EP2774158B1 - Switch for multi-pole direct current operation - Google Patents
Switch for multi-pole direct current operation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2774158B1 EP2774158B1 EP12780747.7A EP12780747A EP2774158B1 EP 2774158 B1 EP2774158 B1 EP 2774158B1 EP 12780747 A EP12780747 A EP 12780747A EP 2774158 B1 EP2774158 B1 EP 2774158B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switching
- bridge
- switch according
- contact regions
- pole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
- H01H9/36—Metal parts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
- H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
- H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
- H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multi-pole switch, which is provided in particular for a DC operation, with a partial switching chamber per pole.
- Electrical switches are components in a circuit that establish or disconnect an electrically conductive connection by means of internal, electrically conductive contacts. With a live connection to be cut, current flows through the contacts until they are separated. When an inductive circuit is disconnected by a switch, the current flow does not reduce immediately to zero, so that an arc can form between the contacts.
- the arc is a gas discharge by a per se non-conductive medium, such as air.
- AC alternating current
- arcs usually erase at the zero crossing of the alternating current. Since such a zero crossing of the current in switches with DC operation (DC) is missing, stable arcing can occur when disconnecting the contacts.
- EP2133898 A1 describes a multi-pole switch according to the preamble of claim 1. If a multi-pole switch is to be equipped accordingly, in particular with a polarity-independent extinguishing behavior, additional switching chambers for each pole are necessary. As a result, multipole switches can reach a size for which insufficient space, in particular not sufficient depth, is available in common control cabinets, for example.
- An object of the invention is to provide a multi-pole switch available whose space requirements, at least in depth, based on the installation situation in a cabinet, compared to single-ended switches is not or not much higher.
- the object is achieved by the switch according to claim 1.
- the switch according to the invention is intended for multi-pole operation, in particular direct current operation, with a switching chamber, wherein a partial switching chamber is provided for each pole.
- the switching chamber has a movable switching bridge extending through both sub-switching chambers, wherein a bridge switching piece is provided for each sub-switching chamber in the switching bridge and the bridge switching pieces are arranged at a distance from one another along a main extension direction of the switching bridge.
- the main extension direction of the switching bridge is aligned according to the invention substantially perpendicular to a movement axis of the switching bridge.
- the bridge contact pieces are advantageously arranged side by side substantially in a plane.
- the main extension direction of the switching bridge is that direction in which the switching bridge has its greatest extent, namely in the plane of the bridge contact pieces.
- Each of the sub-switching chambers accordingly has two fixed contact pieces, which are arranged in a plane parallel to the plane of the bridge contact pieces and which by the perpendicular to the Main extension direction of the bridge bridge movable bridge switching pieces synchronized electrically connected and disconnected.
- the subcircuit chambers are inventively arranged in a plane mirror symmetry to each other and formed. Against the action of arcs of the pole of the other part switching chamber, the sub-switching chambers are preferably electrically sealed off.
- each partial switching chamber has two switching pieces with a first contact region per switching piece, wherein the bridge bridge movable and electrically conductive bridge switching pieces each have two second contact areas for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas and for separating the have first and second contact areas.
- the bridge bridge movable and electrically conductive bridge switching pieces each have two second contact areas for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas and for separating the have first and second contact areas.
- the bridge switching pieces extend substantially perpendicular to the main extension direction of the switching bridge, wherein the fixed contact pieces extend parallel to the main extension direction of the switching bridge.
- At least two extinguishing devices are provided for extinguishing arcs, which can occur when the first and second contact regions are disconnected.
- four extinguishing devices for polarity-independent extinguishment of arcs which may occur during separation of the first and second contact areas, are provided for at least one of the partial switching chambers.
- first arc conductors extend from the first contact regions and second arc conductors extend from the second contact regions toward the extinguishing devices. This advantageously prevents an arc from occurring along the Bridge switching pieces moved in the direction of the switching bridge.
- a distance of the first arc conductors from the second arc conductors preferably increases in the direction of the extinguishing devices, whereby the respective arc is advantageously stretched on the way to the extinguishing device.
- a permanent magnet arrangement is provided to form in the areas between the first and second contact areas and the respective extinguishing devices a substantially homogeneous magnetic field for exerting a magnetic force on the arcs, so that at least one of the arcs, regardless of the current direction in the arc in the direction of one of Extinguishing devices is driven.
- the permanent magnet arrangement has at least two plate-shaped magnets, wherein the magnets are arranged on longitudinal sides of the partial switching chambers, in each case adjacent to the contact areas.
