EP1902267A1 - Shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprising a wear-resistant tube plate lining - Google Patents

Shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprising a wear-resistant tube plate lining

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Publication number
EP1902267A1
EP1902267A1 EP06762346A EP06762346A EP1902267A1 EP 1902267 A1 EP1902267 A1 EP 1902267A1 EP 06762346 A EP06762346 A EP 06762346A EP 06762346 A EP06762346 A EP 06762346A EP 1902267 A1 EP1902267 A1 EP 1902267A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
rwü
plate
sleeve
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06762346A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1902267B1 (en
Inventor
Christoph Gillessen
Helmut Schielke
Marco Heisterkamp
Werner Oelmann
Oliver Schwarz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ruhr Oel GmbH
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Ruhr Oel GmbH
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Publication of EP1902267A1 publication Critical patent/EP1902267A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1902267B1 publication Critical patent/EP1902267B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/165—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using additional preformed parts, e.g. sleeves, gaskets
    • F28F9/167—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using additional preformed parts, e.g. sleeves, gaskets the parts being inserted in the heat-exchange conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/002—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using inserts or attachments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger (RWÜ) with wear-resistant tube bottom lining for use in thermal cracking plants.
  • RWÜ tube bundle heat exchanger
  • RWU are used for example in ethylene plants for the production of ethylene by thermal columns downstream of a transfer line of a cracking furnace and referred to as a split gas cooler (Transferline Exchanger, TLE).
  • TLE Transferline Exchanger
  • split gas coolers must meet extremely high demands on the design and the material properties.
  • the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons such as naphtha, LPG, ethane or hydrocracker residue (Unconverted OiI, Waxy) emerging from the cracking furnace hot reaction mixture (up to 850 ° C) must be rapidly cooled in the quench cooler to avoid unwanted side reactions.
  • the quench cooler or RWÜ serves as a waste heat boiler, in which high pressure steam can be generated by evaporation of feedwater fed from the shell side.
  • the cracked gas or the decoking gas emerging from the cracking furnace at a high speed usually enters the cracking gas cooler from below through a transfer line into an axially arranged gas inlet chamber and impinges on the cracked gas lower tube sheet to be supplied to the further process after passing through the heat exchanger tubes of the quench cooler.
  • the fission gas contains coke particles which have a strong eroding effect at the high speeds of the fission gas.
  • the path between cracking furnace and radiator pipes must be traversed as quickly as possible. Due to the consequent short design of the gas inlet chamber, which usually widens in diameter from the transfer line to the cooler, the gas flow with the coke particles concentrates on the central region of the gas inlet chamber, which usually widens in diameter from the transfer line to the cooler, the gas flow with the coke particles concentrates on the central region of the
  • EP-A-0 567 674 discloses heat exchangers for cooling synthesis gas produced in a coal gasification plant, in which the gas inlet-side tubesheet is provided with a ceramic layer of individual, side-by-side, parallelepiped spouts abutting on the outer edges, each spout having a conical opening, which narrows into a pipe section which projects into a heat exchanger tube.
  • This solution does not produce a gas-tight seal between the individual cuboid elements. This would lead to coke formation in the gaps in cracked gas coolers of an olefin plant and destroy the materials.
  • a ceramic cladding is disclosed, which is formed from refractory moldings. These may be hexagonal, for example, and are provided with holes through which pins or hooks welded to the underside of the tubesheet can pass. The molding is suspended in this way on the tube sheet. A seamless coating is not achieved with this construction.
  • the invention adopts a different method in that effective protection against wear is sought by means of a metallic lining of the tube bottom and the inlet region of the radiator tubes.
  • the removal of the inlet-side tubesheet and in the radiator tubes made periodic shutdowns for inspection and Repair of the split gas cooler required, which has been remedied in the past, the tube sheets by surfacing back to the required wall thickness and replace the cooler tubes in sections.
  • This method is very complicated and can not be satisfied with regard to the resistance of the material used, since it has only the same properties as the one originally used.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to apply to the tubesheet and the inlet region of the radiator tubes a metallic lining with high resistance to high temperature corrosion, which, moreover, similar material properties as the apparatus material (ductility, thermal expansion coefficient). Even a partial lining should be possible without negative side effects. Furthermore, the lining should be easy to apply and easy to remove or replace.
  • a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a tube bottom lining that is resistant to the wear occurring here, for use in thermal cracking systems with cooling tubes (1) through which the gas to be cooled flows and at each end through a tube plate, and provided with a flow-through by the coolant jacket, wherein the gas inlet-side tube sheet (2) is at least partially covered by a layer of material on its flowing from the entering into the RWÜ gas side by a layer of material on the front side of each, juxtaposed and abutting at the outer edges in the pipe ends inserted sleeves consists (Fig.1), characterized in that the insertion sleeves are made of a heat-resistant metallic material.
  • the insertion sleeves are basically simple in construction, namely in the simplest case of a tube (4) and a plate (5).
  • the tube is provided with the plate at one end with the surface of the plate at a 90 ° angle to the longitudinal axis of the tube. In other words, it can be said that the tube is perpendicular to the plate.
  • the plate ( Figure 3) is broken so that the inflowing gas can flow through the plate into the tube.
  • the plate has a bore. This is preferably similar or equal to the inner diameter of the tube.
  • the insertion sleeve is produced either as a welded construction, by machining, by casting or by cold forming.
  • the plate is aligned centrally to the tube cross-section center.
  • the longitudinal axis of the tube then passes through the center of the plate surface. It makes sense that the said bore is located centrally in the plate surface.
  • the plate itself has a shape that is designed so that the outer edges of the plate with the outer edges of the plates of adjacent sleeves abut each other so that the inlet-side tube sheet is at least partially completely or completely covered (Fig.1).
  • the suitable geometric shapes of the plates depend on the geometric relationships in which the individual radiator tubes are arranged relative to one another. Suitable geometric individual surfaces which form a closed larger area by juxtaposing, z. As triangular surfaces, in particular isosceles, quadrilateral surfaces, in particular rectangular, but also diamonds or rhombuses and hexagons, especially those in which all angles or side lengths are identical. If the tubes of the tube bundle are arranged in such a way that a lattice network forms in the plan view, wherein the tubes each mark the points of intersection and this lattice is a square one, it is also preferred that the plates of the tubes are square.
  • the tube of the sleeve has an outer diameter which is equal to or slightly less than the inner diameter of the radiator tubes.
  • the insertion sleeves can be inserted with its tube in register in the radiator tubes.
  • an optimum length of the tubes of the insertion sleeves is in the range of 50 to 200 mm, particularly suitable are tubes with a length of 70 to 150 mm.
  • pipes of 100 to 120 mm in length are optimal, since this corresponds to the pipe section of the radiator pipes, which is under heavy use under operating conditions.
