EP2309526A1 - Voltage switch with parallel nominal current paths - Google Patents

Voltage switch with parallel nominal current paths Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2309526A1
EP2309526A1 EP09172559A EP09172559A EP2309526A1 EP 2309526 A1 EP2309526 A1 EP 2309526A1 EP 09172559 A EP09172559 A EP 09172559A EP 09172559 A EP09172559 A EP 09172559A EP 2309526 A1 EP2309526 A1 EP 2309526A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rated current
contact
current contacts
contacts
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09172559A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2309526B1 (en
Inventor
Nicola Gariboldi
Claudio Manzoni
Javier Mantilla
Stephan Grob
Jasmin Smajic
Mathias-Dominic Buergler
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ABB Technology AG
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ABB Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Priority to EP20090172559 priority Critical patent/EP2309526B1/en
Priority to US12/889,054 priority patent/US8901447B2/en
Priority to JP2010228021A priority patent/JP5175322B2/en
Priority to CN201010513932.8A priority patent/CN102034640B/en
Publication of EP2309526A1 publication Critical patent/EP2309526A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2309526B1 publication Critical patent/EP2309526B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medium and high voltage engineering, in particular to circuit breakers with high current carrying capacity in the medium and high voltage range.
  • a circuit breaker of the type mentioned above is about DE 3341903 A1 known.
  • the known power switch has mutually movable switching pieces whose Abbrand- and rated current contacts are moved along the common longitudinal axis of the switch. During the switch-on movement, the movable burn-off contact is moved into the fixed burn-off contact. All finger-shaped rated current contacts of the movable contact piece are coaxial and arranged at the same distance to the Abbrandmind. A portion of the rated current contact fingers are upstream of the remaining rated current contact fingers in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
  • the finger-shaped rated current contacts travel over the counter-nominal current contact designed as a cylindrical contact piece, and the current first commutates through the already closed burn-off contacts to the upstream rated current contact fingers and then on the remaining, shorter trained Nennstromtitlefinger.
  • the upstream rated current contact fingers are designed to be arc-proof.
  • the inventive circuit breaker is advantageously filled with a Extinguishing gas and includes two relative to each other and along a longitudinal axis of the switch movable contact arrangements.
  • the contact assemblies include a consumable contact system and a rated current contact system, wherein the rated current contact system is electrically connected in parallel with the consumable contact system. If necessary, an arc burns between AbbrandWalleten the AbbrandWalletsystems.
  • One of the two contact arrangements has inner rated current contacts and outer rated current contacts, wherein the inner rated current contacts are upstream of the outer rated current contacts in the direction of the longitudinal axis, ie the inner contacts extend beyond the outer contacts along the longitudinal direction of the switch.
  • the outer rated current contacts are arranged in a ring and surround the inner rated current contacts coaxially.
  • the inner rated current contacts are in turn arranged in a ring around the Abbrandcardsystem.
  • a rated current contact system of the circuit breaker is here to distinguish a Abbrandcardsystem or to an auxiliary contact system which, for example, a turn-on understood that contact system that has the comparatively lowest electrical resistance, and is designed to permanently run the current flowing in the switch rated current.
  • the coaxial arrangement of the outer rated current contacts around the annular inner inner rated current contacts forms an annular gap between the inner rated current contacts and the outer rated current contacts into which the counter current contact is driven when closing the switch.
  • the annular gap formed the Jacobnennstrom meme is clamped so between inner and outer rated current contacts and thus contacts both internal and external rated current contacts.
  • the division of the current flow to inner and outer rated current contacts is advantageous because thus does not flow the entire current through the outer rated current contacts and the electromagnetic force caused by the current flow through the outer contacts is reduced.
  • the reduced electromagnetic force due to the reduced current flow through the outer contacts reduces the contact pressure on the contacting Gegenstromnstromtitle and thus reduces the force acting between the rated contacts and the Gegennennstrom prominence frictional force in a movement of the contact assemblies during an occurring short circuit case in the switch.
  • the AbbrandCountsystem two movable, hollow cylindrical Abbrand tokene which contact in the closed state of the switch at their end faces.
  • the end face or end face is to be understood that surface which limits the lateral surface of the hollow cylindrical burnup contacts.
  • the frontally contacting the Abbrandcarde proves advantageous over such contact systems, in which there is an overlap of the contacts, since no frictional force caused by the overlap by the drive of the switch must be overcome.
  • the inventive method for switching on an electrical line switch for the range of high or medium voltage with two contact arrangements, which form a Abbrandnesssystem with AbbrandCounten and a parallel electrically switched nominal current contact system comprises the method steps: moving both contact assemblies relative to each other, towards each other and along a longitudinal axis of the switch.
  • the two consumable contacts of the consumable contact system contact one another at their end faces. That is, the faces abut each other, both burn-off contacts are designed as a hollow cylinder.
  • the burn-off contacts are in electrical contact, contact in another phase, the rated current contacts of the rated current contact system with each other.
  • This further phase is characterized in that the inner rated current contacts which project beyond the outer rated current contacts in the direction of the longitudinal axis, first contact the Gegennennstromtitle and then contact only the outer rated current contacts this Gegennennstromtitle.
  • the inner rated current contacts are coaxially surrounded by the outer rated current contacts. This sequential contacting of the inner and outer rated current contacts ensures that the later contacted outer rated current contacts will not experience wear by current flow upon contact. Due to the fact that first the inner rated current contacts are contacted in the switch-on, acts at the moment of contact and current flow, an electromagnetic force which is directed so that it counteracts the contact force between Jacobennstrom toast and inner rated current contact. This reduces the frictional force to be overcome by the drive of the switch, which occurs during the switch movement. The contact is thus improved during the turn-on and turn-off and in particular during a short circuit case.
  • circuit breakers used as generator switches are used, for example, to completely decouple a wind farm with a large number of wind turbines from the electrical power grid or to connect such a wind farm to the electrical power grid.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section of an inventive circuit breaker 1 which is designed as a generator switch and for a typical rated voltage of 24 KV, a nominal current of 6300 amps and a nominal frequency of 50/60 hertz is designed.
  • the circuit breaker 1 has a hollow cylindrical insulating body 2, which is flanged gastight between power terminals 3, 4.
  • the left part of the FIG. 1 shows the switch 1 in the open state.
  • the right part of the figure shows the switch 1 in the closed state.
  • the circuit breaker 1 comprises two contact arrangements, both of which are arranged in the switching chamber volume 5 delimited by the insulating body 2 and the two power connections 3, 4, movable relative to one another along the longitudinal axis A of the switch 1, and thus enable switching on and off of the switch 1.
  • the two contact arrangements have a consumable contact system 12 which is coaxially surrounded by a rated current contact system 9.
  • the consumable contact system 12 comprises the consumable contacts 10 and 11, while the rated current contact system 9 comprises the inner rated current contacts 6, the outer rated current contacts 7 and the counter nominal current contact 8.
  • One of the two contact arrangements has the burn-off contact 10 designed as a hollow cylinder, which is arranged along the switch longitudinal axis A, and the nominal current contact 8 surrounding the burn-off contact 11.
  • the rated current contact 8 is also cylindrical.
  • an insulating nozzle 13 for guiding a quenching gas stream for example Schwefelhexaflouridstromes (SF 6 ) is arranged, which insulating nozzle 13 projects beyond the rated current contact 8 and the AbbrandWallet 11 in the direction of the longitudinal axis A.
  • a heating channel 18 is formed which in a heating volume 16 opens.
  • the heating volume 16, which is essentially limited by the rated current contact 8, insulating nozzle 13 and consumable contact 11, is connected via a valve 19 to a compression volume 17 of the switch 1.
  • the other of the two contact arrangements comprises the arranged in the switching chamber volume 5 Abbrand token 10, the inner rated current contacts 6 and the outer rated current contacts 7.
  • the hollow cylindrical executed Abbrand token 10 is movable against the force of a spring 14 along the longitudinal axis A and is with the spring 14 in a tubular Section 20 out, which opens into an exhaust volume 13. Extinguishing gas can thus escape through the hollow Abbrandcard 10 in the exhaust volume 13.
  • the inner rated current contacts 6 are designed as elastic contact fingers and form a ring 22 of contact fingers, around which coaxial also designed as elastic contact fingers and also a ring 23 of contact fingers forming outer rated current contacts 7 are arranged.
  • the coaxial arrangement of the outer rated current contacts 7 to the inner rated current contacts 6 has the advantage that the number of Nennstromcriptor and thus the effective contact surface on the switch 1 can be increased by this structure, which in turn increases the current carrying capacity of the circuit breaker 1, but without the diameter or to increase the volume of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the current density per switch volume unit to be transmitted can thus be increased.
  • Both the ring 22 formed by the inner rated current contacts 6 and the ring 23 formed by the outer rated current contacts 7 are firmly connected in the switch 1 to a rated current contact carrier 21. Ring 22 and ring 23 are screwed onto the Nennstromterntragenia 21, whereby a simple replacement of the inner rated current contacts 6 and the outer rated current contacts 7 is achieved.
  • the inner rated current contacts 6 extend beyond the outer rated current contacts 7 in the direction of the longitudinal axis A and are the outer Rated current contacts 7 upstream.
  • Inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7 are electrically connected to each other.
  • FIG. 2a to Figure 2d show the in FIG. 1 described circuit breaker 1 in different switching states. So shows FIG. 2a the switch 1 in the switch position “off”, in the FIG. 2b the switch 1 in the switch position “Contacting burn-off contact system”, Figure 2c the switch 1 in the switch position "contact internal rated current contacts” and finally Figure 2d the switch 1 in the switch position "on”.
  • the circuit breaker 1 takes the switch position "contact internal rated current contacts", which in Figure 2c is shown.
  • the contact is defined by the moment of the first physical contact between the inner rated current contacts 6 and the opposite rated current contact 8.
  • the outer diameter of the ring 22 formed from the inner elastic rated current contacts 6 is so selected to the inner diameter of the trained as a hollow cylinder rated current contact 8, that the rated current contact 8 is pushed overcoming the contact force over the rated current contacts 6, whereby the inside of the Hollow cylinder formed rated current contact 8 the outside overlaps the ring 23 formed from rated current contacts 6 and touches.
  • the current commutates from the consumable contact system 12 to the rated current contact system 9, whereby the current flowing in the switch 1 is carried at this moment by the rated current contact system 9 and the consumable contact system 12 connected in parallel thereto.
  • the burn-off contact 10 is pressed against the spring force of the spring 14 and caused by the switch-on movement of the contacting burn-off contact 11 in the direction of the exhaust volume 16.
  • the rated current contact 8 driven by a drive, not shown, continues to move towards the inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7. In this way, the switch position "on" is achieved, as in Figure 2d shown.
  • the inner diameter of the ring 23 formed from the outer elastic rated current contacts 7 is here so selected to the outer diameter of the designed as a hollow cylinder rated current contact 8, that the inner rated current contacts 6 are pushed overcoming an additional contact force on the rated current contacts 8, whereby the inner side formed from rated current contacts 6 Ringes 22 the outside of the form of a hollow cylinder rated current contact 8 overlaps and touches.
  • the rated current contact 8 is thus clamped on the basis of the force exerted by the inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7 contact force between the inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7. Due to the same electrical resistance of the inner rated current contacts 6 and the outer rated current contacts 7, the current flow in the switch 1 is divided essentially over the inner and outer rated current contacts 6, and 7. In this case, the ring 23 of contacts formed by the outer rated current contacts 7 carries about 65% of the total current, while the ring 22 formed from the inner rated current contacts 6 carries about 35% of the current.
  • FIG. 3 The diagram shown qualitatively represents the forces acting on the inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7 and illustrates the resulting frictional force F R on the rated current contact system 9 which must be overcome by means of the drive in order to ensure the switch-on movement of the contact arrangements.
  • a frictional force (not shown) acts in the direction of the longitudinal axis A against the switch-on movement caused by the inner and outer rated current contacts 6, 7, which slide on the rated current contact 8.
  • An increasing electric current in the switch 1 also causes an increasing contact force between the outer rated current contacts 7 and the Gegennennstromtern eighth
  • the switch 1 is in the switch state "off" as in FIG. 2a shown.
  • the current flow of the contact arrangements is interrupted, the sum of the acting forces is zero.
  • the switch state "contact internal rated current contacts" as in Figure 2c shown, drive through.
  • a frictional force on the rated current contact system 9 occurs between the JacobnennstromWallet 8 and the inner rated current contact 6, through the electromagnetic force F I , which is reduced.
  • the force F I is caused by the current flow in the inner rated current contacts 6.
  • This electromagnetic force F I counteracts the contact force between rated current contact 8 and inner rated current contact 6.
  • the contact force and thus the resulting friction force F R between the rated current contact 8 and the inner rated current contacts 6 is reduced.
  • the resulting frictional force F R at current flow through the inner rated current contacts 6 is thus smaller than the frictional force that occurs when no current flows.
  • This commutation causes, on the one hand, that the electromagnetic force F I decreases at the inner rated current contacts 6 and at the same time an electromagnetic force F A acts on the outer rated current contacts 7, which increases the contact pressure of these contacts 7.
  • the resulting frictional force F R results from the contact force of the inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7 on the countercurrent contact 8 and a frictional force F R reducing component of the electromagnetic force F I caused by the current flow in the inner rated current contacts 6, and a frictional force F R increasing component of the electromagnetic force F A , caused by the current flow in the outer rated current contacts 7.
  • the electric current is divided across the rated current contacts 6, 7, so that about 65% on the external rated current contacts 7 and about 35% flows over the inner rated current contacts 6.
  • the presence of internal rated current contacts 6 in addition to the external rated current contacts 7 thus reduces the frictional force occurring at the contacts in comparison to the force that occurs in a Circuit breaker occurs, which has only such rated current contacts, which act from the outside to an internal Jacobnennstromnapse

