EP1925775A1 - Tunnel resistant to explosions - Google Patents
Tunnel resistant to explosions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1925775A1 EP1925775A1 EP07121280A EP07121280A EP1925775A1 EP 1925775 A1 EP1925775 A1 EP 1925775A1 EP 07121280 A EP07121280 A EP 07121280A EP 07121280 A EP07121280 A EP 07121280A EP 1925775 A1 EP1925775 A1 EP 1925775A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- layer
- compressible
- wall
- concrete
- Prior art date
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002986 polymer concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/05—Lining with building materials using compressible insertions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to the construction of insensitive to explosions in the tunnel interior tunnels.
- the tunnel wall is generally reinforced accordingly.
- the tunnel wall must be made so thick that the residual cross-section remaining in the interior of the tunnel after an explosion still has sufficient stability. If the tunnel is e.g. from Tübbingen, the individual segments must be made thicker. It makes them heavier and less manageable.
- the EP 0 296 067 B1 discloses a lightweight sandwich panel for protecting the exterior of buildings from shock and temperature effects.
- the object of the invention is a tunnel wall, which has a greater explosion protection effect in detonations in the tunnel interior than a conventionally created tunnel wall of the same mass, and a method for producing such a tunnel wall. Regardless of the manufacturing (Ortbeton- or ready-mixed solution) this should be much thinner and easier to produce with the same protective effect, as a conventional monolithic tunnel wall with given exclusively on the increased wall thickness explosion protection effect.
- An essential feature of the invention is in this case to construct the tunnel wall from the exterior of the tunnel to the interior of the tunnel out of several, but at least two layers, each of which has a different main function.
- the outermost layer facing the soil material consists of a concrete, preferably a high-strength or ultrahigh-strength concrete, a fiber-reinforced high-strength or ultrahigh-strength concrete or a reinforced concrete.
- the tray is at least 20 inches thick.
- At least one further layer joins the outermost layer in the direction of the tunnel interior, which is elastically or inelastically deformable compared to normal concrete. This layer partially absorbs the energy of an explosion and passes the remaining energy over a larger area and a stretched time interval to the outermost layer of the tunnel.
- the explosion protection layer is for this purpose according to the invention much more compressible than concrete.
- the explosion protection layer either directly adjoins the outer tray or is separated from it only by a thin surface finishing or blocking layer (e.g., sealing film).
- the explosion protection layer has a lower density compared to conventional concrete.
- a layer is preferably a gas-containing and thus more easily compressible solid suitable.
- a solid would be aerated concrete, for example.
- Another preferred material for the energy absorbing layer is polymer concrete.
- Polymer concrete is particularly well suited because it is both deformable and compressible at low cost and also has a waterproof effect.
- Another preferred material for the energy absorbing layer is dense foam having a density of more than 100 kilograms per cubic meter.
- Such hard foam has a low density, is inexpensive and sufficiently compressible for the inventive purpose.
- the explosion protection layer is due to the good interchangeability after a damage, preferably segmentally composed of standard segments.
- the thickness of the explosion protection layer is preferably between 2 and 30 centimeters. Surprisingly, even layer thicknesses of a few centimeters are sufficient to ensure explosion protection for the carrier shell even for a particularly dangerous internal explosion, such as the explosion in a tunnel, for terrorist explosives fired at a distance from the tunnel wall (for example in a motor vehicle).
- the layer must be at least 5% elastic or inelastically compressible at 1000 bar (static), but less than 90%.
- the explosion protection layer may also be a product produced with a defined computationally optimized structure, which may be e.g. honeycomb structure, like some crumple zones of an automobile.
- the explosion protection layer is preferred in the case of a tunnel with Ortbetonau touchschale later added as a prefabricated plate via conventional connecting means.
- the deformability of the plates makes it possible to compensate for tolerances of the mold during their manufacture. With easily deformable material even flat plates can be adapted to the curved tunnel wall. For a material that can not bend sufficiently in the desired thickness, the layer is then preferably achieved by several superimposed thinner plates.
