EP1884969A2 - Switch for direct and alternating current operation - Google Patents
Switch for direct and alternating current operation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1884969A2 EP1884969A2 EP07012610A EP07012610A EP1884969A2 EP 1884969 A2 EP1884969 A2 EP 1884969A2 EP 07012610 A EP07012610 A EP 07012610A EP 07012610 A EP07012610 A EP 07012610A EP 1884969 A2 EP1884969 A2 EP 1884969A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- arc
- contact
- contactor
- contact point
- adjacent
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/14—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
- H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a contactor for DC and AC operation with at least one contact point with a fixed contact and a movable contact, at least one adjacent to the contact point arranged permanent magnet for generating a permanent magnetic blowing field and at least one adjacent to the contact point arranged coil for generating an electromagnetic blow field Blowing a resulting arc when opening the contact point in at least one extinguishing device.
- Such contactors are used for example in railway operation for switching loads and for interrupting circuits with high currents or high voltages.
- switching operation i.
- an arc is created between the fixed contact and the movable contact.
- This arc maintains the flow of current between the contacts.
- the arc releases a large amount of heat, which leads to the burning of the contacts and thus reduces the life of the contactor.
- the entire area affected by the influence of the arc is subject to very high thermal loads. It is therefore a quick extinction of the arc required.
- a contactor for use in DC operation with a constant current direction usually has permanent magnetic blast fields, which are arranged so that their field direction is perpendicular to the arc.
- the Blasfelder practice a force on the arc, the Lorenzkraft, through which the arc is driven in the direction of a quenching device.
- a circuit breaker in which a permanent magnet and a coil for generating a blowing field are combined.
- the contact or interruption point of the circuit breaker comprises a fixed contact which is connected to a first supply line and a movable contact which is connected via a stranded wire to a second supply line.
- a permanent magnet and a blow coil are arranged, wherein the blow coil is connected to the same supply line as the movable contact.
- the resulting arc is blown over the blowing field generated by the permanent magnet in the direction of the catching shoe and jumps over to this. Since the fishing boot is electrically connected to the coil, this activates the coil. The coil then builds up an electromagnetic blowing field that blows the arc into an arc quenching device.
- a disadvantage of this circuit breaker is that the movable contact with a flexible strand must be connected to the supply line and has a large opening stroke.
- the fishing boot has a complex geometry and must surround the movable contact on at least two opposite sides.
- a contactor which can be used for DC operation, bidirectional DC and AC operation and a rapid arc extinction, excluding a critical current range causes.
- a structurally simple structure and thus an economical production must be considered.
- the invention provides that the contactor has at least one further contact point, wherein the movable contacts are arranged on a contact bridge, adjacent to each contact point at least one permanent magnet is arranged and the two contact points associated permanent magnets are polarized in the opposite direction.
- an arc guide plate is arranged adjacent to each contact point and isolated from the fixed contacts, and the respective blow coil is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the respective fixed contact and the respective arc guide plate.
- the coils are activated only when the resulting arcs when opening the contact points, driven by the strong permanent magnetic Blasfeldem, skip from the fixed contacts on the arc guide. As a result, a comparatively small dimensioning of the coils is possible and overheating is avoided.
- pole plates arranged adjacent to the contact points may be associated with the permanent magnets.
- the pole plates produce an enlarged, uniform permanent-magnetic blow field, which acts primarily in the area of the contact points. On the arcs that arise when opening the contacts so immediately affect the permanent magnetic blowing fields and drive the arcs quickly from the contact points. Contact erosion is thus reduced.
- the bladder coils are assigned pole plates and these pole plates are arranged adjacent to the arc guide plates.
- the coils are only activated when the arcs jump over the arc guide plates after passing through the permanent magnetic areas.
- the polar plates of the coils form a homogeneous electromagnetic blowing field in the area of the arc guide plates and in the arc extinguishing area. The arcs located on the arc guide plates are thus driven away from the permanent magnetic areas independently of the direction of the current and stretched.
- exactly one extinguishing device is arranged adjacent to the arc guide plates. About the Blasfelder the arcs are driven into the extinguishing device and stretched there and cooled and thus extinguished.
- the quenching device may be, for example, quenching plates or ceramic bodies arranged parallel to one another. Since, depending on the current direction, the arcs of both contact points are blown into the same extinguishing device, a space-saving design of the contactor is possible.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the interior of a contactor 1 is shown.
- the contactor comprises two contact points 2, 3 each having a fixed contact 4, 5 and a respective movable contact 6, 7.