- the permanent magnet arrangement has two parallel pole plates, the pole plates being connected to one another by one or more permanent magnets to form a substantially U-shaped profile, whereby a particularly homogeneous magnetic field of high magnetic field strength can be built up.
- the embodiment of the invention according to the FIGS. 1 and 2 shows a multi-pole, independent of the current direction compact switch with efficient erase behavior.
- a double-break contact system is realized for each pole, in which each of the switching arcs arising when opening the contacts is always moved in the direction of an arc extinguishing device 61 regardless of the current direction using permanent magnetic blower.
- the contact and erase arrangements of both poles are housed here in a single switching chamber.
- the advantage of such a switch consists on the one hand in a relatively simple, easy to assemble construction, on the other hand in a switch of comparatively small installation depth. The embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS FIGS. 1 and 2 described.
- the switching chamber of the two-pole switch is subdivided in its main extension direction into two equally partitioned partial switching chambers 1, 2 or segments 1, 2 which are sealed off from one another and in which the contact and extinguishing arrangements of each pole are accommodated.
- a channel 3 which surrounds the switching bridge 35, in each of which a bridge bridge contact piece 30 is installed.
- the two bridge switching pieces 30 have the same installation depth and are arranged in a region of the center of the respective sub-switching chamber 1, 2, wherein the bridge switching pieces 30 extend in a direction which is rotated by 90 degrees against the main extension direction of the switching chamber.
- the bridge switching pieces 30 have second contact areas 31 or contact pads 31 for making contact with first contact areas 11 or fixed contacts 11. From the second contact portions 31 at right angles outgoing runner-shaped legs each extend in the direction of a connecting axis of two opposing extinguishing devices 61 and are angled in such a way that second arc conductors 32 are formed whose dropouts in the off state of the switch respectively in the direction of an upper edge 65 of the extinguishing devices 61 show.
- the fixed contact pieces 20a, 20b of the partial switching chamber 2 enter on the short side or head side of the switching chamber in this.
- the contact pieces 20a, 20b are angled or cranked, whereby first arc conductors 12 are made available.
- the fixed contacts 11 are arranged in an installation depth which corresponds approximately to the center of the extinguishing chambers 61. With closed contacts 11, 31 form the parallel switching pieces 20a, 20b together with the transverse thereto bridge switching piece 30 has a U-shaped current path.
- an arc runner arrangement is formed from the first arc conductors 12 and the second arc conductors 32, which widens in the direction toward the quenching chambers 61, so that a switching arc arising when the contacts are opened, that is to say when the second contact regions 31 are separated from the first contact regions 11, is rapidly moved in the direction of one of the extinguishing devices 61 under the influence of a magnetic blowing action and thereby continuously expands.
- the part switching chamber 1 with the switching pieces 10 a, 10 b is carried out analogously to the previously described part switching chamber 2.
- the extinguishing devices 61 are executed in the illustrated embodiment as so-called Deion chambers, which consist of a stack arrangement of mutually electrically insulated sheets, each with an air gap between two adjacent sheets.
- Each pair of contacts consisting of a first contact region 11 and a second contact region 31, two of the extinguishing chambers 61 are assigned, which are housed in the main extension direction of the switch in oppositely disposed niches.
- Each pole has, in a double interrupting contact arrangement, two pairs of opposite extinguishing chambers 61, which are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the switching bridge 35.
- the described contact and erase arrangements of both poles are preferably arranged axially symmetrically on both sides of a central axis in the main extension direction of the switching chamber.
- the structure of the magnetic blowing field in accordance with the illustrated embodiment FIGS. 1 and 2 realized via a permanent magnetic arrangement.
- This consists of two plate-shaped magnets 51 for each pole, which are arranged on the longer switching chamber wall in the region of the contact pairs 11, 31.
- the plate-shaped magnets Be arranged outside of the chamber wall or inside, for example, in accordance with insulating pockets of the inside niche walls.
- a switching arc arising when the contacts are opened is moved in the direction of one or the other of the two opposing extinguishing devices 61, due to the so-called magnetic blowing effect, caused by the Lorentz force, depending on the current direction.
- the permanent magnets are preferably either of ferritic material or of a material containing rare earth elements, for example Nd-Fe-B or Sa-Co, or of materials in the form of plastic-bonded molded parts.
- FIG. 3 schematically another embodiment of the inventive switch is shown, which differs from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 differs by an alternative extinguishing arrangement without Deion chambers.