  • the material thickness of the tube and the plate of the insertion sleeve are adapted to the other dimensions of the RWÜ and the Radiobed Trenten.
  • a wall thickness of the tube of about 1 mm is optimal.
  • the plate preferably has a thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm.
  • the invention is also based on the finding that metallic materials which are sufficiently resistant to high-temperature corrosion under the given process conditions, ie which are not constantly formed on the surface corrosion products, then against the purely mechanical Abrasionsbe screwung are sufficiently resistant.
  • high-temperature corrosion-resistant metal alloys are used, in particular high-chromium steels and nickel-based alloys. Due to their durability under the mentioned process conditions austenitic steels are particularly preferred for the production of the insertion sleeves.
  • this entry of the sleeves is conical or rounded (6).
  • the opposite end of the plate tube end of the insertion tube is chamfered (7).
  • Another advantage of the insertion sleeves used according to the invention lies in the deformability of the metallic material from which they are made. This allows the sleeves with a simple common method, eg. B. by rolling, firmly and without gaps to connect to the radiator tube. As an alternative to rolling, the method of hydraulic application can also be used.
  • the material properties of the insertion sleeves allow a thin-walled design of the sleeves, whereby the formation of a tear-off edge is minimized at the opposite end of the pipe end.
  • the heat transfer is hindered very little by a thin sleeve firmly connected to the radiator tube and the cooling performance of the RWÜ is not affected at this point.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the workpieces or plug-in sleeves are very robust compared to ceramics and do not need to be particularly secured against impact or fall.
  • the method is therefore particularly applicable to repairs or retrofits already used radiator with enlarged by erosion in the inner diameter radiator tubes. In such already pre-damaged coolers a larger expansion is necessary because of the removal of material, but with the materials used readily affordable.
  • the insertion sleeves are then widened a little further during rolling or hydraulic application than in comparable non-pre-damaged radiator tubes.
  • the installation time is relatively short, since no attachment of anchors, screws or the like is necessary, also no welding and no burning, such. B. at a ramming mass.
  • a separating cut is preferably made between the plate and the tube with a suitable tool (eg inner tube cutter, milling cutter, drill). After removing the plate, a mandrel is driven between the radiator tube and the tube sleeve, whereupon this is pulled manually.
  • a suitable tool eg inner tube cutter, milling cutter, drill.
  • RWU is not limited to thermal cracking plants. Rather, it can also be used in other processes in which similar demands are placed on the material due to the process conditions, eg. B. downstream of fluidized bed combustion and combustion turbines.
  • the RWUs according to the invention can be made according to all conventional designs, e.g. Hard disk, floating head, U-tube heat exchanger, be designed. Hard disk heat exchangers are usually used in cracking plants.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional drawing through a tube sheet (2) with here two exemplary radiator tubes (1), which are connected via a pipe welding (3) with the bottom plate.
  • a sleeve consisting of sleeve tube (4) and sleeve plate (5) is inserted.
  • the plates of the tubes of adjacent tubes (1) have a common abutment edge (8) on which they abut with an exact fit. This allows the tube sheet (2) are completely covered. The inflowing gap gas then does not hit it, but the end face of the plate of the insertion sleeves.
  • Figure 2 shows a sleeve in longitudinal section and Figure 3 shows the same sleeve in plan view.
  • the sleeve is formed by the sleeve tube (4) and the sleeve plate (5).
  • Clearly visible is the rounded inlet area (6) and the chamfered pipe end (7).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to shell-and-tube heat exchangers, including those used to cool cracking gas in petroleum refining, containing wear resistant tube plate linings. In the heat exchangers, at least a portion of the inlet tube plate is covered by wear-resistant inserts which can be at least partially inserted into the heat exchanger tubes.

Description

Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager mit verschleißbeständiger RohrbodenauskleidungTube bundle heat exchanger with wear-resistant tube bottom lining
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rohrbündel-Wärmeübertrager (RWÜ) mit verschleißbeständiger Rohrbodenauskleidung zum Einsatz in thermischen Crackanlagen.The invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger (RWÜ) with wear-resistant tube bottom lining for use in thermal cracking plants.
Derartige RWÜ werden beispielsweise in Ethylenanlagen zur Erzeugung von Ethylen durch thermisches Spalten abstromseitig einer Transferleitung eines Spaltofens eingesetzt und als Spaltgaskühler (Transferline Exchanger, TLE) bezeichnet.Such RWU are used for example in ethylene plants for the production of ethylene by thermal columns downstream of a transfer line of a cracking furnace and referred to as a split gas cooler (Transferline Exchanger, TLE).
Spaltgaskühler müssen außerordentlich hohen Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und die Werkstoffeigenschaften genügen. Das durch Pyrolyse von Kohlenwasserstoffen wie Naphtha, LPG, Ethan oder auch Hydrocrackerrückstand (Unconverted OiI, Waxy) aus dem Spaltofen austretende heiße Reaktionsgemisch (bis ca. 850° C) muss in den Spaltgaskühlern rasch gekühlt werden, um unerwünschte Nebenreaktionen zu vermeiden. Der Spaltgaskühler bzw. RWÜ dient als Abhitzekessel, in welchem durch Verdampfung von mantelseitig geführtem Speisewasser Hochdruckdampf erzeugt werden kann.Split gas coolers must meet extremely high demands on the design and the material properties. The pyrolysis of hydrocarbons such as naphtha, LPG, ethane or hydrocracker residue (Unconverted OiI, Waxy) emerging from the cracking furnace hot reaction mixture (up to 850 ° C) must be rapidly cooled in the quench cooler to avoid unwanted side reactions. The quench cooler or RWÜ serves as a waste heat boiler, in which high pressure steam can be generated by evaporation of feedwater fed from the shell side.
Während des Prozesses enstehen in den Spaltöfen Koksablagerungen, die in gewissen Zeitabständen ( 60-80 Tage) durch Oxidation mit Luft entfernt werden müssen. Zum Entkoken wird bei verminderter Feuerungsleistung des Ofens ein Luft / Dampfgemisch durch die Rohre des Spaltofens geführt, mit dem die kohlenstoffhaltigen Ablagerungen abgebrannt werden. Hierbei lösen sich auch Kokspartikel, die mit dem Entkokungsgas über den Spaltgasweg durch den Spaltgaskühler zur Entkokungsleitung geführt werden.During the process coke deposits develop in the cracking furnaces, which have to be removed at certain intervals (60-80 days) by oxidation with air. For decoking an air / vapor mixture is passed through the tubes of the cracking furnace with reduced combustion performance of the furnace, with which the carbonaceous deposits are burned. Coke particles which are conducted with the decoking gas via the gap gas path through the quench cooler to the decoking line also dissolve here.