Abstract

The circuit-breaker (1) has contact arrangements adjusted on a longitudinal axis (A) and a switch. A material loss contact system (12) and a rated current contact system (9) are switched in an electrically parallel manner. One of the contact arrangements has internal rated current contacts (6) and external rated current contacts (7). The internal rated current contacts coaxially surround the external rated current contacts in the direction of the longitudinal axis. An independent claim is also included for a method for switching an electrical circuit-breaker.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Mittel- und Hochspannungstechnik, insbesondere auf Leistungsschalter mit grosser Stromtragfähigkeit im Mittel - und Hochspannungsbereich.The present invention relates to the field of medium and high voltage engineering, in particular to circuit breakers with high current carrying capacity in the medium and high voltage range.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Ein Leistungsschalter der eingangs genannten Art ist etwa aus DE 3341903 A1 bekannt. Der bekannte Leistungsschalter weist zueinander bewegliche Schaltstücke auf, deren Abbrand- und Nennstromkontakten entlang der gemeinsamen Längsachse des Schalters bewegt werden. Während der Einschaltbewegung wird der bewegliche Abbrandkontakt in den feststehenden Abbrandkontakt hinein bewegt. Alle fingerförmigen Nennstromkontakte des beweglichen Schaltstückes sind koaxial und mit gleichem Abstand zum Abbrandkontakt angeordnet. Ein Teil der Nennstromkontaktfinger ist den übrigen Nennstromkontaktfingern in Richtung der Längsachse vorgelagert. In der Einschaltbewegung fahren die fingerförmigen Nennstromkontakte über den als zylinderförmiges Schaltstück ausgebildeten Gegennnennstromkontakt und der Strom kommutiert zuerst durch die bereits geschlossenen Abbrandkontakte auf die vorgelagerten Nennstromkontaktfinger und danach auf die übrigen, kürzer ausgebildeten Nennstromkontaktfinger. Die vorgelagerten Nennstromkontaktfinger sind dazu lichtbogenfest ausgebildet. Beim Schliessen des Nennstromkontaktsystems üben alle fingerförmigen Nennstromkontakte auf das innen liegende Gegennennstromkontaktstück eine mechanische Anpresskraft auf, welche zusätzlich durch die auftretende elektromagnetische Kraft, verursacht durch den Stromfluss in den Nennstromkontakten, verstärkt wird. Dies führt zu einer hohen Anpresskraft und damit letztlich zu einer hohen gesamthaften Reibungskraft zwischen den kontaktierenden Nennstromkontakten, welche während der Öffnungs- und Schliessphase des Schalters vom Antrieb überwunden werden muss. Bei diesem und anderen Schaltern ist der Stromfluss über die äusseren Nennstromkontaktfinger auf den Gegennennstromkontakt ursächlich für eine elektromagnetische Kraft, die im Kurzschlussfall die am Schalter auftretende mechanische Reibungskraft übersteigen kann und die Öffnungs- und Schliessbewegung des Schalters dadurch verunmöglichen kann.
Bei diesem und anderen Leistungsschaltern sind die Stromtragfähigkeit und die Kontakteigenschaften der Nennstromkontakte des Schalters insbesondere im Kurzschlussfall des Schalters verbesserungswürdig.A circuit breaker of the type mentioned above is about DE 3341903 A1 known. The known power switch has mutually movable switching pieces whose Abbrand- and rated current contacts are moved along the common longitudinal axis of the switch. During the switch-on movement, the movable burn-off contact is moved into the fixed burn-off contact. All finger-shaped rated current contacts of the movable contact piece are coaxial and arranged at the same distance to the Abbrandkontakt. A portion of the rated current contact fingers are upstream of the remaining rated current contact fingers in the direction of the longitudinal axis. In the switch-on movement, the finger-shaped rated current contacts travel over the counter-nominal current contact designed as a cylindrical contact piece, and the current first commutates through the already closed burn-off contacts to the upstream rated current contact fingers and then on the remaining, shorter trained Nennstromkontaktfinger. The upstream rated current contact fingers are designed to be arc-proof. When closing the rated current contact system, all finger-shaped rated current contacts on the inner Gegennennstromkontaktstück a mechanical contact force, which is additionally amplified by the occurring electromagnetic force caused by the current flow in the rated current contacts. This leads to a high contact pressure and thus ultimately to a high total frictional force between the contacting rated current contacts, which must be overcome by the drive during the opening and closing phase of the switch. In this and other switches, the flow of current through the outer Nennstromkontaktfinger on the Gegennennstromkontakt cause of an electromagnetic force that can exceed the occurring at the switch mechanical frictional force in the event of short circuit and thus make the opening and closing movement of the switch impossible.
In this and other circuit breakers, the current carrying capacity and the contact properties of the rated current contacts of the switch are in particular in the event of short circuit of the switch in need of improvement.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Leistungsschalter zu schaffen, welcher sowohl eine erhöhte Stromtragfähigkeit aufweist, als auch die Kontaktnahme der Nennstromkontakte während des Schliessens und Öffnens des Schalters verbessert.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a circuit breaker, which both has an increased current carrying capacity, as well as the contact of the rated current contacts during the closing and opening of the switch improved.