- the movable contacts 6, 7 are arranged on a common contact bridge 8.
- the contact bridge 8 can be moved by a magnetic drive (not shown) and transferred from a closed position in which the movable contacts 6, 7, the fixed contacts 4, 5, in an open position. In the open position, the movable contacts 6, 7 are separated from the fixed contacts 4, 5.
- the arc guide plates 9, 10 are each insulated by an air gap 11, 12 of the fixed contacts 4, 5.
- the permanent magnets 13, 14 are mounted so that their magnetic field perpendicular to the arcs 15, 16 resulting from the opening of the contact points 2, 3 extends.
- the direction of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 13 arranged at the contact point 2 is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 14 arranged at the contact point 3.
- the contactor 1 further comprises two coils 17, 18 which are arranged adjacent to the permanent magnets 13, 14.
- the coil 17 is electrically connected to the fixed contact 4 of the contact point 2 and the arc guide plate 9 arranged adjacent thereto.
- the coil 18 is electrically conductively connected to the fixed contact 5 of the contact point 3 and the arc guide plate 10.
- the Lichtbogenleitbleche 9, 10 are shaped so that they adjacent to the contact points 2, 3 form a Lichtbogenleitschacht 19 which is substantially perpendicular to the contact bridge 8 and through which the arcs 15, 16 are blown through the Blasfelder of the coils 17, 18. Following this arc duct 19, the arc guide plates 9, 10 extend. Adjacent to the arc guide plates 9, 10, an arc quenching device 24 is arranged.
- the arranged at the contact point 2 permanent magnet 13 is associated with a Polplattencover 20, wherein the two pole plates are on opposite sides of the contact bridge 8. Since the contact point 3 is formed essentially analogously to the contact point 2, the permanent magnet 14 is likewise a pole plate pair 21 assigned, the pole plates are located on opposite sides of the contact bridge 8. In Fig. 1, only one pole plate of the pole plate pairs 20, 21 can be seen for each contact point 2, 3.
- the pole plates of the pole plate pairs 20, 21 are made of magnetizable material and are polarized by the permanent magnets 13 and the permanent magnets 14 and thus produce a homogeneous permanent magnetic blowing field.
- the pole plate pairs 20, 21 are designed so that the magnetic fields generated by them penetrate the region of the contact points 2, 3.
- the coil 17 and the coil 18 is each associated with a Polplattencru 22 and a Polplattencru 23.
- the pole plates of the pole plate pairs 22, 23 are shaped in such a way that, above all, they extend over the region of the arc guide shaft 19 and the arc guide plates 9, 10. Since the coils 17, 18 are only activated when the first arc root jumps over to one of the arc guide plates 9, 10, the electromagnetic blowing fields must act primarily in this area.
- Fig. 1 the contactor is shown in the opening moment. Via the magnetic drive (not shown), the contact bridge 8 is moved downward, so that the movable contacts 6, 7 arranged thereon are separated from the fixed contacts 4, 5.
- the arcs 15, 16 produced by the permanent magnet 13 and the pole plates 20 and the permanent magnetic blown field generated by the oppositely polarized permanent magnet 14 and the pole plates 21 act immediately on the arcs 15, 16 ,
- the circuit in the contactor 1 is now still closed, the current from the fixed contact 4 via the coil 17, the arc guide plate 9, the arc 16, the arc guide plate 10 and the coil 18 to the fixed contact 5 flows.
- the coil 17 is now activated and also generates an electromagnetic blow field.
- the arc 16 is blown out of the arc guide shaft 19 and expands on the arc guide plates 9, 10 until it is finally extinguished in the arc quenching device 24.
- the electromagnetic blow field of the coil 18 is insufficient to achieve the skipping of the second arc root of the arc 16 from the contact bridge 8 to the arc guide plate 9.
- the arc 15 does not go out in this case initially and burns in series to arc 16 on.
- the arc 15 is stretched in this case by the permanent magnetic blowing field of the permanent magnet 13 continues to extinction. As soon as the arc 15 has been extinguished, the arc 16 is also extinguished.
- the permanent magnet 13 thus advantageously contributes to the control of the critical current range.
- the contactor 1 can also be used for alternating current operation, since the jump of an arc 15, 16 to the arc guide surface 9, 10 one of the coils 17, 18 is activated, which generates an electromagnetic blowing field whose direction changes with the current direction and thus always leads to it in that the corresponding arc 15, 16 is driven into the extinguishing device 24 and extinguished there.