- the extinguishing arrangement is given by a niche arrangement with walls of insulating material, preferably made of thermosetting plastic or ceramic, wherein the individual niches are spatially separated from each other sufficiently and exhaust ports are arranged on the outside walls.
- a niche arrangement with walls of insulating material, preferably made of thermosetting plastic or ceramic, wherein the individual niches are spatially separated from each other sufficiently and exhaust ports are arranged on the outside walls.
- the transverse thereto bulkheads 46 between the sub-switching chambers 1, 2 of both poles in terms of high thermal resistance to arc exposure of ceramic material.
- FIG. 4 a switching bridge 35 of a further embodiment of the switch according to the invention is shown, which differs from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 distinguished by an alternative permanent magnet arrangement.
- Achieving higher magnetic field strengths in the region of the switching contacts can be achieved by adding a further permanent magnet 51c, preferably by integration in the switching bridge 35 or by attachment to the inside niche walls for the extinguishing devices.
- the additional magnets 51c may be arranged inside, for example, in correspondingly insulating pockets of the inside niche walls.
- FIG. 5 a further variant of a permanent magnet arrangement for a further embodiment of the switch according to the invention is shown.
- An efficient magnetic blowing field of high homogeneity can be achieved by an arrangement of two plane-parallel plates 55 of magnetically good conductive material, preferably of soft magnetic iron, form, which are connected by one or more permanent magnets 57 in such a way that they form an approximately U-shaped profile.
- the polarity of the magnet 57 is indicated by the data North (N) and South (S).
- the distance between the parallel pole plates 55 is in this case dimensioned so that they extend in close proximity along the lateral outer walls of the quenching chamber.
- Recesses 58 are provided for the passage of bridge switching pieces 30.
- two axisymmetric arranged permanent magnet arrangements of the type shown are provided.
- the shield plate 56 serves to magnetically shield the switch from the permanent magnet 57.
Landscapes
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen mehrpoligen Schalter, der insbesondere für einen Gleichstrombetrieb vorgesehen ist, mit einer Teilschaltkammer je Pol.The invention relates to a multi-pole switch, which is provided in particular for a DC operation, with a partial switching chamber per pole.
Elektrische Schalter sind Komponenten in einem Stromkreis, die mittels interner, elektrisch leitender Kontakte eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung herstellen oder trennen. Bei einer zu trennenden, stromführenden Verbindung fließt Strom durch die Kontakte, bis diese voreinander getrennt werden. Wenn ein induktiver Stromkreis durch einen Schalter getrennt wird, reduziert sich der Stromfluss nicht unmittelbar auf Null, so dass es zur Bildung eines Lichtbogens zwischen den Kontakten kommen kann. Der Lichtbogen ist eine Gasentladung durch ein an sich nichtleitendes Medium, wie beispielsweise Luft. In Schaltern mit Wechselstrombetrieb (AC) löschen Lichtbögen in der Regel beim Nulldurchgang des Wechselstroms. Da ein solcher Nulldurchgang des Stroms in Schaltern mit Gleichstrombetrieb (DC) fehlt, können beim Trennen der Kontakte stabile Lichtbögen entstehen. Sofern der Stromkreis bei ausreichender Stromstärke und Spannung betrieben wird, beispielsweise bei mehr als etwa ein Ampere und mehr als 50 Volt, verlischt der Lichtbogen nicht selbsttätig. Aus diesem Grund sind bei derartigen Schaltern Löschkammern bekannt, die zum Löschen des Lichtbogens dienen. Die Zeitspanne, während der der Lichtbogen brennt, soll so kurz wie möglich gehalten werden, da der Lichtbogen eine große Wärmemenge freisetzt, die zum Abbrennen der Kontakte und/oder zur thermischen Belastung der Schaltkammer im Schalter führt und somit die Lebensdauer des Schalters verringert. Bei zwei- oder mehrpoligen Schaltern mit zwei oder mehr Schaltkammern werden entsprechend höhere Wärmemengen durch Lichtbögen freigesetzt als bei einpoligen Schaltern. Hier besteht daher besonderer Bedarf, die Lichtbögen schnell zu löschen.Electrical switches are components in a circuit that establish or disconnect an electrically conductive connection by means of internal, electrically conductive contacts. With a live connection to be cut, current flows through the contacts until they are separated. When an inductive circuit is disconnected by a switch, the current flow does not reduce immediately to zero, so that an arc can form between the contacts. The arc is a gas discharge by a per se non-conductive medium, such as air. In alternating current (AC) switches, arcs usually erase at the zero crossing of the alternating current. Since such a zero crossing of the current in switches with DC operation (DC) is missing, stable arcing can occur when disconnecting the contacts. If the circuit is operated with sufficient current and voltage, for example, more than about one ampere and more than 50 volts, the arc does not automatically go out. For this reason, in such switches extinguishing chambers are known which serve to extinguish the arc. The period of time during which the arc burns should be kept as short as possible, since the arc releases a large amount of heat, which leads to the burning of the contacts and / or the thermal load of the switching chamber in the switch and thus reduces the life of the switch. In two-pole or multi-pole switches with two or more switching chambers correspondingly higher amounts of heat are released by arcing than in single-pole switches. Therefore, there is a particular need to quickly extinguish the arcs.
