US3552487A - Quenching apparatus for use with thermal cracking system - Google Patents

Quenching apparatus for use with thermal cracking system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3552487A
US3552487A US769009A US3552487DA US3552487A US 3552487 A US3552487 A US 3552487A US 769009 A US769009 A US 769009A US 3552487D A US3552487D A US 3552487DA US 3552487 A US3552487 A US 3552487A
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Prior art keywords
members
thermal cracking
heat exchanger
cracking system
cooling pipes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US769009A
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Ichiro Tokumitsu
Mitsumaro Okamura
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Idemitsu Petrochemical Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Petrochemical Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/002—Cooling of cracked gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/454—Heat exchange having side-by-side conduits structure or conduit section
    • Y10S165/471—Plural parallel conduits joined by manifold
    • Y10S165/483—Flow deflecting/retarding means in header for even distribution of fluid to plural tubes

Definitions

  • the quenching apparatus is composed of a header and cooling pipes.
  • the header consists of a plurality of relatively closely spaced, hollow frustoconical members having a smaller diameter that communicated with a conduit in the furnace and a larger diameter that communicates with the cooling pipes.
  • the conical members are disposed coaxially and have radiating i'ms thereon.
  • the invention relates to apparatus for quenching gas effluents from a thermal cracking system for hydrocarbons.
  • Hydrocarbons such as naphtha are heated in such systems together with water vapor to elevated temperatures to cause thermal cracking for the production of ethylene, propyrene or the like.
  • Gas effluents from such system are usually conveyed to a quenching heat exchanger through a funnel-shaped hollow channel that is connected between the conduit from the system and the individual inlets of a number of cooling pipes in the heat exchanger.
  • the thermal cracking reaction of naphtha is completed within a very short period, and the product is extremely unstable because of high temperatures and high partial pressure of unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene in the effluent gas.
  • secondary and tertiary reactions are caused to produce carbon deposits in the piping and to reduce the yield.
  • the carbon deposits reduce the cooling efficiency of the heat exchanger and also cause difficulties in operating the system and heat exchanger.
  • the system must be often interrupted to remove or burn the deposited carbon by oxidation with air and the heat exchanger has to be dismounted for mechanical scavenging. Obviously this results in a decreased rate of operation and thermal stresses due to variation of temperature, the latter causing wear of material.
  • the dismounting involves mechanical damages. For these reasons, the product of the. thermal cracking process must be rapidly cooled to a given temperature.
  • the apparatus according to the invention comprises a nected with cooling pipes 9 in a heat exchanger generally indicated M10.
  • the header and guide tubes are made from heat-resistant steel such as nickel-chrome steel.
  • raw material hydrocarbons are fed together with water vapor through the supply pipe 3 and heated to a temperature between 750 and 950C. during passage through the heating pipe 2, whereby thermal cracking reaction proceeds.
  • Gas effluents resulting from this reaction are conveyed through pipe 2 to the header 4 where the effluent flow is diyided into a plurality of guide tubes 8 and thence to the coolmg pipes 9 o the heatexchanger 10.
  • the diameter of the guide tubes 8 is chosen to minimize pressure loss.
  • the time interval between successive scavenging of the heat exchanger increased from 20 days to 70 days.
  • the embodiment shown comprises a channel assembly 11 which includes a plurality of truncated cone members of different sizes arranged in concen quenching heat exchanger including a number of cooling pipes having individual inlet openings at one end for admission of gas effluents, and is characterized by the provision of means controlling the flow of gas effluents. from the thermal cracking system in a manner such that the gas flow is divided into a plurality of separate contiguous passageways before being supplied to the cooling pipes.
  • FIG. I is a schematic view of a thermal cracking system and an apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a section along the line A-A in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to F IG'. 1 showing another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a channel assembly shown in tric relationship.
  • the outermost cone member has a bottom pipe portion which is connected at ajoint 5 with the pipe 2 extending from the thermally cracking furnace l.
  • Adjacent cone members 12 are interconnected by struts IS.
  • the members 12 are made from heat-resistant steel sheet.
  • Apparatus for quenching gas effluents from a thermal cracking system for hydrocarbons comprising a quenching heat exchanger which includes a number of cooling pipes having individual inlet openings at one end for admission of gas effluents, and a plurality of relatively closely spaced, hollow frustoconical members of heat-resistant material having a smaller diameter and a larger diameter, said conical members being disposed coaxially and one within another, the outermost one of the members being connected at its smaller diameter end to a conduit in the thermal cracking system for supply of said gas effluents into said conical members, the larger diameter end of the members being in communication with the inlet openings of the cooling pipes in said heat exchanger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The quenching apparatus is composed of a header and cooling pipes. The header consists of a plurality of relatively closely spaced, hollow frustoconical members having a smaller diameter that communicated with a conduit in the furnace and a larger diameter that communicates with the cooling pipes. The conical members are disposed coaxially and have radiating fins thereon.