- the permanent magnets 13, 14 are selected so that either the arc 15 or the Arc 16 in AC operation during a half-wave to the respective arc guide plate 9, 10 is blown and the corresponding coil 17, 18 is activated. If the current direction changes at the next half-wave, the direction of the electromagnetic blowing field also reverses and the arc continues to be blown in the direction of the arc-quenching device 24.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schütz für Gleichstrom- und Wechselstrombetrieb mit mindestens einer Kontaktstelle mit einem Festkontakt und einem beweglichen Kontakt, mindestens einem benachbart zu der Kontaktstelle angeordneten Permanentmagneten zur Erzeugung eines permanentmagnetischen Blasfelds und mindestens einer benachbart zur Kontaktstelle angeordneten Spule zur Erzeugung eines elektromagnetischen Blasfelds, zur Blasung eines beim Öffnen der Kontaktstelle entstehenden Lichtbogens in mindestens eine Löscheinrichtung.The invention relates to a contactor for DC and AC operation with at least one contact point with a fixed contact and a movable contact, at least one adjacent to the contact point arranged permanent magnet for generating a permanent magnetic blowing field and at least one adjacent to the contact point arranged coil for generating an electromagnetic blow field Blowing a resulting arc when opening the contact point in at least one extinguishing device.
Solche Schütze werden beispielsweise im Bahnbetrieb zum Schalten von Lasten und zur Unterbrechung von Stromkreisen mit großen Strömen bzw. hohen Spannungen eingesetzt. Bei dem Schaltvorgang, d.h. beim Öffnen der Kontaktstellen, entsteht ein Lichtbogen zwischen dem Festkontakt und dem beweglichen Kontakt. Durch diesen Lichtbogen wird der Stromfluss zwischen den Kontakten aufrecht erhalten. Zudem wird durch den Lichtbogen eine große Wärmemenge freigesetzt, die zum Abbrennen der Kontakte führt und somit die Lebensdauer des Schützes verringert. Darüber hinaus wird der gesamte vom Lichtbogeneinfluss betroffene Gerätebereich thermisch sehr stark belastet. Es ist daher eine schnelle Löschung des Lichtbogens erforderlich.Such contactors are used for example in railway operation for switching loads and for interrupting circuits with high currents or high voltages. In the switching operation, i. When opening the contact points, an arc is created between the fixed contact and the movable contact. This arc maintains the flow of current between the contacts. In addition, the arc releases a large amount of heat, which leads to the burning of the contacts and thus reduces the life of the contactor. In addition, the entire area affected by the influence of the arc is subject to very high thermal loads. It is therefore a quick extinction of the arc required.
Je nach Anwendungsfall sind verschiedenen Methoden zur Lichtbogenlöschung bekannt: Ein Schütz für den Einsatz im Gleichstrombetrieb mit gleich bleibender Stromrichtung weist üblicherweise permanentmagnetische Blasfelder auf, die so angeordnet sind, dass ihre Feldrichtung senkrecht zu dem Lichtbogen verläuft. Die Blasfelder üben auf den Lichtbogen eine Kraft, die Lorenzkraft, aus durch die der Lichtbogen in Richtung einer Löscheinrichtung getrieben wird.Depending on the application, various methods for arc quenching are known: A contactor for use in DC operation with a constant current direction usually has permanent magnetic blast fields, which are arranged so that their field direction is perpendicular to the arc. The Blasfelder practice a force on the arc, the Lorenzkraft, through which the arc is driven in the direction of a quenching device.
Für bidirektionalen Gleichstrombetrieb, wie er beispielsweise bei der Rekuperation aus dem Straßenbahnbereich oder bei ICEs mit mehreren, abwechselnd aktiven Stromabnehmern bekannt ist, und für den Wechselstrombetrieb können aufgrund der wechselnden Stromrichtung der Lichtbögen keine rein-permanentmagnetischen Felder eingesetzt werden. In diesen Bereichen ist daher der Einsatz von so genannten Blasenspulen üblich, die ein elektromagnetisches Blasfeld erzeugen, dessen Feldrichtung durch die Stromrichtung bestimmt wird. Unabhängig von der Stromrichtung wird dadurch in jedem Fall eine korrekt gerichtete Kraftwirkung auf den Lichtbogen erzielt.For bidirectional DC operation, as it is known, for example, in the recuperation from the tram area or ICEs with multiple alternately active pantographs, and for AC operation can be used due to the alternating current direction of the arcs no purely permanent magnetic fields. In these areas, therefore, the use of so-called bubble coils is common, which generate an electromagnetic blow field whose field direction is determined by the current direction. Regardless of the current direction, a correctly directed force effect on the arc is achieved in each case.
