EP1930496B1 - Synthetic fibre rope - Google Patents

Synthetic fibre rope Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1930496B1
EP1930496B1 EP07120987.8A EP07120987A EP1930496B1 EP 1930496 B1 EP1930496 B1 EP 1930496B1 EP 07120987 A EP07120987 A EP 07120987A EP 1930496 B1 EP1930496 B1 EP 1930496B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
indicator
fibres
rope
strand
fibers
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EP07120987.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1930496A3 (en
EP1930496A2 (en
Inventor
Claudio De Angelis
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Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
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Priority to EP07120987.8A priority Critical patent/EP1930496B1/en
Publication of EP1930496A2 publication Critical patent/EP1930496A2/en
Publication of EP1930496A3 publication Critical patent/EP1930496A3/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/145—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising elements for indicating or detecting the rope or cable status
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B66B7/06—Arrangements of ropes or cables
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/24—Ropes or cables with a prematurely failing element
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
    • D07B2205/205—Aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3003—Glass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2007—Elevators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a synthetic fiber rope consisting of strands arranged in at least one strand layer, wherein each strand of stranded yarns and the yarns consist of synthetic fibers, wherein at least one strand of at least one strand layer has indicator fibers for monitoring the life of the rope according to the definition of the independent patent claims.
  • EP 1 371 597 A1 is known as a suspension for lifts used, sheathed rope known.
  • the rope has inner layers of strands and outer layers of strands, wherein a strand layer consists of several stranded strands and the stranding direction of the inner strand layers is opposite to the stranding direction of the outer strand layer.
  • the tensile strength of the inner strand layers is higher than the tensile strength of the outer strand layer.
  • Each strand is constructed of stranded and impregnated aramid fibers.
  • the service life of the outer strand layer is smaller than the service life of the inner strand layers.
  • each two adjacent strands are provided with electrically conductive wires that rub against each other and thus detect the expiration of the rope life or the end of the Seillebensdauer in a timely manner.
  • the cable has inner layers of strands and outer layers of strands, wherein a strand layer consists of several stranded strands and the stranding direction of the inner strand layers is in the same direction as the stranding direction of the outer strand layer.
  • Each strand is constructed of stranded and impregnated aramid fibers.
  • each a strand of a strand layer is provided with electrically conductive carbon fibers.
  • the carbon fibers tend to crack or break, either due to excessive strains or too large a number of bending changes, than the supporting aramid fibers of the strand.
  • the number of cracked carbon fibers can be determined.
  • only a certain percentage of the carbon fibers may fail. Then the elevator is automatically driven to a predetermined stop and turned off.
  • the invention aims to remedy this situation.
  • the invention as characterized in claim 1, solves the problem of providing a synthetic fiber rope with increased sensitivity for monitoring the life of the rope.
  • the monitoring of rope life is a fundamental problem of all synthetic fiber ropes, especially those that are surrounded by a jacket.
  • the Carbon fibers are selected according to the load requirements in the rope and arranged.
  • a disadvantage of this method may be that the parameters to be conditioned can not be optimally matched to each other and the suspension means must be replaced too early to be far enough from the critical state.
  • synthetic fiber ropes serving as suspension means can be used up to 60% or 80% of the residual breaking force, based on the normal breaking force. The more precisely this point can be reached, the more economically can suspension elements be used.
  • synthetic fiber cables serving as lifting means for elevators are permanently electrically monitored by means of yarns of carbon fibers integrated in the cable strands.
  • the advantage here is that the synthetic fiber ropes over its entire length including non-visible areas, such as the areas in the cable locks, are monitored.
  • the synthetic fiber ropes detect the abrasive wear within the rope and reliably detect damage from outside and give the elevator user a maximum of security through the constant connection to the elevator control, which can respond quickly and uncompromisingly when needed.
  • An indicator fiber may be any material that is conductive in any form, such as fibers having optical fiber properties, or metallic coated engineering fibers, carbon fibers, etc. that are electrically conductive, with the fibers rubbing sooner on direct wear contact the carrying fibers.
  • the conductive indicator fibers are contacted at the end of the rope and connected to devices. At one end of the rope the indicator fibers are connected to a signal transmitter and at the other end of the rope, the indicator fibers are connected to a signal receiver. The transmission signal is measured by means of the signal receiver and evaluated on the basis of the measured or the missing signal, the state of the indicator fibers.
  • EP 0 731 209 A1 shows an example of an indicator fiber monitoring by means of electrical signals.
  • a synthetic fiber rope consists of several stranded strands arranged in different layers, wherein each strand consists of stranded yarns, wherein a yarn consists of, for example, 1000 synthetic fibers.
  • a raw yarn consists either of unidirectional synthetic fibers or has a protective rotation of, for example, 15 revolutions per meter for better processability already at the factory.
  • fiber is used as a length-independent generic term for all textile fibers.
  • “Filament” is the name for textile fibers of very large or practically endless length in the manufacture of man-made fibers.
