EP0377089A1 - Heat exchanger, especially for cooling a cracking gas - Google Patents

Heat exchanger, especially for cooling a cracking gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0377089A1
EP0377089A1 EP89119375A EP89119375A EP0377089A1 EP 0377089 A1 EP0377089 A1 EP 0377089A1 EP 89119375 A EP89119375 A EP 89119375A EP 89119375 A EP89119375 A EP 89119375A EP 0377089 A1 EP0377089 A1 EP 0377089A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
rings
tube
gas
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89119375A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0377089B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Brücher
Wolfgang Kehrer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Babcock Borsig AG
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Borsig GmbH
Deutsche Babcock Borsig AG
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Publication of EP0377089A1 publication Critical patent/EP0377089A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/002—Cooling of cracked gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for cooling cracked gas, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the gas flow supplied through the inlet nozzle spreads out in accordance with the expansion of the chamber cross-section.
  • the flow is uneven in such a way that the edge zones are flowed through less than the core zone.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a generic heat exchanger with such internals that both equalize the flow through the inlet end chamber and protect the tube plate from erosion.
  • the carbon particles carried by the gas flowing at high speed in the area of the core flow meet the rods of the insert, as a result of which their kinetic energy is destroyed.
  • the particles braked in this way are carried along by the gas and can no longer lead to erosion damage to the tube plate and the tubes.
  • the incident gas flow is partially directed radially outwards by the insert.
  • a partial flow can flow in the required amount between the ring distances to the pipes in the central area of the pipe plate.
  • Appropriate arrangement and dimensioning of the rods enables gas to be applied to all tubes of the tube bundle in a very uniform manner. The deflection of the gas flow to the outside is favored if the rods formed into rings form a cone.
  • the heat exchanger consists of a tube bundle of straight tubes 1, which are held in two tube plates 2 on both sides of the tube bundle.
  • the tube bundle is enclosed by an outer jacket 3 which, together with the tube plates 2, delimits an interior space through which boiling and high-pressure water flows.
  • the tube plate 2 is followed by an end chamber 4 on the gas inlet side and on the gas outlet side (not shown), which is provided with a nozzle 5 for supplying or discharging the gas.
  • the diameter of the nozzle 5 is significantly smaller than the diameter of the tube plate 2 , so that the end chamber 4 widens conically.
  • an insert 6 is arranged, which serves as a distribution element and as an impact protection.
  • the insert 6 is limited to that part of the tube plate 2 which is located in the area of the core flow of the gas supplied through the nozzle 5 and which is therefore most at risk from erosion.
  • the insert 6 consists of profile or round bars which are shaped into polygonal or round rings 7.
  • the insert 6 can be flat, the rings being concentric and arranged in one plane. It is advantageous to arrange the rings 7 - as shown - on a cone, the tip of which points to the socket 5.
  • the rings 7 are arranged at axial distances from one another.
  • the outside diameter of a ring 7 corresponds approximately to the inside diameter of the ring 7 following in the direction of the tube plate 2.
  • the diameter of the ring 7 adjacent to the tube plate 2 is somewhat larger than the diameter of the nozzle 5. This means that the projection area of the nozzle 5 on the tube plate 2 completely covered.
  • the rings 7 are connected to intersecting webs 8 which are fastened to the wall of the end chamber 4.
  • part of the inflowing gas is deflected into the edge zone, while another part of the gas passes between the rings 7 of the insert 6.
  • the diameter of the rods 7 formed to the rings and the mutual distance can be chosen so large that the distribution of the gas over the cross section of the tube plate 2 is uniform.
  • the arrows 10 in the left part of FIG. 1 show, the carbon particles carried along by the gas and flowing in a straight line meet the rings 7 and are braked.
  • the staggered arrangement of the rings 7 ensures that the carbon particles cannot hit the tube plate 2 at high speed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