Diese Aufgabe löst eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche.This object is achieved by a device and a method having the features of the independent patent claims.

Der erfindungsgemässe Leistungsschalter ist vorteilhaft befüllbar mit einem Löschgas und beinhaltet zwei relativ zueinander und entlang einer Längsachse des Schalters verschiebbare Kontaktanordnungen. Die Kontaktanordnungen umfassen ein Abbrandkontaktsystem und ein Nennstromkontaktsystem, wobei das Nennstromkontaktsystem zu dem Abbrandkontaktsystem elektrisch parallel geschaltet ist. Gegebenenfalls brennt zwischen Abbrandkontakten des Abbrandkontaktsystems ein Lichtbogen. Eine der beiden Kontaktanordnungen weist innere Nennstromkontakte und äussere Nennstromkontakte auf, wobei die inneren Nennstromkontakte den äusseren Nennstromkontakten in Richtung der Längsachse vorgelagert sind, d.h. die inneren Kontakte überragen die äusseren Kontakte entlang der Längsrichtung des Schalters. Bei einer Schliessbewegung des Schalters kontaktieren somit die inneren Nennstromkontakte bevor die äusseren Nennstromkontakte kontaktieren. Da auf diese Weise bei einem Kurzschlussfall der Kurzschlussstrom während des Einschaltvorganges von den Abbrandkontakten nur auf die inneren Nennstromkontakte kommutiert, bzw. beim Ausschaltprozess der Strom von den inneren Nennstromkontakten nur auf die Abbrandkontakte kommutiert, tritt eine durch Kommutation verursachte Abnutzung im Kurzschlussfall nur an den inneren Nennstromkontakten auf und wird an den äusseren Nennstromkontakten vermieden. Die Funktionstüchtigkeit des Schalters insbesondere nach einem auftretenden Kurzschlussfall verbesserte sich somit. Die äusseren Nennstromkontakte sind ringförmig angeordnet und umgeben die inneren Nennstromkontakte koaxial. Die inneren Nennstromkontakte sind wiederum ringförmig um das Abbrandkontaktsystem angeordnet. Die Anordnung von den zusätzlichen inneren Nennstromkontakten innerhalb der äusseren Nennstromkontakte führt zu einer Vergrösserung der gesamthaft zur Verfügung stehenden Nennstromkontaktfläche, was zu einer höheren Stromtragfähigkeit des Schalters bei gleichbleibendem Schaltervolumen führt. Als Nennstromkontaktsystem des Leistungsschalters wird hier zur Unterscheidung zu einem Abbrandkontaktsystem oder zu einem Hilfskontaktsystem welches beispielsweise einen Einschaltwiderstand aufweist, dasjenige Kontaktsystem verstanden, dass den vergleichsweise geringsten elektrischen Widerstand besitzt, und dafür ausgelegt ist, den im Schalter fliessenden Nennstrom permanent zu führen.The inventive circuit breaker is advantageously filled with a Extinguishing gas and includes two relative to each other and along a longitudinal axis of the switch movable contact arrangements. The contact assemblies include a consumable contact system and a rated current contact system, wherein the rated current contact system is electrically connected in parallel with the consumable contact system. If necessary, an arc burns between Abbrandkontakten the Abbrandkontaktsystems. One of the two contact arrangements has inner rated current contacts and outer rated current contacts, wherein the inner rated current contacts are upstream of the outer rated current contacts in the direction of the longitudinal axis, ie the inner contacts extend beyond the outer contacts along the longitudinal direction of the switch. During a closing movement of the switch thus contact the inner rated current contacts before contacting the external rated current contacts. Since commutes in this case, the short-circuit current during the switch from the Abbrandkontakten only on the inner rated current contacts, or commutes during the Ausschaltprozess the current of the inner rated current contacts only on the Abbrandkontakte occurs caused by commutation wear in the case of short circuit only to the inner Rated current contacts on and is avoided at the external rated current contacts. The functionality of the switch, in particular after an occurring short circuit case thus improved. The outer rated current contacts are arranged in a ring and surround the inner rated current contacts coaxially. The inner rated current contacts are in turn arranged in a ring around the Abbrandkontaktsystem. The arrangement of the additional inner rated current contacts within the outer rated current contacts leads to an increase in the total available rated current contact surface, which leads to a higher current carrying capacity of the switch with the same switch volume. As a rated current contact system of the circuit breaker is here to distinguish a Abbrandkontaktsystem or to an auxiliary contact system which, for example, a turn-on understood that contact system that has the comparatively lowest electrical resistance, and is designed to permanently run the current flowing in the switch rated current.

In Ausführungsformen wird durch die koaxiale Anordnung der äusseren Nennstromkontakte um die ringförmig innen angeordneten inneren Nennstromkontakte ein ringförmiger Spalt zwischen den inneren Nennstromkontakten und den äusseren Nennstromkontakten ausgebildet, in welchen der Gegennennstromkontakt beim Schliessen des Schalters hineingefahren wird. In dem gebildeten Ringspalt wird das Gegennennstromkontakt so zwischen inneren und äusseren Nennstromkontakten eingeklemmt und kontaktiert damit sowohl innere als auch äussere Nennstromkontakte. Die Aufteilung des Stromflusses auf innere und äussere Nennstromkontakte ist vorteilhaft, da somit nicht der gesamte Strom über die äusseren Nennstromkontakte fliesst und die vom Stromfluss durch die äusseren Kontakte verursachte elektromagnetische Kraft vermindert wird. Die auf Grund des reduzierten Stromflusses über die äusseren Kontakte verminderte elektromagnetische Kraft verringert den Anpressdruck auf den kontaktierenden Gegennennstromkontakt und verringert damit die zwischen den Nennstromkontakten und dem Gegennennstromkontakt wirkende Reibungskraft bei einer Bewegung der Kontaktanordnungen während eines auftretenden Kurzschlussfalles im Schalters.In embodiments, the coaxial arrangement of the outer rated current contacts around the annular inner inner rated current contacts forms an annular gap between the inner rated current contacts and the outer rated current contacts into which the counter current contact is driven when closing the switch. In the annular gap formed the Gegennennstromkontakt is clamped so between inner and outer rated current contacts and thus contacts both internal and external rated current contacts. The division of the current flow to inner and outer rated current contacts is advantageous because thus does not flow the entire current through the outer rated current contacts and the electromagnetic force caused by the current flow through the outer contacts is reduced. The reduced electromagnetic force due to the reduced current flow through the outer contacts reduces the contact pressure on the contacting Gegenstromnstromkontakt and thus reduces the force acting between the rated contacts and the Gegennennstromkontakt frictional force in a movement of the contact assemblies during an occurring short circuit case in the switch.