  • the stranding direction of the yarns in the strands is provided so that the single fiber is advantageously aligned in the pulling direction of the cable or in the cable longitudinal axis.
  • the synthetic fiber rope may be composed of chemical fibers such as aramid fibers or related fibers, polyethylene fibers, polyester fibers and glass fibers, etc.
  • the synthetic fiber rope may consist of one or two or three or more than three strand layers. At least one strand of at least one strand layer has indicator fibers or at least one indicator yarn for monitoring the life of the rope.
  • the plastic surrounding the strand provided with at least one indicator yarn, also called matrix has a lower abrasion resistance than the matrix of the remaining strands.
  • the matrix material or the resin of the strands surrounding the strands with indicator yarns consists of a softer plastic (for example Shore hardness range A) than the matrix materials (for example shorehardness range D) of the adjacent or remaining strands, as a result of which this strand is opposite to a strand without indicator yarn lower resistance to Abrasion has.
  • the matrix material may be interspersed with a plasticizer.
  • known plasticizers can be used. Due to the poorer abrasion behavior of the strands with indicator yarns, an early onset wear and thus earlier failure of the indicator yarns in the strands is provoked during flexure by the relative movement occurring with the adjacent strands.
  • the strand with indicator yarn acts as a predetermined breaking point.
  • the stranded wire with indicator yarn is referred to below as the indicator strand.
  • the wear increase can be controlled.
  • Phthalates and adipates are typical softeners that soften the strand whose transverse stiffness is lower and the resistance to abrasion is reduced.
  • the matrix can be made "softer" than the neighboring strands, with increasing amount of plasticizer, the abrasion behavior deteriorates depending on the degree of softness.
  • the matrix material of the adjacent strand or other strands (strand without indicator yarn) which is identical to the matrix material of the indicator strand can be mixed with an additive which reduces the friction with respect to the indicator strand.
  • additives for example, waxes or small amounts of Teflon can be added. (1 to 3% wax or 5 to 15% Teflon powder, based on the solids content of the matrix without fiber content).
  • this can be done with the matrix material of the neighboring strand identical matrix material of the indicator strand during manufacture are treated so that the plastic matrix degraded until the hardness and the wear resistance decreases.
  • This is achieved by a temperature treatment of the indicator strand at a temperature greater than 230 ° and a treatment time of more than 20 s. Due to the temperature, the long molecular chains required for the material properties separate so much that the molecules no longer completely recombine on cooling.
  • the stranded matrix can be fed with water molecules that prevent complete recombination of the molecular chains. Alternatively, other molecules are conceivable that impair or prevent recombination. There is an initial degradation of the matrix, which leads to a significantly lower abrasion resistance and thus provokes a failure of the indicator yarn. The abrasion protection is deliberately deteriorated.
  • the indicator yarn is located in the vicinity of the strand surface and makes the helical structure of the synthetic fibers or synthetic fiber yarns with. Because of the softer stranded matrix, the indicator yarn is rubbed through. Thus, the permanent monitoring of the load-bearing strand is interrupted and detected as wear before the other supporting strands were affected. This ensures that the indicator strands have different performance not only because of the different elongation at break, but also because of the different hardness of the matrix, a reliable failure probability is generated. (The elongation at break is stretching until a fiber, yarn or strand breaks).
  • the indicator strands in a multilayer synthetic fiber rope in such a way that the load bearing is higher in relation to the adjacent strands.
  • the two inner concentric Litzenlagen a higher load share, because although the lay length compared to the outermost layer is constant, the impact angle to the center of the synthetic fiber rope is getting smaller.
  • the strands are significantly steeper in the rope network, whereby the strands are shorter or longer depending on the situation. Due to the geometric limitation, the innermost strands are the shortest and therefore have the higher percentage of support. Therefore, it is advisable to arrange further indicator yarns in individual strands of the two inner strand layers.
  • the middle strand layer is to be preferred because this layer is subjected to increased stress due to the different winding radii and thus different bending speeds.
  • a synthetic fiber with very good dynamic bending capacity can be used for the strand construction of the strand without indicator yarn.
  • the indicator fibers for example, carbon fibers
  • the superior synthetic fibers exist for the use of current co-polymer based suspending agents, for example copoly-terephthalamide, among these Conditions of working inferior fibers may be poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide.
  • the dynamic bending capacity is the bending capacity under changing loads).
  • the indicator fibers for example carbon fibers
  • the indicator fibers can be combined with synthetic fibers which have a higher modulus of elasticity compared to the other synthetic fibers of the indicator strand or to the synthetic fibers of the strand without indicator yarn.
  • synthetic fibers which are combined with the indicator yarns in the indicator strands for example, Twaron fibers having an E-modulus of 100,000 to 120,000 N / mm 2 can be used.
  • the remaining fibers of the non-indicator strands may for example consist of techno fibers with 76'000 N / mm 2 .
  • the above measures to monitor the life of the rope can also be combined.
  • the resistance to abrasion by changing the stranded matrix can be provided and at the same time the indicator yarn consist of indicator fibers and synthetic fibers which are inferior in stress to the other synthetic fibers.