- An explosion protection layer can also be used e.g. as shotcrete are subsequently applied to the inside of the tray. This can be done by spraying or foaming.
- the explosion protection layer can be retrofitted as in an in-situ reinforced tunnel.
- the use of tubbing segments which already carry the explosion protection layer during installation is preferred even during the production of the tunnel. This can be glued / molded in the manufacture of the segments or be after curing, but even before installation, the tubule attached (glued / screwed / anchored / attached with Velcro).
- An easily replaceable explosion protection layer makes tunnel maintenance easy after an explosion.
- the explosion protection layer is milled off / sawed / cut off by known erosive measures down to the supporting outer shell (also possible with high-pressure cutting jet) and then replaced (possibly together with an additional thin surface-finishing or water-barrier layer).
- the explosion protection layer may also be incorporated into a cavity formed by a wall (e.g., fire barrier wall) supported by posts / spacers spaced from the tray.
- the supports / spacers are preferably designed to yield / compressible when force.
- This wall has closable filling openings, through which compressible, explosive dissipating material is subsequently filled.
- the material then does not necessarily have its own dimensional stability, but may also be fluid.
- a simple and cheap design is sand.
- Another is sintered recycled plastic, which is pressed through the openings in the still soft state.
- Another possibility is to produce the cavity by means of a lost formwork without supports / spacers, when the filling material exerts an adhesive effect on the lost formwork and the trayshell surface by keeping the permanent formwork spaced from the trayshell surface, then backfilled with the adhesive explosion protection material and after completion of the filling process and sufficient adhesive action, the brackets of the lost formwork are removed.
- the energy-absorbing layer often has an unfavorable fire behavior.
- an upstream fire protection layer facing the interior of the tunnel can therefore additionally protect the energy-absorbing explosion protection layer against the effects of fire from inside the tunnel.
- the fire protection layer may consist, for example, of fire protection concrete, a fire protection coating or fire protection plates.
- the fire-resistant concrete may be, for example, reinforced concrete or a fiber concrete in which e.g. Polymer fibers are included. Other fiber types such as flax or glass fibers are conceivable.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft den Bau von gegen Explosionen im Tunnelinnenraum unempfindlicheren Tunneln.The invention relates to the construction of insensitive to explosions in the tunnel interior tunnels.
Um Tunnel gegen Explosionen im Tunnelinnenraum unempfindlicher zu machen, wird im allgemeinen die Tunnelwand entsprechend verstärkt. Die Tunnelwandung muss dabei so dick ausgebildet werden, dass der nach einer Explosion im Tunnelinnenraum verbleibende Restquerschnitt noch eine ausreichende Standsicherheit aufweist. Besteht der Tunnel z.B. aus Tübbingen, so müssen die einzelnen Tübbinge dicker gemacht werden. Sie werden damit schwerer und sind nicht mehr so gut zu handhaben.In order to make tunnels less vulnerable to explosions in the tunnel interior, the tunnel wall is generally reinforced accordingly. The tunnel wall must be made so thick that the residual cross-section remaining in the interior of the tunnel after an explosion still has sufficient stability. If the tunnel is e.g. from Tübbingen, the individual segments must be made thicker. It makes them heavier and less manageable.
Im Baubereich ist die Sandwichbauweise aus dem Wärmeschutz von Gebäuden bekannt.In the construction sector, the sandwich construction is known from the thermal insulation of buildings.
