EP1930048A1 - Method and device for regulated feeding of supply air - Google Patents

Abstract

A supply of inert gas is injected at a controlled manner through a feed line system into a permanently inertized room (10) at an initial volume flow rate capable of maintaining a predefined inertization level to remove hazardous substances. A supply of fresh is injected at a controlled manner at a secondary volume flow rate as determined by the required minimum air exchange rate and value of primary volume flow rate at which inert gas is injected. The second flow rate is greater or equal to the difference between minimum added air volume flow rate and the primary volume flow rate. An independent claim is also included for a controlled feeding apparatus for added air into a permanently inertized room.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and a device for the controlled supply of supply air into a permanently inertized space in which a predetermined inerting level is set and to be maintained within a certain control range.

It is known to permanently inert closed spaces, such as IT areas, electrical switch and distribution rooms, enclosed facilities or storage areas, in particular for high-quality assets, to reduce the risk of fire permanently. The prevention effect resulting from such permanent inertization is based on the principle of oxygen displacement. The normal ambient air is known to be about 21 vol .-% of oxygen, about 78 vol .-% of nitrogen and about 1 vol .-% of other gases. In order to be able to effectively reduce the risk of the formation of a fire in a shelter, the so-called "inert gas technology" correspondingly reduces the oxygen concentration in the relevant space by introducing inert gas, for example by introducing nitrogen. With regard to a fire-extinguishing effect, it is known that this starts for most combustible solids when the oxygen content drops below 15% by volume. In particular, depending on the combustible materials present in the shelter, a further lowering of the oxygen content to, for example, 12% by volume may be necessary.

In other words, this means that through a permanent inerting of the shelter on a so-called "basic inertization", in which the oxygen content in the room air is lowered below, for example, 15% by volume, the risk of fire in the shelter can be effectively reduced.

The term "base inertization level" as used herein generally means a reduced oxygen level in the room air of the shelter as compared to the oxygen level of the normal ambient air, but this reduced level of oxygen does not in principle imply any endangerment to persons or animals, so that these , although under certain circumstances with certain precautionary measures, can enter the shelter at least for a short time. As already indicated, setting a base inertization level to an oxygen content of, for example, 13% by volume to 15% by volume serves primarily to reduce the risk of fire in the shelter.

In contrast to the Grundinertisierungsniveau corresponds to the so-called "Vollinertisierungsniveau" such a reduced proportion of oxygen in the room air of the shelter, in which already occurs an effective fire extinguishment. The term "Vollinertisierungsniveau" is thus to be understood as compared to the oxygen content of Grundinertisierungsniveaus further reduced oxygen content, in which the flammability of most materials is already reduced so far that they can not ignite. Depending on the fire load present in the affected shelter, the full inertization level is generally 11% by volume to 12% by volume oxygen concentration. Thus, by continuously inerting the shelter at the full inertization level, not only can the risk of fire formation in the shelter be reduced, but fire extinction itself can be achieved.

On the one hand, it is desirable for permanently inertable spaces that they have a relatively high air-tightness due to their construction, so that the inerting level set or to be set in the room can be maintained with the least possible supply of inert gas. On the other hand, however, it is inevitable that a certain minimum air exchange is also provided for permanently inertable spaces in principle, to allow an exchange of room air. For rooms which are occasionally accessed by persons or in which persons are present for longer periods of time, the minimum air exchange is necessary, on the one hand, for example, the exhaled by the persons carbon dioxide and on the other dissipate the emitted by the persons moisture accordingly. It can be seen that in this example, the minimum required air exchange for the room one in particular of the number and Duration of the people in the room is dependent function, which may in particular also vary over time.

However, a minimum air exchange is to be provided even in rooms, which are generally very rarely or never entered by persons, as is the case for example in storage rooms, archives or cable shafts. The minimum air exchange is hereby particularly necessary in order to dissipate any harmful components of the room air, which arise, for example, by exhalations from the facilities contained in the room.

If the envelope of the relevant room is designed to be virtually airtight, as is generally the case with permanently inertable rooms, an uncontrolled air exchange can no longer take place. In such rooms, it is thus necessary that a technical or mechanical ventilation system is provided for the purpose of minimally required air exchange. The term "technical ventilation" generally means a ventilation system for the extraction of hazardous substances or biological agents in a room. The dimensioning of a technical ventilation system, i. in particular the flow rate, rate of change of air and speed of air, in rooms in which persons are present, depends on the time-weighted average concentration of a substance in the room air at which acute or chronic damage to the person's health is not to be expected. Ventilating the room enables the exchange of air between the exterior and interior. In general, therefore, the minimum required air exchange used to deliver toxic hazardous substances, gases and aerosols to the outside and for the entry of required substances, especially oxygen in rooms where people are. In the following, these toxic hazardous substances to be removed from the ambient air atmosphere with the minimal change of air are also simply referred to as "pollutants".

In large rooms or in rooms in which a large amount of hazardous substances in the indoor air accumulates, a mechanical ventilation is currently used in which the room is ventilated continuously or at predetermined times. Usually this ventilation systems are used, which are designed to supply the operating room fresh air and dissipate spent or polluted air. Depending on the application, there are systems with controlled supply air (so-called "supply air systems"), controlled exhaust air (so-called "exhaust air systems") or combined supply and exhaust air systems.

However, the use of such ventilation systems in permanently inertized rooms has the disadvantage that due to the air exchange caused the permanently inertized space continuously a relatively high inert gas rate must be supplied so that set in the room inerting can be maintained. In order to be able to keep the atmosphere in a permanently inertized space at a basic or Vollinertisierungsniveau in a machine ventilation, thus relatively large amounts of inert gas per unit time are required, which can be generated for example locally with corresponding inert gas generators. Such inert gas generators must be dimensioned correspondingly large, which increases the operating costs for a Dauerinertisierung. Furthermore, these systems for generating inert gas consume relatively much energy. From an economic point of view, therefore, the use of inert gas technology, in which a space at a basic or a full inerting level is permanently inertised to reduce the risk of fires, is associated with relatively high operating costs if a minimally required air exchange has to be taken into account in the permanently inertized room.

Based on the above-described problem, an object of the invention thus is to provide a method and a device which are designed to provide in a most effective and cost effective way a permanently inertized room with supply air, so that on the one hand complied with the prescribed air exchange rate of the room and on the other hand permanently the danger of a fire or an explosion in the room can be effectively suppressed.