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  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kunstfaserseil bestehend aus in mindestens einer Litzenlage angeordneten Litzen, wobei jede Litze aus verseilten Garnen und die Garne aus Kunstfasern bestehen, wobei mindestens eine Litze mindestens einer Litzenlage Indikatorfasern zur Überwachung der Seillebensdauer aufweist gemäss der Definition der unabhängigen Patentansprüche.The invention relates to a synthetic fiber rope consisting of strands arranged in at least one strand layer, wherein each strand of stranded yarns and the yarns consist of synthetic fibers, wherein at least one strand of at least one strand layer has indicator fibers for monitoring the life of the rope according to the definition of the independent patent claims.

Aus der Anmeldeschrift EP 1 371 597 A1 ist ein als Tragmittel für Aufzüge verwendetes, ummanteltes Seil bekannt geworden. Das Seil weist innere Litzenlagen und äussere Litzenlagen auf, wobei eine Litzenlage aus mehreren verseilten Litzen besteht und die Verseilrichtung der inneren Litzenlagen entgegengesetzt zur Verseilrichtung der äusseren Litzenlage ist. Die Zugfestigkeit der inneren Litzenlagen ist höher als die Zugfestigkeit der äusseren Litzenlage. Jede Litze ist aufgebaut aus verseilten und imprägnierten Aramidkunstfasern. Die Standzeit der äusseren Litzenlage ist kleiner als die Standzeit der inneren Litzenlagen. Zur Überwachung des Seils sind einzelne Litzen der äusseren Litzenlage mit elektrisch leitenden Drähten versehen, wobei jeweils zwei benachbarte Litzen mit elektrisch leitenden Drähten versehen sind, die sich gegenseitig abreiben und somit den Ablauf der Seilstandzeit bzw. das Ende der Seillebensdauer rechtzeitig detektieren.From the registration EP 1 371 597 A1 is known as a suspension for lifts used, sheathed rope known. The rope has inner layers of strands and outer layers of strands, wherein a strand layer consists of several stranded strands and the stranding direction of the inner strand layers is opposite to the stranding direction of the outer strand layer. The tensile strength of the inner strand layers is higher than the tensile strength of the outer strand layer. Each strand is constructed of stranded and impregnated aramid fibers. The service life of the outer strand layer is smaller than the service life of the inner strand layers. To monitor the rope individual strands of the outer strand layer are provided with electrically conductive wires, each two adjacent strands are provided with electrically conductive wires that rub against each other and thus detect the expiration of the rope life or the end of the Seillebensdauer in a timely manner.

Aus der Anmeldeschrift EP 0 731 209 A1 ist ein als Tragmittel für Aufzüge verwendetes, ummanteltes Seil bekannt geworden. Das Seil weist innere Litzenlagen und äussere Litzenlagen auf, wobei eine Litzenlage aus mehreren verseilten Litzen besteht und die Verseilrichtung der inneren Litzenlagen gleichsinnig zur Verseilrichtung der äusseren Litzenlage ist. Jede Litze ist aufgebaut aus verseilten und imprägnierten Aramidkunstfasern. Zur Überwachung der Seillebensdauer bzw. der Ablegereife des Kunstfaserseils ist jeweils eine Litze einer Litzenlage mit elektrisch leitenden Kohlenfasern versehen. Im laufenden Betrieb werden in jedem Fall die Kohlenfasern entweder aufgrund zu grosser Dehnungen oder einer zu grossen Anzahl von Biegewechseln eher reissen oder brechen als die tragenden Aramidfasern der Litze. Mit Hilfe einer Spannungsquelle kann die Zahl der gerissenen Kohlenfasern bestimmt werden. Damit eine Resttragfähigkeit des Kunstfaserseiles gewährleistet werden kann, darf nur ein bestimmter Prozentsatz der Kohlenfasern versagen. Dann wird der Aufzug selbsttätig in einen vorbestimmten Halt gefahren und ausgeschaltet.From the registration EP 0 731 209 A1 is one as Tragmittel for lifts used, sheathed rope has become known. The cable has inner layers of strands and outer layers of strands, wherein a strand layer consists of several stranded strands and the stranding direction of the inner strand layers is in the same direction as the stranding direction of the outer strand layer. Each strand is constructed of stranded and impregnated aramid fibers. To monitor the rope life or the Ablegereife the synthetic fiber rope each a strand of a strand layer is provided with electrically conductive carbon fibers. During operation, in any case, the carbon fibers tend to crack or break, either due to excessive strains or too large a number of bending changes, than the supporting aramid fibers of the strand. With the help of a voltage source, the number of cracked carbon fibers can be determined. In order to ensure a residual capacity of the synthetic fiber rope, only a certain percentage of the carbon fibers may fail. Then the elevator is automatically driven to a predetermined stop and turned off.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Die Erfindung, wie sie in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnet ist, löst die Aufgabe, ein Kunstfaserseil mit erhöhter Sensitivität zur Überwachung der Seillebensdauer zu schaffen.The invention aims to remedy this situation. The invention, as characterized in claim 1, solves the problem of providing a synthetic fiber rope with increased sensitivity for monitoring the life of the rope.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Die Überwachung der Seillebensdauer ist ein grundsätzliches Problem aller Kunstfaserseile, insbesondere derer, die mit einem Mantel umgeben sind.The monitoring of rope life is a fundamental problem of all synthetic fiber ropes, especially those that are surrounded by a jacket.

