EP1937589A1 - Reformer system comprising electrical heating devices - Google Patents
Reformer system comprising electrical heating devicesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1937589A1 EP1937589A1 EP06792419A EP06792419A EP1937589A1 EP 1937589 A1 EP1937589 A1 EP 1937589A1 EP 06792419 A EP06792419 A EP 06792419A EP 06792419 A EP06792419 A EP 06792419A EP 1937589 A1 EP1937589 A1 EP 1937589A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reformer
- reformer system
- fuel
- zone
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
- B01J8/0221—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal in a cylindrical shaped bed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00026—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
- B01J2208/00035—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
- B01J2208/00044—Temperature measurement
- B01J2208/00061—Temperature measurement of the reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00389—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
- B01J2208/00415—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements electric resistance heaters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00433—Controlling the temperature using electromagnetic heating
- B01J2208/00442—Microwaves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00054—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
- B01J2219/00056—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
- B01J2219/00058—Temperature measurement
- B01J2219/00063—Temperature measurement of the reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00121—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling
- B01J2219/0013—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling by condensation of reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00132—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
- B01J2219/00135—Electric resistance heaters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00139—Controlling the temperature using electromagnetic heating
- B01J2219/00141—Microwaves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0894—Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/085—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by electric heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0855—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by electromagnetic heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0861—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by plasma
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1288—Evaporation of one or more of the different feed components
- C01B2203/1294—Evaporation by heat exchange with hot process stream
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a reformer system with a reformer for the chemical reaction of a hydrocarbon-containing fuel in a hydrogen-rich reformate gas, and electrical heating means by which the reformer system heat energy for producing a reaction temperature required for the reaction can be supplied.
- the invention further relates to a vehicle with such a reformer system.
- Reformers are generally used in motor vehicles to produce a hydrogen-rich synthesis or reformate gas consisting of hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and inert gas (N 2 , CO 2 , H 2 O) from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon-containing fuels.
- Suitable fuels are liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel or alcohols and gaseous fuels such as methane or natural gas in question.
- various reforming processes including partial oxidation, steam reforming, CO 2 reforming, cracking or even combinations thereof, such as autothermal reforming, are known. While the partial oxidation is highly exothermic, all other processes are endothermic or nearly energy neutral.
- a so-called shift reaction water gas equilibrium
- the reformate gas produced by the reformer can be used in motor vehicles to operate a fuel cell. Furthermore, such reformate gas can be supplied to an internal combustion engine to minimize the cold start, warm-up and raw emissions. In addition, reformate gas is also used for the aftertreatment of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
- the reforming processes in the reformer usually take place at very high temperatures, ie at temperatures of at least 800 ° C.
- suitable areas of the reformer are brought by supplying heat energy to this temperature level.
- a catalyst is heated in the reformer system by means of an electrical heating element.
- the heating element is supplied from a vehicle battery with electric current.
- the reformer is thermally preheated by means of an upstream combustion process.
- undesirable emissions such as HC and NO x .
- the invention has for its object to provide a vehicle with a reformer system of the type mentioned, by means of which the starting time of the reformer and the resulting undesirable emissions can be reduced with reasonable effort.
- This object is achieved according to the invention with a generic reformer system, which further comprises a capacitor which supplies the electric heating means with electric current. Furthermore, the object is achieved with a vehicle having such a reformer system according to the invention.
- the solution according to the invention is based on the finding that the electrical heating means for heating the reformer to a temperature required for the start of the reforming process only have to be supplied with power for a short time.
- an autonomous process takes place in the reformer, for the maintenance of which only little or no heat energy at all has to be supplied from the outside. That is, all of the electrical energy needed to start the reforming process is limited, but it must be available quickly.
- the capacitor used in this invention meets these requirements in contrast to conventional vehicle lead accumulators in a very cost-effective and space-saving manner. This can namely store a certain amount of electrical charge and deliver within a very short time to the electric heating means.
