EP1892457A1 - Procédé et dispositif destinés à l'enregistrement de gaz combustible, en particulier de gaz naturel - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif destinés à l'enregistrement de gaz combustible, en particulier de gaz naturel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1892457A1
EP1892457A1 EP07114847A EP07114847A EP1892457A1 EP 1892457 A1 EP1892457 A1 EP 1892457A1 EP 07114847 A EP07114847 A EP 07114847A EP 07114847 A EP07114847 A EP 07114847A EP 1892457 A1 EP1892457 A1 EP 1892457A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
partial
partial gas
gas stream
compressed
working machine
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Granted
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EP07114847A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1892457B1 (fr
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Eberhard Otten
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0232—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F17C2227/0164—Compressors with specified compressor type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0348—Water cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0358—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
    • F17C2227/036—"Joule-Thompson" effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/60—Natural gas or synthetic natural gas [SNG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/68—Separating water or hydrates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for storing fuel gas, in particular methane (natural gas).
  • the natural gas demand of private and industrial consumers is characterized by seasonal and daily fluctuations.
  • Natural gas storage facilities are operated to compensate for the fluctuations in consumption.
  • To cover the peak consumption in particular to cover the high natural gas demand for heating purposes at low winter temperatures correspondingly high capacities are provided in gas transmission networks municipal gas supplier.
  • large underground natural gas storage facilities for buffering consumption peaks such as tube storage and ball container are known.
  • the capacities of the latter gas storage are limited to several hours Eintechnisch- or Aus Grandezeit and therefore suitable only to compensate for daily consumption fluctuations.
  • the specific investment costs of such gas storage are high.
  • the supply of natural gas is therefore burdened with a relatively high transport or performance price.
  • conventional gas storage relatively large volumes and thus a lot of space.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus that allow a more cost-effective gas supply, especially natural gas supply.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus that allow space-saving gas storage.
  • the invention proposes a method for storing fuel gas, in particular natural gas (methane), in which compressed fuel gas supplied by means of a supply line, in particular natural gas, is divided by means of a dividing device into a first partial gas stream and at least one second partial gas stream, in which the first partial gas stream is expanded by means of at least one working machine, in particular an expansion turbine, wherein the first partial gas stream is previously heated by means of at least one heat exchanger so that this partial gas stream after relaxation in the at least one working machine a temperature still above 5 ° C, preferably greater than or equal to 8 ° C, in which the second partial gas stream is compressed by means of at least one compressor driven by the at least one working machine, heat dissipated in the second partial gas stream by its compression being removed and being used to heat the first Gas partial flow is used in the at least one heat exchanger, in which the compressed, cooled by heat removal second partial gas stream is so far relaxed that at least 10%, preferably more than 50% of the second partial gas stream incurred in the liquid state, and in which
  • the first partial gas stream is preferably introduced into a municipal supply network.
  • the device according to the invention accordingly comprises a dividing device for dividing compressed, supplied by a supply line fuel gas, in particular natural gas, in a first partial gas flow and at least one second partial gas flow, at least one working machine, in particular an expansion turbine, for relaxing the first partial gas flow, at least one compressor for compressing the second partial gas flow, wherein the compressor is driven by the at least one working machine, at least one heat exchanger, which transfers heat, which arises in the second partial gas flow by the compression thereof, to the first gas partial flow before its expansion in the at least one working machine, at least one expansion device for relaxation and at least partial liquefaction of the compressed, cooled by heat removal second partial gas flow, and at least one heat-insulated container for storing fuel gas liquefied by means of the expansion device.
  • a dividing device for dividing compressed, supplied by a supply line fuel gas, in particular natural gas, in a first partial gas flow and at least one second partial gas flow
  • at least one working machine in particular an expansion turbine
  • the compressor for compressing the second partial gas
  • heat exchanger can also be used in the present context, the term "heat exchanger”.
  • An essential feature of the invention is the use of one or more heat exchangers to use the heat generated in the one partial gas flow during the compression, for the heating of the other, relaxing gas partial flow, and the drive of the at least one compressor by the at least one Working machine, by means of which said partial gas stream is expanded.
  • part of the pressure energy of the compressed fuel gas supplied via the supply line (high-pressure line) is used for the further compression and liquefaction of a partial gas stream.
  • the coupling according to the invention of the at least one compressor with the at least one working machine (for example expansion turbine) which relaxes the other partial gas stream does not require any additional drive energy, which is economically advantageous.