Gemäss heutigem Stand der Technik können die Kohlenstofffasern den Belastungsansprüchen im Seil entsprechend ausgewählt und angeordnet werden. Nachteilig an dieser Methode kann sein, dass die zu konditionierenden Parameter nicht optimal aufeinander abgestimmt werden können und die Tragmittel zu frühzeitig ausgewechselt werden müssen, um weit genug vom kritischen Zustand entfernt zu sein. Im Aufzugsbau können als Tragmittel dienende Kunstfaserseile bis zu 60% respektive 80% der Restbruchkraft, bezogen auf die Normalbruchkraft eingesetzt werden. Je genauer dieser Punkt erreichbar ist, desto wirtschaftlicher können Tragmittel eingesetzt werden.According to the current state of the art, the Carbon fibers are selected according to the load requirements in the rope and arranged. A disadvantage of this method may be that the parameters to be conditioned can not be optimally matched to each other and the suspension means must be replaced too early to be far enough from the critical state. In elevator construction, synthetic fiber ropes serving as suspension means can be used up to 60% or 80% of the residual breaking force, based on the normal breaking force. The more precisely this point can be reached, the more economically can suspension elements be used.

Je nach Art, Einsatzgebiet und Sicherheitsanforderung der Kunstfaserseilanwendung stellen sich erhöhte Anforderungen an die Überwachungssensitivität der Indikatorlitzen des Kunstfaserseils. Richtiges Ansprechverhalten und Replizierbarkeit je nach Anforderung sind vorteilhafte Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemässen Kunstfaserseiles. Bekannterweise werden als Tragmittel für Aufzüge dienende Kunstfaserseile mittels in die Seillitzen integrierten Garnen aus Kohlenstofffasern permanent elektrisch überwacht. Vorteilhaft dabei ist, dass die Kunstfaserseile über ihre gesamte Länge inklusive nicht einsehbare Bereiche, wie beispielsweise die Bereiche in den Seilschlössern, überwacht werden. Die Kunstfaserseile detektieren den abrasiven Verschleiss innerhalb des Seiles und detektieren zuverlässig von Aussen einwirkende Beschädigungen und geben dem Aufzugsbenutzer ein höchstes Mass an Sicherheit durch die ständige Verbindung zur Aufzugssteuerung, die im Bedarfsfall schnell und kompromisslos reagieren kann.Depending on the type, field of application and safety requirements of the synthetic fiber rope application, there are increased demands on the monitoring sensitivity of the indicator strands of the synthetic fiber rope. Correct response and replicability depending on the requirements are advantageous properties of the inventive synthetic fiber rope. As is known, synthetic fiber cables serving as lifting means for elevators are permanently electrically monitored by means of yarns of carbon fibers integrated in the cable strands. The advantage here is that the synthetic fiber ropes over its entire length including non-visible areas, such as the areas in the cable locks, are monitored. The synthetic fiber ropes detect the abrasive wear within the rope and reliably detect damage from outside and give the elevator user a maximum of security through the constant connection to the elevator control, which can respond quickly and uncompromisingly when needed.

Die Anforderungen an eine moderne Tragmittelüberwachung sind gegenüber früher gestiegen. Damit das Kunstfaserseil bis an die Versagengrenze herangeführt werden und damit das wirtschaftliche Potenzial der neuartigen Tragmittel stärker ausgeschöpft werden kann, bzw. der Anwender eine nach seinen Bedürfnissen benötigte Sensitivität der Seilablegereifeerkennung einstellen kann, müssen die Litzen mit Indikatorfasern in ihrem Ansprechverhalten noch besser justierbar sein, wobei die Indikatorfasern der Litzen in Abhängigkeit einer zu erreichenden Biegewechselzahl und Restbruchkraft mit einer hohen Wahrscheinlichkeit ihre elektrische Leitfähigkeit verlieren und so einen Kabelverschleiss detektieren.The requirements for a modern suspension element monitoring have increased compared to earlier. So that the synthetic rope must be brought up to the limit of failure and thus the economic potential of the new support means can be used more fully, or the user can set according to his needs sensitivity of the cable Rope detection, the strands with indicator fibers in their response must be even better adjustable, the indicator fibers Depending on the number of bending cycles to be achieved and residual breaking force, the strands lose their electrical conductivity with a high probability and thus detect cable wear.