Die
Aus der
Aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist eine Tunnelwandung, die eine größere Explosionsschutzwirkung bei Detonationen im Tunnelinnenraum aufweist als eine herkömmlich erstellte Tunnelwandung gleicher Masse, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Tunnelwandung. Unabhängig von der Herstellart (Ortbeton- oder Fertigteillösung) soll diese bei gleicher Schutzwirkung deutlich dünner und leichter herstellbar sein, als eine herkömmliche monolithische Tunnelwandung mit ausschließlich über die erhöhte Wanddicke gegebener Explosionsschutzwirkung.The object of the invention is a tunnel wall, which has a greater explosion protection effect in detonations in the tunnel interior than a conventionally created tunnel wall of the same mass, and a method for producing such a tunnel wall. Regardless of the manufacturing (Ortbeton- or ready-mixed solution) this should be much thinner and easier to produce with the same protective effect, as a conventional monolithic tunnel wall with given exclusively on the increased wall thickness explosion protection effect.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen der Ansprüche 1, 6 und 7 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object is solved by the features specified in the characterizing part of
Wesentliches Merkmal der Erfindung ist hierbei, die Tunnelwandung vom Tunneläußeren zum Tunnelinneren hin aus mehreren, mindestens jedoch zwei Schichten aufzubauen, von denen jede eine unterschiedliche Hauptfunktion ausübt.An essential feature of the invention is in this case to construct the tunnel wall from the exterior of the tunnel to the interior of the tunnel out of several, but at least two layers, each of which has a different main function.
Die äußerste, dem Bodenmaterial zugewandte Schicht besteht aus einem Beton, bevorzugt einem hochfesten oder ultrahochfesten Beton, einem mit Fasern bewehrten hochfesten oder ultrahochfesten Beton oder einem Stahlbeton.The outermost layer facing the soil material consists of a concrete, preferably a high-strength or ultrahigh-strength concrete, a fiber-reinforced high-strength or ultrahigh-strength concrete or a reinforced concrete.
Die Tragschale ist mindesten 20 Zentimeter stark.The tray is at least 20 inches thick.
An die äußerste Schicht schließt sich in Richtung Tunnelinneres mindestens eine weitere Schicht an, die verglichen mit normalem Beton elastisch oder unelastisch deformierbar ist. Diese Schicht absorbiert teilweise die Energie einer Explosion und gibt die verbleibende Energie über eine größere Fläche und ein gedehntes Zeitintervall an die äußerste Schicht des Tunnels weiter. Die Explosionsschutzschicht ist hierzu erfindungsgemäß deutlich stärker komprimierbar als Beton. Die Explosionsschutzschicht grenzt entweder direkt an die äußere Tragschale an oder ist von ihr nur durch eine dünne oberflächenveredelnde oder sperrende Schicht (z.B. Dichtungsfolie) getrennt.At least one further layer joins the outermost layer in the direction of the tunnel interior, which is elastically or inelastically deformable compared to normal concrete. This layer partially absorbs the energy of an explosion and passes the remaining energy over a larger area and a stretched time interval to the outermost layer of the tunnel. The explosion protection layer is for this purpose according to the invention much more compressible than concrete. The explosion protection layer either directly adjoins the outer tray or is separated from it only by a thin surface finishing or blocking layer (e.g., sealing film).
Die Explosionsschutzschicht weist im Vergleich zu herkömmlichem Beton eine geringere Dichte auf.The explosion protection layer has a lower density compared to conventional concrete.
Als solche Schicht ist bevorzugt ein gashaltiger und damit leichter komprimierbarer Feststoff geeignet. Ein solcher Feststoff wäre zum Beispiel Porenbeton.As such a layer is preferably a gas-containing and thus more easily compressible solid suitable. Such a solid would be aerated concrete, for example.
Ein weiteres, bevorzugt verwendetes Material für die energieabsorbierende Schicht ist Polymerbeton. Polymerbeton ist besonders gut geeignet, da er bei geringen Kosten gleichzeitig deformierbar und komprimierbar ist und auch noch zusätzlich wasserdichtend wirkt.Another preferred material for the energy absorbing layer is polymer concrete. Polymer concrete is particularly well suited because it is both deformable and compressible at low cost and also has a waterproof effect.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Material für die energieabsorbierende Schicht ist dichter Hartschaum mit einer Dichte von mehr als 100 Kilogramm pro Kubikmeter. Solcher Hartschaum hat eine geringe Dichte, ist kostengünstig und für den erfinderischen Zweck ausreichend komprimierbar.Another preferred material for the energy absorbing layer is dense foam having a density of more than 100 kilograms per cubic meter. Such hard foam has a low density, is inexpensive and sufficiently compressible for the inventive purpose.