Description

United States Patent Inventors lchiro Tokumitsu;
Mitsumaro Okamura,Tokuyama-shi,
Yamnguchi-ken, Japan Appl. No. 769,009 Filed Oct. 21, 1968 Patented Jan.,5, 1971 Assignee ldemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Priority Nov. 29, 1967 Japan No.42/99727 QUENCHINGAPPARATUS FOR USE WITH THERMAL CRACKING SYSTEM 1 Claim, 4 Drawing Figs.
U.S. Cl. 165/174, 196/138, 208/48, 208/95, 23/284 Int. Cl. F28d 7/00 Field of Search 196/138, 140, 127, 128; 23/284; 165/175, 174; 202/227,
caAcxms FURNACE 1561 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,130,318 3/1915 Moore 196/138X l,6l3,0l6 1/1927 Brandt 196/138X 2,813,700 11/1957 Schenck 165/l75X Primary Examiner- Norman Yudkoff Assistant Examiner- David Edwards Anorneys- Harry C. Bierman, Jordan B. Bierman and Bierman and Bierman ABSTRACT: The quenching apparatus is composed of a header and cooling pipes. The header consists of a plurality of relatively closely spaced, hollow frustoconical members having a smaller diameter that communicated with a conduit in the furnace and a larger diameter that communicates with the cooling pipes. The conical members are disposed coaxially and have radiating i'ms thereon.
2 comcm.
MEMBERS PATENTED JAN 5197! SHEET 2 BF 2 HEAT IO EXCHANGER 12 comcm.
MEMBERS CRACKING f FURNACE IIvYJNTMJ I37: gain): a
QUENCHING APPARATUS FOR USE WITH THERMAL CRACKING SYSTEM The invention relates to apparatus for quenching gas effluents from a thermal cracking system for hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons such as naphtha are heated in such systems together with water vapor to elevated temperatures to cause thermal cracking for the production of ethylene, propyrene or the like. Gas effluents from such system are usually conveyed to a quenching heat exchanger through a funnel-shaped hollow channel that is connected between the conduit from the system and the individual inlets of a number of cooling pipes in the heat exchanger. The thermal cracking reaction of naphtha is completed within a very short period, and the product is extremely unstable because of high temperatures and high partial pressure of unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene in the effluent gas. When such product is maintained at high temperatures for a long period, secondary and tertiary reactions are caused to produce carbon deposits in the piping and to reduce the yield. The carbon deposits reduce the cooling efficiency of the heat exchanger and also cause difficulties in operating the system and heat exchanger. Thus the system must be often interrupted to remove or burn the deposited carbon by oxidation with air and the heat exchanger has to be dismounted for mechanical scavenging. Obviously this results in a decreased rate of operation and thermal stresses due to variation of temperature, the latter causing wear of material. In addition, the dismounting involves mechanical damages. For these reasons, the product of the. thermal cracking process must be rapidly cooled to a given temperature. in the prior art sy'st em, however,'the channel fans out sharply from the outlet onduit of arelatively smalldiameter of the thermal cracking ystern tofaiiargediarnelter,which may encompass as many as 500'coolingpipes of the'heat eirchanger, sothat the effluent flow through the conduit comes to stagnation in the channel, with consequent poor flow rate through the heat exchanger.
It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus for quenching gas effluents from a thermal cracking system for hydrocarbons in which the stagnation of effluent flow in a channel upstream of a quenching heat exchanger and secondary reaction of the effluent gas are minimized.