Es ist weiterhin bekannt, die Löschung des Lichtbogens durch die Verwendung eines magnetischen Felds zu beschleunigen, das so gepolt ist, dass es eine treibende Kraft auf den Lichtbogen in Richtung der Löschkammern ausübt. Zur Erzeugung eines starken Magnetfelds werden in der Regel Permanentmagneten verwendet. Die treibende Kraft des magnetischen Felds in Richtung der Löschkammern ist nur bei einer bestimmten Stromflussrichtung gegeben. Polungsbedingte Einbaufehler von Schaltern werden durch Schalter für beide Stromrichtungen vermieden, die ein von der jeweiligen Polung unabhängiges Löschverhalten für Lichtbögen aufweisen. Ein solcher Schalter ist beispielsweise in der Druckschrift
Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, einen mehrpoligen Schalter zur Verfügung zu stellen, dessen Bauraumbedarf zumindest in der Tiefe, bezogen auf die Einbausituation in einem Schaltschrank, gegenüber einpoligen Schaltern nicht oder nicht wesentlich höher ist. Die Aufgabe wird durch den Schalter gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. In den Unteransprüchen sind bevorzugte Ausführungsformen und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen angegeben.An object of the invention is to provide a multi-pole switch available whose space requirements, at least in depth, based on the installation situation in a cabinet, compared to single-ended switches is not or not much higher. The object is achieved by the switch according to
Der erfindungsgemäße Schalter ist für einen mehrpoligen Betrieb, insbesondere Gleichstrombetrieb, mit einer Schaltkammer vorgesehen, wobei je Pol eine Teilschaltkammer vorgesehen ist. Die Schaltkammer weist eine durch beide Teilschaltkammern verlaufende, bewegliche Schaltbrücke auf, wobei in der Schaltbrücke jeweils ein Brückenschaltstück für jede Teilschaltkammer vorgesehen ist und die Brückenschaltstücke entlang einer Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Schaltbrücke beabstandet zueinander angeordnet sind. Die Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Schaltbrücke ist dabei erfindungsgemäß im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu einer Bewegungsachse der Schaltbrücke ausgerichtet. Bezogen auf die Einbautiefe in einem Schaltschrank oder einer vergleichbaren Einrichtung mit begrenzter Einbautiefe ausgedrückt, sind die Brückenschaltstücke vorteilhaft im Wesentlichen in einer Ebene nebeneinander angeordnet. Die Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Schaltbrücke ist diejenige Richtung, in der die Schaltbrücke ihre größte Ausdehnung aufweist, nämlich in der Ebene der Brückenschaltstücke. Jede der Teilschaltkammern weist dementsprechend zwei feststehende Schaltstücke auf, welche in einer Ebene parallel zu der Ebene der Brückenschaltstücke angeordnet sind und welche durch die senkrecht zu der Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Schaltbrücke bewegbaren Brückenschaltstücke synchronisiert elektrisch leitend verbunden und getrennt werden.The switch according to the invention is intended for multi-pole operation, in particular direct current operation, with a switching chamber, wherein a partial switching chamber is provided for each pole. The switching chamber has a movable switching bridge extending through both sub-switching chambers, wherein a bridge switching piece is provided for each sub-switching chamber in the switching bridge and the bridge switching pieces are arranged at a distance from one another along a main extension direction of the switching bridge. The main extension direction of the switching bridge is aligned according to the invention substantially perpendicular to a movement axis of the switching bridge. Expressed in terms of installation depth in a control cabinet or a comparable device with a limited installation depth, the bridge contact pieces are advantageously arranged side by side substantially in a plane. The main extension direction of the switching bridge is that direction in which the switching bridge has its greatest extent, namely in the plane of the bridge contact pieces. Each of the sub-switching chambers accordingly has two fixed contact pieces, which are arranged in a plane parallel to the plane of the bridge contact pieces and which by the perpendicular to the Main extension direction of the bridge bridge movable bridge switching pieces synchronized electrically connected and disconnected.