Das aus dem Spaltofen mit hoher Geschwindigkeit austretende Spaltgas bzw. das Entkokungsgas tritt üblicherweise über eine Transferleitung in eine axial angeord- nete Gaseintrittskammer von unten in den Spaltgaskühler ein und trifft auf den unteren Rohrboden, um nach Durchgang durch die Wärmeaustauscherrohre des Spaltgaskühlers dem weiteren Prozeß zugeführt zu werden.The cracked gas or the decoking gas emerging from the cracking furnace at a high speed usually enters the cracking gas cooler from below through a transfer line into an axially arranged gas inlet chamber and impinges on the cracked gas lower tube sheet to be supplied to the further process after passing through the heat exchanger tubes of the quench cooler.
Das Spaltgas enthält trotz kurzer Verweilzeiten Kokspartikel, die bei den hohen Geschwindigkeiten des Spaltgases stark erodierend wirken. Um das im Spaltofen erzeugte heiße Reaktionsgemisch rasch abzukühlen, muß der Weg zwischen Spaltofen und Kühlerrohren möglichst schnell durchlaufen werden. Aufgrund der dadurch bedingten kurzen Bauform der sich üblicherweise im Durchmesser von der Transferleitung zum Kühler aufweitenden Gaseintrittskammer konzentriert sich die Gasströmung mit den Kokspartikeln auf den mittleren Bereich desDespite a short residence time, the fission gas contains coke particles which have a strong eroding effect at the high speeds of the fission gas. To cool the hot reaction mixture generated in the cracking furnace rapidly, the path between cracking furnace and radiator pipes must be traversed as quickly as possible. Due to the consequent short design of the gas inlet chamber, which usually widens in diameter from the transfer line to the cooler, the gas flow with the coke particles concentrates on the central region of the
Rohrbodens und der Kühlerrohre, die besonders stark angegriffen werden. Die hierdurch verursachte Schwächung der drucktragenden Wandungen macht erhebliche Aufwendungen für Instandsetzungen erforderlich; die damit verbundenen Stillstandszeiten führen zu Produktionsausfällen.Pipe bottom and the radiator pipes, which are particularly heavily attacked. The resulting weakening of the pressure-bearing walls makes considerable expenditures for repairs necessary; the associated downtimes lead to production losses.
Zur Lösung vergleichbarer Probleme sind verschiedene Ansätze bekannt, die auf dem Einsatz keramischer, feuerfester Werkstoffe als Auskleidungen, Formstücke oder Beschichtungen beruhen:To solve comparable problems, various approaches are known, which are based on the use of ceramic, refractory materials as linings, fittings or coatings:
Aus EP-A-O 567 674 sind Wärmetauscher zum Kühlen von in einer Kohlevergasungsanlage erzeugtem Synthesegas bekannt, bei der der gaseintrittseitige Rohrboden mit einer keramischen Schicht aus einzelnen, nebeneinander angeordneten, an den Außenkanten aneinander stoßenden quaderförmigen Tüllen besteht, wobei jede Tülle eine konische Öffnung aufweist, die sich in einen Rohrabschnitt verengt, der in ein Wärmeaustauscherrohr hineinragt. Diese Lösung stellt keinen gasdichten Abschluss zwischen den einzelnen quaderförmigen Elementen her. Dies würde in Spaltgaskühlern einer Olefinanlage zu Koksbildung in den Zwischenräumen führen und die Materialien zerstören. Des Weiteren würden die Enden der verwendeten Tüllen eine Abrißkante im Rohr bilden, was bei den in Spaltgaskühlern gefahrenen hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten starke Verwirbelungen mit der Folge von zusätzlichen Erosionen hervorrufen würde. In der DE-C-44 04068 wird eine keramische Verkleidung offenbart, die aus feuerfesten Formkörpern gebildet wird. Diese können beispielsweise sechseckig sein und sind mit Lochungen versehen, durch die an der Unterseite des Rohrbodens angeschweißte Stifte oder Haken hindurchgreifen können. Der Formkörper wird auf diese Weise am Rohrboden aufgehängt. Eine fugenlose Beschichtung wird mit dieser Konstruktion nicht erreicht.EP-A-0 567 674 discloses heat exchangers for cooling synthesis gas produced in a coal gasification plant, in which the gas inlet-side tubesheet is provided with a ceramic layer of individual, side-by-side, parallelepiped spouts abutting on the outer edges, each spout having a conical opening, which narrows into a pipe section which projects into a heat exchanger tube. This solution does not produce a gas-tight seal between the individual cuboid elements. This would lead to coke formation in the gaps in cracked gas coolers of an olefin plant and destroy the materials. Furthermore, the ends of the grommets used would form a tear-off edge in the pipe, which would cause strong turbulences with the result of additional erosion at the high flow velocities driven in quench cooler. In DE-C-44 04068 a ceramic cladding is disclosed, which is formed from refractory moldings. These may be hexagonal, for example, and are provided with holes through which pins or hooks welded to the underside of the tubesheet can pass. The molding is suspended in this way on the tube sheet. A seamless coating is not achieved with this construction.
Des Weiteren ist bekannt, in einem Reaktor installierte Kühlrohre mit einer erosionshemmenden feuerfesten Beschichtung auszurüsten (vgl. US 4 124068), um das Risiko eines Rohrversagens und das Eindringen von Kühlwasser in das umgebende Reaktionsgemisch bei erhöhter Temperatur zu vermindern.It is also known to provide cooling tubes installed in a reactor with an erosion-inhibiting refractory coating (see US 4 124068) in order to reduce the risk of tube failure and the penetration of cooling water into the surrounding reaction mixture at elevated temperature.
In der DE 195 34 823 A 1 ist vorgeschlagen worden, die Rohrboden auf der Gas- eintrittsseite mit einem chemisch abbindenden erosionsbeständigen Feuerfestprodukt zu beschichten, bei dem die Beschichtung aus einer Stampfmasse zunächst in einer verarbeitbaren Form aufgebracht und anschließend zu einer feuerfesten Masse gebrannt wird.In DE 195 34 823 A 1 has been proposed to coat the tube sheet on the gas inlet side with a chemically setting erosion resistant refractory product, wherein the coating of a ramming mass is first applied in a processable form and then fired to a refractory mass.