The cooling of cracked gas is served by a heat exchanger having a tube bundle held between two tube plates (2), and two terminal chambers (4) which adjoin the tube plates (2) and narrow to form a socket (5). Arranged in the terminal chamber (4) on the inlet side are inserts which consist of rods that are bent to form round or polygonal, concentrically arranged rings (7). The rings (7) are arranged at a distance from the tube plate (2) in an extension of the socket (5) on the inlet side, and preferably along the surface of a cone pointing with the apex towards the gas inlet, on a surface which essentially corresponds to the cross-sectional surface of this socket (5). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher insbesondere zum Kühlen von Spaltgas mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Ansprüches 1.The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for cooling cracked gas, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

In der eintrittsseitigen Endkammer eines derartigen Wärmetauschers breitet sich der durch den Eintrittsstutzen zugeführte Gasstrom entsprechend der Erweiterung des Kammerquerschnittes aus. Dabei ist die Durchströmung in der Weise ungleichmäßig, daß die Randzonen weniger stark durchströmt sind als die Kernzone.In the inlet-side end chamber of such a heat exchanger, the gas flow supplied through the inlet nozzle spreads out in accordance with the expansion of the chamber cross-section. The flow is uneven in such a way that the edge zones are flowed through less than the core zone.

Um die eintrittsseitige Endkammer gleichmäßig zu durchströmen, sind bei einem bekannten Wärmetauscher (US-PS 35 52 487) in der Endkammer kegelförmige Einbauten angeordnet. Diese Einbauten sollen das eintretende Gas gleichmäßig auf die Rohre des Rohrbündels verteilen. Dient der Wärmetauscher der Kühlung von Spaltgas, so besteht die Gefahr, daß bedingt durch die große Oberfläche dieser ungekühlten Einsätze das Spaltgas verkokt und durch die Bildung von Koksansätzen zu einer Verschmutzung oder Verstopfung im Eintrittsbereich führt.In order to flow uniformly through the inlet-side end chamber, conical internals are arranged in the end chamber in a known heat exchanger (US Pat. No. 3,552,487). These internals should distribute the incoming gas evenly over the tubes of the tube bundle. If the heat exchanger is used to cool cracked gas, there is a risk that, due to the large surface area of these uncooled inserts, the cracked gas will coke and lead to contamination or blockage in the entry area due to the formation of coke deposits.

Bei einem anderen bekannten Wärmetauscher (DE-PS 21 60 372) wird zur Vermeidung von Verschmutzungen im Eintrittsbereich eine Vergleichmäßigung der Durchströmung ohne Verwendung von Einbauten angestrebt. Zu diesem Zweck ist an der Mündung des Eintrittsstutzens in die Endkammer eine diffusorartige Umlenkvorrichtung vorgesehen. In der Endkammer ist weiterhin eine mit Wandöffnungen versehene Einsatzhaube angeordnet, zwischen der und der Innenwand der Endkammer ein Ringraum gebildet ist. Auf diese Weise wird dem Auftreten von Strömungsablösungen an der Innenwand und einer teilweisen Bildung von internen Rückströmungen entgegenwirkt.In another known heat exchanger (DE-PS 21 60 372), in order to avoid contamination in the inlet area, an even flow is sought without the use of internals. For this purpose, a diffuser-like deflection device is provided at the mouth of the inlet connector in the end chamber. In the end chamber there is also an insert hood provided with wall openings, between which an annular space is formed and the inner wall of the end chamber. In this way, the occurrence of flow separations on the inner wall and a partial formation of internal backflows are counteracted.