In Ausführungsformen weist das Abbrandkontaktsystem zwei bewegliche, hohlzylinderförmige Abbrandkontakte auf, welche sich im geschlossenen Zustand des Schalters an ihren Stirnseiten kontaktieren. Als Stirnseite bzw. Stirnfläche ist diejenige Fläche zu verstehen, welche die Mantelfläche der hohlzylinderförmigen Abbrandkontakte begrenzt. Das stirnseitige Kontaktieren der Abbrandkontakte erweist sich vorteilhaft gegenüber solchen Kontaktsystemen, bei denen es zu einer Überlappung der Kontakte kommt, da keine durch die Überlappung verursachte Reibungskraft durch den Antrieb des Schalters überwunden werden muss.In embodiments, the Abbrandkontaktsystem two movable, hollow cylindrical Abbrandkontakte, which contact in the closed state of the switch at their end faces. The end face or end face is to be understood that surface which limits the lateral surface of the hollow cylindrical burnup contacts. The frontally contacting the Abbrandkontakte proves advantageous over such contact systems, in which there is an overlap of the contacts, since no frictional force caused by the overlap by the drive of the switch must be overcome.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren zum Einschalten eines elektrischen Leitungsschalters für den Bereich der Hoch- oder Mittelspannung mit zwei Kontaktanordnungen, welche ein Abbrandkontaktsystem mit Abbrandkontakten und ein dazu elektrisch parallel geschaltetes Nennstromkontaktsystem bilden, umfasst die Verfahrensschritte: Bewegen beider Kontaktanordnungen relativ zueinander, aufeinander zu und entlang einer Längsachse des Schalters. Während einer ersten Phase der Einschaltbewegung kontaktieren die beiden Abbrandkontakte des Abbrandkontaktsystems miteinander an ihren Stirnseiten. Das heisst die Stirnflächen stossen aneinander, wobei beide Abbrandkontakte als Hohlzylinder ausgebildet sind. Nachdem sich die Abbrandkontakte in elektrischem Kontakt befinden, kontaktieren in einer weiteren Phase die Nennstromkontakte des Nennstromkontaktsystems miteinander. Diese weitere Phase ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die inneren Nennstromkontakte welche die äusseren Nennstromkontakte in Richtung der Längsachse überragen, zuerst den Gegennennstromkontakt kontaktieren und danach erst die äusseren Nennstromkontakte diesen Gegennennstromkontakt kontaktieren. Die inneren Nennstromkontakte sind dabei koaxial von den äusseren Nennstromkontakten umgeben. Dieses sequentielle Kontaktieren der inneren und äusseren Nennstromkontakte gewährleitstet, dass die später kontaktierten äusseren Nennstromkontakte kein Abnutzung durch den Stromfluss bei Kontaktnahme erfahren. Auf Grund dessen, dass zuerst die inneren Nennstromkontakte in der Einschaltphase kontaktiert werden, wirkt im Moment der Kontaktnahme und bei Stromfluss eine elektromagnetische Kraft, welche so gerichtet ist, dass sie der Anpresskraft zwischen Gegennennstromkontakt und innerem Nennstromkontakt entgegenwirkt. Damit wird die vom Antrieb des Schalters zu überwindende Reibungskraft gemindert, welche während der Schalterbewegung auftritt. Die Kontaktnahme wird somit während des Einschalt- und Ausschaltvorganges und insbesondere während eines Kurzschlussfalles verbessert.The inventive method for switching on an electrical line switch for the range of high or medium voltage with two contact arrangements, which form a Abbrandkontaktsystem with Abbrandkontakten and a parallel electrically switched nominal current contact system comprises the method steps: moving both contact assemblies relative to each other, towards each other and along a longitudinal axis of the switch. During a first phase of the switch-on movement, the two consumable contacts of the consumable contact system contact one another at their end faces. That is, the faces abut each other, both burn-off contacts are designed as a hollow cylinder. After the burn-off contacts are in electrical contact, contact in another phase, the rated current contacts of the rated current contact system with each other. This further phase is characterized in that the inner rated current contacts which project beyond the outer rated current contacts in the direction of the longitudinal axis, first contact the Gegennennstromkontakt and then contact only the outer rated current contacts this Gegennennstromkontakt. The inner rated current contacts are coaxially surrounded by the outer rated current contacts. This sequential contacting of the inner and outer rated current contacts ensures that the later contacted outer rated current contacts will not experience wear by current flow upon contact. Due to the fact that first the inner rated current contacts are contacted in the switch-on, acts at the moment of contact and current flow, an electromagnetic force which is directed so that it counteracts the contact force between Gegennennstromkontakt and inner rated current contact. This reduces the frictional force to be overcome by the drive of the switch, which occurs during the switch movement. The contact is thus improved during the turn-on and turn-off and in particular during a short circuit case.

Derartige Leistungsschalter als Generatorschalter eingesetzt, werden beispielweise verwendet, um einen Windpark mit einer Vielzahl von Windkraftanlagen vollständig vom elektrischen Energieversorgungsnetz abzukoppeln bzw. einen solchen Windpark an das elektrische Energieversorgungsnetz zuzuschalten.Such circuit breakers used as generator switches are used, for example, to completely decouple a wind farm with a large number of wind turbines from the electrical power grid or to connect such a wind farm to the electrical power grid.

Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen und vorteilhafte Wirkungen gehen aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen und den Figuren hervor.Further preferred embodiments and advantageous effects emerge from the dependent claims and the figures.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Im Folgenden wird der Erfindungsgegenstand anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen, welche in den beiliegenden Zeichnungen dargestellt sind, näher erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch:

Fig. 1
eine Aufsicht auf einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäss ausgeführten Leistungsschalter, bei welchem in der linken Hälfte der Figur der Schalter in der Ausschaltstellung und in der rechten Hälfte der Figur in der Einschaltstellung dargestellt ist;
Fig. 2
eine Aufsicht auf einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäss ausgeführten Leistungsschalter, bei welchem verschiedene Schalterzustände von der Ausschaltstellung zur Einschaltstellung dargestellt sind;
Fig. 3
den zeitlichen Verlauf der am Nennstromkontaktsystem wirkenden Kraft während der Einschaltbewegung des Schalters durch Kontaktnahme der inneren und äusseren Nennstromkontaktfinger am Gegennennstromkontakt.
The subject matter of the invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. They show schematically:
Fig. 1
a plan view of a longitudinal section through a power switch according to the invention, in which in the left half of the figure, the switch in the off position and in the right half of the figure is shown in the closed position;
Fig. 2
a plan view of a longitudinal section through a power switch according to the invention, in which various switch states are shown from the open position to the closed position;
Fig. 3
the time course of the force acting on the rated current contact system during the switch-on movement of the switch by contacting the inner and outer Nennstromkontaktfinger on Gegennennstromkontakt.

Die in den Zeichnungen verwendeten Bezugszeichen und deren Bedeutung sind in der Bezugszeichenliste zusammengefasst aufgelistet. Grundsätzlich sind in den Figuren gleiche oder gleich wirkende Teile mit gleichen oder ähnlichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Für das Verständnis der Erfindung nicht wesentliche Teile sind zum Teil nicht dargestellt. Die beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele stehen beispielhaft für den Erfindungsgegenstand und haben keine beschränkende Wirkung.The reference numerals used in the drawings and their meaning are listed in the list of reference numerals. Basically, the same or similar parts are provided with the same or similar reference numerals in the figures. For the understanding of the invention non-essential parts are not shown in part. The described embodiments are exemplary of the subject invention and have no limiting effect.

Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungWays to carry out the invention

In Fig. 1 zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalters 1 der als Generatorschalter ausgebildet ist und für eine typische Nennspannung von 24 KV, einem Nominalstrom von 6300 Ampere und eine Nominalfrequenz von 50/60 Hertz ausgelegt ist. Der Leistungsschalters 1 besitzt einen hohlzylindrischen Isolierstoffkörper 2, welcher gasdicht zwischen Stromanschlüssen 3, 4 eingeflanscht ist. Der linke Teil der Figur 1 zeigt den Schalter 1 im geöffneten Zustand. Der rechte Teil der Figur zeigt den Schalter 1 im geschlossenen Zustand. Der Leistungsschalters 1 umfasst zwei Kontaktanordnungen, welche beide in dem vom Isolierstoffkörper 2 und den beiden Stromanschlüssen 3, 4 begrenzten Schaltkammervolumen 5 angeordnet, relativ zueinander entlang der Längsachse A des Schalters 1 beweglich sind, und damit ein Einschalten und ein Ausschalten des Schalters 1 gestatten. Die beiden Kontaktanordnungen weisen ein Abbrandkontaktsystem 12 auf, welches von einem Nennstromkontaktsystem 9 koaxial umgeben ist. Das Abbrandkontaktsystem 12 umfasst die Abbrandkontakte 10 und 11, während das Nennstromkontaktsystem 9 die inneren Nennstromkontakte 6, die äusseren Nennstromkontakte 7 und den Gegennennstromkontakt 8 umfasst.In Fig. 1 shows a section of an inventive circuit breaker 1 which is designed as a generator switch and for a typical rated voltage of 24 KV, a nominal current of 6300 amps and a nominal frequency of 50/60 hertz is designed. The circuit breaker 1 has a hollow cylindrical insulating body 2, which is flanged gastight between power terminals 3, 4. The left part of the FIG. 1 shows the switch 1 in the open state. The right part of the figure shows the switch 1 in the closed state. The circuit breaker 1 comprises two contact arrangements, both of which are arranged in the switching chamber volume 5 delimited by the insulating body 2 and the two power connections 3, 4, movable relative to one another along the longitudinal axis A of the switch 1, and thus enable switching on and off of the switch 1. The two contact arrangements have a consumable contact system 12 which is coaxially surrounded by a rated current contact system 9. The consumable contact system 12 comprises the consumable contacts 10 and 11, while the rated current contact system 9 comprises the inner rated current contacts 6, the outer rated current contacts 7 and the counter nominal current contact 8.

Die eine der beiden Kontaktanordnungen weist den als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten Abbrandkontakt 10, welcher entlang der Schalterlängsachse A angeordnet ist, sowie den den Abbrandkontakt 11 umgebenden Nennstromkontakt 8 auf. Der Nennstromkontakt 8 ist ebenfalls zylinderförmig ausgebildet. Zwischen dem Nennstromkontakt 8 und dem Abbrandkontakt 11 ist eine Isolierdüse 13 zur Lenkung eines Löschgasstromes, beispielsweise Schwefelhexaflouridstromes (SF6) angeordnet, welche Isolierdüse 13 den Nennstromkontakt 8 und den Abbrandkontakt 11 in Richtung der Längsachse A überragt. Zwischen Isolierdüse 13 und Abbrandkontakt 11 wird ein Heizkanal 18 gebildet welcher in ein Heizvolumen 16 mündet. Das Heizvolumen 16, welches im Wesentlichen vom Nennstromkontakt 8, Isolierdüse 13 und Abbrandkontakt 11 begrenzt wird, ist über ein Ventil 19 mit einem Kompressionsvolumen 17 des Schalters 1 verbunden.One of the two contact arrangements has the burn-off contact 10 designed as a hollow cylinder, which is arranged along the switch longitudinal axis A, and the nominal current contact 8 surrounding the burn-off contact 11. The rated current contact 8 is also cylindrical. Between the rated current contact 8 and the Abbrandkontakt 11 an insulating nozzle 13 for guiding a quenching gas stream, for example Schwefelhexaflouridstromes (SF 6 ) is arranged, which insulating nozzle 13 projects beyond the rated current contact 8 and the Abbrandkontakt 11 in the direction of the longitudinal axis A. Between Isolierdüse 13 and Abbrandkontakt 11, a heating channel 18 is formed which in a heating volume 16 opens. The heating volume 16, which is essentially limited by the rated current contact 8, insulating nozzle 13 and consumable contact 11, is connected via a valve 19 to a compression volume 17 of the switch 1.

Die andere der beiden Kontaktanordnungen umfasst den im Schaltkammervolumen 5 angeordneten Abbrandkontakt 10, die inneren Nennstromkontakte 6 und die äusseren Nennstromkontakte 7. Der hohlzylindrisch ausgeführte Abbrandkontakt 10 ist entgegen der Kraft einer Feder 14 entlang der Längsachse A bewegbar und wird mit der Feder 14 in einem rohrförmigen Abschnitt 20 geführt, welcher in ein Auspuffvolumen 13 mündet. Löschgas kann damit durch den hohlen Abbrandkontakt 10 in das Auspuffvolumen 13 entweichen. Die inneren Nennstromkontakte 6 sind als elastische Kontaktfinger ausgeführt und bilden einen Ring 22 von Kontaktfingern, um welchen koaxial die ebenfalls als elastische Kontaktfinger ausgeführten und ebenfalls einen Ring 23 von Kontaktfingern bildenden äusseren Nennstromkontakte 7 angeordnet sind. Die koaxiale Anordnung der äusseren Nennstromkontakte 7 um die inneren Nennstromkontakte 6 hat den Vorteil, dass durch diesen Aufbau die Anzahl der Nennstromkontaktfinger und damit die wirkende Kontaktfläche am Schalter 1 vergrössert werden kann, was wiederum die Stromtragfähigkeit des Leistungsschalters 1 erhöht, ohne dabei jedoch den Durchmesser oder das Volumen des Leistungsschalters 1 zu vergrössern. Die zu übertragende Stromdichte je Schaltervolumeneinheit kann somit erhöht werden.
Sowohl der von den inneren Nennstromkontakten 6 gebildete Ring 22, als auch der von den äusseren Nennstromkontakten 7 gebildete Ring 23 sind im Schalter 1 mit einem Nennstromkontakttragkörper 21 fest verbunden. Ring 22 und Ring 23 sind dazu auf den Nennstromkontakttragkörper 21 aufgeschraubt, womit ein einfaches Auswechseln der inneren Nennstromkontakte 6 bzw. der äusseren Nennstromkontakte 7 erreicht wird.
Wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, überragen die inneren Nennstromkontakte 6 die äusseren Nennstromkontakte 7 in Richtung der Längsachse A und sind den äusseren Nennstromkontakten 7 damit vorgelagert. Innere und äussere Nennstromkontakte 6 und 7 sind elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden.The other of the two contact arrangements comprises the arranged in the switching chamber volume 5 Abbrandkontakt 10, the inner rated current contacts 6 and the outer rated current contacts 7. The hollow cylindrical executed Abbrandkontakt 10 is movable against the force of a spring 14 along the longitudinal axis A and is with the spring 14 in a tubular Section 20 out, which opens into an exhaust volume 13. Extinguishing gas can thus escape through the hollow Abbrandkontakt 10 in the exhaust volume 13. The inner rated current contacts 6 are designed as elastic contact fingers and form a ring 22 of contact fingers, around which coaxial also designed as elastic contact fingers and also a ring 23 of contact fingers forming outer rated current contacts 7 are arranged. The coaxial arrangement of the outer rated current contacts 7 to the inner rated current contacts 6 has the advantage that the number of Nennstromkontaktfinger and thus the effective contact surface on the switch 1 can be increased by this structure, which in turn increases the current carrying capacity of the circuit breaker 1, but without the diameter or to increase the volume of the circuit breaker 1. The current density per switch volume unit to be transmitted can thus be increased.
Both the ring 22 formed by the inner rated current contacts 6 and the ring 23 formed by the outer rated current contacts 7 are firmly connected in the switch 1 to a rated current contact carrier 21. Ring 22 and ring 23 are screwed onto the Nennstromkontakttragkörper 21, whereby a simple replacement of the inner rated current contacts 6 and the outer rated current contacts 7 is achieved.
As in FIG. 1 illustrated, the inner rated current contacts 6 extend beyond the outer rated current contacts 7 in the direction of the longitudinal axis A and are the outer Rated current contacts 7 upstream. Inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7 are electrically connected to each other.

Figur 2a bis Figur 2d zeigen den in Figur 1 beschriebenen Leistungsschalter 1 in verschiedenen Schaltzuständen. So zeigt Figur 2a den Schalter 1 in der Schalterstellung "Aus", in der Figur 2b den Schalter 1 in der Schalterstellung "Kontaktgabe Abbrandkontaktsystem", Figur 2c den Schalter 1 in der Schalterstellung "Kontaktgabe innere Nennstromkontakte" und schliesslich Figur 2d den Schalter 1 in der Schalterstellung "Ein". Figure 2a to Figure 2d show the in FIG. 1 described circuit breaker 1 in different switching states. So shows FIG. 2a the switch 1 in the switch position "off", in the FIG. 2b the switch 1 in the switch position "Contacting burn-off contact system", Figure 2c the switch 1 in the switch position "contact internal rated current contacts" and finally Figure 2d the switch 1 in the switch position "on".