Der Einsatz von Spulen zieht allerdings eine Reihe von Nachteilen mit sich. Wird die Spule dauerhaft von hohen Strömen durchflossen, wie diese im Bahnbereich üblich sind, so tritt eine starke Erwärmung auf. Es ist daher bekannt, die Spule erst im Abschaltmoment zu aktivieren. Allerdings baut die Spule das elektromagnetische Blasfeld mit zeitlicher Verzögerung (e-Funktion) auf, wodurch die Verweilzeit des Lichtbogens in der Kontaktrone des Schützes verlängert wird.However, the use of coils involves a number of disadvantages. If the coil is permanently flowed through by high currents, as they are common in the railway sector, then a strong warming occurs. It is therefore known to activate the coil only at Abschaltmoment. However, the coil builds up the electromagnetic blowing field with a time delay (e-function), which increases the residence time of the arc in the contactor of the contactor.
Bei kleinen Strömen hingegen wird durch die Spule nur ein geringes Blasfeld aufgebaut. Es kann daher vorkommen, dass das Blasfeld nicht ausreicht, um den Lichtbogen in die Löscheinrichtung zu treiben und eine Löschung herbeizuführen (kritischer Strombereich).For small currents, on the other hand, only a small blown field is created by the coil. It may therefore happen that the blower field is not sufficient to drive the arc into the extinguishing device and bring about a deletion (critical current range).
Aus der
Nachteilig an diesem Schutzschalter ist, dass der bewegliche Kontakt mit einer flexiblen Litze mit der Zuleitung verbunden werden muss und einen großen Öffnungshub aufweist. Zudem weist der Fangschuh eine komplexe Geometrie auf und muss den beweglichen Kontakt an mindestens zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten umgeben.A disadvantage of this circuit breaker is that the movable contact with a flexible strand must be connected to the supply line and has a large opening stroke. In addition, the fishing boot has a complex geometry and must surround the movable contact on at least two opposite sides.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Schütz bereitzustellen, der für Gleichstrombetrieb, bidirektionalen Gleichstrom- und Wechselstrombetrieb einsetzbar ist und eine schnelle Lichtbogenlöschung unter Ausschluss eines kritischen Strombereichs bewirkt. Dabei muss ein konstruktiv einfacher Aufbau und damit eine wirtschaftliche Herstellung berücksichtigt werden.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a contactor, which can be used for DC operation, bidirectional DC and AC operation and a rapid arc extinction, excluding a critical current range causes. Here, a structurally simple structure and thus an economical production must be considered.
Hierzu ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass der Schütz mindestens eine weitere Kontaktstelle aufweist, wobei die beweglichen Kontakte auf einer Kontaktbrücke angeordnet sind, benachbart zu jeder Kontaktstelle mindestens ein Permanentmagnet angeordnet ist und die den beiden Kontaktstellen zugeordneten Permanentmagneten in entgegengesetzter Richtung polarisiert sind.For this purpose, the invention provides that the contactor has at least one further contact point, wherein the movable contacts are arranged on a contact bridge, adjacent to each contact point at least one permanent magnet is arranged and the two contact points associated permanent magnets are polarized in the opposite direction.
Durch diese Permanentmagneten werden im Bereich der beiden Kontaktstellen permanentmagnetische Blasfelder erzeugt, die in entgegengesetzte Richtungen polarisiert sind. Auf die beiden beim Öffnen der Kontaktstellen entstehenden Lichtbögen wirken also sofort permanentmagnetische Blasfelder. Da die Stromrichtung des Lichtbogens an der ersten Kontaktstelle entgegengesetzt zur Stromrichtung des Lichtbogens an der zweiten Kontaktstelle ist, werden die beiden Lichtbögen von den beiden permanentmagnetischen Blasfeldem in die gleiche Richtung getrieben. Somit wird erreicht, dass unabhängig von der Stromrichtung immer einer der Lichtbögen durch die permanentmagnetischen Blasfelder in Richtung der elektromagnetischen Blasbereiche und der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung geblasen wird.By means of these permanent magnets, permanent magnetic blowing fields are generated in the region of the two contact points which are polarized in opposite directions. On the two resulting when opening the contact points arcs so immediately act permanent magnetic blowing fields. Since the current direction of the arc at the first contact point is opposite to the current direction of the arc at the second contact point, the two arcs are driven by the two permanent magnetic Blasfeldem in the same direction. It is thus achieved that, irrespective of the current direction, one of the arcs is always blown through the permanent magnetic blowing fields in the direction of the electromagnetic blowing regions and the arc extinguishing device.