Bei der Kühlung von Spaltgas in einem gattungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher treten außer einer ungleichmäßigen Durchströmung der eintrittsseitigen Endkammer und des Rohrbündels zusätzlich Schwierigkeiten durch Kohlenstoffpartikel auf, die aus dem Herstellungsprozeß stammen und von dem zu kühlenden Gas mitgeführt werden. Diese Kohlenstoffpartikel konzentrieren sich auf den Bereich der Kernströmung und führen zu Erosionen an der Rohrplatte und den Rohren.When cooling cracked gas in a generic heat exchanger, in addition to an uneven flow through the inlet-side end chamber and the tube bundle, additional difficulties arise due to carbon particles which originate from the production process and are carried along by the gas to be cooled will. These carbon particles concentrate on the area of the core flow and lead to erosions on the tube plate and the tubes.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen gattungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher mit solchen Einbauten zu versehen, die sowohl die Durchströmung der eintrittsseitigen Endkammer vergleichmäßigen als auch die Rohrplatte vor Erosion schützen.The invention has for its object to provide a generic heat exchanger with such internals that both equalize the flow through the inlet end chamber and protect the tube plate from erosion.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved in a generic heat exchanger according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die von dem mit hoher Geschwindigkeit strömenden Gas im Bereich der Kernströmung mitgeführten Kohlenstoffpartikel treffen auf die Stäbe des Einsatzes, wodurch ihre kinetische Energie vernichtet wird. Die so abgebremsten Partikel werden von dem Gas mitgenommen und können nicht mehr zu Erosionsschäden an der Rohrplatte und den Rohren führen. Darüber hinaus wird der auftreffende Gasstrom durch den Einsatz teilweise radial nach außen gelenkt. Ein Teilstrom kann jedoch in der erforderlichen Menge zwischen den Ringabständen zu den Rohren im Mittenbereich der Rohrplatte strömen. Durch eine entsprechende Anordnung und Dimensionierung der Stäbe besteht die Möglichkeit, eine sehr gleichmäßige Beaufschlagung aller Rohre des Rohrbündels mit Gas zu erreichen. Die Ablenkung des Gasstromes nach außen wird begünstigt, wenn die zu Ringen geformten Stäbe einen Kegel bilden.The carbon particles carried by the gas flowing at high speed in the area of the core flow meet the rods of the insert, as a result of which their kinetic energy is destroyed. The particles braked in this way are carried along by the gas and can no longer lead to erosion damage to the tube plate and the tubes. In addition, the incident gas flow is partially directed radially outwards by the insert. However, a partial flow can flow in the required amount between the ring distances to the pipes in the central area of the pipe plate. Appropriate arrangement and dimensioning of the rods enables gas to be applied to all tubes of the tube bundle in a very uniform manner. The deflection of the gas flow to the outside is favored if the rods formed into rings form a cone.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 den Längsschnitt durch einen Wärmetauscher und
  • Fig. 2 die Ansicht in Blickrichtung A nach Fig. 1.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail below. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows the longitudinal section through a heat exchanger and
  • 2 shows the view in viewing direction A according to FIG. 1.

Von einem Wärmetauscher zur Kühlung von Spaltgas ist nur der eintrittsseitige Teil gezeigt. Der Wärmetauscher besteht aus einem Rohrbündel aus geraden Rohren 1, die in zwei Rohrplatten 2 zu beiden Seiten des Rohrbündels gehalten sind. Das Rohrbündel ist von einem äußeren Mantel 3 umschlossen, der zusammen mit den Rohrplatten 2 einen von siedendem und unter hohem Druck stehendem Wasser durchflossenen Innenraum begrenzt. An die Rohrplatte 2 schließt sich auf der gezeigten Gaseintrittsseite und auf der nicht gezeigten Gasaustrittsseite jeweils eine Endkammer 4 an, die mit einem Stutzen 5 zur Zuführung oder Abführung des Gases versehen ist.Der Durchmesser des Stutzens 5 ist wesentlich kleiner als der Durchmesser der Rohrplatte 2, so daß sich die Endkammer 4 konisch erweitert.Only the part of a heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas is shown. The heat exchanger consists of a tube bundle of straight tubes 1, which are held in two tube plates 2 on both sides of the tube bundle. The tube bundle is enclosed by an outer jacket 3 which, together with the tube plates 2, delimits an interior space through which boiling and high-pressure water flows. The tube plate 2 is followed by an end chamber 4 on the gas inlet side and on the gas outlet side (not shown), which is provided with a nozzle 5 for supplying or discharging the gas. The diameter of the nozzle 5 is significantly smaller than the diameter of the tube plate 2 , so that the end chamber 4 widens conically.