Die Explosionschutzschicht ist, der guten Austauschbarkeit nach einem Schadensfall wegen, bevorzugt segmentartig aus Standardsegmenten zusammengesetzt.The explosion protection layer is due to the good interchangeability after a damage, preferably segmentally composed of standard segments.
Mittels dieser Standardsegmente läßt sich auch ein bereits bestehender Tunnel nachträglich mit einer Explosionsschutzschicht ausstatten.By means of these standard segments, even an existing tunnel can be retrofitted with an explosion protection layer.
Die Dicke der Explosionschutzschicht beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 2 und 30 Zentimetern. Überraschenderweise genügen bereits Schichtdicken von wenigen Zentimetern um einen Explosionschutz für die Tragschale auch für eine besonders gefährliche Innenexplosion, wie sie die Explosion in einem Tunnel darstellt, für mit Abstand zur Tunnelwandung (z.B. in einem Kraftfahrzeug) gezündete terroristische Sprengkörper zu gewährleisten.The thickness of the explosion protection layer is preferably between 2 and 30 centimeters. Surprisingly, even layer thicknesses of a few centimeters are sufficient to ensure explosion protection for the carrier shell even for a particularly dangerous internal explosion, such as the explosion in a tunnel, for terrorist explosives fired at a distance from the tunnel wall (for example in a motor vehicle).
Hierzu muß die Explosionsschutzschicht aber gewisse Anforderungen erfüllen:For this, however, the explosion protection layer must meet certain requirements:
Die Schicht muß bei 1000 bar (statisch) um mindestens 5 % elastisch oder unelastisch komprimierbar sein, aber um weniger als 90%.The layer must be at least 5% elastic or inelastically compressible at 1000 bar (static), but less than 90%.
Bei der Explosionsschutzschicht kann es sich auch um ein mit definierter rechnerisch optimierter Struktur hergestelltes Produkt handeln, das z.B. wabenförmig aufgebaut ist, wie manche Knautschzonen eines Automobils.The explosion protection layer may also be a product produced with a defined computationally optimized structure, which may be e.g. honeycomb structure, like some crumple zones of an automobile.
Die Explosionsschutzschicht wird im Falle eines Tunnels mit Ortbetonaußenschale bevorzugt nachträglich als vorgefertigte Platte über übliche Verbindungsmittel angebracht. Die Deformierbarkeit der Platten ermöglicht dabei den Ausgleich von Toleranzen der Form bei deren Herstellung. Bei leicht deformierbarem Material können sogar ebene Platten der gekrümmten Tunnnelwandung angepaßt werden. Bei einem Material, das sich in der Sollstärke nicht ausreichend biegen läßt, wird die Schicht dann bevorzugt durch mehrere übereinanderliegende dünnere Platten erreicht.The explosion protection layer is preferred in the case of a tunnel with Ortbetonaußenschale later added as a prefabricated plate via conventional connecting means. The deformability of the plates makes it possible to compensate for tolerances of the mold during their manufacture. With easily deformable material even flat plates can be adapted to the curved tunnel wall. For a material that can not bend sufficiently in the desired thickness, the layer is then preferably achieved by several superimposed thinner plates.
Eine Explosionsschutzschicht kann auch z.B. wie Spritzbeton nachträglich an der Innenseite der Tragschale aufgebracht werden. Dies kann durch Aufspritzen oder Aufschäumen erfolgen.An explosion protection layer can also be used e.g. as shotcrete are subsequently applied to the inside of the tray. This can be done by spraying or foaming.