Während einer Einschaltbewegung des Schalters 1 werden der Abbrandkontakt 11 mit dem Nennstromkontakt 8 und mit der Isolierdüse 13 in Richtung der Längsachse A auf die inneren und äusseren Nennstromkontakte 6 und 7 und den Abbrandkontakt 10 zu bewegt, wobei es bei der Annäherung zwischen dem Abbrandkontakt 10 und dem Abbrandkontakt 11 zur Ausbildung eines Lichtbogens kommt. Der Lichtbogen brennt solange, bis die in Figur 2b gezeigte Schalterstellung "Kontaktgabe Abbrandkontaktsystem" erreicht ist und sich die beiden Kopfflächen der beiden Abbrandkontakte 10 und 11 berühren und somit elektrisch leitend kontaktieren. Der gesamte Strom fliesst somit in diesem Schalterzustand über das Abbrandkontaktsystem 12 des Schalters 1.During a switch-on movement of the switch 1, the consumable contact 11 with the rated current contact 8 and with the insulating nozzle 13 in the direction of the longitudinal axis A to the inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7 and the Abbrandkontakt 10 to move, it being at the approach between the Abbrandkontakt 10 and the burn-off contact 11 comes to form an arc. The arc burns until the in FIG. 2b shown switch position "contact burning Abbrandkontaktsystem" is reached and touch the two top surfaces of the two Abbrandkontakte 10 and 11 and thus contact electrically conductive. The entire current thus flows in this switch state via the Abbrandkontaktsystem 12 of the switch. 1

Einige Millisekunden später nimmt der Leistungsschalter 1 die Schalterstellung "Kontaktgabe innere Nennstromkontakte" ein, die in Figur 2c dargestellt ist. Die Kontaktgabe wird durch den Moment des ersten physischen Kontaktes zwischen den inneren Nennstromkontakten 6 und dem gegenüberliegenden Nennstromkontakt 8 definiert. Der Aussendurchmesser des aus den inneren elastischen Nennstromkontakten 6 gebildeten Ringes 22 ist so zum Innendurchmesser des als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten Nennstromkontaktes 8 ausgewählt, dass der Nennstromkontakt 8 unter Überwindung einer Kontaktkraft über die Nennstromkontakte 6 geschoben wird, womit die Innenseite des als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten Nennstromkontaktes 8 die Aussenseite das aus Nennstromkontakten 6 gebildeten Ringes 23 überlappt und berührt. Auf Grund des viel kleineren elektrischen Widerstandes im Nennstromkontaktsystem 9 gegenüber dem Abbrandkontaktsystem 12 kommutiert der Strom vom Abbrandkontaktsystem 12 auf das Nennstromkontaktsystem 9, womit der im Schalter 1 fliessende Strom in diesem Moment vom Nennstromkontaktsystem 9 und dem dazu elektrisch parallel geschalteten Abbrandkontaktsystem 12 getragen wird. Gleichzeitig wird der Abbrandkontakt 10 entgegen der Federkraft der Feder 14, und verursacht durch die Einschaltbewegung des kontaktierenden Abbrandkontaktes 11 in Richtung des Auspuffvolumens 16 gedrückt.A few milliseconds later, the circuit breaker 1 takes the switch position "contact internal rated current contacts", which in Figure 2c is shown. The contact is defined by the moment of the first physical contact between the inner rated current contacts 6 and the opposite rated current contact 8. The outer diameter of the ring 22 formed from the inner elastic rated current contacts 6 is so selected to the inner diameter of the trained as a hollow cylinder rated current contact 8, that the rated current contact 8 is pushed overcoming the contact force over the rated current contacts 6, whereby the inside of the Hollow cylinder formed rated current contact 8 the outside overlaps the ring 23 formed from rated current contacts 6 and touches. Due to the much smaller electrical resistance in the rated current contact system 9 with respect to the consumable contact system 12, the current commutates from the consumable contact system 12 to the rated current contact system 9, whereby the current flowing in the switch 1 is carried at this moment by the rated current contact system 9 and the consumable contact system 12 connected in parallel thereto. At the same time, the burn-off contact 10 is pressed against the spring force of the spring 14 and caused by the switch-on movement of the contacting burn-off contact 11 in the direction of the exhaust volume 16.

Während der Einschaltbewegung bewegt sich weiterhin der durch einen nicht dargestellten Antrieb angetriebene Nennstromkontakt 8 auf die inneren und äusseren Nennstromkontakte 6 und 7 zu. Auf diese Weise wird die Schalterstellung "Ein" erreicht, wie in Figur 2d dargestellt. Der Innendurchmesser des aus den äusseren elastischen Nennstromkontakten 7 gebildeten Ringes 23 ist hier so zum Aussendurchmesser des als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten Nennstromkontaktes 8 gewählt, dass die inneren Nennstromkontakte 6 unter Überwindung einer zusätzlichen Kontaktkraft über die Nennstromkontakte 8 geschoben werden, womit die Innenseite das aus Nennstromkontakten 6 gebildeten Ringes 22 die Aussenseite des als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten Nennstromkontaktes 8 überlappt und berührt. Der Nennstromkontakt 8 wird somit auf Grund der von den inneren und äusseren Nennstromkontakten 6 und 7 ausgeübten Kontaktkraft zwischen den inneren und äusseren Nennstromkontakten 6 und 7 eingeklemmt.
Auf Grund des gleichen elektrischen Widerstandes der inneren Nennstromkontakte 6 und der äusseren Nennstromkontakte 7 teilt sich der Stromfluss im Schalter 1 im Wesentlichen über die inneren und äusseren Nennstromkontakte 6, und 7 auf. Dabei trägt der aus den äusseren Nennstromkontakten 7 gebildete Ring 23 von Kontakten etwa 65% des gesamten Stromes, während der aus den inneren Nennstromkontakten 6 gebildete Ring 22 etwa 35% des Stromes trägt. In der Schalterstellung "Ein" ist der durch die Abbrandkontakte 10 und 11 gebildete Strompfad elektrisch parallel zu dem durch die inneren Nennstromkontakte 6 mit dem Gegennennstromkontakt 8 ausgebildeten Strompfad und ist auch parallel zu dem durch die äusseren Nennstromkontakte 7 mit dem Gegennennstromkontakt 8 ausgebildeten Strompfad. Auf Grund des wesentlich geringeren elektrischen Widerstandes des Nennstromkontaktsystems 9 gegenüber dem Abbrandkontaktsystem 12 ist der Stromfluss durch die Abbrandkontakte 10, 11 vernachlässigbar.During the switch-on movement, the rated current contact 8 driven by a drive, not shown, continues to move towards the inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7. In this way, the switch position "on" is achieved, as in Figure 2d shown. The inner diameter of the ring 23 formed from the outer elastic rated current contacts 7 is here so selected to the outer diameter of the designed as a hollow cylinder rated current contact 8, that the inner rated current contacts 6 are pushed overcoming an additional contact force on the rated current contacts 8, whereby the inner side formed from rated current contacts 6 Ringes 22 the outside of the form of a hollow cylinder rated current contact 8 overlaps and touches. The rated current contact 8 is thus clamped on the basis of the force exerted by the inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7 contact force between the inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7.
Due to the same electrical resistance of the inner rated current contacts 6 and the outer rated current contacts 7, the current flow in the switch 1 is divided essentially over the inner and outer rated current contacts 6, and 7. In this case, the ring 23 of contacts formed by the outer rated current contacts 7 carries about 65% of the total current, while the ring 22 formed from the inner rated current contacts 6 carries about 35% of the current. In the Switch position "on" is formed by the Abbrandkontakte 10 and 11 current path electrically parallel to the formed by the inner rated current contacts 6 with the Gegennennstromkontakt 8 current path and is also parallel to the formed by the outer rated current contacts 7 with the Gegennennstromkontakt 8 current path. Due to the much lower electrical resistance of the rated current contact system 9 relative to the Abbrandkontaktsystem 12 of the current flow through the Abbrandkontakte 10, 11 is negligible.