Die Teilschaltkammern sind erfindungsgemäß in einer Ebene spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander angeordnet und ausgebildet. Gegen das Einwirken von Lichtbögen des Pols der jeweils anderen Teilschaltkammer sind die Teilschaltkammern bevorzugt elektrisch abgeschottet.The subcircuit chambers are inventively arranged in a plane mirror symmetry to each other and formed. Against the action of arcs of the pole of the other part switching chamber, the sub-switching chambers are preferably electrically sealed off.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass jede Teilschaltkammer zwei Schaltstücke mit einem ersten Kontaktbereich je Schaltstück aufweist, wobei die mit der Schaltbrücke bewegbaren und elektrisch leitfähigen Brückenschaltstücke jeweils zwei zweite Kontaktbereiche zur Herstellung einer elektrisch leitenden Verbindung zwischen den ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereichen und zum Trennen der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche aufweisen. Dadurch ergibt sich ein mehrpoliger Schalter mit Doppelunterbrechung je Pol. Alternativ könnte auch ein Kontaktpaar aus erstem und zweitem Kontaktbereich je Pol untrennbar, beispielsweise durch eine Litze, verbunden sein, so dass eine Einfachunterbrechung realisiert werden kann.According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that each partial switching chamber has two switching pieces with a first contact region per switching piece, wherein the bridge bridge movable and electrically conductive bridge switching pieces each have two second contact areas for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas and for separating the have first and second contact areas. This results in a multi-pole switch with double interruption per pole. Alternatively, a contact pair of first and second contact region per pole could be inseparable, for example, connected by a stranded wire, so that a single interruption can be realized.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Brückenschaltstücke sich im Wesentlichen rechtwinklig zu der Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Schaltbrücke erstrecken, wobei die feststehenden Schaltstücke sich parallel zu der Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Schaltbrücke erstrecken.According to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the bridge switching pieces extend substantially perpendicular to the main extension direction of the switching bridge, wherein the fixed contact pieces extend parallel to the main extension direction of the switching bridge.
Für mindestens eine der Teilschaltkammern sind mindestens zwei Löschvorrichtungen zum Löschen von Lichtbögen, welche beim Trennen der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche auftreten können, vorgesehen. Um einen polaritätsunabhängigen Gleichstrombetrieb zu gewährleisten, ist vorgesehen, dass für mindestens eine der Teilschaltkammern vier Löschvorrichtungen zum polaritätsunabhängigen Löschen von Lichtbögen, welche beim Trennen der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche auftreten können, vorgesehen sind.For at least one of the partial switching chambers, at least two extinguishing devices are provided for extinguishing arcs, which can occur when the first and second contact regions are disconnected. In order to ensure a polarity-independent DC operation, it is provided that four extinguishing devices for polarity-independent extinguishment of arcs, which may occur during separation of the first and second contact areas, are provided for at least one of the partial switching chambers.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass erste Lichtbogenleiter sich von den ersten Kontaktbereichen und zweite Lichtbogenleiter sich von den zweiten Kontaktbereichen aus in Richtung zu den Löschvorrichtungen erstrecken. Dadurch wird vorteilhaft verhindert, dass ein Lichtbogen sich entlang der Brückenschaltstücke in Richtung der Schaltbrücke bewegt. Ein Abstand der ersten Lichtbogenleiter von den zweiten Lichtbogenleitern vergrößert sich vorzugsweise in Richtung der Löschvorrichtungen, wodurch der jeweilige Lichtbogen auf dem Weg zur Löschvorrichtung vorteilhaft gestreckt wird.According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that first arc conductors extend from the first contact regions and second arc conductors extend from the second contact regions toward the extinguishing devices. This advantageously prevents an arc from occurring along the Bridge switching pieces moved in the direction of the switching bridge. A distance of the first arc conductors from the second arc conductors preferably increases in the direction of the extinguishing devices, whereby the respective arc is advantageously stretched on the way to the extinguishing device.