Bei einem Tunnel mit Außenschale aus Tübbingen kann die Explosionschutzschicht wie bei einem Ortbetontunnel nachträglich angebracht werden. Bevorzugt ist aber schon bei der Herstellung des Tunnels die Verwendung von Tübbingen, die bereits beim Einbau die Explosionsschutzschicht tragen. Diese kann bei der Herstellung der Tübbinge angeklebt/angegossen sein oder nach der Aushärtung, aber noch vor dem Einbau, der Tübbinge angebracht (geklebt/ geschraubt/ verankert / mit Klettverschluß angehängt) sein.In the case of a tunnel with an outer shell made of Tübbingen, the explosion protection layer can be retrofitted as in an in-situ reinforced tunnel. However, the use of tubbing segments which already carry the explosion protection layer during installation is preferred even during the production of the tunnel. This can be glued / molded in the manufacture of the segments or be after curing, but even before installation, the tubule attached (glued / screwed / anchored / attached with Velcro).
Eine leicht austauschbare Explosionsschutzschicht erleichtert die Wartung des Tunnels nach einer Explosion. Ohne das Vorhandensein eines leichten Lösemechanismus wird hierzu die Explosionsschutzschicht durch bekannte abtragende Maßnahmen bis auf die tragende Außenschale abgefräst /abgesägt/ abgeschnitten (auch mit Hochdruckschneidstrahl möglich) und dann ersetzt (eventuell zusammen mit einer zusätzlichen dünnen oberflächenveredelnden oder wassersperrenden Schicht).An easily replaceable explosion protection layer makes tunnel maintenance easy after an explosion. For this purpose, without the presence of a slight release mechanism, the explosion protection layer is milled off / sawed / cut off by known erosive measures down to the supporting outer shell (also possible with high-pressure cutting jet) and then replaced (possibly together with an additional thin surface-finishing or water-barrier layer).
Die Explosionsschutzschicht kann auch in einen Hohlraum eingebracht sein, der durch eine durch Stützen / Abstandshalter mit Abstand zur Tragschale gehaltene Wand (z.B. auch Brandschutzwand) gebildet ist. Die Stützen/Abstandshalter sind bevorzugt bei Krafteinwirkung nachgebend/stauchbar ausgeführt.The explosion protection layer may also be incorporated into a cavity formed by a wall (e.g., fire barrier wall) supported by posts / spacers spaced from the tray. The supports / spacers are preferably designed to yield / compressible when force.
Diese Wand weist verschließbare Einfüllöffnungen auf, durch die hindurch komprimierbares, Explosionskräfte dissipierendes Material nachträglich eingefüllt wird. Das Material muß dann nicht unbedingt eine eigene Formbeständigkeit aufweisen, sondern kann auch fluid sein. Eine einfache und billige Ausgestaltung ist Sand. Eine andere ist gesintertes Recycling-Plastik, das durch die Öffnungen im noch weichen Zustand eingepreßt wird.This wall has closable filling openings, through which compressible, explosive dissipating material is subsequently filled. The material then does not necessarily have its own dimensional stability, but may also be fluid. A simple and cheap design is sand. Another is sintered recycled plastic, which is pressed through the openings in the still soft state.
Eine andere Möglichkeit ist, den Hohlraum mittels einer verlorenen Schalung ohne Stützen/Abstandshalter zu erzeugen, wenn das Füllmaterial eine Klebewirkung auf die verlorene Schalung und die Tragschalenoberfläche ausübt, indem die verlorene Schalung mit Abstand zur Tragschalenoberfläche gehalten wird, dann mit dem klebenden Explosionsschutzmaterial hinterfüllt wird und nach Beendigung des Einfüllvorganges und hinreichender Haftwirkung die Halterungen der verlorenen Schalung entfernt werden.Another possibility is to produce the cavity by means of a lost formwork without supports / spacers, when the filling material exerts an adhesive effect on the lost formwork and the trayshell surface by keeping the permanent formwork spaced from the trayshell surface, then backfilled with the adhesive explosion protection material and after completion of the filling process and sufficient adhesive action, the brackets of the lost formwork are removed.
Als verlorene Schalung können z.B. Brandschutzplatten dienen.As lost formwork, e.g. Fire protection plates serve.
Materialgemäss weist die energieabsorbierende Schicht häufig ein ungünstiges Brandverhalten auf.According to the material, the energy-absorbing layer often has an unfavorable fire behavior.