This object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned above in that the method comprises the following method steps: with an inert gas source, in particular an inert gas generator and / or an inert gas reservoir, an inert gas, such as a nitrogen-enriched air mixture, provided. Subsequently, the inert gas provided is supplied via a first supply line system in a controlled manner with a first volume flow rate of the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space, wherein the first volume flow rate is adapted to maintain the specified in the indoor atmosphere of dauerinertisierte space inerting and from the indoor atmosphere pollutants, especially toxic or otherwise Hazardous substances, biological agents and / or moisture. Furthermore, fresh air, in particular outside air, is provided in the method according to the invention with a fresh air source, the fresh air then being supplied in a regulated manner at a second volume flow rate to the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space via a second supply line system becomes. According to the invention, the value or the temporal mean value of the second volume flow rate at which the fresh air is supplied to the room air atmosphere, both from a minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space, as well as from the value or the time average of the first volume flow rate, with which the inert gas is supplied to the room air atmosphere dependent.

The term "volume flow rate" or "air exchange rate" as used herein is to be understood in each case as the volume flow or air exchange provided per unit time. In the same way, the term "supply rate" is to be understood as the amount of supply air supplied per unit of time of the room air atmosphere, the term "amount of supply air" being understood to mean the total amount of air or gas supplied to the room air atmosphere. In a permanently inertized room, for example, in which on the one hand per unit time a certain amount of inert gas is tracked to maintain the set inerting, and in which on the other hand (in addition to the inert gas) per unit time and in a regulated manner a certain amount of fresh air is introduced is the Zuluftrate thus the sum of the inert gas and the fresh air rate.

The advantages that can be achieved with the solution according to the invention are obvious: in particular, it is a particularly easy-to-implement, yet effective method for supplying a permanently inertized space with supply air in a particularly cost-effective manner, so that on the one hand the prescribed (minimum) On the other hand, the set in the room inerting level can be maintained, whereby the risk of fire in the room is effectively suppressed.

The term "supply air" as used herein basically means that air or gas composition which is supplied to the permanently inertized space in order to remove unwanted pollutants, in particular toxic or otherwise harmful hazardous substances, biological agents and / or moisture (water vapor) , In particular, supplying the supply air serves to dissipate the toxic hazardous substances, gases and aerosols released over time into the ambient air atmosphere to the outside and thus "purify" the room air accordingly.

Characterized in that the value or the time average of the second volume flow rate at which the fresh air is supplied to the room air atmosphere, depending on the required for the permanently inertized room minimum air exchange rate and in dependence From the value or the time average of the first volume flow rate at which the inert gas is supplied to the room air atmosphere to maintain the predetermined inerting, it is possible to supply the room atmosphere of the permanently inertized space per unit time exactly the amount of supply air actually required is to guarantee the required minimum air exchange. In particular, since the second volume flow rate is advantageously coupled to temporal variations of the required minimum air exchange rate and / or the first volume flow rate, it is also possible to take care of any temporal fluctuations of the minimum necessary air exchange. It is conceivable that the value or the temporal mean value of the second volume flow rate is set correspondingly in dependence on the current minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space and / or in dependence on the current value of the first volume flow rate.

Of course, it is also conceivable, already in the planning phase to be provided first and / or second flow rate at which the inert gas or the fresh air of the room air atmosphere is supplied, depending on the known or possibly to be estimated (or to be calculated) and for the permanently minimized minimum required air exchange rate.

On the other hand, a solution in question, in which only the second volume flow rate at which the fresh air is supplied to the room air atmosphere, in advance, ie in the planning phase, depending on the expected value of the first flow rate and the known or possibly to be estimated (or calculating) and for the permanently inertized room minimum required air exchange rate is determined accordingly.

It should be noted that the term "value of the volume flow rate" used in this specification is to be understood as meaning the (time) mean value of the volume flow provided per unit of time.

The minimal air exchange, ie the air exchange, which is required to remove toxic or otherwise harmful hazardous substances, gases and / or aerosols (hereinafter also referred to as "hazardous substances" or "pollutants") to such an extent from the room air atmosphere, that the Concentration of hazardous substances in the indoor air atmosphere assumes a sufficiently low value at which from a medical point of view no danger to living beings is to be feared, for example in permanently inertized rooms, which are occasionally accessed by persons, in particular by the number of persons and / or the duration of the commission of the room and is in particular no temporally constant value. In permanently inertized rooms, in which goods are stored, which give off over the course of time hazardous substance (exhale), the required minimum air exchange is also dependent on the emission rate of hazardous substances.

On the other hand, according to the solution according to the invention, the value or the temporal mean value of the first volume flow rate at which the inert gas provided by the inert gas source is supplied to the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space via the first supply line system is adjusted such that the oxygen concentration in the permanently inertized room does not exceed a specifiable level. This predeterminable level can correspond (with a certain control range), for example, to the inerting level already set in the permanently inertized space and to be maintained there.

It is essential, however, that with the method according to the invention by the controlled supply of inert gas at the first volume flow rate and by the controlled supply of fresh air at the second flow rate total per unit time of the ambient air atmosphere of dauerinertisierten space an air supply is supplied, which is designed on the one hand the maintained in inertized space given inerting, and on the other hand, the required minimum air exchange rate is maintained. The fact that the air supplied to the room air supply air is formed by a certain proportion of fresh air and a portion of inert gas, even in permanently inertized rooms in a particularly cost-effective manner, the required air exchange care be taken.

In this context, it should be noted that the term "inert gas" as used herein is to be understood as meaning, in particular, oxygen-reduced air. Such oxygen-reduced air may be, for example, nitrogen-enriched air.

For example, in permanently inertized rooms which are occasionally occupied by persons and in which - with the exception of the carbon dioxide exhaled by the persons or with the exception of the humidity caused by the occupants' presence in the room - ideally no other toxic hazardous substances, in particular or evaporation of volatile substances, thus depends on the space to be supplied per unit time supply air, ie the Zuluftrate, which with the The method according to the invention is controlled by the value or the time average of the second volume flow rate and by the value or the time average of the first volume flow rate, on the one hand by the carbon dioxide content or moisture content and on the other hand by the reduced oxygen concentration of the ambient air atmosphere.

Thus, in this (idealized) example, the minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized room will be zero when there are no persons in the permanently inertized room, and therefore no components to be evacuated (carbon dioxide, moisture) will be generated in the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized room become.

According to the proposed solution, the value of the second volumetric flow rate at which fresh air is supplied to the room air atmosphere is then set to zero, while the value of the first volumetric flow rate at which the inert gas is supplied to the ambient air atmosphere assumes a value which is sufficient to reach the room air atmosphere to maintain the predetermined inerting level.

However, if the room is entered by one or more persons and consequently (after a certain time) the carbon dioxide or moisture content in the room air atmosphere exceeds a predetermined critical value, a minimum air change is required to the carbon dioxide or moisture content of the indoor air atmosphere a non-toxic or harmless value or to set to a non-toxic or harmless value. At the same time, the value of the first volume flow rate at which the inert gas is supplied to the room air atmosphere must in principle assume a value which is sufficient to maintain the predetermined inerting level in the room air atmosphere.