Da zwei bewegliche Kontakte vorgesehen sind, ist nur ein halber Öffnungshub im Vergleich zu einer Einzelunterbrechung erforderlich. Auf eine aufwändige und raumbeanspruchende Mechanik zur Vergrößerung des Arbeitshubs des Magnetantriebs kann daher verzeichnet werden. Durch die Anordnung der beweglichen Kontakte auf der Kontaktbrücke wird eine geradlinige Öffnungsbewegung ermöglicht, auf eine flexible Litze kann verzichtet werden.Since two movable contacts are provided, only half an opening stroke is required compared to a single break. An elaborate and space-consuming mechanism to increase the power stroke of the magnetic drive can therefore be recorded. The arrangement of the movable contacts on the contact bridge a rectilinear opening movement is made possible, on a flexible strand can be omitted.
In einer Ausführungsform kann vorgesehen werden, dass benachbart zu jeder Kontaktstelle und isoliert von den Festkontakten je ein Lichtbogenleitblech angeordnet ist und die jeweilige Blasspule elektrisch leitend mit dem jeweiligen Festkontakt und dem jeweiligen Lichtbogenleitblech verbunden ist. Die Spulen werden erst aktiviert, wenn die beim Öffnen der Kontaktstellen entstehenden Lichtbögen, getrieben von dem starken permanentmagnetischen Blasfeldem, von den Festkontakten auf die Lichtbogenleitbleche überspringen. Dadurch ist eine vergleichsweise kleine Dimensionierung der Spulen möglich und Überhitzung wird vermieden.In one embodiment it can be provided that an arc guide plate is arranged adjacent to each contact point and isolated from the fixed contacts, and the respective blow coil is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the respective fixed contact and the respective arc guide plate. The coils are activated only when the resulting arcs when opening the contact points, driven by the strong permanent magnetic Blasfeldem, skip from the fixed contacts on the arc guide. As a result, a comparatively small dimensioning of the coils is possible and overheating is avoided.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform können den Permanentmagneten benachbart zu den Kontaktstellen angeordnete Polbleche zugeordnet sein. Durch die Polbleche wird ein vergrößertes, gleichmäßiges permanentmagnetisches Blasfeld erzeugt, das vor allem im Bereich der Kontaktstellen wirkt. Auf die beim Öffnen der Kontakte entstehenden Lichtbögen wirken also sofort die permanentmagnetischen Blasfelder ein und treiben die Lichtbögen schnell aus den Kontaktstellen. Kontaktabbrand wird so vermindert.According to a further embodiment, pole plates arranged adjacent to the contact points may be associated with the permanent magnets. The pole plates produce an enlarged, uniform permanent-magnetic blow field, which acts primarily in the area of the contact points. On the arcs that arise when opening the contacts so immediately affect the permanent magnetic blowing fields and drive the arcs quickly from the contact points. Contact erosion is thus reduced.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen werden, dass den Blasspulen Polbleche zugeordnet sind und diese Polbleche benachbart zu den Lichtbogenleitblechen angeordnet sind. Die Spulen werden erst aktiviert, wenn die Lichtbögen nach Durchlaufen der permanentmagnetischen Bereiche auf die Lichtbogenleitbleche überspringen. Durch die Polbleche der Spulen wird ein homogenes elektromagnetisches Blasfeld im Bereich der Lichtbogenleitbleche und im Lichtbogenlöschbereich aufgebaut. Die auf den Lichtbogenleitblechen befindlichen Lichtbögen werden also stromrichtungsunabhängig von den permanentmagnetischen Bereichen weggetrieben und gestreckt.Furthermore, it can be provided that the bladder coils are assigned pole plates and these pole plates are arranged adjacent to the arc guide plates. The coils are only activated when the arcs jump over the arc guide plates after passing through the permanent magnetic areas. The polar plates of the coils form a homogeneous electromagnetic blowing field in the area of the arc guide plates and in the arc extinguishing area. The arcs located on the arc guide plates are thus driven away from the permanent magnetic areas independently of the direction of the current and stretched.