The apparatus according to the invention comprises a nected with cooling pipes 9 in a heat exchanger generally indicated M10. The header and guide tubes are made from heat-resistant steel such as nickel-chrome steel.
in use, raw material hydrocarbons are fed together with water vapor through the supply pipe 3 and heated to a temperature between 750 and 950C. during passage through the heating pipe 2, whereby thermal cracking reaction proceeds. Gas effluents resulting from this reaction are conveyed through pipe 2 to the header 4 where the effluent flow is diyided into a plurality of guide tubes 8 and thence to the coolmg pipes 9 o the heatexchanger 10. it will be understood that the diameter of the guide tubes 8 is chosen to minimize pressure loss. In an example, when the apparatus shown was used in place of the hollow channel of the type mentioned above with the same heat exchanger, the time interval between successive scavenging of the heat exchanger increased from 20 days to 70 days.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the embodiment shown comprises a channel assembly 11 which includes a plurality of truncated cone members of different sizes arranged in concen quenching heat exchanger including a number of cooling pipes having individual inlet openings at one end for admission of gas effluents, and is characterized by the provision of means controlling the flow of gas effluents. from the thermal cracking system in a manner such that the gas flow is divided into a plurality of separate contiguous passageways before being supplied to the cooling pipes.
The invention will be described with reference to the drawings, in which FIG. I is a schematic view of a thermal cracking system and an apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 2 is a section along the line A-A in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a view similar to F IG'. 1 showing another embodiment of the invention, and
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a channel assembly shown in tric relationship. The outermost cone member has a bottom pipe portion which is connected at ajoint 5 with the pipe 2 extending from the thermally cracking furnace l. Adjacent cone members 12 are interconnected by struts IS. The members 12 are made from heat-resistant steel sheet.
Although the reason of the success with the invention is not completely understood, it is considered that the construction shown prevents or minimizes sudden expansion of the effluent gas from the thermal cracking system at the junction with the heat exchanger or in the hollow funnel-shaped channel used in the prior art, thereby preventing occurrence of vortex or similar turbulent flow and thus enabling a substantially uniform flow profile.
We claim:
1. Apparatus for quenching gas effluents from a thermal cracking system for hydrocarbons, comprising a quenching heat exchanger which includes a number of cooling pipes having individual inlet openings at one end for admission of gas effluents, and a plurality of relatively closely spaced, hollow frustoconical members of heat-resistant material having a smaller diameter and a larger diameter, said conical members being disposed coaxially and one within another, the outermost one of the members being connected at its smaller diameter end to a conduit in the thermal cracking system for supply of said gas effluents into said conical members, the larger diameter end of the members being in communication with the inlet openings of the cooling pipes in said heat exchanger.