Das in Figur 3 dargestellte Diagramm stellt qualitativ die Kräfte dar, die an den inneren und äusseren Nennstromkontakten 6 und 7 wirken und veranschaulicht die daraus resultierende Reibungskraft FR am Nennstromkontaktsystem 9, welche mittels des Antriebs überwunden werden muss, um die Einschaltbewegung der Kontaktanordnungen zu gewährleisten. Zum einen wirkt eine Reibungskraft (nicht dargestellt) in Richtung der Längsachse A entgegen der Einschaltbewegung verursacht durch die innern und äusseren Nennstromkontakte 6, 7, welche auf dem Nennstromkontakt 8 gleiten. Zum anderen tritt eine elektromagnetische Kraft auf, die senkrecht zur Einschaltrichtung wirkt, verursacht durch den Stromfluss in den inneren und äusseren Nennstromkontakten 6, 7. Ein steigender elektrischer Strom im Schalter 1 bewirkt auch eine steigende Kontaktkraft zwischen den äusseren Nennstromkontakten 7 und dem Gegennennstromkontakt 8.This in FIG. 3 The diagram shown qualitatively represents the forces acting on the inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7 and illustrates the resulting frictional force F R on the rated current contact system 9 which must be overcome by means of the drive in order to ensure the switch-on movement of the contact arrangements. On the one hand, a frictional force (not shown) acts in the direction of the longitudinal axis A against the switch-on movement caused by the inner and outer rated current contacts 6, 7, which slide on the rated current contact 8. On the other hand occurs an electromagnetic force acting perpendicular to the turn-on, caused by the current flow in the inner and outer rated current contacts 6, 7. An increasing electric current in the switch 1 also causes an increasing contact force between the outer rated current contacts 7 and the Gegennennstromkontakt eighth

Zum Zeitpunkt t0 befindet sich der Schalter 1 im Schalterzustand "Aus" wie in Figur 2a dargestellt. Der Stromfluss der Kontaktanordnungen ist unterbrochen, die Summe der einwirkenden Kräfte ist Null. In der Einschaltbewegung wird zum Zeitpunkt t1 nachdem das Abbrandkontaktsystem 12 geschlossen ist und sich die beiden Abbrandkontakte 10, 11 berühren (Figur 2b), der Schalterzustand "Kontaktgabe innere Nennstromkontakte" wie in Figur 2c dargestellt, durchfahren. Dabei tritt eine Reibungskraft am Nennstromkontaktsystem 9 zwischen dem Gegennennstromkontakt 8 und dem inneren Nennstromkontakt 6 auf, durch die elektromagnetische Kraft FI, welche gemindert wird. Die Kraft FI, wird hervorgerufen durch den Stromfluss in den inneren Nennstromkontakten 6. Diese elektromagnetische Kraft FI, wirkt der Anpresskraft zwischen Nennstromkontakt 8 und inneren Nennstromkontakt 6 entgegen. Somit wird im Moment des Stromflusses durch die innern Nennstromkontakte 6 die Anpresskraft und damit die resultierende Reibungskraft FR zwischen Nennstromkontakt 8 und den inneren Nennstromkontakten 6 verringert. Die resultierende Reibungskraft FR ist bei Stromfluss durch die inneren Nennstromkontakte 6 ist somit kleiner als die Reibungskraft, die auftritt, wenn kein Strom fliesst. Während der weiteren Schliessbewegung des Schalters 1 wird zum Zeitpunkt t2 die in Figur 2d dargestellte Schalterstellung "Ein" erreicht, ab der zusätzlich eine Reibungskraft, hervorgerufen durch die Kontaktbildung zwischen Nennstromkontakt 8 und äusserem Nennstromkontakt 7 auftritt. Gleichzeitig kommutiert ein Teil des Stromes von den inneren Nennstromkontakten 6 auf die äusseren Nennstromkontakte 7. Diese Kommutation bewirkt zum einen, dass die elektromagnetische Kraft FI, an den inneren Nennstromkontakten 6 abnimmt und gleichzeitig eine elektromagnetische Kraft FA auf die äusseren Nennstromkontakte 7 wirkt, welche die Anpresskraft dieser Kontakte 7 erhöht. Somit ergibt sich ab dem Zeitpunkt t2 die resultierende Reibungskraft FR aus der Anpresskraft der inneren und äusseren Nennstromkontakte 6 und 7 auf den Gegennennstromkontakt 8 sowie einer die Reibungskraft FR mindernde Komponente der elektromagnetischen Kraft FI, hervorgerufen durch den Stromfluss in den inneren Nennstromkontakten 6, sowie einer die Reibungskraft FR erhöhende Komponente der elektromagnetischen Kraft FA, hervorgerufen durch den Stromfluss in den äusseren Nennstromkontakten 7. Der elektrische Strom teilt sich über die Nennstromkontakte 6, 7 auf, so dass etwa 65% über die äusseren Nennstromkontakte 7 und etwa 35% über die inneren Nennstromkontakte 6 fliesst. Das Vorhandensein von inneren Nennstromkontakten 6 zusätzlich zu den äusseren Nennstromkontakten 7 mindert somit die and den Kontakten auftretende Reibungskraft im Vergleich zu der Kraft, die bei einem Leistungsschalter auftritt, welcher nur solche Nennstromkontakte aufweist, die von aussen auf einen innen liegenden Gegennennstromkontakt wirkenAt time t 0 , the switch 1 is in the switch state "off" as in FIG. 2a shown. The current flow of the contact arrangements is interrupted, the sum of the acting forces is zero. In the switch-on movement, at time t 1 after the burn-off contact system 12 is closed and the two burn-off contacts 10, 11 touch each other ( FIG. 2b ), the switch state "contact internal rated current contacts" as in Figure 2c shown, drive through. In this case, a frictional force on the rated current contact system 9 occurs between the Gegennennstromkontakt 8 and the inner rated current contact 6, through the electromagnetic force F I , which is reduced. The force F I , is caused by the current flow in the inner rated current contacts 6. This electromagnetic force F I , counteracts the contact force between rated current contact 8 and inner rated current contact 6. Thus, at the moment of current flow through the inner rated current contacts 6, the contact force and thus the resulting friction force F R between the rated current contact 8 and the inner rated current contacts 6 is reduced. The resulting frictional force F R at current flow through the inner rated current contacts 6 is thus smaller than the frictional force that occurs when no current flows. During the further closing movement of the switch 1 is at time t 2 in Figure 2d shown switch position "on" reached, from the addition of a frictional force caused by the contact formation between rated current contact 8 and external rated current contact 7 occurs. At the same time, a portion of the current commutes from the inner rated current contacts 6 to the outer rated current contacts 7. This commutation causes, on the one hand, that the electromagnetic force F I decreases at the inner rated current contacts 6 and at the same time an electromagnetic force F A acts on the outer rated current contacts 7, which increases the contact pressure of these contacts 7. Thus, as of time t 2, the resulting frictional force F R results from the contact force of the inner and outer rated current contacts 6 and 7 on the countercurrent contact 8 and a frictional force F R reducing component of the electromagnetic force F I caused by the current flow in the inner rated current contacts 6, and a frictional force F R increasing component of the electromagnetic force F A , caused by the current flow in the outer rated current contacts 7. The electric current is divided across the rated current contacts 6, 7, so that about 65% on the external rated current contacts 7 and about 35% flows over the inner rated current contacts 6. The presence of internal rated current contacts 6 in addition to the external rated current contacts 7 thus reduces the frictional force occurring at the contacts in comparison to the force that occurs in a Circuit breaker occurs, which has only such rated current contacts, which act from the outside to an internal Gegennennstromkontakt

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Leistungsschalterbreakers
22
Isolierstoffkörperinsulating
3, 43, 4
Stromanschlusspower connection
55
SchaltkammervolumenSwitching chamber volume
66
innere Nennstromkontakteinternal rated current contacts
77
äussere Nennstromkontakteexternal rated current contacts
88th
Nennstromkontakt wirkend als Gegenkontaktstück; GegennennstromkontaktRated current contact acting as mating contact piece; Against rated current contact
99
NennstromkontaktsystemRated current contact system
1010
Abbrandkontaktarcing
1111
Abbrandkontaktarcing
1212
Abbrandkontaktsystemarcing
1313
Isolierdüseinsulating
1414
Federfeather
1515
Auspuffvolumenexhaust volume
1616
Heizvolumenheating volume
1717
Kompressionsvolumencompression volume
1818
Heizkanalheating duct
1919
VentilValve
2020
rohrförmiger Abschnitttubular section
2121
NennstromkontakttragkörperRated current contact supporting body
2222
Ring der inneren NennstromkontakteRing of the internal rated current contacts
2323
Ring der äusseren NennstromkontakteRing of external rated current contacts
2424
Ringspaltannular gap
AA
Längsachselongitudinal axis

Claims (14)