In einem Abstand von der Rohrplatte 2 auf der Gaseintrittsseite ist ein Einsatz 6 angeordnet, der als Verteilelement und als Prallschutz dient. Der Einsatz 6 ist auf den Teil der Rohrplatte 2 beschränkt, der sich im Bereich der Kernströmung des durch den Stutzen 5 zugeführten Gases befindet und der somit am stärksten durch Erosion gefährdet ist. Der Einsatz 6 besteht aus Profil- oder Rundstäben, die zu mehreckigen oder runden Ringen 7 geformt sind. Der Einsatz 6 kann flach sein, wobei die Ringe konzentrisch und in einer Ebene angeordnet sind. Vorteilhaft ist es, die Ringe 7 - wie dargestellt - auf einem Kegel anzuordnen, dessen Spitze auf den Stutzen 5 weist. Die Ringe 7 sind in axialen Abständen voneinander angeordnet. Der Außendurchmesser eines Ringes 7 entspricht etwa dem Innendurchmesser des in Richtung auf die Rohrplatte 2 folgenden Ringes 7. Der Durchmesser des der Rohrplatte 2 benachbarten Ringes 7 ist etwas größer als der Durchmesser des Stutzens 5. Damit ist die Projektionsfläche des Stutzens 5 auf der Rohrplatte 2 völlig abgedeckt. Die Ringe 7 sind mit sich kreuzenden Stegen 8 verbunden, die an der Wand der Endkammer 4 befestigt sind.At a distance from the tube plate 2 on the gas inlet side, an insert 6 is arranged, which serves as a distribution element and as an impact protection. The insert 6 is limited to that part of the tube plate 2 which is located in the area of the core flow of the gas supplied through the nozzle 5 and which is therefore most at risk from erosion. The insert 6 consists of profile or round bars which are shaped into polygonal or round rings 7. The insert 6 can be flat, the rings being concentric and arranged in one plane. It is advantageous to arrange the rings 7 - as shown - on a cone, the tip of which points to the socket 5. The rings 7 are arranged at axial distances from one another. The outside diameter of a ring 7 corresponds approximately to the inside diameter of the ring 7 following in the direction of the tube plate 2. The diameter of the ring 7 adjacent to the tube plate 2 is somewhat larger than the diameter of the nozzle 5. This means that the projection area of the nozzle 5 on the tube plate 2 completely covered. The rings 7 are connected to intersecting webs 8 which are fastened to the wall of the end chamber 4.

Wie in Fig. 1 auf der rechten Seite durch die Pfeile 9 angedeutet ist, wird ein Teil des einströmenden Gases in die Randzone abgelenkt, während ein anderer Teil des Gases zwischen den Ringen 7 des Einsatzes 6 hindurchtritt. Der Durchmesser der zu den Ringen 7 geformten Stäbe und der gegenseitige Abstand kann so groß gewählt werden, daß die Verteilung des Gases über den Querschnitt der Rohrplatte 2 gleichmäßig ist. Wie die Pfeile 10 in dem linken Teil der Fig. 1 zeigen, treffen die von den Gas mitgeführten und gradlinig strömenden Kohlenstoffpartikel auf die Ringe 7 und werden abgebremst. Durch die versetzte Anordnung der Ringe 7 wird erreicht, daß die Kohlenstoffpartikel nicht mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf die Rohrplatte 2 treffen können.As indicated in FIG. 1 on the right-hand side by the arrows 9, part of the inflowing gas is deflected into the edge zone, while another part of the gas passes between the rings 7 of the insert 6. The diameter of the rods 7 formed to the rings and the mutual distance can be chosen so large that the distribution of the gas over the cross section of the tube plate 2 is uniform. As the arrows 10 in the left part of FIG. 1 show, the carbon particles carried along by the gas and flowing in a straight line meet the rings 7 and are braked. The staggered arrangement of the rings 7 ensures that the carbon particles cannot hit the tube plate 2 at high speed.