  • Another economic advantage of the invention is that it does not require any additional heat energy, which is usually required to heat (heat) natural gas as it is being expanded from a high pressure supply line to medium or low pressure for further distribution to prevent possible icing of the expansion plants due to the Joule-Thompson effect.
  • liquefying the fuel gas can be a space-saving gas storage achieve.
  • natural gas compressed to 20 bar occupies about 5% of the volume of natural gas
  • liquefied natural gas (methane) cooled to -162 ° C requires only about 0.17% of the volume of the standard gas.
  • fuel gas methane
  • other methods for which the use of a particularly low temperature level is advantageous include, for example, the decomposition of air, the production of crystalline CO 2 , as well as the direct use of liquid methane, for example, for power generation by direct injection in diesel combined heat and power plants or pre-cooling sucked in gas turbines air.
  • the high temperature gradient between liquefied fuel gas (methane) and the usual ambient temperature (outside temperature) can be used to vaporize gas quantities and gain further energy.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the partial gas flow from which liquefied gas is to be produced is compressed in several stages and cooled between the compression stages becomes. In this way, the efficiency of the compression process can be improved.
  • the compressed and cooled partial gas flow is partially relaxed before its leading to liquefaction relaxation in another working machine, in particular another expansion turbine.
  • the power generated in this further work machine is preferably used to drive the compressor, a generator and / or another machine.
  • At least part of the compressed, cooled and relaxed for the purpose of liquefaction partial gas flow is used for cooling of even at a higher pressure level gas of the same partial gas flow.
  • the part of the partial gas stream used for cooling is then fed to the expanded, first partial gas stream, i. the non-liquefied gas partial stream added.
  • heat which is generated in the further compressed partial gas flow through its compression, is used by means of at least one heat exchanger to the relaxed by means of the working machine partial gas flow (ie the non-liquefied partial gas stream) after its relaxation to warm up.
  • the apparatus sketched in FIG. 1 comprises a dividing device 1 for dividing a gas stream supplied by means of a supply line (high-pressure line) into a first partial gas stream A and at least one second partial gas stream B.
  • the gas available in the high-pressure line usually has a pressure in the region of 30 up to 100 bar, for example, about 50 bar.
  • the dividing device 1 consists for example of a pipe branch provided with a control valve.
  • the inventive device further comprises a working machine 2 for relaxing the first partial gas flow A and a compressor 3 for compressing the second partial gas flow B, wherein the compressor 3 is driven by the working machine 2.
  • the working machine 2 preferably consists of an expansion turbine, while the compressor. 3 is preferably designed as a compression turbine.
  • the working machine 2 and the compressor 3 are arranged on a common shaft 4.
  • the control valve of the dividing device 1 is set as a function of the prevailing in the high-pressure line (gas pipeline) gas pressure.
  • the gas stream is preferably divided so that 50 to 70%, in particular about 60% of the gas is supplied to the compressor 3.
  • the quantitative ratio of the first partial gas flow A to the second partial gas flow B is, for example, about 40% to 60%.
  • the partial gas flow A is heated before the almost isentropic relaxation in the expansion turbine 2 by means of a heat exchanger 5 so far that it has a temperature even above 8 ° C after the almost isentropic relaxation.
  • the released during the relaxation work (rotational energy) is transmitted via the shaft 4 to the compression turbine 3.
  • a part of the work thus released can be used to drive a generator 7, wherein missing drive power can optionally be generated by a motor 6.
  • the second partial gas stream B is compressed in the compression turbine 3 to about 100 bar, whereby the gas heats up very strongly.
  • the temperature of the compressed partial gas stream B can be up to 1000 ° C.
  • Heat energy generated by the compression of the second partial gas stream B is discharged via a heat exchanger 8 and the heat exchanger 5 is supplied to the low pressure side via a water circuit 9.
  • a multi-stage compression with respective intermediate cooling is provided.
  • the compressor 3 has two compression stages 3.1, 3.2, wherein between the compression stages 3.1, 3.2 of the connected to the heat exchanger 5 via the water circuit 9 heat exchanger 8 is arranged.
  • a further heat exchanger 10 is provided, with which the compressed gas is cooled.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is connected via a water circuit 11 with a heat exchanger 12, which is arranged behind the expansion turbine 2 and the heating of the first partial gas flow A is used after its relaxation.