However, when determining the value of the second volume flow rate, not only the proportion of hazardous substances or pollutants to be removed from the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space, but also the value of the first volume flow rate with which the inert gas is supplied to the room air atmosphere are taken into account Inert gas supply provides a certain contribution to the minimum air exchange required, according to the solution according to the invention the room air atmosphere of dauerinertisierten space basically only as much fresh air supplied, as it is just required to from the indoor air atmosphere the pollutant content dissipate, which has not already been discharged by supplying the inert gas, for example via a corresponding exhaust-discharge system.

So it is conceivable, for example, that in a case when the minimum required air exchange is sufficiently small, the inert gas supplied to the room air atmosphere per unit time already sufficient for the required air exchange, so that no fresh air has to be supplied. In other words, this means that in this case sufficient care is already taken by supplying the inert gas with the first volume flow rate to the minimum required air exchange.

With regard to the device, the object underlying the invention is achieved in that the device comprises: an inert gas source, in particular an inert gas generator and / or an inert gas reservoir for providing an inert gas; a fresh air source for providing fresh air, especially outside air; a first supply line system connectable to the inert gas source for controllably supplying the provided inert gas into the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized room at a first volume flow rate which is capable of maintaining the predetermined inertization level and sufficiently pollutants from the room air atmosphere, in particular toxic or other hazardous materials, biological agents and / dissipate moisture; and a second supply conduit system connectable to the fresh air source for controllably supplying the provided fresh air into the ambient air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space at a second volume flow rate. It is provided according to the invention that the value of the second volume flow rate at which the fresh air is supplied depends both on a minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space and on the value of the first volume flow rate with which the inert gas is supplied.

In the specified device is a plant implementation for carrying out the already discussed method for the controlled supply of supply air in a permanently inertized room. It requires no further detail that the advantages and features mentioned above in connection with the method according to the invention can be achieved in an analogous manner with the device according to the invention.

Advantageous further developments are given with regard to the method in claims 2 to 13 and with regard to the device in claims 15 to 27.

In a particularly preferred further development of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the concentration of pollutants in the ambient air atmosphere is measured at one or more locations in permanently inertized space with one or more sensors, preferably continuously or at predetermined times or events. In a particularly advantageous implementation, an aspiratively operating pollutant measuring device with at least one and preferably a plurality of pollutant sensors operating in parallel is preferably used, wherein the pollutant concentration measured continuously or at predetermined times or events is forwarded as a measured value to at least one control unit.

The at least one control unit may be designed to regulate the value of the first volume flow rate at which the inert gas is supplied into the ambient air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space as a function of the inerting level to be maintained in the permanently inertized space. Alternatively or additionally, however, it is also conceivable that the control unit is designed to use the value of the first volume flow rate at which the inert gas is supplied depending on the minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space and / or the value of the first volume flow rate the inert gas is supplied to regulate.

It is conceivable that with the control unit, the value of the second volume flow rate in response to the current required for the permanently inertized space minimum air exchange rate and / or depending on the current value of the first flow rate is controlled accordingly.

Of course, it is also conceivable that even in the planning phase in particular the second volume flow rate to be supplied, with which the fresh air of the room air atmosphere is supplied, depending on the known or possibly to be estimated minimum required air exchange rate of dauerinertisierten space and / or in dependence on the tightness of Space envelope of the room or the associated n ₅₀ value is determined in advance.

The advantage of several pollutant sensors operating in parallel for detecting the pollutant concentration in a room air atmosphere can be seen in particular in the reliability of the pollutant measuring device. The fact that the control unit is preferably supplied with the measured pollutant concentration continuously or at predetermined times or events makes it possible for the control unit to operate in an advantageous manner Simultaneously with the measurement of the pollutant concentration for the permanently inertized room to determine or update the required minimum air exchange.

Since the system according to the invention thus knows the minimum air exchange rate to be observed for the room, it is possible that the value of the second volume flow rate at which the fresh air is supplied to the room air atmosphere is preferably continuously adjusted to the minimum required air exchange rate of the permanently inertized room. As already stated above, the value of the supply rate (ie the amount of supply air supplied to the permanently inertized space) is composed of the value of the first volume flow rate and the value of the second volume flow rate (ie, the amount of inert gas supplied per unit time of the room air atmosphere) the fresh air supplied per unit time of the room air atmosphere). In this case, the minimum required feed rate is the amount of supply air to be supplied per unit time of the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized room, which is just suitable for removing pollutants, etc., from the room air atmosphere to such an extent that the concentration of the pollutants in the room air atmosphere just assumes a value is harmless with regard to persons or goods stored in permanently inertised space.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention, it is further provided that in permanently inertized space, the concentration of oxygen in the ambient air atmosphere is measured at one or more locations preferably continuously or at predetermined times or events. It would be conceivable here to provide preferably an aspirative oxygen measuring device with at least one and preferably a plurality of oxygen sensors operating in parallel, in order to be able to measure the oxygen concentration in the ambient air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space continuously or at predetermined times or events and forward the measured values to the control unit.

The use of several oxygen sensors operating in parallel is preferred in view of the reliability of the oxygen measuring device. By virtue of the fact that the control unit is aware of the current oxygen concentration in the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space, this can regulate the value of the first volume flow rate with which the inert gas is supplied to the room air atmosphere to a value which is suitable for the value specified in the permanently inertized space Inerting level (possibly within a certain range of rules). Thus, the system according to the invention ensures adequate fire protection and - if the oxygen concentration corresponding to the given inerting level in the ambient air atmosphere is sufficient is low - also an explosion protection, although with regard to the indoor air atmosphere of dauerinertisierte space a regulated air exchange takes place.

Since, according to the invention, the value of the second volume flow rate at which fresh air is supplied to the room air atmosphere is taken into account in the supply rate to be supplied to the room, and also the value of the first volume flow rate with which inert gas is supplied to the room air atmosphere is considered In principle, only as much supply air is supplied per unit time of the room air atmosphere, which is actually required to take care of the minimum air exchange. For this purpose, the value of the second volume flow rate is ideally set to a value which is the difference between a minimum required supply air volume flow rate or supply rate for maintaining the required for the permanently inertized space minimum air exchange rate and / or the value of the first flow rate to maintain the predetermined Inerting levels. Of course, it is also conceivable that the value of the second volume flow rate is deliberately chosen slightly larger in order to guarantee additional security with regard to the minimum required air exchange.