Gemäß einer weiteren Variante ist benachbart zu den Lichtbogenleitblechen genau eine Löscheinrichtung angeordnet. Über die Blasfelder werden die Lichtbögen in die Löscheinrichtung getrieben und dort gestreckt und gekühlt und somit zum Erlöschen gebracht. Bei der Löscheinrichtung kann es sich beispielsweise um parallel nebeneinander angeordnet Löschbleche oder Keramikkörper handeln. Da, je nach Stromrichtung, die Lichtbögen beider Kontaktstellen in die gleiche Löschvorrichtung geblasen werden, ist ein Platz sparender Aufbau des Schützes möglich.According to a further variant, exactly one extinguishing device is arranged adjacent to the arc guide plates. About the Blasfelder the arcs are driven into the extinguishing device and stretched there and cooled and thus extinguished. The quenching device may be, for example, quenching plates or ceramic bodies arranged parallel to one another. Since, depending on the current direction, the arcs of both contact points are blown into the same extinguishing device, a space-saving design of the contactor is possible.
Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung naher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- perspektivische Teilansicht eines Schützes im Schnitt im Öffnungsmoment,
- Fig. 2
- perspektivische Teilansicht eines Schützes im Schnitt nach Aktivierung der ersten Blasspule,
- Fig. 3
- perspektivische Teilansicht eines Schützes im Schnitt nach Aktivierung der zweiten Blasspule.
- Fig. 1
- partial perspective view of a contactor in section at the moment of opening,
- Fig. 2
- partial perspective view of a contactor in section after activation of the first blow coil,
- Fig. 3
- partial perspective view of a contactor in section after activation of the second blower coil.
In Fig. 1 ist eine perspektivische Ansicht des Inneren eines Schützes 1 dargestellt. Der Schütz umfasst zwei Kontaktstellen 2, 3 mit jeweils einem Festkontakt 4, 5 und je einem beweglichen Kontakt 6, 7. Die beweglichen Kontakte 6, 7 sind auf einer gemeinsamen Kontaktbrücke 8 angeordnet. Die Kontaktbrücke 8 kann über einen Magnetantrieb (nicht dargestellt) bewegt werden und von einer Schließstellung, in der die beweglichen Kontakte 6, 7 die Festkontakte 4, 5 berühren, in eine Offenstellung überführt werden. In der Offenstellung sind die beweglichen Kontakte 6, 7 von den Festkontakten 4, 5 getrennt. Benachbart zu den Festkontakten 4, 5 ist an jeder Kontaktstelle 2, 3 ein Lichtbogenleitblech 9, 10 angeordnet. Die Lichtbogenleitbleche 9, 10 sind durch je einen Luftspalt 11, 12 von den Festkontakten 4, 5 isoliert. An jeder Kontaktstelle 2, 3 ist weiterhin mindestens ein Permanentmagnet 13, 14 angeordnet. Die Permanentmagneten 13, 14 sind dabei so angebracht, dass ihr Magnetfeld senkrecht zu den beim Öffnen der Kontaktstellen 2, 3 entstehenden Lichtbögen 15, 16 verläuft. Dabei ist die Richtung des Magnetfelds des an der Kontaktstelle 2 angeordneten Permanentmagneten 13 entgegengesetzt zu der Richtung des Magnetfelds des an der Kontaktstelle 3 angeordneten Permanentmagneten 14.In Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the interior of a contactor 1 is shown. The contactor comprises two
Der Schütz 1 umfasst weiterhin zwei Spulen 17, 18 die benachbart zu den Permanentmagneten 13, 14 angeordnet sind. Die Spule 17 ist dabei elektrisch leitend mit dem Festkontakt 4 der Kontaktstelle 2 und dem benachbart dazu angeordneten Lichtbogenleitblech 9 verbunden. Ebenso ist die Spule 18 elektrisch leitend mit dem Festkontakt 5 der Kontaktstelle 3 sowie dem Lichtbogenleitblech 10 verbunden.The contactor 1 further comprises two
Die Lichtbogenleitbleche 9, 10 sind so geformt, dass sie benachbart zu den Kontaktstellen 2, 3 einen Lichtbogenleitschacht 19 bilden, der im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Kontaktbrücke 8 verläuft und durch den die Lichtbögen 15, 16 durch die Blasfelder der Spulen 17, 18 durchgeblasen werden. Im Anschluss an diesen Lichtbogenleitschacht 19 weiten sich die Lichtbogenleitbleche 9, 10. Benachbart zu den Lichtbogenleitblechen 9, 10 ist eine Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 24 angeordnet.The