  • the compressed and cooled second partial gas stream B is fed to an expansion device 13 and expanded there to a low pressure, wherein the greater part of the gas (methane) is liquefied.
  • the liquefied gas B f is stored in one or more thermally insulated containers 14.
  • the storage volume of these containers is for example 600 to 800 m 3 . Such a storage volume is sufficient to cover the gas demand for a severe winter day or the peak demand of several days in a gas central plant of medium size.
  • the expansion device 13 is formed in the illustrated embodiment of at least one expansion valve. A part of the second partial gas stream B is still in the gaseous state after the flow through the expansion device 13 and is used for further cooling of even at a higher pressure level gas of the second partial gas stream B.
  • the expansion device 13 is provided with a cooling device (heat exchanger device) 15 in which non-liquefied gas of the expanded second partial gas stream B is passed in countercurrent to the gas which is still at a higher pressure level. Subsequently, this part of the expanded second partial gas stream B used for cooling is preferably added to the expanded first partial gas stream A.
  • the cooling device 15 is connected to a pipeline 16, which conducts the relaxed first partial gas flow A, so that non-liquefied gas of the expanded second partial gas stream B is fed to the expanded first partial gas stream A.
  • the expansion valve 13 is preferably preceded by an expansion turbine 17 in order to extract additional enthalpy from the compressed second gas flow B.
  • the further expansion turbine 17 can - as shown - either be arranged on the same shaft 4 in order to integrate their energy in the overall energy balance of the device according to the invention, or it can drive a generator via another shaft.
  • the device according to the invention can be arbitrarily extended in terms of their storage capacity.
  • the apparatus sketched in FIG. 2 in turn comprises a dividing device 1 for dividing a gas stream supplied by means of a supply line (high-pressure line) into a first partial gas stream A and at least one second partial gas stream B.
  • the dividing device 1 comprises a fork (branch pipe), wherein the branches branch off into it High pressure lines 21, 22 each have a valve 1.1, 1.2 is integrated.
  • the valves 1.1 and 1.2 is assigned a common actuator 1.3.
  • the device has a plurality of turbine compressors 23, which are also referred to as a turbo compressor set.
  • Each turbine compressor (turbo compressor set) 23 comprises a compressor 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 or 3.4 and a turbine (expansion turbine) 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4, which are mechanically coupled to each other.
  • a turbine compressor (expansion turbine) 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 which are mechanically coupled to each other.
  • four turbine compressors 23 are connected in series, by way of example.
  • the partial gas flow A is gradually reduced in the turbines 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 of the turbo compressor sets 23. Before the partial gas flow A flows into the turbine of the respective turbo-compressor set, it is first heated by means of an upstream heat exchanger 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 respectively.
  • the construction volume of the turbines 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 increases in the flow direction of the gas to be expanded. The gas to be expanded thus flows through the turbines from that of a relatively compact turbine 2.1 to a relatively large-volume turbine 2.4.
  • the partial gas flow B in stages in the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 of the turbo compressor sets 23 compacted.
  • the construction volume of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 decreases in the flow direction of the gas to be compressed.
  • the gas to be compressed thus flows through the compressors from a relatively large-volume compressor 3.1 to a relatively compact compressor 3.4.
  • the temperature or heat energy of the partial gas stream B increases due to the compression.
  • a portion of the heat that arises in the partial gas stream B by the compression is dissipated by means of heat exchangers 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 and used to heat the partial gas stream A in the heat exchangers 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.
  • each of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, a heat exchanger 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 and 8.4 downstream the heat is delivered to one of the heat exchanger 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, which one of the turbines 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 or 2.4 is upstream and the heating of the partial gas stream A to be expanded is used.
  • the heat exchangers 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 and 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 form several cycles in groups.
  • four of the eight heat exchangers are each connected to two circuits.
  • the last compressor 3.4 in the series of compressors downstream heat exchanger 8.4 is connected to the heat exchanger 5.2, which is upstream of the second turbine 2.2 in the series of turbines.
  • the downstream of the penultimate compressor 3.3 in the series of compressors heat exchanger 8.3 is connected to the heat exchanger 5.1, which is connected upstream of the first turbine 2.1.
  • the compressed, cooled by heat removal gas partial flow B is relaxed by means of an expansion turbine 17 to a pressure which is in a range greater than 20 bar.
  • the temperature of the so relaxed gas partial stream B is in the range of about 5 to 8 ° C.
  • the expansion turbine 17 is a throttle 19 and a liquid separator 20 downstream for driving through the dew point.