Vorzugsweise ist eine Permanentmagnetanordnung vorgesehen, um in den Bereichen zwischen den ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereichen und den jeweiligen Löschvorrichtungen ein weitgehend homogenes Magnetfeld zur Ausübung einer magnetischen Kraft auf die Lichtbögen auszubilden, so dass mindestens einer der Lichtbögen unabhängig von der Stromrichtung im Lichtbogen in Richtung einer der Löschvorrichtungen getrieben wird. Die Permanentmagnetanordnung weist mindestens zwei plattenförmige Magnete auf, wobei die Magnete an Längsseiten der Teilschaltkammern, jeweils benachbart zu den Kontaktbereichen, angeordnet sind.Preferably, a permanent magnet arrangement is provided to form in the areas between the first and second contact areas and the respective extinguishing devices a substantially homogeneous magnetic field for exerting a magnetic force on the arcs, so that at least one of the arcs, regardless of the current direction in the arc in the direction of one of Extinguishing devices is driven. The permanent magnet arrangement has at least two plate-shaped magnets, wherein the magnets are arranged on longitudinal sides of the partial switching chambers, in each case adjacent to the contact areas.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Permanentmagnetanordnung zwei parallele Polplatten aufweist, wobei die Polplatten miteinander durch einen oder mehrere Permanentmagnete zu einem im Wesentlichen Uförmigen Profil verbunden sind, wodurch sich ein besonders homogenes Magnetfeld von hoher Magnetfeldstärke aufbauen lässt.According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the permanent magnet arrangement has two parallel pole plates, the pole plates being connected to one another by one or more permanent magnets to form a substantially U-shaped profile, whereby a particularly homogeneous magnetic field of high magnetic field strength can be built up.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Bezug auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Die Ausführungen sind lediglich beispielhaft und schränken den allgemeinen Erfindungsgedanken nicht ein.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment with reference to the drawings. The embodiments are merely exemplary and do not limit the general inventive concept.
Es zeigen
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undFiguren 12 eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schalters in verschiedenen Darstellungen; -
eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schalters;Figur 3 -
Figur 4 eine Schaltbrücke für eine der Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Schalters; -
Figur 5 eine Magnetanordnung für eine der Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Schalters.
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FIGS. 1 and2 an embodiment of the switch according to the invention in various representations; -
FIG. 3 a further embodiment of the switch according to the invention; -
FIG. 4 a switching bridge for one of the embodiments of the switch according to the invention; -
FIG. 5 a magnet arrangement for one of the embodiments of the switch according to the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform gemäß der
Die Schaltkammer des zweipoligen Schalters ist in ihrer Haupterstreckungsrichtung in zwei gegeneinander abgeschottete gleichgroße Teilschaltkammern 1, 2 oder Segmente 1, 2 unterteilt, in denen die Kontakt- und Löschanordnungen jeweils eines Pols untergebracht sind. Als einzige räumliche Verbindung zwischen den beiden Schaltkammerhälften 1, 2 verläuft mittig in der Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Schaltkammer ein Kanal 3, der die Schaltbrücke 35 umgibt, in die für jeden Pol jeweils ein Brückenschaltstück 30 eingebaut ist. Die beiden Brückenschaltstücke 30 weisen die gleiche Einbautiefe auf und sind in einem Bereich der Mitte der jeweiligen Teilschaltkammer 1, 2 angeordnet, wobei die Brückenschaltstücke 30 sich in einer Richtung erstrecken, die um 90 Grad gegen die Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Schaltkammer gedreht ist. Die Brückenschaltstücke 30 weisen zweite Kontaktbereiche 31 oder auch Kontaktplättchen 31 zur Herstellung des Kontakts zu ersten Kontaktbereichen 11 oder Festkontakten 11 auf. Von den zweiten Kontaktbereichen 31 rechtwinklig abgehende kufenförmige Schenkel verlaufen jeweils in Richtung einer Verbindungsachse zweier gegenüberliegender Löschvorrichtungen 61 und sind in der Weise abgewinkelt, dass dadurch zweite Lichtbogenleiter 32 gebildet sind, deren Ausfallenden im ausgeschalteten Zustand des Schalters jeweils in Richtung einer Oberkante 65 einer der Löschvorrichtungen 61 weisen.The switching chamber of the two-pole switch is subdivided in its main extension direction into two equally partitioned