Eine Indikatorfaser bzw. ein Indikatorgarn kann aus allen Werkstoffen sein, die in irgend einer Form leitfähig sind, wie beispielsweise Fasern mit Lichtleitereigenschaften oder metallisch beschichtete technische Fasern, Kohlenstofffasern, etc., die elektrisch leitfähig sind, wobei die Fasern bei direkter Verschleissberührung früher zerreiben als die tragenden Fasern.An indicator fiber may be any material that is conductive in any form, such as fibers having optical fiber properties, or metallic coated engineering fibers, carbon fibers, etc. that are electrically conductive, with the fibers rubbing sooner on direct wear contact the carrying fibers.

Zur permanenten Überwachung werden die leitfähigen Indikatorfasern am Seilende kontaktiert und an Geräte angeschlossen. Am einen Seilende werden die Indikatorfasern an einen Signalsender angeschlossen und am anderen Seilende werden die Indikatorfasern an einen Signalempfänger angeschlossen. Das Sendesignal wird mittels des Signalempfängers gemessen und aufgrund des gemessenen bzw. des ausbleibenden Signals der Zustand der Indikatorfasern bewertet. EP 0 731 209 A1 zeigt ein Beispiel für eine Indikatorfaserüberwachung mittels elektrischen Signalen.For permanent monitoring, the conductive indicator fibers are contacted at the end of the rope and connected to devices. At one end of the rope the indicator fibers are connected to a signal transmitter and at the other end of the rope, the indicator fibers are connected to a signal receiver. The transmission signal is measured by means of the signal receiver and evaluated on the basis of the measured or the missing signal, the state of the indicator fibers. EP 0 731 209 A1 shows an example of an indicator fiber monitoring by means of electrical signals.

Ein Kunstfaserseil besteht aus mehreren in unterschiedlichen Lagen angeordneten, verseilten Litzen, wobei jede Litze aus verseilten Garnen besteht, wobei ein Garn aus beispielsweise 1000 Kunstfasern besteht. Ein Rohgarn besteht entweder aus unidirektionalen Kunstfasern oder hat zur besseren Verarbeitbarkeit bereits vom Werk aus eine Schutzdrehung von beispielsweise 15 Umdrehungen pro Meter. In der Regel wird "Faser" als längenunabhängiger Oberbegriff für alle textilen Faserstoffe benutzt. "Filament" ist die Bezeichnung für Textilfasern sehr grosser, bzw. praktisch endloser Länge bei der Chemiefaserherstellung. Die Verseilrichtung der Garne in den Litzen ist so vorgesehen, dass die einzelne Faser vorteilhafterweise in der Zugrichtung des Seils bzw. in der Kabellängsachse ausgerichtet ist. Das Kunstfaserseil kann aus Chemiefasern wie beispielsweise Aramidfasern oder artverwandte Fasern, Polyethylenfasern, Polyesterfasern und Glasfasern, etc. aufgebaut sein. Das Kunstfaserseil kann aus einer oder zwei oder drei oder mehr als drei Litzenlagen bestehen. Mindestens eine Litze mindestens einer Litzenlage weist Indikatorfasern bzw. mindestens ein Indikatorgarn auf zur Überwachung der Seillebensdauer.A synthetic fiber rope consists of several stranded strands arranged in different layers, wherein each strand consists of stranded yarns, wherein a yarn consists of, for example, 1000 synthetic fibers. A raw yarn consists either of unidirectional synthetic fibers or has a protective rotation of, for example, 15 revolutions per meter for better processability already at the factory. As a rule "fiber" is used as a length-independent generic term for all textile fibers. "Filament" is the name for textile fibers of very large or practically endless length in the manufacture of man-made fibers. The stranding direction of the yarns in the strands is provided so that the single fiber is advantageously aligned in the pulling direction of the cable or in the cable longitudinal axis. The synthetic fiber rope may be composed of chemical fibers such as aramid fibers or related fibers, polyethylene fibers, polyester fibers and glass fibers, etc. The synthetic fiber rope may consist of one or two or three or more than three strand layers. At least one strand of at least one strand layer has indicator fibers or at least one indicator yarn for monitoring the life of the rope.

Erfindungsgemäss hat der die mit mindestens einem Indikatorgarn versehene Litze umgebende Kunststoff, auch Matrix genannt, eine geringere Abriebfestigkeit als die Matrix der übrigen Litzen.According to the invention, the plastic surrounding the strand provided with at least one indicator yarn, also called matrix, has a lower abrasion resistance than the matrix of the remaining strands.

