EP1891654B1 - Elektromagnetisches schaltgerät sowie verfahren zum betrieb des elektromagnetischen schaltgeräts - Google Patents

Elektromagnetisches schaltgerät sowie verfahren zum betrieb des elektromagnetischen schaltgeräts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1891654B1
EP1891654B1 EP05759034A EP05759034A EP1891654B1 EP 1891654 B1 EP1891654 B1 EP 1891654B1 EP 05759034 A EP05759034 A EP 05759034A EP 05759034 A EP05759034 A EP 05759034A EP 1891654 B1 EP1891654 B1 EP 1891654B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact carrier
switching device
stop
contact
electromagnetic switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05759034A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1891654A1 (de
Inventor
Norbert Mitlmeier
Diethard Runggaldier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1891654A1 publication Critical patent/EP1891654A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1891654B1 publication Critical patent/EP1891654B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2037—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit for preventing bouncing of the valve needle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01F2007/185—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits with armature position measurement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F2007/1894—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings minimizing impact energy on closure of magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0062—Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/048—Means for indicating condition of the switching device containing non-mechanical switch position sensor, e.g. HALL sensor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/44—Magnetic coils or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic switching device with the features according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating such a switching device according to claim 8.
  • a control or auxiliary current energizes the magnetic drive, which holds the movable and the fixed contact pieces in a power circuit contacted as long as the control current flows.
  • Such a switching device is also referred to in particular as a contactor.
  • the contact carrier accelerates due to the stored energies of the return means in the direction of the Ausanschlag, wherein in the embodiment as a contactor, the contact between the fixed and the movable contact pieces is opened. Due to the acceleration of the contact carrier beats at high speed on the Ausanschlag.
  • breaking capacity of a contactor designed as a switching device can be adversely affected by high rebound values and a concomitant short-term reduction in the contact opening. This can only be counteracted by keeping the turn-off speed low, which means that no short switching times can be achieved.
  • damping materials are known at Ausanschlag that dampen the attack. Disadvantageously, such damping materials have a limited life. Also, the enormous mechanical stress can be absorbed only insufficient. Also, the noise pollution can only be reduced within certain limits.
  • An electromagnetic switching device which measures the path-time behavior of a contact carrier with the aid of a magnetic field sensor and controls the current of the coil of the electromagnetic system as a function of the output signal of the magnetic field sensor.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic switching device of the type mentioned, which compared to conventional switching devices has an improved life and a lower noise level of the Ausanschlags.
  • the first object is achieved for an electromagnetic switching device with a number of fixed contact pieces, with a magnetic drive and with a magnetic drive against return means movable contact carrier on which a number of movable contact pieces is arranged, as well as with a Ausanschlag for the contact carrier, according to the invention solved by a Sensor for detecting the position of the contact carrier and by a control unit connected to the sensor, which controls the magnetic drive during a switch-off operation for braking the contact carrier before the stop on the Ausanschlag and / or controls.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that it is possible by detecting the position of the contact carrier to follow the movement of the contact carrier. In particular, it is then possible to control the movement of the contact carrier before striking the Ausanschlag.
  • the detection of the position of the contact carrier can be made directly on the contact carrier, on related parts such as the armature or by means of an attached to the moving parts with the contact carrier encoder.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that the magnetic drive is used in a switching device of the type mentioned for accelerating the contact carrier against the return means. If the magnetic drive is acted upon in a closed position with a control current, the armature and thus the contact carrier is accelerated against the return means. If the magnetic drive is turned off, the contact carrier accelerates as a result of the return means towards the Ausanschlag.
