EP1883319B1 - Unite de transfert de batonnets de materiau tige utilises pour la fabrication de produits du tabac - Google Patents

Unite de transfert de batonnets de materiau tige utilises pour la fabrication de produits du tabac Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1883319B1
EP1883319B1 EP06744503A EP06744503A EP1883319B1 EP 1883319 B1 EP1883319 B1 EP 1883319B1 EP 06744503 A EP06744503 A EP 06744503A EP 06744503 A EP06744503 A EP 06744503A EP 1883319 B1 EP1883319 B1 EP 1883319B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sticks
flutes
unit
feed channels
drum
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06744503A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1883319A2 (fr
Inventor
Marco Esposti
Fiorenzo Draghetti
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GD SpA
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GD SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1883319A2 publication Critical patent/EP1883319A2/fr
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Publication of EP1883319B1 publication Critical patent/EP1883319B1/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/32—Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
    • A24C5/322—Transporting cigarettes during manufacturing
    • A24C5/326—Transporting cigarettes during manufacturing with lateral transferring means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a unit for transferring sticks of rod material used in the manufacture of tobacco products.
  • a stick of rod material where referred to in the following specification, can be taken to mean any given element of elongated cylindrical appearance as used in the manufacture of tobacco products.
  • the sticks in question could be cigarette sticks, for example, turned out by a dual rod type of cigarette making machine designed to generate two successions of cigarette rods, simultaneously and in parallel, which are cut subsequently by suitable devices into discrete lengths.
  • the rods might be rods of filter material.
  • a first conventional type of transfer unit takes the form of a rotating platform furnished with a plurality of arms, each equipped at the outer end with a gripper mechanism such as will take up two cigarette sticks emerging side by side from the dual rod cigarette maker and transfer them to the next machine.
  • the sticks thus transferred are kept parallel one with another and carried through an angle of 90° along a path describing an arc to a circle, to a position where they can be placed in flutes afforded by an infeed roller serving the filter tip attachment machine.
  • the prior art also embraces a second type of transfer unit, designed specifically to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • This transfer unit consists substantially in a drum, rotatable about an axis parallel to the feed direction followed by the sticks of rod material and presenting a succession of peripheral flutes by which the sticks are taken up seriatim and conveyed toward the filter tip attachment machine.
  • the rotating drum is positioned momentarily with two adjacent and successive flutes aligned on the outfeed point at which the sticks of rod material emerge from the dual rod maker. Two sticks are directed into the two flutes without any pause in the rotation of the drum, and another two mutually adjacent flutes next in sequence to the flutes filled previously are brought into alignment with the outfeed point of the dual rod maker. Given the high transfer speeds expected of the unit, and the need for compactness, the drum must necessarily rotate at high angular velocities.
  • the drum of the transfer unit is equipped with an impeller device serving to transmit a transverse velocity component to the sticks.
  • the impeller device also performs a function of distancing each pair of sticks leaving the dual rod maker from the next pair in sequence, by inducing a longitudinal acceleration in the pair passing onto the drum.
  • the impeller device is embodied as a roller, rotatable about an axis normal to the feed direction followed by the sticks of rod material and furnished with a helical groove extending the full length of its developable periphery. As the roller turns, the helical groove engages the successive pairs of sticks, investing them with a transverse velocity component and with a longitudinal acceleration component so as to ease their passage into the flutes of the drum.
  • transverse velocity components induced by the impeller roller in the transferred sticks can lead in extreme cases to the stick being broken, or in any event damaged, as a result of the excessive stresses in play.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to set forth a unit for transferring sticks of rod material used in the manufacture of tobacco products, such as will be unaffected by the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a unit for transferring sticks of rod material used in manufacturing tobacco products, capable of operating at high transfer speeds.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a transfer unit of which the operating capacity will remain independent of the dimensions presented by the sticks of rod material being transferred.
  • numeral 1 denotes a unit according to the present invention, in its entirety, for transferring sticks S of rod material (as defined in the foregoing preamble) used in the manufacture of tobacco products.
  • the unit 1 comprises two feed channels 2a and 2b extending parallel one with another and spaced apart at a predetermined pitch p, along which to direct respective successions of sticks S emerging from a dual rod maker (not illustrated).
  • the two feed channels 2a and 2b are connected, for example, to the outfeed stage T of a dual rod type machine (as illustrated schematically in figures 3 and 6 ) by which continuous cigarette or filter rods are first fashioned and then cut into discrete lengths.
  • the predetermined pitch p, between centres of the two feed channels 2a and 2b, is therefore dictated by the distance between the two channels T1 and T2 of the outfeed stage T and cannot be altered.
  • the unit 1 further comprises a drum 3 rotatable about an axis X parallel to the feed channels 2a and 2b; the drum 3 presents a plurality of flutes 4 ordered consecutively around its peripheral surface of revolution and alignable in pairs with the feed channels 2a and 2b in such a way as to take up the sticks S emerging from the dual rod maker.
  • the sticks S are thus directed repetitively into the flutes 4 and caused to advance as one with the rotating drum 3, before being released in ordered and consecutive sequence to a further machine on which they will undergo further processing steps.
  • the further machine in question might consist in a filter tip attachment machine (not illustrated), by way of example, in which case the sticks of rod material could consist either in sticks cut from a tobacco rod or sticks cut from a filter rod.
  • the single flutes 4 of the drum 3 are set apart one from the next at a distance less than the pitch p between the feed channels 2a and 2b.