Beim erfindungsgemässen Kunstfaserseil besteht das Matrixmaterial bzw. das die Litzen umgebende Harz der Litzen mit Indikatorgarnen aus einem weicheren Kunststoff (beispielsweise Shorehärtebereich A) als die Matrixmaterialien (beispielsweise shorehärtebereich D) der benachbarten bzw. übrigen Litzen, wodurch diese Litze gegenüber einer Litze ohne Indikatorgarn eine geringere Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Abrieb aufweist. Alternativ zum weicheren Kunststoff kann das Matrixmaterial mit einem Weichmacher durchsetzt sein. Hierfür können bekannte Weichmacher verwendet werden. Aufgrund des schlechteren Abriebverhaltens der Litzen mit Indikatorgarne wird während der Biegung durch die auftretende Relativbewegung zu den benachbarten Litzen ein frühzeitig einsetzender Verschleiss und somit ein früherer Ausfall der Indikatorgarne in den Litzen provoziert. Die Litze mit Indikatorgarn wirkt als Sollbruchstelle. Die Litze mit Indikatorgarn wird im weiteren Indikatorlitze genannt. Je nach Art und Menge des gewählten Weichmachers kann die Verschleisszunahme gesteuert werden.In the case of the synthetic fiber rope according to the invention, the matrix material or the resin of the strands surrounding the strands with indicator yarns consists of a softer plastic (for example Shore hardness range A) than the matrix materials (for example shorehardness range D) of the adjacent or remaining strands, as a result of which this strand is opposite to a strand without indicator yarn lower resistance to Abrasion has. As an alternative to the softer plastic, the matrix material may be interspersed with a plasticizer. For this purpose, known plasticizers can be used. Due to the poorer abrasion behavior of the strands with indicator yarns, an early onset wear and thus earlier failure of the indicator yarns in the strands is provoked during flexure by the relative movement occurring with the adjacent strands. The strand with indicator yarn acts as a predetermined breaking point. The stranded wire with indicator yarn is referred to below as the indicator strand. Depending on the type and amount of the selected plasticizer, the wear increase can be controlled.

Phthalate und Adipate sind typische Weichmacher, die die Litze weicher, deren Quersteifigkeit geringer und die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Abrieb geringer machen. Durch ein gewähltes Gewichtsverhältnis von 1% bis 30% auf die Matrix der Indikatorlitze kann die Matrix "weicher" gegenüber den Nachbarlitzen ausgeführt werden, wobei bei steigender Weichmachermenge das Abriebverhalten je nach Weichheitsgrad sich verschlechtert.Phthalates and adipates are typical softeners that soften the strand whose transverse stiffness is lower and the resistance to abrasion is reduced. By choosing a weight ratio of 1% to 30% on the matrix of the indicator strand, the matrix can be made "softer" than the neighboring strands, with increasing amount of plasticizer, the abrasion behavior deteriorates depending on the degree of softness.

Weiters kann das mit dem Matrixmaterial der Indikatorlitze identische Matrixmaterial der Nachbarlitze bzw. übrigen Litzen (Litze ohne Indikatorgarn) mit einem Additiv versetzt werden, das die Reibung gegenüber der Indikatorlitze reduziert. Als Additive können beispielsweise Wachse oder kleine Mengen Teflon zugegeben werden. (1 bis 3% Wachs oder 5 bis 15 % Teflonpuder, bezogen auf den Feststoffanteil der Matrix ohne Faseranteil).Furthermore, the matrix material of the adjacent strand or other strands (strand without indicator yarn) which is identical to the matrix material of the indicator strand can be mixed with an additive which reduces the friction with respect to the indicator strand. As additives, for example, waxes or small amounts of Teflon can be added. (1 to 3% wax or 5 to 15% Teflon powder, based on the solids content of the matrix without fiber content).

Weiters kann das mit dem Matrixmaterial der Nachbarlitze identische Matrixmaterial der Indikatorlitze während der Herstellung so behandelt werden, dass die Kunststoffmatrix soweit degradiert bis die Härte und die Verschleissbeständigkeit abnimmt. Dies wird erreicht durch eine Temperaturbehandlung der Indikatorlitze bei einer Temperatur grösser als 230° und einer Behandlungszeit von mehr als 20 s. Temperaturbedingt trennen sich die für die Materialeigenschaften erforderlichen langen Molekülketten soweit, dass beim Abkühlen die Moleküle nicht mehr vollständig rekombinieren. Zur Unterstützung dieses Prozesses können der Litzenmatrix Wassermolekühle zugeführt werden, die eine vollständige Rekombination der Molekülketten verhindert. Ersatzweise sind andere Moleküle denkbar, die die Rekombination beeinträchtigt oder verhindert. Es tritt eine Anfangsdegradation der Matrix auf, die zu einer deutlich geringeren Abriebbeständigkeit führt und damit einen Ausfall des Indikatorgarns provoziert. Der Abriebschutz wird gezielt verschlechtert.Furthermore, this can be done with the matrix material of the neighboring strand identical matrix material of the indicator strand during manufacture are treated so that the plastic matrix degraded until the hardness and the wear resistance decreases. This is achieved by a temperature treatment of the indicator strand at a temperature greater than 230 ° and a treatment time of more than 20 s. Due to the temperature, the long molecular chains required for the material properties separate so much that the molecules no longer completely recombine on cooling. To support this process, the stranded matrix can be fed with water molecules that prevent complete recombination of the molecular chains. Alternatively, other molecules are conceivable that impair or prevent recombination. There is an initial degradation of the matrix, which leads to a significantly lower abrasion resistance and thus provokes a failure of the indicator yarn. The abrasion protection is deliberately deteriorated.