  • the invention recognizes now in a third step that the magnetic drive can be used selectively due to its effect of accelerating the contact carrier against the return means in a power-off phase also for braking the accelerated to the Ausanschlag contact carrier. Such a deceleration can be done for example by a short pulse of current to the magnetic drive, just before the contact carrier strikes the Ausanschlag.
  • the speed of the contact carrier can be slowed just before the Ausanschlag so that the contact carrier strikes the Ausanschlag with a speed that goes to zero.
  • a control unit is used which tracks the movement or position of the contact carrier by means of the position sensor and influences the speed of the contact carrier before impacting the end stop as a function of these sensor signals by means of the magnetic drive.
  • Suitable sensors are optical, magnetic, mechanical or capacitive sensors. Also, so-called proximity switches can be used, which work with sound, magnetic effects or capacitive. Also simple sliding contacts can be used.
  • the pulse transferred from the contact carrier to the stop and thus the mechanical load on the affected components is significantly reduced. This increases the life of the switching device. Furthermore, the acoustic pollution of the environment is significantly reduced.
  • the measure also has no negative effect on the Ausschaltverzugszeit, since the movement of the contact carrier is braked immediately before hitting the Ausanschlag.
  • the current pulses to the magnetic drive can be dimensioned so that the contact carrier is braked a few millimeters before the stop and gently impinges.
  • the Ausschaltt Wegprall can then be regarded as negligible. Elaborate mechanical designs to reduce knockout rebound are no longer required and are not subject to wear over their lifetime.
  • the magnetic drive comprises an electromagnetic closing coil and an armature which is connected to the contact carrier. If the closing coil is traversed by current, the armature and thus the contact carrier are moved toward the coil by the resulting magnetic field.
  • control unit provided to control the movement of the contact carrier during a turn-off operation is also used to open or close the contacts themselves, i. used to control the control current for the magnetic drive. It is then required for the switching device, only a single control unit that controls both the turn-on and turn-off and the movement of the contact carrier before hitting the Ausanschlag.
  • Magnetic or electrical means can be used as restoring means in principle.
  • mechanical return means in particular return springs used. These are inexpensive and have proven themselves.
  • Mechanical restoring springs can be used both in compression and in tension.
  • a permanent magnet is used as the acceleration means.
  • the use of a permanent magnet for example, at the Ausanschlag, it is possible, after switching off the magnetic drive, an increase in the force acting on the contact carrier restoring force in Direction to reach the Ausanschlag out. This increases the switch-off or contact opening speed of the switching device.
  • an electromagnetic opening coil can be used. This can be used by controlling the current flowing through it to accelerate the contact carrier.
  • the contact carrier for example, be mounted on the armature, in particular the armature back, Magnetpol lake.
  • a coil offers over a permanent magnet the advantage that the acceleration of the contact carrier is regulated or controllable.
  • control unit already used for braking the contact carrier is also used to control or control the opening coil.
  • the position of the contact carrier detected and the magnetic drive is controlled or regulated so that is slowed down during a turn-off of the contact carrier before the attack on the Ausanschlag.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a switching device 1 with a movable contact carrier 4 and provided for moving the contact carrier 4 magnetic drive 6.
  • the contact carrier 4 has contact piece carrier 8, sitting on the ends of movable contact pieces 9.
  • the front fixed contacts 12 and the rear fixed contacts are integrated into a circuit to be switched power circuit.
  • the power circuit is open; the movable contact pieces 9 are not contacted with the fixed contact pieces 12.
  • the contact carrier 4 rests on the Ausanschlag 14.
  • the movable contact pieces 9 contact the front fixed contacts 12 with the not shown fixed rear contact pieces, whereby a power circuit is closed.
  • the movable contact pieces 9 are effectively connected as a bridge in the power circuit.
  • the magnetic drive 6 electromagnetic closing coils 16 and a metallic yoke 18 for closing the magnetic field lines. If a control current is passed through the closing coils 16, the armature 20 and with it the contact carrier 4 firmly connected thereto are pulled downwards in the direction of the closing coils 16 by the resulting magnetic field.