Diesen Anwendungen ist gemeinsam, dass sie keramische, also nichtmetallische Werkstoffe mit dem metallischen Apparatewerkstoff, im Wesentlichen Stahl verbinden. In der Praxis hat sich gezeigt, dass die Kombination keramischer und metallischer Bauteile aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Werkstoff eigenschaften, wie thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizient sowie unterschiedliche Verformbarkeit (spröde/duktil) bei der Verarbeitung, Montage und Instandsetzung besonderen Aufwand benötigen und oft problematisch sind. Bei eingesteckten Keramiktüllen ergibt sich darüber hinaus das Problem von Verwirbelungen und daher besonderer Beanspruchung des Materials am in Srömungsrichtung gesehen hinteren Ende der Tülle durch die dort vorhandene Abrißkante. Im Gegensatz zu den Aus- führungen in der DE 195 34 823 hat sich gezeigt, dass eine Beschichtung mit einer Feuerfestmasse nur im Kernbereich in der Mitte des Rohrbodens nicht praktikabel ist, da die dann nicht einheitliche Oberfläche des Rohrboden in Zusammenwirkung mit den unterschiedlichen Materialeigenschaften dazu führt, dass besondere Probleme im Übergangsbereich, d. h. an der Außenkante der Feuerfestmasse auftreten, etwa durch Abplatzen derselben oder besonders starke Erosion durch Verwirbelung an der Kante. Darüber hinaus ist beim Aufbringen einer Beschichtung mit einem Feuerfestprodukt nur der Rohrboden als solcher geschützt. Vorteilhaft ist jedoch auch ein Schutz zumindest des in Strömungsrichtung gesehen vorderen Teils des jeweiligen Kühlerrohrs. Dies kann nur erreicht werden durch Einsetzen einer Tülle bzw. Hülse.These applications have in common that they connect ceramic, ie non-metallic materials with the metallic apparatus material, essentially steel. In practice, it has been shown that the combination of ceramic and metallic components due to the different material properties, such as thermal expansion coefficient and different deformability (brittle / ductile) during processing, installation and repair require special effort and are often problematic. When inserted ceramic grommets there is also the problem of turbulence and therefore special stress on the material seen in the direction of flow Direction rear end of the spout through the existing there tear-off. In contrast to the embodiments in DE 195 34 823, it has been found that a coating with a refractory mass is not practicable only in the core region in the center of the tube bottom, since the then nonuniform surface of the tube bottom in FIG Interaction with the different material properties causes special problems in the transition region, ie occur on the outer edge of the refractory material, such as by chipping them or particularly strong erosion by turbulence at the edge. In addition, when applying a coating with a refractory product, only the tubesheet is protected as such. However, it is also advantageous to protect at least the front part of the respective radiator tube, as viewed in the flow direction. This can only be achieved by inserting a spout or sleeve.
Dem Problem einer wesentlich stärkeren Anströmung und Beanspruchung der Kernzone im Vergleich zu den Randzonen ist versucht worden u. a. durch kegelförmige Einbauten (vgl. US-PS 35 52 487) oder durch diffusorartige Umlenkvorrichtungen ohne Einbauten (vgl. DE-PS 21 60 372) in den Eintrittskammern zu begegnen.The problem of a much stronger flow and stress of the core zone compared to the edge zones has been tried u. a. By tapered internals (see US Patent 35 52 487) or by diffuser-like deflection without internals (see, see DE-PS 21 60 372) in the inlet chambers to meet.
Ferner ist vorgeschlagen worden, sowohl zur Vergleichmäßigung der Durchströmung der Eintrittskammer als auch zum Schutz des Rohrbodens vor Erosion den RWÜ mit Einbauten aus Stäben, die zu Ringen gebogen sind, zu versehen, wobei die Ringe entlang der Oberfläche eines Kegels angeordnet sind, dessen Spitze zu dem Gaseintritt gerichtet ist (vgl. EP 0 377 089 A1 ).It has also been proposed to provide both the equalization of the flow through the inlet chamber and the protection of the tube sheet from erosion the RWÜ with inserts of rods which are bent into rings, wherein the rings are arranged along the surface of a cone whose tip to directed to the gas inlet (see EP 0377 089 A1).
Hierdurch sollen die von dem mit hoher Geschwindigkeit strömenden Gas im Bereich der Kernströmung mitgeführten Kokspartikel abgebremst und teilweise radial nach außen gelenkt werden, so dass sie nicht mehr zu Erosionsschäden an dem Rohrboden und den Rohren führen. Auf der anderen Seite ist mit derartigen Einbauten ein unerwünschter Differenzdruck und durch entsprechende Verweilzeiterhöhung ein Ausbeuteverlust verbunden.As a result, the coke particles entrained in the region of the core flow by the gas flowing at high velocity are to be braked and in some cases deflected radially outward, so that they no longer lead to erosion damage to the tubesheet and the tubes. On the other hand, with such internals an undesirable differential pressure and a loss of yield due to a corresponding increase in residence time.
Die Erfindung geht einen anderen Weg, indem durch eine metallische Ausklei- düng des Rohrbodens und des Eintrittsbereichs der Kühlerrohre ein wirksamer Verschleißschutz angestrebt wird. Der Abtrag an dem eintrittseitigen Rohrboden und in den Kühlerrohren machten periodische Abstellungen zur Inspektion und Instandsetzung der Spaltgaskühler erforderlich, wobei man sich in der Vergangenheit so beholfen hat, die Rohrböden durch Auftragsschweißung wieder auf die erforderliche Wanddicke zu bringen und die Kühlerrohre abschnittsweise zu ersetzen. Dieses Verfahren ist sehr aufwendig und kann hinsichtlich der Wider- Standsfähigkeit des eingesetzten Werkstoffes ebenfalls nicht zufrieden stellen, da dieser lediglich dieselben Eigenschaften wie der ursprünglich eingesetzte aufweist.The invention adopts a different method in that effective protection against wear is sought by means of a metallic lining of the tube bottom and the inlet region of the radiator tubes. The removal of the inlet-side tubesheet and in the radiator tubes made periodic shutdowns for inspection and Repair of the split gas cooler required, which has been remedied in the past, the tube sheets by surfacing back to the required wall thickness and replace the cooler tubes in sections. This method is very complicated and can not be satisfied with regard to the resistance of the material used, since it has only the same properties as the one originally used.
Festgestellt wurde, dass der Werkstoffabtrag im Gaseintrittsbereich nicht allein durch mechanischen Abtrag sondern durch ein Zusammenwirken von Hochtemperaturkorrosion (Verzunderung) und mechanischem Abtrag der gebildeten Korrosionsprodukte (Eisenoxid) erfolgt.It was found that the removal of material in the gas inlet area is not solely by mechanical removal but by a combination of high-temperature corrosion (scaling) and mechanical removal of the corrosion products formed (iron oxide).
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist also, auf den Rohrboden und den Eintrittsbereich der Kühlerrohre eine metallische Auskleidung mit hoher Beständigkeit gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion aufzubringen, die im Übrigen ähnliche Werkstoffeigenschaften wie der Apparatewerkstoff (Duktilität, Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient) aufweist. Auch eine Teilauskleidung soll ohne negative Nebeneffekte möglich sein. Des Weiteren soll die Auskleidung leicht aufzubringen und auch wieder leicht zu entfernen bzw. auszutauschen sein.The object of the invention is therefore to apply to the tubesheet and the inlet region of the radiator tubes a metallic lining with high resistance to high temperature corrosion, which, moreover, similar material properties as the apparatus material (ductility, thermal expansion coefficient). Even a partial lining should be possible without negative side effects. Furthermore, the lining should be easy to apply and easy to remove or replace.
