive projectile
22
Geschosskörperprojectile body
33
Längsachselongitudinal axis
44
Hohlraumcavity
55
Sprengladungexplosive charge
66
innere Oberflächeinner surface
7,87.8
Teilbereichsubregion
99
Silikon-ZwischenschichtIntermediate silicon film
1010
Geschossspitzebullet tip
1111
Geschossheckbullet tail

Claims (4)

  1. Explosive projectile having a projectile body (2) in which a cavity (4) is located which extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis (3) of the projectile and is filled with an explosive charge (5), wherein a silicone intermediate layer (9) is included at least in subareas (7, 8) between the inner surface (6) of the projectile body (2) and the explosive charge (5) and represents a separating means, and the explosive charge (5) is adhesively connected to the inner surface (6) of the projectile body (2) in the areas in which no silicone intermediate layer (9) is provided.
  2. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1, characterized in that 30 to 70% of the inner surface (6) of the projectile body (2) is provided with the silicone intermediate layer (9).
  3. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the silicone intermediate layer (9) is arranged in that subarea (7) of the inner surface (6) of the projectile body (2) which faces the projectile nose (10) of the explosive projectile (1), and/or is arranged in that subarea (8) of the inner surface (6) of the projectile body (2) which faces the projectile tail (11) of the explosive projectile (1).
  4. Explosive projectile according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the layer thickness of the silicone intermediate layer (9) is 10-1000 µm, preferably 100-200 µm.
EP06806296A 2005-10-25 2006-10-14 Explosive projectile Active EP1941230B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005050973A DE102005050973A1 (en) 2005-10-25 2005-10-25 explosive projectile
PCT/EP2006/009958 WO2007048521A1 (en) 2005-10-25 2006-10-14 Explosive projectile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1941230A1 EP1941230A1 (en) 2008-07-09
EP1941230B1 true EP1941230B1 (en) 2010-12-15

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EP (1) EP1941230B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE491926T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102005050973A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2354459T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2007048521A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013014665B3 (en) * 2013-08-29 2014-04-30 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das BMVg, vertreten durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr Explosive projectile has auger that is inserted into the explosive charge in the direction of the projectile axis, and head igniter that is fixed with auger

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WO2007048521A1 (en) 2007-05-03
EP1941230A1 (en) 2008-07-09
ES2354459T3 (en) 2011-03-15
ATE491926T1 (en) 2011-01-15
DE102005050973A1 (en) 2007-04-26
DE502006008531D1 (en) 2011-01-27

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