- the charge storable in the capacitor is tuned to bring the reformer system to the reaction temperature necessary to start the reforming process. Thereafter, the capacitor is recharged immediately by means of the vehicle battery or a fuel cell for a future startup process. This process can be done with these high performance capacitors in a very short time.
- the capacitor is designed as a high-power capacitor.
- a high-performance capacitor or ultracap or supercap can be the electric heating means required to heat the reformer system electrical energy within a very short time, whereby the start time of the reformer system can be further improved.
- the reformer system has a chemical reaction accelerator for reducing the reaction temperature required for the reaction.
- This reaction accelerator is also advantageously heatable by means of the electrical heating means at least in a heating section.
- the chemical reaction accelerator makes possible a considerable reduction in the reaction temperature. For the fuels gasoline or diesel, this decreases from about 1500 0 C to about 800 to 1000 0 C.
- the heating energy can be used particularly efficiently if the front surface of the reaction accelerator, to which the hydrocarbon-containing fuel / air mixture flows, can be heated.
- reaction accelerator which is arranged with its longitudinal direction parallel to the flow direction of the reformate gas
- a specific section can be heated in the longitudinal direction of the reaction accelerator.
- the electrically heatable region of the reaction accelerator does not necessarily have to be at the entrance of the reaction accelerator, but can also begin only within the reaction accelerator.
- the heating effect can be achieved when the electric heating means are integrally connected to the reaction accelerator, in particular form a substrate of the reaction accelerator in the heating section.
- the reaction accelerator may comprise a metallic substrate which has an electrical resistance suitable for heating the reaction accelerator.
- an electrically insulating material in particular ceramic form a substrate of the reaction accelerator.
- the heating section of the reaction accelerator can be sharply defined, thus optimizing the heating effect of the electric current in the limited heating section. In other words, the highest possible temperature can thus be achieved in a limited heating zone with a given electrical heating energy.
- the portion of the reaction accelerator formed of electrically insulating substrate may either be in direct contact with or spaced from the heating section. In a spaced arrangement of the heating section is thermally largely isolated, whereby the heat energy introduced by the electric heating means optimally heated the heating section.
- the reformer system has a treatment zone for processing the hydrocarbon-containing fuel before the chemical reaction, and the treatment zone can be heated by means of the electric heating means.
- the treatment zone serves to evaporate the hydrocarbon-containing fuel before the actual reforming reaction and homogenize with the air so that the reforming reaction can proceed optimally.
- the heating of the treatment zone which takes place according to the invention also comprises direct heating of the fuel / air mixture contained in the treatment zone. Due to the already occurring in the treatment zone heating is in addition to the faster start time of the reforming process, a more complete implementation of the fuel in Reformatgas effected. This in turn reduces the undesirable emissions associated with the reforming process.
- the treatment zone is formed as a mixture formation zone in which the hydrocarbonaceous fuel is mixed with air, and / or as a fuel evaporation zone in which the hydrocarbonaceous fuel is vaporized.
- the fuel is advantageously injected through an injector into the treatment zone, whereby it is finely distributed in the treatment zone.
- This forms a homogeneous air / fuel mixture in the processing zone formed as a mixture formation zone.
- the treatment zone can also be designed as a fuel evaporation zone. In this, the thermal energy supplied by the electric heating means is used to vaporize the fuel. An evaporation of the fuel allows the generation of a particularly homogeneous air / fuel mixture.
- a further homogenization of the mixture can be achieved by heating the air supplied from the outside.
- the presence of a highly homogeneous air / fuel mixture leads to a particularly complete conversion of the fuel in the subsequent reforming process, whereby residues and in particular undesirable emissions can be minimized.
- the electrical heating means in particular for heating the treatment zone, comprise a wire, in particular in the form of a grid wire construction, means for generating electromagnetic radiation and / or means for generating an arc or plasma.
- the grid wire construction may surround the entire processing zone or a subsection thereof.