Um einen zuverlässigen Brandschutz zu gewährleisten, kann daher zusätzlich eine zum Tunnelinneren weisende vorgelagerte Brandschutzschicht die energieabsorbierende Explosionsschutzschicht vor Brandeinwirkungen aus dem Tunnelinneren schützen.In order to ensure reliable fire protection, an upstream fire protection layer facing the interior of the tunnel can therefore additionally protect the energy-absorbing explosion protection layer against the effects of fire from inside the tunnel.
Die Brandschutzschicht kann z.B. aus Brandschutzbeton, aus einer Brandschutzbeschichtung oder aus Brandschutzplatten bestehen.The fire protection layer may consist, for example, of fire protection concrete, a fire protection coating or fire protection plates.
Der Brandschutzbeton kann zum Beispiel Stahlbeton oder ein Faserbeton sein, in dem z.B. Polymerfasern enthalten sind. Auch andere Faserarten wie Flachs- oder Glasfasern sind denkbar.The fire-resistant concrete may be, for example, reinforced concrete or a fiber concrete in which e.g. Polymer fibers are included. Other fiber types such as flax or glass fibers are conceivable.
Die Figuren zeigen schematisch einige mögliche Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung:
- Figur 1:
- Querschnitt eines aus mindestens 2 Schichten bestehenden Tunnels, bei dem die äußere Schale in Ortbeton erstellt ist;
- Figur 2:
- Querschnitt eines aus
mindestens 2 Schichten bestehenden Tunnels, bei dem die äußere Schale aus Tübbingen erstellt ist; - Figur 3:
- Darstellung eines mindestens aus zwei Schichten bestehenden Aufbaus der Tunnelwandung, mit der Tragschale (1) und einer austauschbaren inneren Schale als deformierbarer Schutzschicht (2);
- Figur 4:
- Darstellung einer aus zwei Schichten bestehenden Tunnelwandung im fertigen Zustand. Die Tragschale kann hierbei aus Ortbeton (1) oder Fertigteilen / Tübbingen (3) bestehen, die innere Schutz- bzw. Deformationsschicht aus einem gegenüber der Tragschale deutlich komprimierbareren Material;
- Figur 5:
- Darstellung einer aus drei Schichten bestehenden Tunnelwandung im fertigen Zustand.
Gegenüber der Figur 4 ist auf der Tunnelinnenseite eine zusätzliche Brandschutzschicht (4) angeordnet.
- FIG. 1:
- Cross-section of a tunnel consisting of at least 2 layers, in which the outer shell is made of cast-in-situ concrete;
- FIG. 2:
- Cross-section of a tunnel consisting of at least 2 layers, in which the outer shell is made of Tübbingen;
- FIG. 3:
- Representation of a construction consisting of at least two layers of the tunnel wall, with the support shell (1) and an exchangeable inner shell as a deformable protective layer (2);
- FIG. 4:
- Representation of a two-layer tunnel wall in the finished state. In this case, the support shell can consist of cast-in-situ concrete (1) or prefabricated parts / tubbing (3), the inner protective or deformation layer consisting of a material that is significantly more compressible with respect to the support shell;
- FIG. 5:
- Representation of a tunnel wall consisting of three layers in the finished state. Compared to Figure 4, an additional fire protection layer (4) is arranged on the inside of the tunnel.
- 11
- Tragschale (Tunnelaußenschale) aus OrtbetonCarrying tray (tunnel outer shell) made of in-situ concrete
- 22
- ExplosionsschutzschichtExplosion protection layer
- 33
- Tragschale aus Fertigteilen (Tübbingen)Carrying tray made of finished parts (Tübbingen)
- 44
- innere Brandschutzschichtinner fire protection layer
Claims (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tunnelwandung aus mindestens zwei Schichten (1, 3; 2) besteht:
wobei diese nachträglich aus Segmenten zusammengesetzt ist und durch Verbindungsmittel an der Tragschale oder einer möglichen dünnen Zwischenschicht befestigt ist,
oder nachträglich als durchgängige aufgespritzte/aufgeschäumte Schicht angebracht ist,
wobei diese Explosionschutzschicht (2) die Eigenschaft hat, bei statischem Druck von 1000 bar um mehr als 5 % aber weniger als 90 Prozent komprimierbar zu sein.