Den an der Kontaktstelle 2 angeordneten Permanentmagneten 13 ist ein Polplattenpaar 20 zugeordnet, wobei sich die beiden Polplatten auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Kontaktbrücke 8 befinden. Da die Kontaktstelle 3 im Wesentlichen analog zur Kontaktstelle 2 ausgebildet ist, ist dem Permanentmagneten 14 ebenfalls ein Polplattenpaar 21 zugeordnet, dessen Polplatten sich auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Kontaktbrücke 8 befinden. In Fig. 1 ist für jede Kontaktstelle 2, 3 nur eine Polplatte der Polplattenpaare 20, 21 zu sehen. Die Polplatten der Polplattenpaare 20, 21 bestehen aus magnetisierbaren Material und werden durch die Permanentmagneten 13 bzw. die Permanentmagneten 14 polarisiert und erzeugen somit ein homogenes permanentmagnetisches Blasfeld. Die Polplattenpaare 20, 21 sind dabei so ausgebildet, dass die von ihnen erzeugten Magnetfelder den Bereich der Kontaktstellen 2, 3 durchdringen.The arranged at the
Auch der Spule 17 und der Spule 18 ist je ein Polplattenpaar 22 und ein Polplattenpaar 23 zugeordnet. Die Polplatten der Polplattenpaare 22, 23 sind dabei so geformt, dass sie vor allem den Bereich des Lichtbogenleitschachts 19 und der Lichtbogenleitbleche 9, 10 überstrecken. Da die Spulen 17, 18 erst dann aktiviert werden, wenn der erste Lichtbogenfußpunkt auf eines der Lichtbogenleitbleche 9, 10 überspringt, müssen die elektromagnetischen Blasfelder vor allem in diesen Bereich wirken.Also, the
Im Folgenden werden anhand der Figuren 1 bis 3 nun die Vorgänge in dem Schütz 1 beim Öffnen der Kontaktstellen 2, 3 beschrieben.In the following, the processes in the contactor 1 when opening the contact points 2, 3 will now be described with reference to Figures 1 to 3.
In Fig. 1 ist der Schütz im Öffnungsmoment dargestellt. Über den Magnettrieb (nicht dargestellt) wird die Kontaktbrücke 8 nach unten bewegt, so dass die darauf angeordneten beweglichen Kontakte 6, 7 von den Festkontakten 4, 5 getrennt werden. Dabei entstehen an den Kontaktstellen 2, 3 die Lichtbögen 15, 16. Das von dem Permanentmagneten 13 und den Polplatten 20 erzeugte permanentmagnetische Blasfeld sowie das von dem entgegengesetzt polarisierten Permanentmagneten 14 und den Polplatten 21 erzeugte permanentmagnetische Blasfeld wirken sofort auf die Lichtbögen 15, 16 ein.In Fig. 1, the contactor is shown in the opening moment. Via the magnetic drive (not shown), the
Dies ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Da die Stromrichtung im Lichtbogen 15 entgegegengesetzt zu der des Lichtbogens 16 ist, werden die beiden Lichtbögen 15, 16 durch die permanentmagnetischen Blasfelder in die gleiche Richtung, im dargestellten Fall nach links, geblasen. Der Lichtbogen 16 wird also in Richtung des Lichtbogenleitschachts 19 geblasen und überspringt dabei den Luftspalt 12. Der Stromkreis im Schütz ist nun immer noch geschlossen und der Strom fließt von dem Festkontakt 4 über den Lichtbogen 15, die Kontaktbrücke 8, den Lichtbogen 16, das Lichtbogenleitblech 10 und die Spule 18 zum Festkontakt 5. Die Spule 18 wird also durch den Übersprung des Lichtbogens 16 auf das Lichtbogenleitblech 10 aktiviert und erzeugt nun ein elektromagnetisches Blasfeld, das ebenfalls auf den Lichtbogen 16 einwirkt. Dies führt dazu, dass der zweite Lichtbogenfußpunkt des Lichtbogens 16 in der Regel von der Kontaktbrücke 8 auf das Lichtbogenleitblech 9 überspringt (siehe Fig. 3). Der Lichtbogen 15 erlischt.This is shown in FIG. 2. Since the current direction in the
Der Stromkreis im Schütz 1 ist nun immer noch geschlossen, wobei der Strom vom Festkontakt 4 über die Spule 17, das Lichtbogenleitblech 9, den Lichtbogen 16, das Lichtbogenleitblech 10 und die Spule 18 zum Festkontakt 5 fließt. Durch den Übersprung des zweiten Lichtbogenfußpunkts des Lichtbogens 16 von der Kontaktbrücke 8 auf das Lichtbogenleitblech 9 wird nun auch die Spule 17 aktiviert und erzeugt ebenfalls ein elektromagnetisches Blasfeld. Dadurch wird der Lichtbogen 16 aus dem Lichtbogenleitschacht 19 heraus geblasen und weitet sich an den Lichtbogenleitblechen 9, 10 auf, bis er schließlich in der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 24 zum Erlöschen gebracht wird.The circuit in the contactor 1 is now still closed, the current from the fixed contact 4 via the