- the grid wire construction preferably represents a casing of the treatment zone in a longitudinal direction parallel to the flow direction of the reformate gas. In this case, the casing can also extend only over part of the length of the treatment zone in the longitudinal direction.
- While a grid wire construction enables a particularly cost-effective realization of the heating effect, can be determined by the means for generating electromagnetic Radiation and / or the means for generating an arc or plasma energy are transmitted directly to the individual molecules of the present in the treatment zone LufWKraftstoffgemisches. In this way, a particularly efficient energy transfer and thus a particularly rapid heating of LufWKraftstoffgemisches done.
- a means for generating electromagnetic radiation for example, a microwave generator can be used.
- the reformer system according to the invention advantageously has a heat exchanger zone, which is thermally conductively connected to an outflow zone of the reformate gas and / or a reaction zone having the reaction accelerator and preheated by means of which outside air and then flowed into the treatment zone or can be initiated.
- This waste heat of the reformate gas can be used to preheat the air used to form the LufWKraftstoffgemisches.
- the heating demand in the treatment zone is reduced or even completely eliminated as soon as the reformer system is in a stable reaction process after passing through the start-up phase.
- the reformer system has an electrical ignition device arranged in the region of the treatment zone, by means of which fuel combustion or fuel oxidation can be generated for heating the treatment zone.
- the reaction temperature required for a stable reforming process can thus be achieved more quickly.
- the hydrocarbon-containing fuel convertible by the reformer system is liquid and comprises in particular gasoline, diesel and / or alcohols.
- gasoline or diesel in reformer systems used in motor vehicles is particularly advantageous because these fuels are already used in today's engines and thus no conversion measures at the gas stations are required.
- the reformer system is designed to carry out a partial oxidation process for converting the carbonaceous fuel into a hydrogen-rich reformate gas. Since the partial oxidation is highly exothermic, after reaching the reaction temperature in the reformer no further thermal energy must be supplied from the outside.
- the reformer system advantageously comprises a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature in the treatment zone and / or the reaction accelerator, and a control device for controlling the power supply of the electrical heating means in dependence on the measured temperature.
- the existing electrical energy in the capacitor can be used optimally and without unnecessary losses to start the reformer system.
- the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t can be used as a reference variable of the control device.
- the determination of the temperature gradient can advantageously be carried out by measuring the change in the electrical resistance of a wire grid or substrate which can also be used as a heating medium.
- the temperature gradient can also be determined by temperature measurements by means of temperature sensors.
- the output from the capacitor electric power can thus be made as needed, because on the one hand the heating of the corresponding zones in terms of a very fast and at the same time possible emission-free reformer start should be done, but on the other hand overheating of these zones for safety or durability reasons must be avoided.
- the reformer system has a control device for controlling the power supply of the electrical heating means in adaptation to boundary conditions of the reformer system, such as aging effects and component tolerances, and / or fuel influences.
- the regulation of the electrical energy delivered by the capacitor can thus be carried out in such a way that the temperature profile which occurs in the corresponding zones corresponds to a desired specification.
- the heating process is aborted.
- An inventive vehicle with an aforementioned reformer system advantageously has a consumer, in particular an internal combustion engine, an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine and / or a fuel cell, which is connected to gas supply means for supplying the reformate gas from the reformer system to the customer.
- a supply of the reformate gas to the internal combustion engine serves to minimize the cold start / warm-up and raw emissions of the internal combustion engine. It is particularly important that the reforming process can be started within the shortest possible time and with minimal pollutants, as the emissions of the combustion engine are greatest at its start. The same applies to the use of the reformate gas in an exhaust aftertreatment system.
- FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of a first embodiment of a reformer system according to the invention with a heated mixture forming zone
- FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of a second embodiment of a reformer system according to the invention with a heatable reaction accelerator
- FIG. 3 shows a partial sectional view of a third exemplary embodiment of a reformer system with both a heatable mixture-forming zone and a heatable reaction accelerator
- Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view of an embodiment of a reformer, which is used as an alternative to the reformers shown in Fig. 1 to 3 in a reformer system according to the invention, as well as
- Fig. 5 is an illustration of the mixture forming zone and the reaction zone of a reformer system according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 to 3 various embodiments of a reformer system according to the invention are shown. These each comprise a reformer 10, which is designed as an elongated container. In this longitudinal direction, an inflow zone 12, a mixture forming zone 14 indicated by a broken boundary line, a reaction zone 16 and an outflow zone 18 are arranged. Through the inflow zone 12, air 24 drawn in from the outside flows into the mixture-forming zone 14. The air is conveyed via a pump not shown in the figures or a blower in the reformer. An injector 20 injects fuel 22, such as gasoline or diesel, via the inflow zone 12 into the mixture forming zone 14.
- the typical air to fuel ratio for a partial oxidation occurring in the reaction zone 16 is in the range of about 0.33.
- electrical heating means 30, such as a heating wire structure, are shown in the mixture forming zone 14 in FIG. 5, by means of which heat energy can be supplied to the mixture forming zone 14.
- electric heating means 30 may alternatively be used a microwave generator.
- the heat supply on the one hand, the evaporation of the fuel 22 in the air 24 is supported to promote optimal mixing of the air / fuel mixture.
- the air-fuel mixture is brought to a reaction temperature by the heat supply at which the reforming process assisted by a reaction accelerator 26 starts and proceeds by itself.
- the heating of the air-fuel mixture can also be assisted via an upstream combustion process.
- the reaction temperature required for the expiration of the reforming process is in use of gasoline or diesel as fuel 22 at about 800 to 1000 ° C.
- the mixture forming zone 14 may optionally also include an electric igniter 42 to assist in the heating of the air-fuel mixture.
- an electrical ignition device 42 can also be provided for the embodiments of the reformer system according to the invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the electric heating means 30 are connected via a power line 34 to a high power capacitor 36. This has sufficient capacity to store the charge needed to heat the air-fuel mixture to the reaction temperature. The charge can flow within a very short time to the electric heating means 30, which is why the time required to start the reformer system can be kept very short.
- the high power capacitor 36 is connected via another power line 38 to the vehicle battery 40 or a vehicle-mounted fuel cell, such as an SOFC for recharging.
- the thus heated air / fuel mixture then enters the reaction zone 16 containing the reaction accelerator 26, in which the air / fuel mixture is converted into a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, which is referred to below as reformate gas 28.
- the reaction accelerator 26 is provided with electrical heating means 32 instead of the mixture forming zone 14.
- the electric heating means 32 are shown schematically in FIG.
- the air / fuel flow facing end side of the reaction accelerator 26 can be heated.
- the electric heating means 32 may include heating wires as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but also form a substrate of the reaction accelerator 26.
- the heating of the reaction accelerator 26 brings it to a light-off temperature at which the reaction accelerator 26 supports the reforming process.
- the electric heating means 32 via a power line 34 a through a high-power capacitor 36, which is rechargeable via a vehicle battery 40, supplied with power.
- both the mixture forming zone 14 and the reaction accelerator 26 have electrical heating means 30 and 32, respectively, as shown in FIG. These are each connected via a power line 34 or 34 a with a rechargeable via a vehicle battery 40 high-power capacitor 36.
- Fig. 5 illustrates the respective extent of the electrical heating means 30 and 32 in the mixture forming zone 14 and / or in or on the reaction accelerator 26.
- the section marked d 2 denotes the axial extent of the electric heating means 32 on the reaction accelerator 26. This can either over the entire length I 2 of the reaction accelerator 26 or, as shown in Fig. 5, extend over only a portion of the same.
- the region of the reaction accelerator of length d 2 to be heated up electrically does not necessarily have to be at the reaction accelerator inlet, but can also begin only within the reaction accelerator 26 with a certain distance from the reaction accelerator inlet.