Claims (3)

1. Wärmetauscher insbesondere zum Kühlen von Spaltgas mit einem zwischen zwei Rohrplatten (2) gehaltenen Rohrbündel und zwei sich an die Rohrplatten (2) anschließenden, sich auf einen Stutzen (5) verengenden Endkammern (4), wobei in der eintrittsseitigen Endkammer (4) Einbauten angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einbauten aus Stäben bestehen, die zu runden oder mehreckigen, konzentrisch angeordneten Ringen (7) gebogen sind und daß die Ringe (7) in einem Abstand von der Rohrplatte (2) in Verlängerung des eintrittsseitigen Stutzens (5) auf einer Fläche angeordnet sind, die im wesentlichen der Querschnittsfläche dieses Stutzens (5) entspricht.1. Heat exchanger, in particular for cooling cracked gas, with a tube bundle held between two tube plates (2) and two end chambers (4) adjoining the tube plates (2) and narrowing onto a connection piece (5), with end chamber (4) in the inlet side. Baffles are arranged, characterized in that the baffles consist of rods which are bent into round or polygonal, concentrically arranged rings (7) and that the rings (7) at a distance from the tube plate (2) in the extension of the inlet-side connecting piece ( 5) are arranged on a surface which essentially corresponds to the cross-sectional surface of this connector (5). 2. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ringe (7) entlang der Oberfläche eines Kegels angeordnet sind, dessen Spitze zu dem Gaseintritt weist.2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the rings (7) are arranged along the surface of a cone, the tip of which faces the gas inlet. 3. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Außendurchmesser eines Ringes (7) dem Innendurchmesser des in Richtung auf die Rohrplatte (2) folgenden Ringes (7) entspricht.3. Heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer diameter of a ring (7) corresponds to the inner diameter of the ring (7) following in the direction of the tube plate (2).
EP89119375A 1988-12-19 1989-10-19 Heat exchanger, especially for cooling a cracking gas Expired - Lifetime EP0377089B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3842727 1988-12-19
DE3842727A DE3842727A1 (en) 1988-12-19 1988-12-19 HEAT EXCHANGER, IN PARTICULAR FOR COOLING FUEL GAS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0377089A1 true EP0377089A1 (en) 1990-07-11
EP0377089B1 EP0377089B1 (en) 1992-01-29

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EP89119375A Expired - Lifetime EP0377089B1 (en) 1988-12-19 1989-10-19 Heat exchanger, especially for cooling a cracking gas

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5029637A (en)
EP (1) EP0377089B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3012987B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3842727A1 (en)

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WO1995032263A1 (en) * 1994-05-24 1995-11-30 Abb Lummus Global Inc. Quench cooler
DE19534823C2 (en) * 1995-09-20 2002-08-22 Ruhr Oel Gmbh Shell and tube heat exchangers
WO2007068343A1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-21 Tuchenhagen Dairy Systems Gmbh Device for influencing the flow in the region of a tube support plate of a tubular heat exchanger

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US5186249A (en) * 1992-06-08 1993-02-16 General Motors Corporation Heater core
US5816322A (en) * 1997-04-18 1998-10-06 Abb Lummus Global Inc. Quench cooler
US6845813B1 (en) 2003-10-13 2005-01-25 Knighthawk Engineering Intra-body flow distributor for heat exchanger
CN101852556B (en) * 2010-06-08 2012-06-27 南京工业大学 High temperature and high dusty burner gas quencher
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US9127893B2 (en) 2005-12-13 2015-09-08 Gea Tds Gmbh Device for influencing the flow in the region of a tube support plate of a tube bundle heat exchanger

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JPH02195196A (en) 1990-08-01
DE58900802D1 (en) 1992-03-12
EP0377089B1 (en) 1992-01-29
US5029637A (en) 1991-07-09
JP3012987B2 (en) 2000-02-28
DE3842727A1 (en) 1990-06-21
DE3842727C2 (en) 1991-08-01

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