  • This movement of the contact carrier 4 act as a return means to the contact piece carrier 8 arranged mechanical main contact springs 22 and the contact carrier 4 directly applied mechanical return springs 23 against.
  • only one main contact spring 22 and one return pressure spring 23 are drawn.
  • the main contact springs 22 are stretched and the return springs 23 compressed, with the necessary for the opening process potential spring energy is stored.
  • a control unit 25 which comprises a rectifier 27, a microcontroller 29 and a power module 30.
  • the rectifier 27 is connected to an AC voltage.
  • the power supply unit 30 outputs the control current flowing via the closing coils 16.
  • the control unit 25 controls the switch-on and switch-off operation of the switching device 1 via the control current.
  • the microcontroller 29 is connected to a position sensor 32 which detects the position of the contact carrier 4 by means of a sensor sensor 33.
  • the sensor slider 33 is attached to the contact carrier 4.
  • the position sensor 32 is designed as an optical sensor which monitors the position of the contact carrier 4 via markings affixed on the sensor carrier 33.
  • the contact carrier 4 accelerates towards the stop 14.
  • the microcontroller 29 monitors the position of the contact carrier 4 by means of the position sensor 32. If a preset position in the immediate vicinity is detected in front of the stop 14, the control unit 25 outputs one or more current pulses to the closing coils 16, whereby the contact carrier 4 is decelerated.
  • the control unit 25 outputs one or more current pulses to the closing coils 16, whereby the contact carrier 4 is decelerated.
  • FIG. 2 shows a switching device 2, which is opposite to in FIG. 1 switching device 1 additionally shown laterally of the magnetic drive 6 arranged permanent magnet 35 has.
  • the main contact springs 22 and return springs 23 used as return means are no longer shown for the sake of clarity.
  • a fixed magnetic yoke 36 is disposed on the permanent magnet 35.
  • the contact carrier 4 interacts with the permanent magnets 35 interacting magnetic pole surfaces 38.
  • the magnetic pole surfaces 38 and the permanent magnets 35 are aligned such that between them a repulsive interaction arises.
  • the sensor slider 33 is extended beyond the magnetic yoke 36 addition.
  • the armature 20 When switched on, the armature 20 abuts the magnetic drive 6.
  • the fixed contact pieces 12 are contacted with the movable contact pieces 9.
  • the contact carrier 4 accelerates towards the stop 14 due to the energy stored in the main contact springs 22 and the return springs 23.
  • the contact carrier 4 is now accelerated by the repulsive magnetic interaction between the magnetic pole faces 38 and the permanent magnets 35. As a result, the opening speed of the contacts is increased or the Ausschaltverzugszeit of the switching device 2 against the switching device 1 further reduced.
  • the permanent magnets 35 are replaced by arranged around the magnetic yoke 36 electromagnetic opening coils 40.
  • the opening coils 40 are connected to the power unit 30 of the control unit 25.
  • the construction of the switching device 3 allows controlled or controlled acceleration of the turn-off operation by driving the opening coils 40 by the control unit 25.
  • a further increase of the Ausschaltverzugszeit or the contact opening time can be achieved.
  • the movement of the contact carrier 4 can be gently braked.
  • FIG. 4 are for the switching device 3 in a simplified diagram - plotted against time - the current 45 of a closing coil 16, the current 47 of an opening coil 40 and the velocity curve 49 of the contact carrier 4 during the turn-off.
  • the contacts are closed.
  • the closing coil 16 is a control current.
  • the opening coil 40 is not driven.
  • the contact carrier 4 rests.
  • the control current of the closing coil 16 is switched off.
  • the opening coil 40 is acted upon in section 52 with a control current.
  • the control current of the opening coil 40 is gradually reduced.
  • the control current of the opening coil 40 is turned off.
  • the force acting on the contact carrier 4 by the mechanical return means decreases with increasing distance. In the example shown, this force is not sufficient after switching off the control current of the opening coil 40 in order to maintain the achieved speed.
  • the speed of the contact carrier 4 decreases.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
EP05759034A 2005-06-16 2005-06-16 Elektromagnetisches schaltgerät sowie verfahren zum betrieb des elektromagnetischen schaltgeräts Not-in-force EP1891654B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2005/001082 WO2006133659A1 (de) 2005-06-16 2005-06-16 Elektromagnetisches schaltgerät sowie verfahren zum betrieb des elektromagnetischen schaltgeräts