- a non-electrically heated reaction accelerator region 26a may optionally also be made of an electrically non-conductive material, such as ceramic. The same applies to the heating of the mixture formation zone 14. Again, either the entire axial extent I 1 of this zone can be electrically heated or the heating occurs only in a range U 1 ⁇ I 1 within this zone with a certain distance from the beginning of the mixture formation zone 14th
- a further embodiment of a reformer 10 is shown, which can be used optionally in one of the embodiments of a reformer system according to the invention shown in Figures 1 to 3.
- the air 24 is not flowed through the inflow zone 12 at the front of the reformer 10 as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 in the mixture formation zone 14, but laterally introduced via a reformer 10 enveloping the heat exchanger zone 44 in the mixture forming zone 14 ,
- the heat exchanger zone 44 is thermally conductively connected to the reaction zone 16 and the discharge zone 18.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/248,165 US20070084116A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 | 2005-10-13 | Reformer system having electrical heating devices |
PCT/EP2006/009827 WO2007042279A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 | 2006-10-11 | Reformer system comprising electrical heating devices |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1937589A1 true EP1937589A1 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
Family
ID=37546903
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06792419A Withdrawn EP1937589A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 | 2006-10-11 | Reformer system comprising electrical heating devices |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070084116A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1937589A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007042279A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7610993B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2009-11-03 | John Timothy Sullivan | Flow-through mufflers with optional thermo-electric, sound cancellation, and tuning capabilities |
US7736399B2 (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2010-06-15 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Electrically-heated metal vaporizer for fuel/air preparation in a hydrocarbon reformer assembly |
WO2013135660A1 (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-19 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Axial flow reactor having heating planes and intermediate planes |
EP2825502A1 (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2015-01-21 | Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH | Method for producing co and/or h2 in an alternating operation between two operating modes |
WO2013135668A1 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-19 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Chemical reactor system, comprising an axial flow reactor with heating levels and intermediate levels |
WO2013135667A1 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-19 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Method for producing synthesis gas |
WO2013135657A1 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-19 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Method for producing synthesis gas in alternating operation between two operating modes |
EP3814274B1 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2022-05-04 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Electrically heated reactor and a process for gas conversions using said reactor |
EP3670676A1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-24 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Method and device for direct reduction with electrically heated reducing gas |
Family Cites Families (58)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2898202A (en) * | 1955-10-24 | 1959-08-04 | Oxy Catalyst Inc | Gas treating apparatus |
US3370914A (en) * | 1963-11-20 | 1968-02-27 | Esso Res And Eingineering Comp | Method of treating exhaust gases of internal combustion engines |
FR2548264B1 (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1985-12-13 | Renault | REGENERATION OF PARTICLE FILTERS, ESPECIALLY FOR DIESEL ENGINES |
US5266175A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1993-11-30 | Exxon Research & Engineering Company | Conversion of methane, carbon dioxide and water using microwave radiation |
US5272871A (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1993-12-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Method and apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides from internal combustion engine |
JPH05106430A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1993-04-27 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Nitrogen oxide reducing device for internal combustion engine |
US5322671A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1994-06-21 | Blue Planet Technologies Co., L.P. | Catalytic vessel |
EP0598917B2 (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 2009-04-15 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust emission control system for internal combustion engine |
JP2605553B2 (en) * | 1992-08-04 | 1997-04-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine |
EP0625633B1 (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 2000-03-15 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas cleaning apparatus for internal combustion engines |
US5406790A (en) * | 1992-12-11 | 1995-04-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purification device for an engine |