Das Indikatorgarn befindet sich in der Nähe der Litzenoberfläche und macht die Wendelstruktur der Kunstfasern bzw. der Kunstfasergarne mit. Wegen der weicheren Litzenmatrix werden das Indikatorgarn durchgerieben. Damit wird die permanente Überwachung der lasttragenden Litze unterbrochen und als Verschleiss detektiert, bevor die übrigen tragenden Litzen in Mitleidenschaft gezogen wurden. Damit ist gewährleistet, dass die Indikatorlitzen nicht nur aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Bruchdehnung ein unterschiedliches Leistungsvermögen haben, sondern auch durch die unterschiedliche Härte der Matrix sich eine zuverlässige Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit generiert. (Die Bruchdehnung ist die Dehnung bis zum Bruch einer Faser, eines Garns oder einer Litze).The indicator yarn is located in the vicinity of the strand surface and makes the helical structure of the synthetic fibers or synthetic fiber yarns with. Because of the softer stranded matrix, the indicator yarn is rubbed through. Thus, the permanent monitoring of the load-bearing strand is interrupted and detected as wear before the other supporting strands were affected. This ensures that the indicator strands have different performance not only because of the different elongation at break, but also because of the different hardness of the matrix, a reliable failure probability is generated. (The elongation at break is stretching until a fiber, yarn or strand breaks).

Weiters besteht die Möglichkeit die Indikatorlitzen in einem mehrlagigen Kunstfaserseil so zu positionieren, dass die Lastaufnahme gegenüber den benachbarten Litzen höher ist. Beipielsweise nehmen bei einem Kunstfaserseil mit drei Litzenlagen die beiden inneren konzentrischen Litzenlagen einen höheren Lastanteil auf, weil zwar die Schlaglänge gegenüber der äussersten Lage konstant ist, der Schlagwinkel jedoch zum Mittelpunkt des Kunstfaserseils immer kleiner wird. Die Litzen liegen im Seilverbund deutlich steiler, wodurch die Litzen je nach Lage kürzer oder länger sind. Aufgrund der geometrischen Limitierung sind die innersten Litzen die kürzesten und haben demnach den höheren Traganteil. Deshalb empfiehlt es sich, weitere Indikatorgarne in einzelnen Litzen der beiden inneren Litzenlagen anzuordnen. Dabei ist bei einem dreilagigen Seil die mittlere Litzenlage zu bevorzugen, weil diese Lage aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Wickelradien und damit unterschiedlichen Biegegeschwindigkeiten erhöhten Stressbelastungen unterworfen ist.Furthermore, it is possible to position the indicator strands in a multilayer synthetic fiber rope in such a way that the load bearing is higher in relation to the adjacent strands. For example, take the case of a synthetic fiber rope with three strand layers, the two inner concentric Litzenlagen a higher load share, because although the lay length compared to the outermost layer is constant, the impact angle to the center of the synthetic fiber rope is getting smaller. The strands are significantly steeper in the rope network, whereby the strands are shorter or longer depending on the situation. Due to the geometric limitation, the innermost strands are the shortest and therefore have the higher percentage of support. Therefore, it is advisable to arrange further indicator yarns in individual strands of the two inner strand layers. Here, in a three-ply rope, the middle strand layer is to be preferred because this layer is subjected to increased stress due to the different winding radii and thus different bending speeds.

Weiters kann für den Litzenaufbau der Litze ohne Indikatorgarn eine Kunstfaser mit sehr gutem dynamischem Biegewechselvermögen verwendet werden. Für das Indikatorgarn der Indikatorlitze können die Indikatorfasern (beispielsweise Kohlenstofffasern) kombiniert werden mit Kunstfasern, deren dynamisches Biegewechselvermögen dem der übrigen Kunstfasern der indikatorlitze bzw. dem der Kunstfasern der Litze ohne Indikatorgarn unterlegen ist. Die überlegenen Kunstfasern bestehen für die Anwendung von laufenden Tragmitteln auf Basis von Co-Polymeren, beispielsweise Copolyterephthalamid, die unter diesen Bedingungen arbeitenden unterlegenen Fasern können aus Poly-p-phenylenterephthalamid sein. (Das dynamische Biegewechselvermögen ist das Biegewechselvermögen unter sich ändernden Lasten).Furthermore, a synthetic fiber with very good dynamic bending capacity can be used for the strand construction of the strand without indicator yarn. For the indicator yarn of the indicator strand, the indicator fibers (for example, carbon fibers) can be combined with synthetic fibers whose dynamic bending momentum is inferior to that of the other synthetic fibers of the indicator strand or that of the synthetic fibers of the strand without indicator yarn. The superior synthetic fibers exist for the use of current co-polymer based suspending agents, for example copoly-terephthalamide, among these Conditions of working inferior fibers may be poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide. (The dynamic bending capacity is the bending capacity under changing loads).