  • the liquid separator 20 is followed by a heat exchanger 15 ', with which the gas partial stream B withdrew further heat.
  • the temperature of the partial gas stream B is after the heat exchanger 15 'just before the dew point of methane.
  • the compressed, cooled by heat removal partial gas flow B is relaxed so far that at least 10 to 30%, preferably more than 50% of the second partial gas stream B incurred in the liquid state.
  • the liquefaction takes place in several stages, for example in two stages.
  • a first expansion device 13 ' comprising a heat exchanger tube, a pressure vessel (boiler) 14' and at least one throttle 13.1
  • the expanded gas is present at a pressure in the range of 10 - 30 bar.
  • the gas is then expanded by the first expansion device 13 'into a second expansion device 13 ", which also comprises a heat exchanger tube, a boiler (container) 14 "and at least one throttle 13.2 In the boiler 14", the expanded gas has a pressure of about 1 bar.
  • the amounts of gas not liquefied during expansion are brought by means of at least one throttle 18 to a common pressure level and the heat exchanger 15 'fed where they the gas partial stream B - as mentioned above - withdraw more heat.
  • the non-liquefied gas quantities are compressed, so that they have the pressure level of a downstream distribution network, in which also the relaxed partial gas flow A is fed.
  • the liquefied fuel gas B f is finally discharged from the boiler (container) 14 ''.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP07114847A 2006-08-24 2007-08-23 Procédé et dispositif destinés à l'enregistrement de gaz combustible, en particulier de gaz naturel Active EP1892457B1 (fr)

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DE102006039616A DE102006039616B3 (de) 2006-08-24 2006-08-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Speicherung von Brenngas, insbesondere Erdgas

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CN103775239A (zh) * 2013-01-17 2014-05-07 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 近恒温压冷源热机
FR3002311A1 (fr) * 2013-02-20 2014-08-22 Cryostar Sas Dispositif de liquefaction de gaz, notamment de gaz naturel
RU2707349C1 (ru) * 2019-01-18 2019-11-26 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АПА-КАНДТ СИБИРЬ" (ООО "АПА-КАНДТ СИБИРЬ") Рекуперативный способ наполнения метаном баллонов высокого давления и устройство для его осуществления
CN113606499A (zh) * 2021-08-13 2021-11-05 上海氢枫能源技术有限公司 一种适用于加氢站的冷水机组及其使用方法
WO2022187781A1 (fr) * 2021-03-04 2022-09-09 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systèmes et procédés de liquéfaction de gaz naturel

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HUE025791T2 (en) * 2012-12-20 2016-05-30 Linde Ag Compression and cooling of gas

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US3857251A (en) * 1971-12-27 1974-12-31 Technigaz Lng storage tank vapor recovery by nitrogen cycle refrigeration with refrigeration make-up provided by separation of same vapor
GB1538477A (en) * 1975-05-28 1979-01-17 Gutehoffnungshuette Sterkrade Evaporation of liquified natural gas
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103775239A (zh) * 2013-01-17 2014-05-07 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 近恒温压冷源热机
FR3002311A1 (fr) * 2013-02-20 2014-08-22 Cryostar Sas Dispositif de liquefaction de gaz, notamment de gaz naturel
WO2014128408A3 (fr) * 2013-02-20 2015-07-16 Cryostar Sas Station d'abaissement de pression d'un gaz et de liquéfaction du gaz
CN105209841A (zh) * 2013-02-20 2015-12-30 克里奥斯塔股份有限公司 用于减小气体压力并且使气体液化的站
RU2680285C2 (ru) * 2013-02-20 2019-02-19 Криостар Сас Станция для снижения давления и сжижения газа
RU2707349C1 (ru) * 2019-01-18 2019-11-26 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АПА-КАНДТ СИБИРЬ" (ООО "АПА-КАНДТ СИБИРЬ") Рекуперативный способ наполнения метаном баллонов высокого давления и устройство для его осуществления
WO2022187781A1 (fr) * 2021-03-04 2022-09-09 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systèmes et procédés de liquéfaction de gaz naturel
CN113606499A (zh) * 2021-08-13 2021-11-05 上海氢枫能源技术有限公司 一种适用于加氢站的冷水机组及其使用方法

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DE102006039616B3 (de) 2008-04-03
EP1892457B1 (fr) 2009-01-14
ATE421068T1 (de) 2009-01-15

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