The aforementioned minimum required supply air volume flow rate or supply rate, which is at least required to maintain the minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space, can be achieved in the inventive solution by means of the at least one control unit as a function of the measured values of the concentration of pollutants in the ambient air atmosphere of permanently inertized space. For this purpose, it would be conceivable that a corresponding look-up table is provided in the control unit, with which a relationship between the measured pollutant concentration and the minimum required supply air flow rate is given. In order to adapt the system as flexibly as possible to any pollutant concentrations in the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized room, it is preferably provided that the minimum required supply air flow rate is determined continuously or at predetermined times or events in the control unit.

On the other hand, it is also conceivable that the second volume flow rate to be provided, with which the fresh air is supplied to the room air atmosphere, is determined in advance, in particular in the planning phase of the apparatus, depending on the known or possibly to be estimated minimum required air exchange rate. wherein in this determination, preferably, the tightness of the space envelope of dauerinertisierten space or the n ₅₀ value of the room is taken into account.

Overall, the control unit is preferably designed to increase the required for the permanently inertized space minimum air exchange rate with increasing concentration of pollutants in the indoor air atmosphere and lower accordingly with decreasing concentration of pollutants.

On the other hand, the control unit should be designed to set the value of the second volume flow rate depending on the minimum air exchange rate and depending on the value of the first volume flow rate, preferably by driving a valve provided in the second supply line system such that the value of the second volume flow rate is greater than or is the same as the difference between the minimum required supply air flow rate to maintain the minimum air exchange required for the permanently inertized space and the first flow rate to maintain the predetermined inertization level in the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space.

Of course, it would also be conceivable that the control unit is designed, depending on the minimum air exchange rate and depending on the optionally already in the planning phase of the device set value of the second flow rate, preferably by driving a valve provided in the first supply line valve, the value of to set the first volumetric flow rate such that the value of the first volumetric flow rate is greater than or equal to the difference between the minimum required supply volumetric flow rate for maintaining the minimum air exchange required for the permanently inertized space and the predetermined second volumetric flow rate, of course not disregarded may be that the first volume flow rate should in principle assume a value that is necessary for maintaining the specified in the indoor air atmosphere of dauerinertisierte space inerting ch is.

In order to detect the values of the first and second volume flow rate determined by the control unit for maintaining the inertization level set in the permanently inertized space or for maintaining the required minimum air exchange rate, it is provided in one preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention that at one or more locations in the first and second flow rates At least one sensor is provided to the second supply line system in each case, to the first or second flow rate preferably continuously or at predetermined times or events to measure and supply the measurement results of the control unit.

As a fresh air source, for example, a system in question, with which "normal" outside air is sucked in, so that in this case the fresh air provided by the fresh air source fresh air is outside air.

In a particularly preferred further development of the device according to the invention, it is provided that this further comprises an exhaust air discharge device which is designed to discharge exhaust air in a controlled manner from the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space. This exhaust air removal device may for example be a ventilation system based on the principle of positive pressure ventilation, wherein by supplying supply air, a certain overpressure in the permanently inertized space is generated, so that due to the pressure difference, a part of the room air through a corresponding exhaust pipe system from the permanently inertized space is dissipated. Of course, it would also be conceivable that the exhaust air removal device has fans, etc., with which the discharged air is actively sucked.

In the last-mentioned embodiment, in which the device for the regulated supply of supply air into the permanently inertized space further comprises an exhaust air discharge device, it is particularly preferred that this additionally has an air treatment device in order to treat the exhaust air discharged from the room with the exhaust air discharge device and / or to filter, and then the inert gas source at least a portion of the treated or filtered exhaust air to be re-supplied as inert gas to be provided. In this case, the air treatment device should be designed so as to filter out the toxic or harmful hazardous substances, gases and aerosols which may be present in the discharged exhaust air, so that the filtered exhaust air is directly suitable again as an inert gas.

However, it would also be conceivable for the last-mentioned embodiment that the air treatment device has a molecular separation system, in particular a hollow-fiber membrane system, a molecular sieve system and / or an activated carbon adsorption system, so that the exhaust air discharged from the space can be filtered in a molecular manner.

In a case where the inert gas source used is an inert gas generator having a membrane system and / or an activated carbon adsorption system and the inert gas generator a compressed air mixture is supplied, wherein the inert gas generator emits a nitrogen-enriched air mixture, it would also be conceivable that the inert gas supplied to the air mixture at least partially has the filtered exhaust air.

With regard to the exhaust air discharge device is provided in a particularly preferred implementation that this at least one controllable exhaust damper, in particular a mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically actuated exhaust damper, which is controlled such that the exhaust air are discharged from the dauerinertisierten space in a controlled manner can. It would be conceivable to design the exhaust damper as a fire damper.

Specifically, in the aforementioned preferred further development of the device according to the invention, which has the exhaust air discharge device and the air treatment device, it is preferably provided that the proportion of oxygen in the portion of the filtered exhaust air supplied as inert gas of the inert gas source is at most 5% by volume to provide a particularly economical device.

With regard to the level which can be specified in the permanently inertized space, it is provided in detail that this is below the oxygen content of the outside air and above the predetermined inerting level to be maintained in the permanently inertized space.

Finally, from an economic point of view, it is particularly preferred that in the abovementioned developments of the device according to the invention, in which an inert gas source and a fresh air source is provided, the oxygen content in the inert gas provided by the inert gas source is 2 to 5% by volume, and that the oxygen content in the fresh air provided by the fresh air source is about 21 vol .-%. Of course, other values come into question here as well.

With regard to the method according to the invention, it is provided in a preferred further development that this further comprises the method step of generating inert gas. Thus, it is possible that on site the inert gas, which is possibly to be added to the supply of permanently inertized supply air, can be generated with appropriate facilities.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the method comprises the further method step of the controlled removal of exhaust air from the permanently inertized space with a corresponding exhaust air discharge device, and the further method step of filtering the discharged with the exhaust-discharge device from the exhaust air, wherein at least a portion of the filtered exhaust air is provided as an inert gas.

Finally, it would also be conceivable that the oxygen content in the room air of the permanently inertized space is preferably measured continuously or at predetermined times or events, the method step of regulating the inert gas volume flow rate provided by the inert gas source or the method step of regulating the fresh air source provided fresh air flow rate as a function of the measured oxygen content takes place.

In the following preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1

eine erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum geregelten Zuführen von Zuluft in einen dauerinertisierten Raum;

Fig. 2

eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum geregelten Zuführen von Zuluft;

Fig. 3:

eine dritte bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum geregelten Zuführen von Zuluft; und

Fig. 4a, b

jeweils eine zeitliche Auftragung der Ansteuerung der Ventile zum geregelten Zuführen von Inertgas und Zuluft bei einer Realisierung der bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a first preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention for the controlled supply of supply air in a permanently inertized space;

Fig. 2

a second preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention for the controlled supply of supply air;

3:

a third preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention for the controlled supply of supply air; and

Fig. 4a, b

in each case a time plot of the control of the valves for the controlled supply of inert gas and supply air in an implementation of the preferred embodiments of the invention.

In Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a first preferred embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention for the controlled supply of supply air in a permanently inertized space 10 is shown. As shown, the device 1 for the regulated supply of supply air in the permanently inertized space 10, the function of a supply air control device, which is essentially a control unit 2, a fresh air source 5 for providing fresh air (in this case, outdoor air) and an inert gas source 3 for Providing an inert gas, such as nitrogen-enriched air.

Furthermore belong to the device 1 according to the invention Fig. 1 Both supply line systems 11, 12 connect the inert gas source 3 and the fresh air source 5 with an outlet nozzle system provided in the permanently inertized space 10 13th

In all the embodiments described here, the outlet nozzle system 13 is designed as a nozzle system that is used in common for the supply of inert gas and fresh air; Of course, it would also be conceivable to provide separate nozzle systems for this purpose.

In each of the first and second supply line systems 11 and 12, a valve V11 and V12 controllable by the control unit 2 are provided. In detail, the valve V11 provided in the first supply line system 11 is designed such that it can be controlled by the control unit 2 in order to feed the inert gas provided with the inert gas source 3 in a controlled manner at a first volume flow rate V _{N2 to} the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10. On the other hand, the valve V12 provided in the second supply line system 12 is designed such that it can be controlled by the control unit 2 to supply the fresh air (here outside air) provided with the fresh air source 3 in a regulated manner with a second volume flow rate V _{L of} the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized room 10 supply.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is provided with respect to the valves V11 and V12 that they are designed as shut-off valves, which can be switched between an open a closed state. In Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b are each shown in a time plot, as in this realization, the valve V11 and the valve V12 are opened or closed by control of the control unit 2. It can be seen here that the fresh air and the inert gas are emitted in a pulsed manner from the inert gas source 3 and the fresh air source 5, respectively. In particular, it can be seen that the value of the first volume flow rate V _N2 , with which the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10, the fresh air is supplied, or the value of the second volume flow rate V _L , with which the indoor air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10, the inert gas is supplied, each time averages.

The control of the valve V11 provided in the first supply line system 11 takes place in particular with regard to the oxygen concentration (or with respect to the inert gas concentration) in the atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10. For this purpose, the valve V11 is set such that the first volume flow rate V supplied to the space 10 _N2 assumes a value which is preferably just sufficient to maintain the predetermined inerting level (optionally with a specific control range) set in the ambient air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10.

In order to achieve that the first volume flow rate V _{N2 can} be adjusted with the device 1 according to the invention so that the inerting level set in the permanently inertized space 10 can be kept as accurate as possible or that a predefined inerting level can be set as precisely as possible in the space 10, the preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention according to Fig. 1 Furthermore, an oxygen measuring device 7 'with at least one and preferably a plurality of parallel operating oxygen sensors 7 to continuously or at predetermined times or events to measure the oxygen concentration in the ambient air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10, and to forward the measured values to the control unit 2. Although in Fig. 1 not explicitly shown, the oxygen measuring device 7 'is particularly preferably an aspirative operating system.

On the other hand, the control of the provided in the second supply line 12 valve valve V12 in response to the required for the permanently inertized space 10 minimum Zuluftrate, ie the Zuluftrate that is currently required to ensure the required minimum air change for the room 10. As already stated above, the minimum supply rate, ie the amount of supply air to be supplied to the permanently inertized space 10, is composed of the first volume flow rate V _N2 and the second volume flow rate V _L (ie, the amount of inert gas and fresh air supplied per unit time of the room air atmosphere ). In particular, the minimum required Zuluftrate is the Zuluftrate, which is just suitable to dissipate from the indoor air atmosphere pollutants, etc. to an extent that the concentration of pollutants in the indoor air atmosphere assumes a value, with respect to people or in permanently inertized space 10 stored goods is harmless.

Since according to the invention for the value of the supply rate to be supplied to the space 10 to ensure the minimum required air exchange, both the second volume flow rate V _L , with which the ambient air atmosphere fresh air and outside air is supplied, as well as the first volume flow rate V _N2 , with which the room air atmosphere Inert gas is taken into account, is provided in the preferred embodiments of the invention that the provided in the second supply line 12 valve V12 is controlled by the control unit 2 such that the second volume flow rate V _{L takes} a value or time average, which allows in that in principle only as much supply air is supplied to the space 10, which is actually required in order to guarantee the minimum air exchange. For this purpose, the second volume flow rate V _L in an ideal manner by a corresponding control of the valve V12 to a value of the difference between the minimum required supply air flow rate or Zuluftrate required to maintain the required for the permanently inertized space 10 minimum air exchange rate and the first flow rate V _N2 to maintain the given inerting level corresponds. However, in order to guarantee additional security with regard to the minimum required air exchange, it is also conceivable that the second volume flow rate V _{L is} intentionally chosen slightly larger.

Thus, the valves V11 and V12 are controlled such that for the first volume flow rate V _N2 and the second volume flow rate V _L with respect to the minimum required supply air volume flow rate or supply rate V _F the following relationship applies: $${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{+}{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{L}}\mathrm{\ge }{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{F}}$$

The minimum required supply air volume flow rate V _F can be determined by continuously measuring the pollutant concentration in the ambient air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10, for example with a pollutant measuring device 6 'which has at least one and preferably a plurality of pollutant sensors operating in parallel and the measured values are forwarded to the control unit 2. Like the oxygen measuring device 7 ', it is preferred that the pollutant measuring device 6' is designed as an aspiratively operating system.

It would be conceivable that subsequently in the control unit 2, as a function of the measured pollutant concentration, the minimum required supply air volume flow rate V _F corresponding to a table stored in the control unit 2 is determined preferably continuously or at predetermined times or events. In this table, a relationship between the measured pollutant concentration and the minimum required supply air flow rate V _{F should be} specified. These Relationship may (but need not) be adapted to the characteristics of the room 10 in question, so that, for example, the volume of space, the use of space and other parameters may be taken into account.

Of course, it would also be conceivable for a minimum air exchange rate to be maintained to be maintained via a supply air adjustment signal entered into the control unit 2, this predetermined value being used to calculate the second volume flow rate.

Finally, it is also conceivable for the control unit 2 to be designed as a function of the minimum air exchange rate or the minimum required supply air volume flow rate V _F and depending on the value of the second volume flow rate V _L , optionally already set in the planning phase of the device by controlling the valve V11 provided in the first supply line system 11, to set the value or time average of the first volume flow rate V _N2 such that the value or time average of the first volume flow rate V _{N2 is} greater than or equal to the difference between the minimum required Supply air volume flow rate V _F for maintaining the minimum air change required for the permanently inertized space and the predetermined second flow rate V _L is, of course, here can not be disregarded that the first flow rate V _{N2 in} principle a value or should take a time average, which is required to maintain the given in the indoor atmosphere of the permanently inertized room inerting.