characterized in that the tunnel wall consists of at least two layers (1, 3, 2):
this is subsequently composed of segments and is fastened by connecting means to the support shell or a possible thin intermediate layer,
or subsequently applied as a continuous sprayed / foamed layer,
this explosion protection layer (2) has the property of being compressible by more than 5% but less than 90% at a static pressure of 1000 bar.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der dem Tunnelinneren zugewandten Seite der Schutzschicht (2) eine zusätzliche Brandschutzschicht (4) angebracht ist.Tunnel according to claim 1,
characterized in that on the inside of the tunnel facing side of the protective layer (2) an additional fire protection layer (4) is mounted.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material der komprimierbaren Schutzschicht (2) ein Festkörper mit in radialer Richtung tragender und die benachbarten Schichten verbindender Funktion ist.Tunnel according to at least one of claims 1 and 2,
characterized in that the material of the compressible protective layer (2) is a solid having a function of supporting in the radial direction and connecting the adjacent layers.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der Tunnelinnenseite durch eine mit Abstand vor der Tragschale gehaltene, im wesentlichen geschlossene Schale/Wand mit verschließbaren Einfüllöffnungen, ein Hohlraum geschaffen ist, der mit einem Medium gefüllt ist, welches deutlich besser komprimierbar ist als Beton und Explosionskräfte dissipiert an die Tragschale weiterleitet, wobei der Abstand zwischen der geschlossenen Schale/Wand und der Tragschicht eingehalten wird durch:
characterized in that on the inside of the tunnel by a held in front of the support shell, substantially closed shell / wall with closable filling openings, a cavity is created, which is filled with a medium which is significantly better compressible than concrete and explosion forces dissipated to the Carrying tray, wherein the distance between the closed shell / wall and the support layer is maintained by:
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei dem Material um Sand oder gesintertes Plastik-Recyclingmaterial handelt.Compressible, explosive dissipating material as a filling in a cavity of a tunnel wall according to claim 4,
characterized in that the material is sand or sintered plastic recycling material.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er an der zur Tunnelinnenseite ausgerichteten Oberfläche einer mindestens 20 Zentimeter dicken Betonaußenschale, oder an der Oberfläche einer auf dieser Oberfläche angeordneten dünnen Veredelungs- oder Sperrschicht, werkmäßig eine 2 bis 30 Zentimeter starke komprimierbare Explosionsschutzschicht (2) aufweist, die durch Ankleben, Anschrauben, Verankern, Anhaken oder Befestigung nach dem Prinzip eines Klettverschlusses angebracht ist, wobei die Explosionsschutzschicht (2) die Eigenschaft hat, bei statischem Druck von 1000 bar um mehr als 5 % aber weniger als 90 % komprimierbar zu sein.Tubule for a tunnel according to at least one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that it has on the inside of the tunnel facing surface of at least 20 centimeters thick concrete outer shell, or on the surface of a surface arranged on this thin finishing or barrier layer, factory a 2 to 30 centimeters thick compressible explosion protection layer (2) by gluing , Screwing, anchoring, hooking or fastening according to the principle of a hook and loop fastener, the explosion protection layer (2) has the property of being compressible at static pressure of 1000 bar by more than 5% but less than 90%.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß direkt an die Tragschale des bereits existierenden Tunnels, oder an eine an der Tragschale angeordnete dünne oberflächenveredelnde oder sperrende Schicht, über Verbindungsmittel eine nur 2 bis 30 Zentimeter dicke und damit das Lichtraumprofil kaum ändernde Explosionsschutzschicht angebracht wird, die aus einem Material besteht, welches bei einem Druck von 1000 bar um mindestens 5% aber weniger als 90 % komprimierbar ist und diese Schicht in Form von vorgefertigten Platten oder als durchgängige aufgespritzte/aufgeschäumte Schicht angebracht wird.Method for retrofitting a tunnel with explosion protection against indoor explosions,
characterized in that directly to the tray of the existing tunnel, or to a arranged on the tray thin Oberflächenveredelning or blocking layer, via connecting means only 2 to 30 centimeters thick and thus the clearance profile barely changing explosion protection layer is attached, which consists of a material which is compressible at a pressure of 1000 bar by at least 5% but less than 90% and this layer is applied in the form of prefabricated panels or as a continuous sprayed / foamed layer.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ebene Platten mit Sollstärke der Explosionsschutzschicht verwendet werden, die der Krümmung der Tunnelwandung beim Montagevorgang angepaßt werden.Method according to claim 7,