Gelöst wurde diese Aufgabe durch einen Rohrbündel-Wärmeübertrager (RWÜ) mit einer gegen den hier auftretenden Verschleiß beständigen Rohrbodenauskleidung zum Einsatz in thermischen Crackanlagen mit Kühlerrohren (1 ), die von dem zu kühlenden Gas durchströmt und an ihren Enden durch je einen Rohrboden gehalten werden, und versehen mit einem vom Kühlmittel durchströmten Mantel, wobei der gaseintrittsseitige Rohrboden (2) auf seiner von dem in den RWÜ eintretenden Gas angeströmten Seite zumindest teilweise durch eine Materialschicht bedeckt ist, die auf der Stirnseite von einzelnen, nebeneinander angeordneten und an den Außenkanten aneinander stoßenden in die Rohrenden eingesteckten Hülsen besteht (Fig.1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einsteckhülsen aus einem hitzebeständigen metallischen Werkstoff bestehen. Die Einsteckhülsen (Fig.2) sind im Prinzip einfach aufgebaut, nämlich im einfachsten Fall aus einem Rohr (4) und einer Platte (5). Das Rohr ist an einem Ende mit der Platte versehen, wobei sich die Fläche der Platte in einem 90° Win- kel zur Längsachse des Rohres befindet. Anders ausgedrückt kann man sagen, dass das Rohr senkrecht auf der Platte steht. Die Platte (Fig.3) ist durchbrochen, so dass das anströmende Gas durch die Platte hindurch in das Rohr strömen kann. In einer einfachen Ausführungsform weist die Platte eine Bohrung auf. Diese ist vorzugsweise ähnlich oder gleich dem Innendurchmesser des Rohres. Die Herstellung der Einsteckhülse erfolgt entweder als Schweißkonstruktion, durch Zerspanung, durch Gießen oder durch Kaltumformung.This problem has been solved by a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (RWU) with a tube bottom lining that is resistant to the wear occurring here, for use in thermal cracking systems with cooling tubes (1) through which the gas to be cooled flows and at each end through a tube plate, and provided with a flow-through by the coolant jacket, wherein the gas inlet-side tube sheet (2) is at least partially covered by a layer of material on its flowing from the entering into the RWÜ gas side by a layer of material on the front side of each, juxtaposed and abutting at the outer edges in the pipe ends inserted sleeves consists (Fig.1), characterized in that the insertion sleeves are made of a heat-resistant metallic material. The insertion sleeves (Fig.2) are basically simple in construction, namely in the simplest case of a tube (4) and a plate (5). The tube is provided with the plate at one end with the surface of the plate at a 90 ° angle to the longitudinal axis of the tube. In other words, it can be said that the tube is perpendicular to the plate. The plate (Figure 3) is broken so that the inflowing gas can flow through the plate into the tube. In a simple embodiment, the plate has a bore. This is preferably similar or equal to the inner diameter of the tube. The insertion sleeve is produced either as a welded construction, by machining, by casting or by cold forming.
Bevorzugt ist die Platte zentrisch zur Rohrquerschnittsmitte ausgerichtet. Die Längsachse des Rohres führt dann durch das Zentrum der Plattenfläche. Sinnvollerweise befindet sich auch die genannte Bohrung zentrisch in der Plattenfläche.Preferably, the plate is aligned centrally to the tube cross-section center. The longitudinal axis of the tube then passes through the center of the plate surface. It makes sense that the said bore is located centrally in the plate surface.
Die Platte selber weist eine Form auf, die so gestaltet ist, dass die Außenkanten der Platte mit den Außenkanten der Platten benachbarter Hülsen so aneinander stoßen, dass der eintrittseitige Rohrboden zumindest teilweise vollflächig bzw. lückenlos bedeckt ist (Fig.1).The plate itself has a shape that is designed so that the outer edges of the plate with the outer edges of the plates of adjacent sleeves abut each other so that the inlet-side tube sheet is at least partially completely or completely covered (Fig.1).
Die geeigneten geometrischen Formen der Platten hängen davon ab, in welchen geometrischen Verhältnissen die einzelnen Kühlerrohre zueinander angeordnet sind. Geeignete geometrische einzelne Flächen, die durch Aneinanderlegen eine geschlossene größere Fläche bilden, sind z. B. dreieckige Flächen, insbesondere gleichschenkelige, viereckige Flächen, insbesondere rechteckige, aber auch Rauten bzw. Rhomben und Sechsecke, insbesondere solche, bei denen alle Winkel bzw. Seitenlängen identisch sind. Sind die Rohre des Rohrbündels so ange- ordnet, das in der Draufsicht sich ein Gitternetzwerk bildet, wobei die Rohre jeweils die Kreuzungspunkte markieren und dieses Gitter ein quadratisches ist, so ist auch bevorzugt, dass die Platten der Hülsen quadratisch sind. Vorteilhafterweise weist das Rohr der Hülse einen Außendurchmesser auf, der gleich oder geringfügig geringer ist als der Innendurchmesser der Kühlerrohre. Nur ihn einem solchen Fall können die Einsteckhülsen mit ihrem Rohr paßgenau in die Kühlerrohre eingesteckt werden. In der Praxis hat sich erwiesen, dass eine optimale Länge der Rohre der Einsteckhülsen im Bereich von 50 bis 200 mm liegt, besonders geeignet sind Rohre mit einer Länge von 70 bis 150 mm. Insbesondere Rohre mit 100 bis 120 mm Länge sind optimal, da dies dem Rohrabschnitt der Kühlerrohre entspricht, der unter Betriebsbedingungen am stärksten beansprucht wird.The suitable geometric shapes of the plates depend on the geometric relationships in which the individual radiator tubes are arranged relative to one another. Suitable geometric individual surfaces which form a closed larger area by juxtaposing, z. As triangular surfaces, in particular isosceles, quadrilateral surfaces, in particular rectangular, but also diamonds or rhombuses and hexagons, especially those in which all angles or side lengths are identical. If the tubes of the tube bundle are arranged in such a way that a lattice network forms in the plan view, wherein the tubes each mark the points of intersection and this lattice is a square one, it is also preferred that the plates of the tubes are square. Advantageously, the tube of the sleeve has an outer diameter which is equal to or slightly less than the inner diameter of the radiator tubes. Only him in such a case, the insertion sleeves can be inserted with its tube in register in the radiator tubes. In practice, it has been found that an optimum length of the tubes of the insertion sleeves is in the range of 50 to 200 mm, particularly suitable are tubes with a length of 70 to 150 mm. In particular, pipes of 100 to 120 mm in length are optimal, since this corresponds to the pipe section of the radiator pipes, which is under heavy use under operating conditions.