In principle, however, the value of the second volume flow rate V _L depends on the value of the first volume flow rate V _N2 . Accordingly, it is preferred that in particular continuously or at predetermined times or events with the aid of a suitable volume flow sensor S11 at one or more points in the first supply line system 11, the first volume flow rate V _N2 measured and the measurement results of the control unit 2 are supplied. Of course, it would also be conceivable to determine the first volume flow rate V _N2 as a function of the control signal which is applied by the control unit 2 to the volume flow regulator V11 provided in the first supply line system 11.

On the other hand, it is preferable for at least one sensor S12 to be provided at one or more locations in the second supply line system 12 in order to measure the value of the second volume flow rate V _L , preferably continuously or to a predetermined value Times or events, and to supply the measurement results of the control unit 2.

As already indicated, it is conceivable in principle that, instead of the measured values provided with the pollutant measuring device 6 ', a corresponding supply air setting signal is input to the control unit 2, this supply air setting signal determining the minimum air exchange rate to be maintained for the permanently inertized space 10. Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable that the supply air adjustment signal has information as to what value the first volume flow rate V _N2 must have, so that the inerting level set in the permanently inertized space 10 (possibly with a certain control range) are maintained by continuously feeding inert gas can. In this case, the oxygen measuring device 7 'would not be required.

The fresh air source 5 is in the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment with the control unit 2 controlled or controllable compressor, which is designed to suck "normal" outside air, and 12 depending on the control via the control unit 2 the second supply line 12 fresh air with a corresponding fresh air flow rate V _L provides.

The inert gas source 3 is in Fig. 1 as an inert gas generator system which is composed of a compressor 3a "and a molecular separation system 3a 'controlled by the control unit 2, in particular a membrane system or activated carbon adsorption system With the compressor 3a" according to the first preferred embodiment "normal "Outside air compressed and then ßend the Molekülseparationssystem 3a 'supplied. By correspondingly controlling the volume flow rate of the compressed air discharged from the compressor 3a "to the molecular separation system 3a 'with the control unit 2, it is possible to appropriately adjust the inert gas flow rate V _N2 provided to the first supply piping 11 by the inert gas source 3 However, this can also be done by a corresponding control of the provided in the first supply line 11 volume flow controller V11.

Alternatively, or in addition to the inert gas generator system 3a ', 3a ", it would also be conceivable that the inert gas source 3 has an inert gas reservoir 3b, as in Fig. 1 indicated by dashed lines. This inert gas reservoir 3b can be designed, for example, in the form of a gas cylinder battery. The of the Inertgasreservoir 3b the Inert gas volume flow rate V _N2 should be adjustable via the controllable by the control unit 2 control valve V11.

According to the invention, the value or the time average of the amount of supply air supplied to the permanently inertized space 10 per unit time is set so that on the one hand the pollutants present in the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10 can be dissipated in a sufficient manner, and on the other hand that in the permanently inertized space 10 set inerting level can be maintained. In particular, according to the solution according to the invention when determining the value or the time average of the second volume flow rate V _N2, however, not only the proportion of pollutants to be removed from the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10, but also the value or the time average of the first volume flow rate V _N2 , with which the inert gas is supplied to the room air atmosphere, taken into account that the first volume flow rate V _N2 provides a certain contribution to the minimum required air exchange, so that the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized room 10 basically only as much fresh air is supplied, as is currently required in order to remove the pollutant component from the room air atmosphere which has not already been removed by supplying the inert gas via a corresponding exhaust air removal system 4.

In the in Fig. 1 In this context, an exhaust air discharge device 4 in the form of an exhaust air flap, in which exhaust air is removed from the permanently inertized space 10, is also provided in the permanently inertized space 10. In the illustrated preferred embodiment, the exhaust air discharge device 6 is a passively operating system which functions according to the overpressure principle. For this purpose, the exhaust air flap of the exhaust air discharge device 4 is designed as a check valve flap.

In summary, it should be noted that it is possible with the solution according to the invention that the ambient air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10 basically only as much fresh air or outside air is supplied, as is currently required to take care of the required minimum air exchange. If, for example, a fresh air input of 1000 m ³ / day is required for the permanently inertized space 10 as the minimum required air exchange, then it would be conceivable in the space 10 per day for example 700 m ³ outside air and 300 m ³ nitrogen-enriched air or to introduce oxygen-reduced air. As oxygen-reduced air, for example Air with a nitrogen content of 90 to 95 vol .-% used. The proportion of oxygen-reduced air is calculated on the basis of the residual oxygen concentration of the oxygen-reduced air, the basic inerting level to be set in the room, the volume of the room and the tightness of the room.

In Fig. 2 is a preferred evolution of in Fig. 1 shown first embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention. In the Fig. 2 shown second embodiment differs from the first embodiment according to Fig. 1 The fact that the discharged with the exhaust-discharge device 4 from the permanently inertized space 10 exhaust air is not completely discharged to the outside atmosphere, but at least partially passed through a filter system 15 and then the first supply line 11 via the provided in the first supply line 11 controllable valve V11 again is supplied.

In this "inert gas feedback" is thus a part of the exhaust air, which is discharged during the regulated air exchange with the exhaust air removal system 4 from the permanently inertized chamber 10, cleaned accordingly in the filter system 15 and then fed again to the permanently inertized space 10 as an inert gas.

In the case of the exhaust air purification effected with the filter system 15, the toxic or harmful hazardous substances to be removed from the permanently inertized space 10 are to be separated from the exhaust air, so that the thus cleaned exhaust air can then be returned to the space 10 directly in an ideal manner , Since this purified exhaust air has an oxygen content which is identical to the oxygen content in the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10, in a case where the inert gas feedback is lossless and thus must be regarded as an overall closed feedback loop, and if the permanently inertized space 10 has a completely gas-tight space envelope, from the inert gas source 3 no additional inert gas and the fresh air source 5 no additional fresh air to the cleaned exhaust air are mixed to take care on the one hand the required minimum air exchange and on the other hand to keep the set in the permanently inertized space 10 inerting.

However, in practice it can often not be assumed that a lossless inert gas feedback loop or a completely gastight envelope is used, so that the same is true in the second preferred embodiment of the invention as described in US Pat Fig. 2 is shown, a fresh air source 5 and an inert gas source 3 is provided are each controlled by the control unit 2, and their associated gas flow rates V _N2 , V _L each set either by an effected with the control unit 2 direct control, or by an effected with the control unit 2 control of the corresponding valves V11 and V12 become.