characterized in that flat plates are used with desired strength of the explosion protection layer, which are adapted to the curvature of the tunnel wall during the assembly process.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ebene Platten verwendet werden, die beim Montagevorgang der Krümmung der Tunnelwandung angepaßt werden und daß die Sollstärke der Explosionsschutzschicht durch Übereinanderlegen mehrerer solcher Platten erreicht wird.Method according to claim 7,
characterized in that flat plates are used, which are adapted during the assembly process, the curvature of the tunnel wall and that the desired thickness of the explosion protection layer is achieved by superimposing a plurality of such plates.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE200610055416 DE102006055416A1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2006-11-22 | Sicherheitstübbing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1925775A1 true EP1925775A1 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
Family
ID=39148600
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07121280A Withdrawn EP1925775A1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2007-11-22 | Tunnel resistant to explosions |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1925775A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102006055416A1 (en) |
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| EP2239416A2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2010-10-13 | Herold Kunststofftechnik | Concrete tubing and method for manufacturing the same |
| FR3021346A1 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-27 | Const Mecaniques Consultants | CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A TUNNEL, TUNNEL COMPRISING SUCH A ELEMENT AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A ELEMENT AND SUCH A TUNNEL |
| FR3081493A1 (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-11-29 | Solexperts Ag | Method and device for excavating cavities underground |
| US10519772B2 (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2019-12-31 | Agence Nationale Pour La Gestion Des Dechets Radioactifs | Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel |
| CN114991563A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-09-02 | 南京理工大学 | Wave-absorbing plate |
| CN117266878A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2023-12-22 | 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司 | Prefabricated explosion-proof box culvert that tunnel was used |
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| JP2020056304A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2020-04-09 | コンストリュクスィオン、メカニク、コンスュルタントＣｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｍｅｃａｎｉｑｕｅｓ Ｃｏｎｓｕｌｔａｎｔｓ | Constructing element for making tunnel, tunnel comprising such element, and method of constructing such element and such tunnel |
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| RU2689964C2 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2019-05-29 | Констрюксьон Меканик Консюльтан | Construction element for creating tunnel, tunnel comprising such element, and methods of constructing such element and such tunnel |
| JP2022174014A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2022-11-22 | コンストリュクスィオン、メカニク、コンスュルタント | Constructing element for making tunnel, tunnel comprising such element, and method of constructing such element and such tunnel |
| FR3021346A1 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-27 | Const Mecaniques Consultants | CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A TUNNEL, TUNNEL COMPRISING SUCH A ELEMENT AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A ELEMENT AND SUCH A TUNNEL |
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| US10519772B2 (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2019-12-31 | Agence Nationale Pour La Gestion Des Dechets Radioactifs | Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel |
| FR3081493A1 (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-11-29 | Solexperts Ag | Method and device for excavating cavities underground |
| CN114991563A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-09-02 | 南京理工大学 | Wave-absorbing plate |
| CN117266878A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2023-12-22 | 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司 | Prefabricated explosion-proof box culvert that tunnel was used |
| CN117266878B (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-03-15 | 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司 | Prefabricated explosion-proof box culvert that tunnel was used |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102006055416A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
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