Die Materialdicke des Rohres und der Platte der Einsteckhülse sind den übrigen Dimensionen des RWÜ und den Betriebsbedigungen angepasst. Üblicherweise ist eine Wanddicke des Rohres von etwa 1 mm optimal. Die Platte weist vorzugs- weise eine Dicke von 2 mm bis 10 mm auf.The material thickness of the tube and the plate of the insertion sleeve are adapted to the other dimensions of the RWÜ and the Betriebsbedigungen. Usually, a wall thickness of the tube of about 1 mm is optimal. The plate preferably has a thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm.
Wie bereits erwähnt, erfolgt der Werkstoffabtrag im Gaseintrittsbereich insbesondere im stark beanspruchten mittleren Bereich der Rohrplatte durch ein Zusammenwirken von Hochtemperaturkorrosion (Verzunderung) und mechanischem Abtrag der gebildeten Korrosionsprodukte (Eisenoxide). Dies ist insofern eine neue Erkenntnis, als dass man in Fachkreisen bislang davon ausgegangen ist, dass der Werkstoffabtrag allein oder zumindestens überwiegend durch mechanische Abrasion erfolgt. Dies hat den Fachmann davon abgehalten, metallische Beschichtungen zugunsten von keramischen bzw. Feuerfestmassen- beschichtungen einzusetzen, zumal die früher gängige Methode desAs already mentioned, the removal of material takes place in the gas inlet region, in particular in the heavily stressed central region of the tube plate, by an interaction of high-temperature corrosion (scaling) and mechanical removal of the corrosion products (iron oxides) formed. This is a new finding insofar as it has previously been assumed in professional circles that the material removal takes place solely or at least predominantly by mechanical abrasion. This has prevented the skilled person from using metallic coatings in favor of ceramic or refractory coatings, especially as the formerly common method of the
Aufschweißens mühsam und kostspielig war und nicht zu wünschenswert langen Standzeiten geführt hat.Welding was cumbersome and costly and did not lead to desirable long service life.
Der Erfindung liegt auch die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass metallische Materialien, die unter den gegebenen Prozeßbedinungen ausreichend beständig gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion sind, bei denen also an der Oberfläche nicht ständig Korrosionsprodukte gebildet werden, dann gegen die rein mechanische Abrasionsbeanspruchung ausreichend resistent sind. Insoweit werden also bevorzugt hochtemperaturkorrosionsbeständige Metalllegierungen eingesetzt, insbesondere hoch Chrom-haltige Stähle und Nickelbasislegierungen. Aufgrund ihrer Beständigkeit unter den genannten Prozeßbedingungen sind austenitische Stähle zur Herstellung der Einsteckhülsen besonders bevorzugt.The invention is also based on the finding that metallic materials which are sufficiently resistant to high-temperature corrosion under the given process conditions, ie which are not constantly formed on the surface corrosion products, then against the purely mechanical Abrasionsbeanspruchung are sufficiently resistant. In that regard, therefore, preferably high-temperature corrosion-resistant metal alloys are used, in particular high-chromium steels and nickel-based alloys. Due to their durability under the mentioned process conditions austenitic steels are particularly preferred for the production of the insertion sleeves.
Um eine günstige Gasströmung zu erreichen, ist dieser Eintritt der Hülsen konisch oder abgerundet gestaltet (6).In order to achieve a favorable gas flow, this entry of the sleeves is conical or rounded (6).
Damit am hinteren Ende der in das Kühlerrohr eingeführten Hülse keine Abrißkante entsteht, die zu Verwirbelung und Werkstoffabtrag im Kühlerrohr führen kann, ist das der Platte entgegengesetzte Rohrende der Einsteckhülse angefast (7).So that at the rear end of the tube inserted into the tube no demolition edge is formed, which can lead to turbulence and material removal in the radiator tube, the opposite end of the plate tube end of the insertion tube is chamfered (7).
Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Einsteckhülsen liegt in der Verformbarkeit des metallischen Materials aus dem sie hergestellt sind. Dies erlaubt, die Hülsen mit einem einfachen gängigen Verfahren, z. B. durch Anwalzen, fest und spaltfrei mit dem Kühlerrohr zu verbinden. Alternativ zum Anwalzen kann auch das Verfahren des hydraulischen Anlegens angewandt werden.Another advantage of the insertion sleeves used according to the invention lies in the deformability of the metallic material from which they are made. This allows the sleeves with a simple common method, eg. B. by rolling, firmly and without gaps to connect to the radiator tube. As an alternative to rolling, the method of hydraulic application can also be used.
Die Werkstoffeigenschaften der Einsteckhülsen erlauben eine dünnwandige Ausführung der Hülsen, wodurch die Bildung einer Abrißkante an dem der Stirnseite entgegengesetzten Rohrende minimiert wird. Außerdem wird durch eine dünne mit dem Kühlerrohr fest verbundene Hülse die Wärmeübertragung nur sehr wenig behindert und die Kühlleistung des RWÜ an dieser Stelle nicht beeinträchtigt.The material properties of the insertion sleeves allow a thin-walled design of the sleeves, whereby the formation of a tear-off edge is minimized at the opposite end of the pipe end. In addition, the heat transfer is hindered very little by a thin sleeve firmly connected to the radiator tube and the cooling performance of the RWÜ is not affected at this point.
Im Vergleich mit dem bekannten Stand der Technik weist die vorliegende Erfindung folgende Vorteile auf:In comparison with the known prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
- Die Werkstücke bzw. Einsteckhülsen sind im Vergleich zu Keramik sehr robust und brauchen nicht besonders gegen Stoß oder Fall gesichert werden. - Es werden an die Maßhaltigkeit sowohl der Kühlerrohre als auch der Hülse nicht so hohe Anforderungen wie bei Keramik gestellt. Dies liegt u. a. darin begründet, dass erst durch das Anwalzen bzw. hydraulische Anlegen die feste Verbindung zwischen Kühlerrohr und Hülsenrohr hergestellt wird. Das Verfahren ist daher besonders auch bei Reparaturen oder Nachrüstungen bereits gebrauchter Kühler mit durch Abtrag im Innendurchmesser vergrößerten Kühlerrohren anwendbar. Bei solchen bereits vorgeschädigten Kühlern ist wegen des erfolgten Materialabtrags eine größere Aufweitung notwendig, aber mit den verwendeten Materialien ohne weiteres leistbar. Die Einsteckhülsen werden dann beim Anwalzen bzw. hydraulischen Anlegen etwas weiter aufgeweitet als bei vergleichbaren nicht vorgeschädigten Kühlerrohren.- The workpieces or plug-in sleeves are very robust compared to ceramics and do not need to be particularly secured against impact or fall. - There are not as high demands placed on the dimensional accuracy of both the radiator tubes and the sleeve as in ceramics. This is partly due to the fact that the solid connection between the radiator tube and sleeve tube is produced only by the rolling or hydraulic application. The method is therefore particularly applicable to repairs or retrofits already used radiator with enlarged by erosion in the inner diameter radiator tubes. In such already pre-damaged coolers a larger expansion is necessary because of the removal of material, but with the materials used readily affordable. The insertion sleeves are then widened a little further during rolling or hydraulic application than in comparable non-pre-damaged radiator tubes.