JP3344040B2 (en) * | 1993-11-25 | 2002-11-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine |
DE4404617C2 (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1998-11-05 | Daimler Benz Ag | Device for the selective catalyzed NO¶x¶ reduction in oxygen-containing exhaust gases from internal combustion engines |
US5657625A (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1997-08-19 | Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus and method for internal combustion engine control |
JPH0810575A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-16 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Nitrogen oxides reducing method |
DE4441261A1 (en) * | 1994-11-19 | 1996-05-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Device for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine |
GB2305186B (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1997-09-24 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel reforming apparatus and electric power generating system having the same |
US20010041153A1 (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 2001-11-15 | Dornier Gmbh | Method and device for catalytic nitrogen oxide reduction of motor vehicle exhaust |
JP3089989B2 (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 2000-09-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Diesel engine exhaust purification system |
JP3899534B2 (en) * | 1995-08-14 | 2007-03-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification method for diesel engine |
EP0761286B1 (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 2005-12-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | A method for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine |
US5853684A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 1998-12-29 | The Hong Kong University Of Science & Technology | Catalytic removal of sulfur dioxide from flue gas |
US5727385A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-03-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Lean-burn nox catalyst/nox trap system |
US5921076A (en) * | 1996-01-09 | 1999-07-13 | Daimler-Benz Ag | Process and apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides in engine emissions |
US6354078B1 (en) * | 1996-02-22 | 2002-03-12 | Volvo Personvagnar Ab | Device and method for reducing emissions in catalytic converter exhaust systems |
US5768888A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1998-06-23 | Matros Technologies, Inc. | Emission control system |
US5894725A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1999-04-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for maintaining catalyst efficiency of a NOx trap |
ATE220943T1 (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 2002-08-15 | Siemens Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DESTRUCTION OF OXIDIC POLLUTANTS IN AN EXHAUST GAS CONTAINING OXYGEN AND ENGINE OPERATED THEREFROM |
EP0892159A3 (en) * | 1997-07-17 | 2000-04-26 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Exhaust gas cleaning apparatus and method for internal combustion engine |
US6199374B1 (en) * | 1997-10-22 | 2001-03-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purifying device for engine |
DE19747670C1 (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 1998-12-10 | Daimler Benz Ag | Exhaust gas cleaning system for internal combustion engine |
DE19755600C2 (en) * | 1997-12-15 | 2002-01-17 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Operation of an internal combustion engine in connection with a NOx storage catalytic converter |
JP3805098B2 (en) * | 1998-03-26 | 2006-08-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Engine exhaust gas purification control device |
DE19827195A1 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 1999-12-23 | Volkswagen Ag | Process for the de-sulfation of a NOx storage catalytic converter |
JP2000007301A (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-11 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Reforming reactor |
JP3565035B2 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2004-09-15 | 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 | NOx reduction system for combustion exhaust gas |
DE19842625C2 (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2003-03-27 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Method for operating an internal combustion engine system with sulfur enriching emission control component and thus operable internal combustion engine system |
US6122909A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-09-26 | Lynntech, Inc. | Catalytic reduction of emissions from internal combustion engines |
US6560958B1 (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2003-05-13 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Emission abatement system |
US6176078B1 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2001-01-23 | Engelhard Corporation | Plasma fuel processing for NOx control of lean burn engines |
US6125629A (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2000-10-03 | Engelhard Corporation | Staged reductant injection for improved NOx reduction |
US6266750B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2001-07-24 | Advanced Memory International, Inc. | Variable length pipeline with parallel functional units |
JP3680650B2 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2005-08-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine |
US6497092B1 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2002-12-24 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | NOx absorber diagnostics and automotive exhaust control system utilizing the same |