Bei sehr kleinen Strömen und gleichzeitig hohen Spannungen (kritischer Strombereich) kann es sein, dass das elektromagnetische Blasfeld der Spule 18 nicht ausreicht, um das Überspringen des zweiten Lichtbogenfußpunkts des Lichtbogens 16 von der Kontaktbrücke 8 auf das Lichtbogenleitblech 9 zu erreichen. Der Lichtbogen 15 erlischt in diesem Fall zunächst nicht und brennt in Reihenschaltung zu Lichtbogen 16 weiter. Der Lichtbogen 15 wird in diesem Fall durch das permanentmagnetische Blasfeld des Permanentmagneten 13 weiter bis zum Erlöschen gestreckt. Sobald der Lichtbogen 15 zum Erlöschen gebracht wurde, erlischt auch der Lichtbogen 16. Der Permanentmagnet 13 trägt somit vorteilhaft zur Beherrschung des kritischen Strombereichs bei.At very low currents and at the same time high voltages (critical current range), it may be that the electromagnetic blow field of the
Verläuft die Stromrichtung im Schütz im Öffnungsmoment entgegengesetzt zu den oben beschriebenen Fällen, so wird anstelle des Lichtbogens 16 der Lichtbogen 15 in den Lichtbogenleitschacht 19 geleitet und springt zuerst auf das Lichtbogenleitblech 9 über. Die Lichtbogenlöschung verläuft im Weiteren analog zu den oben beschriebenen Beispielen.Runs the current direction in the contactor in the opening moment opposite to the cases described above, so instead of the
Der Schütz 1 ist auch für Wechselstrombetrieb einsetzbar, da durch den Übersprung eines Lichtbogens 15, 16 auf die Lichtbogenleitfläche 9, 10 eine der Spulen 17, 18 aktiviert wird, die ein elektromagnetisches Blasfeld erzeugt, dessen Richtung mit der Stromrichtung ändert und so immer dazu führt, dass der entsprechende Lichtbogen 15, 16 in die Löscheinrichtung 24 getrieben und dort zum Erlöschen gebracht wird. Die Permanentmagneten 13, 14 werden so ausgewählt, dass entweder der Lichtbogen 15 oder der Lichtbogen 16 im Wechselstrombetrieb während einer Halbwelle auf das jeweilige Lichtbogenleitblech 9, 10 geblasen und die entsprechende Spule 17, 18 aktiviert wird. Ändert sich bei der nächsten Halbwelle die Stromrichtung, so kehrt sich auch die Richtung des elektromagnetischen Blasfelds um und der Lichtbogen wird weiterhin in Richtung der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 24 geblasen.The contactor 1 can also be used for alternating current operation, since the jump of an
Claims (5)
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DE102006035844A DE102006035844B4 (en) | 2006-08-01 | 2006-08-01 | Contactor for DC and AC operation |
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EP1884969A2 true EP1884969A2 (en) | 2008-02-06 |
EP1884969A3 EP1884969A3 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
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EP07012610.7A Active EP1884969B1 (en) | 2006-08-01 | 2007-06-27 | Switch for direct and alternating current operation |
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US (1) | US7417520B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1884969B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5041311B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101312711B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100570787C (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006035844B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2528481T3 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1884969B1 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
ZA200706409B (en) | 2008-05-28 |
DE102006035844A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
CN101118817A (en) | 2008-02-06 |
KR101312711B1 (en) | 2013-10-01 |
EP1884969A3 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
RU2007129883A (en) | 2009-02-10 |
JP2008078120A (en) | 2008-04-03 |
ES2528481T3 (en) | 2015-02-10 |
RU2417475C2 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
CN100570787C (en) | 2009-12-16 |
KR20080012214A (en) | 2008-02-11 |
DE102006035844B4 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
US20080030289A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
US7417520B2 (en) | 2008-08-26 |
JP5041311B2 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
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