Leistungsschalter (1) füllbar mit einem Löschgas und mit zwei relativ zueinander und entlang einer Längsachse (A) des Schalters verschiebbaren Kontaktanordnungen, welche Kontaktanordnungen ein Abbrandkontaktsystem (12) und ein dazu elektrisch parallel geschaltetes Nennstromkontaktsystem (9) aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine der Kontaktanordnungen innere Nennstromkontakte (6) und äussere Nennstromkontakte (7) des Nennstromkontaktsystems (9) umfasst, die inneren Nennstromkontakte (6) die äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) in Richtung der Längsachse (A) überragen und die äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) die inneren Nennstromkontakte (6) koaxial umgeben.Circuit breaker (1) fillable with an extinguishing gas and with two relative to each other and along a longitudinal axis (A) of the switch movable contact arrangements, which contact arrangements a Abbrandkontaktsystem (12) and a parallel electrically switched nominal current contact system (9), characterized in that one of Contact arrangements internal rated current contacts (6) and outer rated current contacts (7) of the rated current contact system (9), the inner rated current contacts (6) the outer rated current contacts (7) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (A) protrude and the outer rated current contacts (7) the inner rated current contacts ( 6) surrounded coaxially. Leistungsschalter (1) gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im eingeschalteten Zustand des Leistungsschalters die inneren Nennstromkontakte (6) und die äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) der einen Kontaktordnung mit einem Gegennennstromkontakt (8) der anderen Kontaktordnung in physischem Kontakt sind und dadurch zwei parallele Nennstrompfade gebildet werden.Circuit breaker (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the switched-on state of the circuit breaker, the inner rated current contacts (6) and the outer rated current contacts (7) of a contact order with a Gegennennstromkontakt (8) of the other contact order in physical contact and thereby two parallel Rated current paths are formed. Leistungsschalter (1) gemäss Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die inneren Nennstromkontakte (6) aus gleichem Material bestehen wie die äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) und den gleichen elektrischen Widerstand aufweisen.Circuit breaker (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner rated current contacts (6) consist of the same material as the outer rated current contacts (7) and have the same electrical resistance. Leistungsschalter (1) gemäss einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sowohl die inneren Nennstromkontakte (6) als auch die äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) als elastische Kontaktfinger ausgebildet sind.Circuit breaker (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that both the inner rated current contacts (6) and the outer rated current contacts (7) are designed as elastic contact fingers. Leistungsschalter (1) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im eingeschalteten Zustand des Schalters zwischen den inneren Nennstromkontaktfingern (6) und den äusseren Nennstromkontaktfingern (7) eine Kontaktkraft wirkt.Circuit breaker (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that in the switched-on state of the switch between the inner rated current contact fingers (6) and the outer rated current contact fingers (7) acts a contact force. Leistungsschalter (1) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die im eingeschalteten Zustand des Schalters wirkende Kontaktkraft derart gerichtet ist, dass die Kontaktkraft mit steigendem Strom im Schalter 1 zunimmt.Circuit breaker (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the force acting in the on state of the switch contact force is directed such that the contact force increases with increasing current in the switch 1. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gegennennstromkontakt (8) als ein Hohlzylinder ausgebildet ist.Circuit breaker (1) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the Gegennennstromkontakt (8) is designed as a hollow cylinder. Leistungsschalter (1) gemäss einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch die koaxiale Anordnung der äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) zu den ringförmig angeordneten inneren Nennstromkontakten (6) ein ringförmiger Spalt (24) ausgebildet wird, in welchen das Gegennennstromkontaktstück (8) beim Schliessen des Schalters hineingefahren wird.Circuit breaker (1) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that by the coaxial arrangement of the outer rated current contacts (7) to the annularly arranged inner rated current contacts (6), an annular gap (24) is formed, in which the Gegennennstromkontaktstück (8 ) is moved in when closing the switch. Leistungsschalter (1) gemäss Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zuerst die inneren Nennstromkontakte (6) und danach die äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) mit dem Gegennennstromkontakt (8) in Kontakt gebracht werden.Circuit breaker (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that first the inner rated current contacts (6) and then the outer rated current contacts (7) with the Gegennennstromkontakt (8) are brought into contact. Leistungsschalter (1) gemäss einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die inneren Nennstromkontaktfinger (6) und die äusseren Nennstromkontaktfinger (7) jeweils mittels Schraubverbindung im Schalter befestigt sind.Circuit breaker (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner rated current contact fingers (6) and the outer rated current contact fingers (7) in each case by means of a screw connection are mounted in the switch. Leistungsschalter (1) gemäss einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Abbrandkontaktsystem durch zwei bewegliche, hohlzylinderförmige Abbrandkontakte (10, 11) gebildet wird, und sich die Abbrandkontakte (10, 11) im eingeschalteten Zustand des Leistungsschalters an den Stirnseiten kontaktieren.Circuit breaker (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Abbrandkontaktsystem by two movable, hollow cylindrical Abbrandkontakte (10, 11) is formed, and contact the Abbrandkontakte (10, 11) in the on state of the circuit breaker on the end faces. Verfahren zum Einschalten eines elektrischen Leitungsschalters 1 für Hoch-oder Mittelspannung mit zwei Kontaktanordnungen, welche ein Abbrandkontaktsystem (12) mit Abbrandkontakten (10, 11) und ein dazu elektrisch parallel geschaltetes Nennstromkontaktsystem (9) aufweisen, das Verfahren umfassend: - Bewegen der beiden Kontaktanordnungen relativ zueinander und entlang einer Längsachse (A) des Schalters, - in einer ersten Phase kontaktieren des als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten Abbrandkontaktes (10) mit dem als Gegenkontakt wirkenden und als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten Abbrandkontakt (11) an den Stirnseiten der Hohlzylinder, - in einer folgenden Phase kontaktieren des Nennstromkontaktsystems (9), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
bei dem einen Gegennennstromkontakt (8), innere Nennstromkontakte (6) und äussere Nennstromkontakte (7) aufweisende Nennstromkontaktsystem (9) die inneren Nennstromkontakte (6) die äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) in Richtung der Längsachse (A) überragen, die äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) die inneren Nennstromkontakte (6) koaxial umgeben und zuerst die inneren Nennstromkontakte (6) und danach die äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) mit dem Gegennennstromkontakt (8) in Kontakt gebracht werden.Method for switching on an electrical line switch 1 for high or medium voltage with two contact arrangements, which have a consumable contact system (12) with consumable contacts (10, 11) and a nominal current contact system (9) connected in parallel electrically thereto, the method comprising: Moving the two contact arrangements relative to each other and along a longitudinal axis (A) of the switch, in a first phase, contact the burn-off contact (10) designed as a hollow cylinder with the burn-off contact (11) acting as a counter-contact and designed as a hollow cylinder at the end faces of the hollow cylinders, - in a following phase contact the rated current contact system (9), characterized in that
in which the nominal rated current contacts (6) project beyond the outer rated current contacts (7) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (A), the outer rated current contacts (7) project beyond the rated current contacts (8), inner rated current contacts (6) and outer rated current contacts (7) ) surrounding the inner rated current contacts (6) coaxially and first the inner rated current contacts (6) and then the outer rated current contacts (7) are brought into contact with the Gegennennstromkontakt (8). Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 12, gekennzeichnet durch den Verfahrensschritt: Bildung zweier paralleler Nennstrompfade durch Kontaktierung der inneren Nennstromkontakte (6) und der äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) mit dem gemeinsamen Gegennennstromkontakt (8).A process according to claim 12, characterized by the step of: forming two parallel rated current paths by contacting the inner rated current contacts (6) and the outer rated current contacts (7) to the common counter-rated current contact (8). Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 12 oder 13, gekennzeichnet durch den Verfahrensschritt: Hineinfahren des Gegennennstromkontaktstückes (8) in einen ringförmigen Spalt (24), welcher durch die koaxiale Anordnung der äusseren Nennstromkontakte (7) zu den ringförmig angeordneten inneren Nennstromkontakten (6) ausgebildet wird.A method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by the step of: driving in the counter-current contact piece (8) into an annular gap (24) which is formed by the coaxial arrangement of the external rated current contacts (7) to the ring-shaped inner rated current contacts (6).
EP20090172559 2009-10-08 2009-10-08 Voltage switch with parallel nominal current paths Active EP2309526B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

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EP20090172559 EP2309526B1 (en) 2009-10-08 2009-10-08 Voltage switch with parallel nominal current paths
US12/889,054 US8901447B2 (en) 2009-10-08 2010-09-23 Circuit breaker with parallel rated current paths
JP2010228021A JP5175322B2 (en) 2009-10-08 2010-10-08 Circuit breaker with parallel rated current path
CN201010513932.8A CN102034640B (en) 2009-10-08 2010-10-08 There is the power switch in rated current path in parallel

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CN102034640B (en) 2015-10-21
JP5175322B2 (en) 2013-04-03
CN102034640A (en) 2011-04-27
EP2309526B1 (en) 2012-10-03
JP2011082168A (en) 2011-04-21
US8901447B2 (en) 2014-12-02

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