As in Fig. 2 a three-way valve V4 controllable by the control unit 2 is provided in the inert gas feedback loop, via which the proportion of exhaust air discharged from the permanently inertized space 10 is adjusted, which is to be supplied to the filter system 15 of the inert gas feedback loop, and which is finally reintroduced into the room 10 as purified supply air.

As already indicated, the filter system 15 provided in the inert gas feedback loop must be designed to separate the toxic contaminant contained in the portion of the exhaust air fed into the inert gas feedback loop from the exhaust air. For this purpose, in particular, an air treatment device 15, which has a Molekülseparationssystem 15 ', in particular a hollow fiber membrane system and / or an activated carbon adsorption system. In this case, the air treatment device 15 is further equipped with a compressor 15 "which compresses the portion of the exhaust air fed into the inert gas feedback loop and subsequently supplies it to the molecular separation system 15 '.

In the molecular separation system 15 ', the compressed exhaust air is split in molecular terms so that the toxic or harmful components (pollutants) of the exhaust air discharged from the permanently inertized space 10 are separated from the exhaust air and discharged to the outside via a first outlet. On the other hand, according to Fig. 2 a second outlet of the molecule separation system 15 'can be connected to the first supply line system 11 via the valve V11, so that the purified exhaust air can be at least partially supplied to the first supply line system 11 as an inert gas.

In other words, this means that in the further development according to Fig. 2 with the inert gas feedback and the air treatment device 15, an inert gas exchanger is provided. In order to control the feedback inert gas is preferably provided that the control unit 2, the control valve V4 at the input of the generator 15 "and / or the generator 15" can control itself.

In Fig. 3 a preferred development of the second embodiment is shown. It is provided that - as well as in the first and second embodiment according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 an inert gas generator 3a with a molecular separation system 3a 'is provided as the inert gas source, in particular with a hollow fiber membrane system or an activated carbon adsorption system, wherein a compressed air mixture is supplied to the inert gas generator 3a and the inert gas generator 3a emits a nitrogen-enriched air mixture, and wherein the Inertgasgenerator 3 a discharged and enriched with nitrogen air mixture is fed in a controlled manner to the first supply line system 11 and the permanently inertized space 10 as an inert gas.

Furthermore, at the in Fig. 3 embodiment shown, an exhaust-removal device 4 is provided, which is designed in a controlled manner, preferably based on the overpressure principle, exhaust air from the dauerinertisierten space 10 dissipate and run the exhausted air at least partially by an air treatment device 15 to this part of the Extract air discharge device 4 to filter out of the room 10 exhaust air. At least part of the filtered exhaust air is then fed to the compressor 3a "of the inert gas source 3.

In contrast to the second embodiment according to Fig. 2 must in accordance with the third embodiment Fig. 3 the provided in the inert gas or exhaust air feedback loop air treatment device 15 does not have a in Fig. 2 with the reference numeral 15 "designated compressor and with a in Fig. 2 be designated by the reference numeral 15 'molecular separation system to separate via a suitable gas separation process contained in the proportion of discharged from the permanently inertized space 10 and fed into the inert gas or exhaust air feedback loop toxic or harmful pollutants from the exhaust air.

This treatment of the exhaust air takes place at the in Fig. 3 In fact, the exhaust air fed into the inert gas generator 3a ', 3a "already has an oxygen content which is essentially identical to the oxygen content of the inert gas source 3 formed as an inert gas generator 3a', 3a" Ambient air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space 10, the molecular separation system 3a 'of the inert gas source 3 is primarily the task of separating the optionally still present in the exhaust air (in particular gaseous) components of the toxic or harmful pollutants, if they are not already in the air treatment device 15th were removed from the exhaust air.

It should be noted that the embodiment of the invention does not apply to the in the FIGS. 1 to 3 described embodiments is limited, but also in a variety of variants is possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Device for the controlled supply of supply air

2

control unit

3

inert gas

3a '

Molecular separation system of the inert gas source

3a "

Compressor of the inert gas source

3b

inert gas reservoir

4

Exhaust Removal System

5

Fresh air source

6

pollutant sensor

6 '

Pollutant measuring device

7

oxygen sensor

7 '

Oxygen measuring device

10

permanently inertized room

11

first supply line system

12

second supply line system

13

Supply air outlet nozzle

V4

controllable valve in exhaust air feedback

V11

controllable valve in the first supply line system

V12

controllable valve in the second supply line system

S11

Volume flow sensor in the first supply line system

S12

Volume flow sensors in the second supply line system

V _F

Supply air volume flow rate

V _L

Fresh air volume flow rate

V _N2

Inert gas flow rate

Claims (27)