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1891654A1 EP1891654A1 (de) 2008-02-27
EP1891654B1 true EP1891654B1 (de) 2010-08-11

Family

ID=35953798

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05759034A Not-in-force EP1891654B1 (de) 2005-06-16 2005-06-16 Elektromagnetisches schaltgerät sowie verfahren zum betrieb des elektromagnetischen schaltgeräts

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7933109B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1891654B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101203931B (zh)
AT (1) ATE477582T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE502005010094D1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2006133659A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010041214A1 (de) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgerät sowie Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Schaltgeräts

Families Citing this family (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE504973T1 (de) * 2007-09-03 2011-04-15 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur auslaufsteuerung einer asynchronmaschine
DE102008046374B3 (de) * 2008-09-09 2009-12-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgerät
CN101814398A (zh) * 2009-02-24 2010-08-25 施耐德电器工业公司 交流接触器及其控制方法
EP2244094B1 (de) * 2009-04-22 2011-11-09 Omicron electronics GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Überprüfen eines Schaltvorgangs eines elektrischen Schalters
EP2551881B1 (en) * 2011-07-25 2017-05-24 ABB Schweiz AG Actuator for a circuit breaker
RU2636656C1 (ru) * 2013-11-12 2017-11-27 Абб Текнолоджи Лтд Способ для управления контакторным устройством и блок управления
DE102015216172A1 (de) * 2015-08-25 2017-03-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Einrichtung und Verfahren zum elektrischen Schalten mit einem magnetischen Bewegungsdämpfer
EP3301700B1 (en) * 2016-09-29 2023-03-29 ABB Schweiz AG A medium voltage contactor
CN108817737A (zh) * 2018-06-05 2018-11-16 河北工程大学 带净化装置的电焊设备
DE102020124802A1 (de) * 2020-09-23 2022-03-24 Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh Schaltanordnung und Verfahren zum Messen einer Position einer Kontaktbrücke in einer Schaltanordnung

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US5406440A (en) * 1992-05-01 1995-04-11 Allen-Bradley Company, Inc. Soft-closure electrical contactor
JPH0973849A (ja) 1995-06-30 1997-03-18 Copal Electron Co Ltd 電磁継電器
US6041667A (en) * 1997-07-31 2000-03-28 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Method of operating an electromagnetic actuator with consideration of the armature motion
DE19825732C2 (de) 1997-07-31 2002-06-27 Fev Motorentech Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektromagnetischen Aktuators unter Berücksichtigung der Ankerbewegung
DE59910632D1 (de) * 1998-07-17 2004-11-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Verfahren zur Bewegungssteuerung eines Ankers eines elektromagnetischen Aktuators
KR100470426B1 (ko) * 1999-07-12 2005-02-05 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 전자 접촉기
EP1234316B1 (de) 1999-12-03 2004-10-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektromagnetisches schaltgerät mit gesteuertem antrieb sowie zugehörig ein verfahren und eine schaltung
DE10010756A1 (de) 2000-03-04 2001-09-06 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren zur Regelung des Bewegungsverlaufs eines Ankers
US6693787B2 (en) * 2002-03-14 2004-02-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Control algorithm for soft-landing in electromechanical actuators
CN1200443C (zh) 2003-05-14 2005-05-04 西安交通大学 降低双线圈双稳态永磁机构接触器触头材料损耗的方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010041214A1 (de) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgerät sowie Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Schaltgeräts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101203931A (zh) 2008-06-18
US20080192402A1 (en) 2008-08-14
ATE477582T1 (de) 2010-08-15
CN101203931B (zh) 2012-04-04
US7933109B2 (en) 2011-04-26
DE502005010094D1 (de) 2010-09-23
EP1891654A1 (de) 2008-02-27
WO2006133659A1 (de) 2006-12-21

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