Weiters können für den Aufbau des Indikatorgarns die Indikatorfasern (beispielsweise Kohlenstofffasern) mit Kunstfasern kombiniert werden, die gegenüber den übrigen Kunstfasern der Indikatorlitze bzw. gegenüber den Kunstfasern der Litze ohne Indikatorgarn einen höheren E-Modul aufweisen. Für die Kunstfasern, die mit den Indikatorgarnen in den Indikatorlitzen kombiniert werden, können beispielsweise Twaronfasern mit einem E-Modul von 100'000 bis 120'000 N/mm2 verwendet werden. Die übrigen Fasern der Nicht-Indikatorlitzen können beispielsweise aus Technorafasern mit 76'000 N/mm2 bestehen.Furthermore, for the construction of the indicator yarn, the indicator fibers (for example carbon fibers) can be combined with synthetic fibers which have a higher modulus of elasticity compared to the other synthetic fibers of the indicator strand or to the synthetic fibers of the strand without indicator yarn. For the synthetic fibers which are combined with the indicator yarns in the indicator strands, for example, Twaron fibers having an E-modulus of 100,000 to 120,000 N / mm 2 can be used. The remaining fibers of the non-indicator strands may for example consist of techno fibers with 76'000 N / mm 2 .

Die oben genannten Massnahmen zur Überwachung der Seillebensdauer können auch kombiniert werden. Beispielsweise kann die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Abrieb durch verändern der Litzenmatrix vorgesehen sein und gleichzeitig das Indikatorgarn aus Indikatorfasern und in der Beanspruchung gegenüber den übrigen Kunstfasern unterlegenen Kunstfasern bestehen.The above measures to monitor the life of the rope can also be combined. For example, the resistance to abrasion by changing the stranded matrix can be provided and at the same time the indicator yarn consist of indicator fibers and synthetic fibers which are inferior in stress to the other synthetic fibers.

Claims (5)

  1. Synthetic fibre rope consisting of braids arranged in at least one braid layer, each braid consisting of twisted yarns and the yarns consisting of synthetic fibres, at least one braid of at least one braid layer having indicator fibres for monitoring the lifetime of the rope, characterized in that at least one indicator yarn consists of the indicator fibres and synthetic fibres, the indicator yarn fibres of the at least one indicator yarn being inferior to the synthetic fibres of the yarns of the braids in terms of withstanding stress in that the flexural fatigue strength of the indicator yarn fibres of the at least one indicator yarn is inferior to the flexural fatigue strength of the synthetic fibres of the yarns of the braids.
  2. Elevator with synthetic fibre rope according to the preceding Claim 1.
  3. Method for monitoring the rope lifetime of a synthetic fibre rope according to Claim 1, characterized in that the braids are permanently monitored by means of the indicator fibres.
  4. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that, for monitoring the indicator fibres, at one end of the rope the indicator fibres are connected to a signal transmitter and at the other end of the rope the indicator fibres are connected to a signal receiver and in that a transmitted signal of the signal transmitter is measured by means of the signal receiver and the state of the indicator fibres is assessed on the basis of the signal that is measured or absent.
  5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the monitoring of the indicator fibres takes place by means of optical or electrical signals.
EP07120987.8A 2006-12-04 2007-11-19 Synthetic fibre rope Active EP1930496B1 (en)

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EP07120987.8A EP1930496B1 (en) 2006-12-04 2007-11-19 Synthetic fibre rope

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DE202011001846U1 (en) 2011-01-24 2012-04-30 Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh Device for detecting the Ablegereife a high-strength fiber rope when used on hoists
DE102013017110A1 (en) * 2013-08-28 2015-03-05 Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh Device for detecting the Ablegereife a high-strength fiber rope when used on hoists
CN103469475A (en) * 2013-08-29 2013-12-25 泰安鲁普耐特塑料有限公司 Polyurethane fiber elastic rope and preparation method thereof
AT516444B1 (en) 2014-11-05 2016-09-15 Teufelberger Fiber Rope Gmbh Rope made of textile fiber material
CN104372521A (en) * 2014-11-26 2015-02-25 泰安鲁普耐特塑料有限公司 Dynamic rope and preparation method thereof
EP3180472B1 (en) 2015-10-21 2018-03-21 Liebherr-Components Biberach GmbH Device for detecting the replacement state of wear of a high-strength fibre cable for hoisting devices
US10808355B2 (en) 2017-04-20 2020-10-20 Teufelberger Fiber Rope Gmbh High-strength fibre rope for hoisting equipment such as cranes

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CA2169431C (en) * 1995-03-06 2005-07-12 Claudio De Angelis Equipment for recognising when synthetic fibre cables are ripe for being discarded
EP1371597B1 (en) * 2001-02-16 2012-11-14 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Main cable of elevator

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