Method for the controlled supply of supply air into a permanently inertized space (10), in which a predetermined level of inerting is set and kept within a certain control range, the method comprising the following method steps: a) providing an inert gas with an inert gas source (3), in particular an inert gas generator (3a) and / or an inert gas reservoir (3b); b) controlled feeding of the supplied inert gas via a first supply line system (11) into the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space (10) at a first volume flow rate (V _N2 ), which is suitable to maintain the predetermined inerting and around the room air atmosphere pollutants in particular to dissipate toxic or other hazardous substances, biological agents and / or moisture; c) providing fresh air, in particular outside air, with a fresh air source (5); and d) controlled supply of the provided fresh air via a second supply line system (12) into the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space (10) at a second volume flow rate (V _L ), wherein the value of the second volume flow rate (V _L ) at which the fresh air is supplied to the room air atmosphere both from a minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space (10) and from the value of first volume flow rate (V _N2 ), with which the inert gas is supplied dependent. The method of claim 1, wherein the second volumetric flow rate (V _L ) is greater than or equal to the difference between a minimum required supply volumetric flow rate (V _F ) to maintain the minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space (10) and the value of the first volumetric flow rate (V _N2 ) for maintaining the predetermined inerting level in the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space (10). The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of pollutants in the ambient air atmosphere at one or more locations in the permanently inertized space (10) with one or more sensors (6), preferably continuously or at predetermined times or events, is measured. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the concentration of oxygen in the room air atmosphere at one or more locations in the permanently inertized space (10) with one or more sensors (7), preferably continuously or at predetermined times or events, is measured. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the measured values of the concentration of pollutants and / or oxygen are forwarded to at least one control unit (2). Method according to claim 5, wherein the minimum rate of change of air required for the permanently inertized space (10) is increased with increasing concentration of pollutants in the ambient air atmosphere and is lowered with decreasing concentration of pollutants. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the first volumetric flow rate (V _N2 ) is increased with increasing concentration of oxygen in the room air atmosphere and lowered with decreasing concentration of oxygen. Method according to one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the at least one control unit (2) the minimum required supply air volume flow rate (V _F ) in dependence on the measured values of the concentration of pollutants corresponding to one in the Determined control unit (2) stored table, preferably continuously or at predetermined times or events. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the value of the first volume flow rate (V _N2 ) at one or more points in the first supply line system (11), each with one or more sensors (8), preferably continuously or at predetermined times or events, is measured , Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the value of the second volume flow rate (V _L ) at one or more locations in the second supply line system (12), each with one or more sensors (9), preferably continuously or at predetermined times or events, is measured , Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the method step a) further comprises the method step of generating inert gas, and wherein the method further comprises the following method steps: d) controlled removal of exhaust air from the permanently inertized space (10) with an exhaust air discharge device (4); and e) filtering the discharged in step d) from the space (10) exhaust air, wherein at least a portion of the filtered exhaust air is provided in step a) as an inert gas. The method of claim 11, wherein in step e) the discharged exhaust air is filtered using a Molekülseparationssystems, in particular a hollow fiber membrane system, a Molekularsiebsystems and / or an activated carbon absorption system. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the oxygen content in the inert gas provided by the inert gas source (3) is 2 to 5% by volume, and wherein the oxygen content in the fresh air provided by the fresh air source (5) is approximately 21% by volume. is. Apparatus for the controlled supply of supply air into a permanently inertized space (10) in which a predetermined level of inertisation is set and maintained with a certain control range, the apparatus comprising: - An inert gas source (3), in particular an inert gas generator (3a) and / or an inert gas reservoir (3b), for providing an inert gas; - A fresh air source (5) for spreading of fresh air, in particular outside air; - a first supply line system (11) connectable to the inert gas source (3) for controllably supplying the provided inert gas into the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized room (10) at a first volume flow rate (V _N2 ) suitable to maintain the predetermined inertization level and remove pollutants, in particular toxic or other hazardous substances, biological agents and / or moisture, from the ambient air atmosphere; and a second supply line system (12) which can be connected to the fresh air source (5) for the regulated supply of the fresh air provided into the ambient air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space (10) at a second volume flow rate (V _L ), wherein the value of the second volume flow rate (V _L ) at which the fresh air is supplied both from a minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space (10) and from the value of the first volume flow rate (V _N2 ) at which the inert gas is supplied will, is dependent. Apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising at least one control unit (2) adapted to set the value of the first volume flow rate (V _N2 ) at which the inert gas is supplied to the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space (10), depending on the regulated inerting level and / or the value of the first volumetric flow rate (V _N2 ) at which the inert gas is supplied, depending on the minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space (10) to regulate. Apparatus according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising a preferably aspiratively operating oxygen measuring device (7 ') with at least one and preferably a plurality of oxygen sensors (7) operating in parallel to continuously or at predetermined times or events the oxygen concentration in the ambient air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space (7). 10) and to pass the measured values to a control unit (2). Device according to one of claims 14 to 16, which further comprises a preferably aspirative working pollutant measuring device (6 ') with at least one and preferably with several parallel working pollutant sensors (6) to continuously or at predetermined times or events, the pollutant concentration in the room air atmosphere of to measure permanently inertized space (10) and to pass the measured values to a control unit (2). Apparatus according to claims 16 and 17, wherein the control unit (2) is designed to increase the value of the first volume flow rate (V _N2 ) with increasing concentration of oxygen in the ambient air atmosphere and to lower it with decreasing concentration of oxygen, preferably in the first supply line system ( 11) a controllable valve (V11) is driven accordingly. Device according to claims 16 and 17 or claim 18, wherein the control unit (2) is designed to increase the minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space (10) with increasing concentration of pollutants in the ambient air atmosphere and lower it with decreasing concentration of pollutants. Device according to one of claims 14 to 19, further comprising the at least one control unit (2) which is adapted to the value of the first volume flow rate (V _N2 ), with which the inert gas is supplied into the indoor air atmosphere of the permanently inertized space (10), in accordance with the inerting level to be maintained in the permanently inertized space (10) and / or the value of the first volume flow rate (V _N2 ) at which the inert gas is supplied, depending on the minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space (10) , wherein the at least one control unit (2) is designed, depending on the minimum air exchange rate and depending on the value of the first volume flow rate (V _N2 ), the value of the second volume flow rate (V _L ), preferably by driving a in the second supply line system (12 ) to regulate such that the value of the second volume flow rate (V _L ) greater than or equal to the difference between a minimum required supply air flow rate (V _F ) to maintain the minimum air exchange rate required for the permanently inertized space (10) and the first volume flow rate (V _N2 ) to maintain the predetermined inerting level in the room air atmosphere of the permanently inertized Room (10) is. Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the at least one control unit (2) is designed to determine the minimum required supply air volume flow rate (V _F ) as a function of the concentration of pollutants according to a table stored in the control unit (2), preferably continuously or to given times or events. Apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, further comprising at least one sensor (S11) each at one or more locations in the first supply line system (11) for measuring the value of the first flow rate (V _N2 ) preferably continuously or at predetermined times or events and to supply the measurement results to the control unit (2). Apparatus according to any one of claims 19, 20 or 22, further comprising at least one sensor (S12) each at one or more locations in the second supply conduit system (12), by the value of the second volumetric flow rate (V _L ), preferably continuously or at predetermined times or events, and to supply the measurement results to the control unit (2). Apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 23, further comprising an exhaust air removal system (4) adapted to exhaust air exhausted from the permanently inertized space (10) in a controlled manner, and further comprising air conditioning means (15) for conditioning and / or Filtering with the exhaust air discharge system (4) from the space (10) discharged exhaust air, and wherein at least a portion of the treated or filtered exhaust air of the inert gas source (3) is supplied as an inert gas to be provided. Apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the exhaust air removal system (4) has at least one controllable exhaust air flap, in particular mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically actuated exhaust air flap, which is controllable such that in a controlled manner the exhaust air from the permanently inertized space (10) can be discharged, the at least one exhaust air flap is preferably designed as a fire damper. Apparatus according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the air treatment device (15) comprises a Molekülseparationssystem (15 '), in particular a hollow fiber membrane system, and / or an activated carbon adsorption system. Device according to one of claims 24 to 26, which as an inert gas source (3) an inert gas generator with a Molekülseparationssystem (3a '), in particular with a hollow fiber membrane system and / or an activated carbon absorption system, wherein the Molekülseparationssystem (3a') is a compressed Air mixture is supplied and the inert gas generator (3) emits a nitrogen-enriched air mixture, and wherein the Inertgasgenerator (3) emitted and enriched with nitrogen air mixture is supplied in a controlled manner the dauerinertisierten space (10) as an inert gas, and wherein the inert gas generator ( 3) supplied air mixture at least partially has the filtered exhaust air.

Images