Die feststehenden Schaltstücke 20a, 20b der Teilschaltkammer 2 treten an der kurzen Seite oder Kopfseite der Schaltkammer in diese ein. Im Bereich der Festkontakte 11 sind die Schaltstücke 20a, 20b schräg abgewinkelt bzw. gekröpft ausgebildet, wodurch erste Lichtbogenleiter 12 zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Die Festkontakte 11 sind in einer Einbautiefe angeordnet, die etwa der Mitte der Löschkammern 61 entspricht. Bei geschlossenen Kontakten 11, 31 bilden die parallel angeordneten Schaltstücke 20a, 20b zusammen mit dem quer dazu verlaufenden Brückenschaltstück 30 einen U-förmigen Strompfad. Durch die Geometrie der Schaltstücke 20a, 20b mit den ersten Kontaktbereichen 11 und den Brückenschaltstücken 30 mit den zweiten Kontaktbereichen 31 wird eine Lichtbogenlaufschienenanordnung aus den ersten Lichtbogenleitern 12 und den zweiten Lichtbogenleitern 32 gebildet, die sich in Richtung zu den Löschkammern 61 hin aufweitet, so dass ein beim Öffnen der Kontakte, also beim Trennen der zweiten Kontaktbereiche 31 von den ersten Kontaktbereichen 11, entstehender Schaltlichtbogen unter dem Einfluss einer magnetischen Blaswirkung schnell in Richtung einer der Löschvorrichtungen 61 bewegt wird und sich dabei kontinuierlich aufweitet. Die Teilschaltkammer 1 mit den Schaltstücken 10 a, 10b ist analog zu der zuvor beschriebenen Teilschaltkammer 2 ausgeführt.The fixed contact pieces 20a, 20b of the
Die Löschvorrichtungen 61 sind in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als sogenannte Deion-Kammern ausgeführt, die aus einer Stapelanordnung von gegeneinander elektrisch isolierten Blechen mit jeweils einem Luftspalt zwischen zwei benachbarten Blechen bestehen. Jedem Kontaktpaar, bestehend aus einem ersten Kontaktbereich 11 und einem zweiten Kontaktbereich 31, sind zwei der Löschkammern 61 zugeordnet, welche in der Haupterstreckungsrichtung des Schalters in gegenüberliegend angeordneten Nischen untergebracht sind. Jeder Pol weist bei einer doppelunterbrechenden Kontaktanordnung zwei Paare gegenüberliegender Löschkammern 61, die symmetrisch zu beiden Seiten der Schaltbrücke 35 angeordnet sind. Die beschriebenen Kontakt- und Löschanordnungen beider Pole sind vorzugsweise achsensymmetrisch zu beiden Seiten einer Mittelachse in Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Schaltkammer angeordnet.The extinguishing
Der Aufbau des magnetischen Blasfelds wird bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform gemäß
In der
In der
In der
- 1, 21, 2
- TeilschaltkammernPart interrupters
- 33
- Kanalchannel
- 10a, 10b10a, 10b
- Feststehende Schaltstücke der ersten TeilschaltkammerFixed contact pieces of the first part switching chamber
- 20a, 20b20a, 20b
- Feststehende Schaltstücke der zweiten TeilschaltkammerFixed contact pieces of the second part switching chamber
- 1111
- Erster Kontaktbereich, FestkontaktFirst contact area, fixed contact
- 1212
- Erster LichtbogenleiterFirst arc conductor
- 3030
- BrückenschaltstückBridging contact member
- 3131
- Zweiter KontaktbereichSecond contact area
- 3232
- Zweiter LichtbogenleiterSecond arc conductor
- 3535
- Schaltbrückejumper
- 4545
- Nischenwändeniche walls
- 4646
- Schottwändebulkheads
- 5151
- Magnetemagnets
- 51c51c
- Zusatzmagnetadditional magnet
- 5555
- Polplattenpole plates
- 5656
- Abschirmplatteshield
- 5757
- Permanentmagnetpermanent magnet
- 5858
- Ausnehmungrecess
- 6161
- Löschvorrichtungextinguishing device
- 6565
- Oberkante der LöschvorrichtungTop edge of the extinguishing device
Claims (12)
- Switch for multi-pole operation having a switching chamber, wherein a switching compartment (1, 2) is provided for each pole, wherein the switching chamber has a movable switching bridge (35) running through the switching compartments (1, 2), wherein a bridge contact (30) is provided in the switching bridge for each switching compartment (1, 2) and the bridge contacts are arranged spaced apart from each other along a main extension direction of the switching bridge (35) and wherein the main extension direction of the switching bridge (35) is oriented substantially perpendicular to an axis of movement of the switching bridge (35), wherein the bridge contacts (30) extend substantially at right angles to the main extension direction of the switching bridge (35), characterised in that fixed contacts (10a, 10b, 20a, 20b) are arranged parallel to the main extension direction of the switching bridge and that the switching compartments (1, 2) are arranged in mirror symmetry to one another.
- Switch according to Claim 1, characterised in that the switching compartments (1, 2) are electrically sealed off from the influence of arcs of the pole in the respective other switching compartment.
- Switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each switching compartment (1, 2) has two fixed contacts (10a, 10b, 20a, 20b) each with a first contact region (11), wherein the electrically conductive bridge contacts (30) moveable with the switching bridge (35) each have two second contact regions (31) for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact regions (11, 31) and for separating the first and second contact regions (11, 31).
- Switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that for at least one of the switching compartments (1, 2) at least two extinguishing devices (61) are provided for extinguishing arcs which may arise when separating the first and second contact regions (11, 31).
- Switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that for at least one of the switching compartments (1, 2) four extinguishing devices (61) are provided for polarity-independent extinguishing of arcs which may arise when separating the first and second contact regions (11, 31).
- Switch according to either Claim 4 or 5, characterised in that first arc guides (12) extend from the first contact regions (11) and second arc guides (32) extend from the second contact regions (31) towards the extinguishing devices (61, 62).
- Switch according to Claim 6, characterised in that a distance between the first arc guides (12) and the second arc guides (32) increases towards the respective extinguishing devices (61).
- Switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a permanent magnet arrangement is provided in order to form a largely homogenous magnetic field in the regions between the first and second contact regions (11, 31) and the respective extinguishing devices (61).
- Switch according to Claim 8, characterised in that the permanent magnet arrangement has at least two plate-shaped magnets (51), wherein the magnets (51) are arranged on long sides of the switch compartments (1, 2), in each case adjacent to the contact regions (11, 31).
- Switch according to either Claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the permanent magnet arrangement has two parallel pole plates (55), wherein the pole plates (55) are connected to each other by means of one or a plurality of permanent magnets (57) in a substantially U-shaped profile.
- Switch according to any one of Claims 4 to 10, characterised in that the extinguishing devices (61) are configured as deionising chambers with a stacking arrangement of sheets electrically isolated from one another with an air gap between two adjacent sheets in each case.
- Switch according to any one of Claims 4 to 10, characterised in that the extinguishing devices are formed by a recess arrangement with walls made of an insulating material, wherein individual recesses are largely sealed off from each other by recess walls (45) and/or partition walls (46) and wherein exhaust openings are arranged on an outside wall in each case.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12780747.7A EP2774158B1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-11-02 | Switch for multi-pole direct current operation |
PL12780747T PL2774158T3 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-11-02 | Switch for multi-pole direct current operation |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11187497.0A EP2590192A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2011-11-02 | Switch for multi-pole direct current operation |
EP12780747.7A EP2774158B1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-11-02 | Switch for multi-pole direct current operation |
PCT/EP2012/071718 WO2013064629A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-11-02 | Switch for multi-pole direct-current operation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2774158A1 EP2774158A1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
EP2774158B1 true EP2774158B1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
Family
ID=47115993
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11187497.0A Withdrawn EP2590192A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2011-11-02 | Switch for multi-pole direct current operation |
EP12780747.7A Active EP2774158B1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-11-02 | Switch for multi-pole direct current operation |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11187497.0A Withdrawn EP2590192A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2011-11-02 | Switch for multi-pole direct current operation |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP2590192A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2774158T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013064629A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9129761B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2015-09-08 | Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg | Switching device suitable for direct current operation |
US9406465B1 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2016-08-02 | Carling Technologies, Inc. | Polarity insensitive arc quench |
DE102018204104A1 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh | Switching unit for disconnecting a circuit and circuit breaker |
GB2575684A (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-22 | Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd | Switching device and switching arrangement |
GB201820594D0 (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2019-01-30 | Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd | Contact unit for a switching device and switching device |
GB2579848A (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2020-07-08 | Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd | Electromagnetic drive unit for a switching device and switching device |
FR3134224B1 (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2024-05-03 | Safran Electrical & Power | Double-pole double-break bidirectional contactor with reversed magnetic fields |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007054958A1 (en) | 2007-11-17 | 2009-06-04 | Moeller Gmbh | Switching device for DC applications |
US7973625B2 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2011-07-05 | General Electric Company | Tool free contact block |
EP2463877A1 (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | Eaton Industries GmbH | Switch with arcing chamber |
-
2011
- 2011-11-02 EP EP11187497.0A patent/EP2590192A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-11-02 WO PCT/EP2012/071718 patent/WO2013064629A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-11-02 PL PL12780747T patent/PL2774158T3/en unknown
- 2012-11-02 EP EP12780747.7A patent/EP2774158B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2774158T3 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
WO2013064629A1 (en) | 2013-05-10 |
EP2774158A1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
EP2590192A1 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
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