- Niedrige Herstellungskosten, da gängige Materialien und Verfahren, automatisierbare Serienfertigung - Bei einem instandzusetzenden Kühler sind nur geringe Vorarbeiten z. B.- Low production costs, as common materials and processes, automated mass production - When a cooler to be repaired are only minor preliminary work z. B.
Sandstrahlen notwendig, jedoch keine weitere Oberflächenbehandlung und auch kein Verschließen der Rohre wie z. B. beim Aufbringen einer Stampfmasse.Sand blasting necessary, but no further surface treatment and no closing of the pipes such. B. when applying a ramming mass.
- Die Montagekosten sind niedrig, da es sich bei den verwendeten Werkzeu- gen um Standardwerkzeuge handelt.- The installation costs are low because the tools used are standard tools.
- Die Einbauzeit ist vergleichsweise kurz, da kein Anbringen von Verankerungen, Schrauben oder dergleichen notwendig ist, ebenfalls kein Schweißen und auch kein Einbrennen, wie z. B. bei einer Stampfmasse.- The installation time is relatively short, since no attachment of anchors, screws or the like is necessary, also no welding and no burning, such. B. at a ramming mass.
- Sehr wichtig ist auch die einfache und schnelle Demontage der eingesetz- ten Einsteckhülsen ohne die Gefahr einer Beschädigung des Kühlers. Vorzugsweise wird hierzu zwischen Platte und Rohr mit einem geeigneten Werkzeug (z.B. Innenrohrschneider, Fräser, Bohrer) ein Trennschnitt angebracht. Nach Entfernen der Platte wird ein Dorn zwischen Kühlerrohr und Hülsenrohr getrieben, worauf dieses manuell gezogen wird. - Die Platten der Einsteckhülsen können an ihren Rändern, nämlich dort, wo die Ränder den Außenrand der gebildeten Gesamtfläche bilden, also nicht an Ränder benachbarter Einsteckhülsen stoßen, abgeschrängt sein, um keine schwarte Kante zwischen der Platte der Einsteckhülse und dem Rohrboden zu bilden.- It is also very important to disassemble the inserted insert sleeves quickly and easily without the risk of damage to the cooler. For this purpose, a separating cut is preferably made between the plate and the tube with a suitable tool (eg inner tube cutter, milling cutter, drill). After removing the plate, a mandrel is driven between the radiator tube and the tube sleeve, whereupon this is pulled manually. - The plates of the insertion sleeves can be at their edges, namely where the edges form the outer edge of the formed total area, so do not encounter edges of adjacent insertion sleeves, be pushed to do not form a ragged edge between the plate of the insert sleeve and the tubesheet.
Der Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen RWÜ ist nicht auf thermische Crackanlagen beschränkt. Vielmehr kann er auch in anderen Prozessen eingesetzt werden, bei denen an das Material aufgrund der Prozeßbedingungen ähnliche Anforderungen gestellt werden, z. B. abstromseitig von Wirbelschichtfeuerung sowie Verbrennungsturbinen.The use of the RWU according to the invention is not limited to thermal cracking plants. Rather, it can also be used in other processes in which similar demands are placed on the material due to the process conditions, eg. B. downstream of fluidized bed combustion and combustion turbines.
Die erfindungsgemäßen RWÜ können nach allen gebräuchlichen Bauformen, z.B. Festplatten-, Schwimmkopf-, U-Rohr-Wärmeübertrager, gestaltet werden. In Crackanlagen kommen üblicherweise Festplatten-Wärmeübertrager zum Einsatz.The RWUs according to the invention can be made according to all conventional designs, e.g. Hard disk, floating head, U-tube heat exchanger, be designed. Hard disk heat exchangers are usually used in cracking plants.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Querschnittszeichnung durch einen Rohrboden (2) mit hier 2 exemplarischen Kühlerrohren (1), die über eine Rohreinschweißung (3) mit der Bodenplatte verbunden sind. In die Kühlerrohre ist jeweils eine Hülse bestehend aus Hülsenrohr (4) und Hülsenplatte (5) eingesteckt. Die Platten der Hülsen benachbarter Rohre (1) haben eine gemeinsame Stoßkante (8), an der sie paßgenau aneinanderstoßen. Dadurch kann der Rohrboden (2) vollständig abgedeckt werden. Das anströmende Spaltgas trifft diesen dann nicht, sondern die Stirnseite der Platte der Einsteckhülsen.Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional drawing through a tube sheet (2) with here two exemplary radiator tubes (1), which are connected via a pipe welding (3) with the bottom plate. In the cooler tubes in each case a sleeve consisting of sleeve tube (4) and sleeve plate (5) is inserted. The plates of the tubes of adjacent tubes (1) have a common abutment edge (8) on which they abut with an exact fit. This allows the tube sheet (2) are completely covered. The inflowing gap gas then does not hit it, but the end face of the plate of the insertion sleeves.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Einsteckhülse im Längsschnitt und Figur 3 dieselbe Hülse in der Draufsicht. Die Hülse wird gebildet durch das Hülsenrohr (4) und die Hülsenplatte (5). Deutlich zu erkennen ist der gerundete Eintrittsbereich (6) sowie das angefaste Rohrende (7). Figure 2 shows a sleeve in longitudinal section and Figure 3 shows the same sleeve in plan view. The sleeve is formed by the sleeve tube (4) and the sleeve plate (5). Clearly visible is the rounded inlet area (6) and the chamfered pipe end (7).