Claims (1)

1. Apparatus for quenching gas effluents from a thermal cracking system for hydrocarbons, comprising a quenching heat exchanger which includes a number of cooling pipes having individual inlet openings at one end for admission of gas effluents, and a plurality of relatively closely spaced, hollow frustoconical members of heat-resistant material having a smaller diameter and a larger diameter, said conical members being disposed coaxially and one within another, the outermost one of the members being connected at its smaller diameter end to a conduit in the thermal cracking system for supply of said gas effluents into said conical members, the larger diameter end of the members being in communication with the inlet openings of the cooling pipes in said heat exchanger.
US769009A 1967-11-29 1968-10-21 Quenching apparatus for use with thermal cracking system Expired - Lifetime US3552487A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4192658A (en) * 1978-07-03 1980-03-11 Atlantic Richfield Company Pipeline flame arrestor
US4397740A (en) * 1982-09-30 1983-08-09 Phillips Petroleum Company Method and apparatus for cooling thermally cracked hydrocarbon gases
US4457364A (en) * 1982-03-18 1984-07-03 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Close-coupled transfer line heat exchanger unit
EP0377089A1 (en) * 1988-12-19 1990-07-11 Deutsche Babcock- Borsig Aktiengesellschaft Heat exchanger, especially for cooling a cracking gas
US5464057A (en) * 1994-05-24 1995-11-07 Albano; John V. Quench cooler
US6095240A (en) * 1998-07-01 2000-08-01 Vita International, Inc. Quadruple heat exchanger
US6345508B1 (en) 1998-04-21 2002-02-12 Vita International, Inc. Heat exchanger
US6397934B2 (en) 1997-12-11 2002-06-04 Denso Corporation Cooling device boiling and condensing refrigerant
DE19534823C2 (en) * 1995-09-20 2002-08-22 Ruhr Oel Gmbh Shell and tube heat exchangers
US20040188070A1 (en) * 2002-10-14 2004-09-30 Behr Gmbh & Co. Heat exchanger
US6845813B1 (en) 2003-10-13 2005-01-25 Knighthawk Engineering Intra-body flow distributor for heat exchanger
US20080202732A1 (en) * 2005-07-07 2008-08-28 Ruhr Oel Gmbh Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchanger Comprising a Wear-Resistant Tube Plate Lining
US20130313482A1 (en) * 2010-12-29 2013-11-28 Eni S.P.A. Heat exchanger for the cooling of hot gases and heat exchange system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1130318A (en) * 1914-10-19 1915-03-02 Standard Oil Co Apparatus for distilling petroleum-oils.
US1613016A (en) * 1922-01-31 1927-01-04 Doherty Res Co Process and apparatus for the condensation of vapors
US2813700A (en) * 1954-08-20 1957-11-19 United Aircraft Corp Even distribution header system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1130318A (en) * 1914-10-19 1915-03-02 Standard Oil Co Apparatus for distilling petroleum-oils.
US1613016A (en) * 1922-01-31 1927-01-04 Doherty Res Co Process and apparatus for the condensation of vapors
US2813700A (en) * 1954-08-20 1957-11-19 United Aircraft Corp Even distribution header system

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4192658A (en) * 1978-07-03 1980-03-11 Atlantic Richfield Company Pipeline flame arrestor
US4457364A (en) * 1982-03-18 1984-07-03 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Close-coupled transfer line heat exchanger unit
US4397740A (en) * 1982-09-30 1983-08-09 Phillips Petroleum Company Method and apparatus for cooling thermally cracked hydrocarbon gases
EP0377089A1 (en) * 1988-12-19 1990-07-11 Deutsche Babcock- Borsig Aktiengesellschaft Heat exchanger, especially for cooling a cracking gas
US5029637A (en) * 1988-12-19 1991-07-09 Borsig Gmbh Heat exchanger, especially for cooling cracked gas
US5464057A (en) * 1994-05-24 1995-11-07 Albano; John V. Quench cooler
DE19534823C2 (en) * 1995-09-20 2002-08-22 Ruhr Oel Gmbh Shell and tube heat exchangers
US6397934B2 (en) 1997-12-11 2002-06-04 Denso Corporation Cooling device boiling and condensing refrigerant
US6345508B1 (en) 1998-04-21 2002-02-12 Vita International, Inc. Heat exchanger
US6095240A (en) * 1998-07-01 2000-08-01 Vita International, Inc. Quadruple heat exchanger
US20040188070A1 (en) * 2002-10-14 2004-09-30 Behr Gmbh & Co. Heat exchanger
US7121325B2 (en) * 2002-10-14 2006-10-17 Behr Gmbh & Co. Heat exchanger
US6845813B1 (en) 2003-10-13 2005-01-25 Knighthawk Engineering Intra-body flow distributor for heat exchanger
US20050262850A1 (en) * 2003-10-13 2005-12-01 Knighthawk Engineering Intra-body flow distributor for heat exchanger
US20080202732A1 (en) * 2005-07-07 2008-08-28 Ruhr Oel Gmbh Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchanger Comprising a Wear-Resistant Tube Plate Lining
US8210245B2 (en) 2005-07-07 2012-07-03 Ruhr Oel Gmbh Shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprising a wear-resistant tube plate lining
US20130313482A1 (en) * 2010-12-29 2013-11-28 Eni S.P.A. Heat exchanger for the cooling of hot gases and heat exchange system
US9453684B2 (en) * 2010-12-29 2016-09-27 Eni S.P.A. Heat exchanger for the cooling of hot gases and heat exchange system

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Publication number Publication date
DE1807674A1 (en) 1969-06-26
GB1195309A (en) 1970-06-17
FR1592449A (en) 1970-05-11

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