US6293096B1 (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 2001-09-25 | Southwest Research Institute | Multiple stage aftertreatment system |
US6237326B1 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2001-05-29 | Ford Global Technolgies, Inc. | Engine control system and method with lean catalyst and particulate filter |
US6253543B1 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2001-07-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Lean catalyst and particulate filter control |
US6199375B1 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2001-03-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Lean catalyst and particulate filter control system and method |
JP4045564B2 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2008-02-13 | 株式会社日本ケミカル・プラント・コンサルタント | Self-oxidation internal heating type reformer and method |
JP2001170454A (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2001-06-26 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Exhaust gas cleaning system and exhaust gas cleaning catalyst |
US6391822B1 (en) * | 2000-02-09 | 2002-05-21 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Dual NOx adsorber catalyst system |
US6269633B1 (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-08-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Emission control system |
US6458478B1 (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-10-01 | Chi S. Wang | Thermoelectric reformer fuel cell process and system |
US20020108308A1 (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2002-08-15 | Grieve Malcolm James | Temperature/reaction management system for fuel reformer systems |
JP4427782B2 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2010-03-10 | イートン コーポレーション | System for improved exhaust control of internal combustion engines |
US6728602B2 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2004-04-27 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Control system for an electric heater |
EP1516663A3 (en) * | 2002-04-14 | 2006-03-22 | IdaTech, LLC. | Steam reformer with burner |
US6832473B2 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-12-21 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for regenerating NOx adsorbers and/or particulate filters |
-
2005
- 2005-10-13 US US11/248,165 patent/US20070084116A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-10-11 EP EP06792419A patent/EP1937589A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-10-11 WO PCT/EP2006/009827 patent/WO2007042279A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2007042279A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070084116A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
WO2007042279A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1937589A1 (en) | Reformer system comprising electrical heating devices | |
US7736399B2 (en) | Electrically-heated metal vaporizer for fuel/air preparation in a hydrocarbon reformer assembly | |
EP1060942B1 (en) | Vehicle having an internal combustion drive engine and comprising a fuel cell arrangement for the supply of current meeting the electrical requirements of the vehicle and method for operating such a vehicle | |
DE2542997C2 (en) | Method and device for starting a gas generator for converting hydrocarbons into a fuel gas and an internal combustion engine to be fed with the fuel gas | |
DE60215086T2 (en) | Fuel reformer and method for starting this reformer | |
DE102008018152B4 (en) | Fuel cell system and associated operating method | |
DE10107332A1 (en) | Fuel cell system | |
EP1947723B1 (en) | System for providing energy | |
DE102006050560A1 (en) | Operating method for a system of a reformer and a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device | |
DE102006028699A1 (en) | reformer system | |
DE102007019359A1 (en) | Fuel cell system and associated starting method | |
EP1739777B1 (en) | Fuel cell system for vehicles | |
DE102005030474A1 (en) | Fuel cell system for vehicles has reformate burner arrangement that sends incineration gases to fuel cell before and after anti-condensation temperature is reached by remaining hydrocarbons and water vapor in reformer | |
EP1524239B1 (en) | Evaporator for the realisaton of a hydrogen production from a degradable hydrocarbon/air or/and steam mixture in a reformer and method for the operation of such an evaporator | |
DE10104607A1 (en) | Gas generation system for a fuel cell system and method for operating a gas generation system | |
DE102018105633A1 (en) | Emission control system of an internal combustion engine | |
DE102008027292A1 (en) | Fuel cell system and thus equipped motor vehicle | |
DE102006017617A1 (en) | Fuel cell system and associated operating method | |
DE10223999B4 (en) | A fuel cell fuel processor and method of controlling the thermal start-up phase temperature in a fuel processor of a fuel cell | |
EP1845577B1 (en) | Fuel cell system | |
EP1925790B1 (en) | System of an internal combustion engine | |
DE102006043101A1 (en) | Apparatus and method for producing ammonia | |
EP2075225B1 (en) | Reformer, fuel cell system and process for its operation | |
AT524859B1 (en) | Internal combustion system with an internal combustion engine | |
DE10210367B4 (en) | Exhaust gas purification system and exhaust gas purification method for cleaning an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20080227 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: HUBER, JOCHEM Inventor name: RINGLER, JUERGEN Inventor name: LIEBL, CHRISTIAN Inventor name: KIRWAN, JOHN Inventor name: PREIS, MICHAEL Inventor name: GRIEVE, JAMES |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20100501 |