ßezugszeichenlisteßezugszeichenliste
(1) Kühlerrohr (2) Rohrboden(1) Radiator tube (2) Tube bottom
(3) Rohreinschweißung(3) pipe welding
(4) Hülsenrohr(4) sleeve tube
(5) Hülsenplatte(5) Sleeve plate
(6) Gerundeter Eintrittsbereich (7) Angefastes Rohrende(6) Rounded inlet area (7) Chamfered pipe end
(8) Stoßkante (8) abutting edge

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Rohrbündel-Wärmeübertrager (RWÜ) mit einer gegen Verschleiß beständigen Rohrbodenauskleidung zum Einsatz in thermischen Crackanlagen mit Kühlrohren (1), die von dem zu kühlenden Gas durchströmt und an ihren Enden durch je einen Rohrboden gehalten werden und versehen mit einem vom Kühlmittel durchströmten Mantel, wobei der gaseintrittsseitige Rohrboden (2) auf seiner von dem in den RWÜ eintretenden Gas angeströmten Seite zumindest teilweise durch eine Materialschicht bedeckt ist, die aus der Stirnseite von einzelnen, nebeneinander angeordneten und an den Außenkanten aneinander stoßenden in die Rohrenden eingesteckten Hülsen besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einsteckhülsen aus einem hitzebeständigen metallischen Werkstoff bestehen.1. tube bundle heat exchanger (RWÜ) with a wear-resistant tube sheet lining for use in thermal cracking plants with cooling tubes (1), which flows through the gas to be cooled and are held at their ends by a tube sheet and provided with a flow-through by the coolant jacket wherein the gas inlet-side tube sheet (2) is at least partially covered on its side streamed by the gas entering the RWU through a layer of material consisting of individual, juxtaposed and abutting outer sleeve abutting ends inserted into the pipe ends in that the insertion sleeves are made of a heat-resistant metallic material.
2. RWÜ nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einsteckhülsen im Wesentlichen aus einem Rohr (4) gebildet sind, welches an einem Ende mit einer Platte (5) versehen ist, die in einem 90°-Winkel zur Längsachse des Rohres ausgerichtet und so durchbrochen ist, dass das anströmende Gas durch die Platte (5) hindurch in das Rohr (4) strömen kann.2. RWÜ according to claim 1, characterized in that the insertion sleeves are substantially formed of a tube (4) which is provided at one end with a plate (5), which is aligned at a 90 ° angle to the longitudinal axis of the tube and is broken through so that the inflowing gas can flow through the plate (5) into the tube (4).
3. RWÜ nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platte (5) zentrisch zur Rohrquerschnittsmitte ausrichtet ist.3. RWÜ according to claim 2, characterized in that the plate (5) is aligned centrally to the tube cross-section center.
4. RWÜ nach vorstehendem Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platte (5) eine Form aufweist, die so gestaltet ist, dass die Außenkanten der Platte mit den Außenkanten der Platten benachbarter Hülsen so aneinander stoßen (8), dass der eintrittsseitige Rohrboden zumindest teilweise lückenlos bedeckt ist. 4. RWÜ according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the plate (5) has a shape which is designed so that the outer edges of the plate with the outer edges of the plates of adjacent sleeves abut each other (8) that the inlet-side tube bottom at least partially is completely covered.
5. RWÜ nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platte (5) rechteckig vorzugsweise quadratisch ist.5. RWÜ according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the plate (5) is rectangular preferably square.
6. RWÜ nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohr (4) der Hülse einen Außendurchmesser aufweist, der gleich oder geringfügig geringer ist als der Innendurchmesser der Kühlerrohre (1).6. RWÜ according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the tube (4) of the sleeve has an outer diameter which is equal to or slightly less than the inner diameter of the radiator tubes (1).
7. RWÜ nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohr (4) der Einsteckhülse eine Länge von 50 bis 200 mm, vorzugsweise 70 bis 150 mm, insbesondere 100 bis 120 mm aufweist.7. RWÜ according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the tube (4) of the insertion sleeve has a length of 50 to 200 mm, preferably 70 to 150 mm, in particular 100 to 120 mm.
8. RWÜ nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüchen 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohr (4) der Einsteckhülse eine Wanddicke von 1 mm aufweist.8. RWÜ according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the tube (4) of the insertion sleeve has a wall thickness of 1 mm.
9. RWÜ nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüchen 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platte (5) der Einsteckhülse eine Dicke von 2 bis9. RWÜ according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the plate (5) of the insertion sleeve has a thickness of 2 to
110 mm aufweist.110 mm.
10. RWÜ nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüchen 2 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einsteckhülse aus einem austenitischen Stahl besteht.10. RWÜ according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the insertion sleeve consists of an austenitic steel.
11. RWÜ nach mindestens einem der vorstehenden Ansprüchen 2 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das der Platte (5) entgegengesetzte Rohrende der Einsteckhülse angefast ist. 11. RWÜ according to at least one of the preceding claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the plate (5) opposite the pipe end of the insertion is chamfered.
12. RWÜ nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüchen 2 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einsteckhülse mit dem jeweiligen Kühlerrohr (1) durch Anwalzen oder hydraulisches Aufweiten fest verbunden ist.12. RWÜ according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the insertion sleeve with the respective radiator tube (1) is firmly connected by rolling or hydraulic expansion.
13. Verfahren zum Ausstatten eines RWÜ gemäß Anspruch 1 mit einer13. A method of providing a RWU according to claim 1 with a
Materialschicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus einem Rohr (4) und einer Platte (5) gebildete Hülsen in die Wärmetauscherrohre eingesteckt und das eingesteckte Rohr (4) der Hülse mit dem Wärmetauscherrohr (1) durch Anwalzen oder hydraulisches Anlegen fest verbunden wird. Material layer, characterized in that from a tube (4) and a plate (5) formed sleeves inserted into the heat exchanger tubes and the inserted tube (4) of the sleeve with the heat exchanger tube (1) is firmly connected by rolling or hydraulic application.
EP06762346A 2005-07-07 2006-07-03 Shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprising a wear-resistant tube plate lining Active EP1902267B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005032118A DE102005032118A1 (en) 2005-07-07 2005-07-07 Tube bundle heat exchanger with wear-resistant tube bottom lining
PCT/EP2006/006440 WO2007006446A1 (en) 2005-07-07 2006-07-03 Shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprising a wear-resistant tube plate lining

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1902267A1 true EP1902267A1 (en) 2008-03-26
EP1902267B1 EP1902267B1 (en) 2011-05-18

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EP06762346A Active EP1902267B1 (en) 2005-07-07 2006-07-03 Shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprising a wear-resistant tube plate lining

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US (1) US8210245B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1902267B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4918545B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101318593B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101228410B (en)
AT (1) ATE510180T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0612757A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2614362A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102005032118A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2363248T3 (en)
NO (1) NO20080694L (en)
SG (1) SG163575A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007006446A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007006446A1 (en) 2007-01-18
US20080202732A1 (en) 2008-08-28
CN101228410A (en) 2008-07-23
US8210245B2 (en) 2012-07-03
JP2008545114A (en) 2008-12-11
SG163575A1 (en) 2010-08-30
CA2614362A1 (en) 2007-01-18
NO20080694L (en) 2008-03-31
KR101318593B1 (en) 2013-10-15
BRPI0612757A2 (en) 2010-11-30
CN101228410B (en) 2013-05-29
KR20080033943A (en) 2008-04-17
EP1902267B1 (en) 2011-05-18
JP4918545B2 (en) 2012-04-18
ES2363248T3 (en) 2011-07-28
ATE510180T1 (en) 2011-06-15
DE102005032118A1 (en) 2007-01-11

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