  • the single flutes 4 of the drum 3 are identical one to another, equispaced, and occupy the full longitudinal dimension of the drum 3.
  • Each flute 4 presents a flared entry portion 5 to the advancing stick S, on the side of the drum facing the feed channels 2a and 2b, so that the sticks S are guided naturally into the relative flutes 4.
  • the drum 3 is also equipped with aspirating means 6 operating along each flute 4 in such a way as to retain the sticks S during the transfer step, that is to say during the rotation of the drum 3.
  • such aspirating means 6 comprise a vacuum pump (not illustrated), which might be installed internally of the drum 3 or remote from the drum 3, also a plurality of holes 7 (visible in figure 2 ) located in the flutes 4 and in fluid communication with the vacuum pump, in such a way as to generate a negative pressure at the surface of the flutes 4 and thus retain any sticks S placed therein.
  • a vacuum pump not illustrated
  • holes 7 visible in figure 2
  • the two flutes 4 of each successive pair presented to the feed channels 2a and 2b will always be separated by two intermediate flutes 4.
  • these same two flutes are not directly adjacent, but spaced apart by a distance equivalent to the width of two further flutes.
  • the dimensional and directional symbols adopted in the specification are referred to the drum 3, and accordingly, the displacement p1 of the single flute 4 is measured along an arc coinciding with a circumference R passing through the centres of the flutes 4; similarly, the pitch p dividing the two feed channels 2a and 2b is measured along an arc of the same circumference R.
  • the same result could be obtained nonetheless adopting a different system of reference, based for example on the two feed channels 2a and 2b, provided that all of the various distances are measured concordantly with the system selected.
  • the drum 3 rotates tangentially to the two feed channels 2a and 2b so that the pairs of flutes 4 will be positioned at the same height as the channels when in alignment.
  • the transfer unit 1 also incorporates impeller means 8 operating on the feed channels 2a and 2b in such a way as to gain a further enhancement of the effectiveness with which the sticks S are directed into the flutes 4 of the drum 3.
  • the impeller means 8 comprise a first pair of rollers 9 and a second pair of rollers 10 located downstream of the feed channels 2a and 2b, by which respective sticks S of rod material are taken up, accelerated and directed into the flutes 4 of the rotating drum 3.
  • each pair 9 and 10 rotate tangentially to the stick S on which they operate, and occupy respective planes Z1 and Z2 (indicated by phantom lines in figure 4 ) inclined in relation to the plane Z0 (indicated by a phantom line in figure 1 ) occupied by the two feed channels 2a and 2b.
  • each pair of impeller rollers 9 and 10 will interact with a predetermined portion of the relative stick S of rod material.
  • each of the sticks S advancing along the two channels 2a and 2b presents a gummed joint line in a predetermined position, extending along its full length
  • the rollers 9 and 10 are angled in such a way as to avoid any contact with the gummed joint and ensure that the integrity of the stick S is not degraded.
  • the sticks S of rod material are received directly from a dual rod type machine, and since the two rods are also gummed simultaneously by the machine, the sticks S will arrive at the unit 1 with the gum still not completely dried.
  • impeller rollers of the second pair 10 lie parallel to those of the first pair 9, and the two pairs overlap at least in part.
  • the two pairs of impeller rollers 9 and 10 interact with relative longitudinal portions of sticks S that are identical one to another, that is, engaging in contact at identical distances from the ends of two stick S advancing side by side, so that both of the sticks S advancing along the two feed channels 2a and 2b are subjected to the same axial acceleration, applied at identical points and at the same instant.
  • the two impeller rollers 9a-9b and 10a-10b of each contrarotating pair 9 and 10 are driven at a peripheral velocity at least equal to the linear velocity of the sticks S advancing along the two feed channels 2a and 2b.
  • the peripheral velocity of the rollers will be greater than the linear velocity of the sticks S, so that the sticks can be accelerated toward the drum 3.
  • the impeller rollers 9a-9b and 10a-10b are set in rotation by one or more drive means, coupled to suitable transmission components.
  • the drive means consist in an electric motor 11, whilst the transmission consists in a drive pulley 12 keyed to the motor 11 and linked to respective pulleys 13 and 14 associated with each impeller roller 10a and 10b of the second pair 10.
  • the pulleys 12, 13 and 14 are interconnected by a belt 15 in such a way that the two rollers 10a and 10b are made to rotate in opposite directions.
  • the roller denoted 10b is indicated in figure 6 for convenience of illustration.
  • impeller rollers 9a and 9b of the first pair 9 are power driven, coupled by way of a belt (not illustrated) to the aforementioned motor 11 driving the second pair 10 of rollers.
  • the transfer unit 1 also comprises inspection means 16 that will allow of exposing the impeller rollers 9a-9b and 10a-10b and the two feed channels 2a and 2b to view.
  • such inspection means 16 include a bottom plate 17 presenting the feed channels 2a and 2b, which can be mounted or integral, and carrying the two impeller rollers of the first pair 9, also a top plate 18 on which the rollers of the second pair 10 are mounted.
  • the top plate 18 can be moved between an operating position (shown in figures 1 , 4 and 5 ), placed over the bottom plate 17, and an inspection position (shown in figure 2 ) distanced from the selfsame bottom plate 17.
  • the aforementioned drive means can be installed directly on the face of the bottom plate 17 and/or of the top plate 18, or internally of the plates.
  • the electric motor 11 is housed internally of the bottom plate 17.
  • the bottom plate 17 and top plate 18 are connected by a hinge 19; with this arrangement, the top plate can swing away from the bottom plate 17, opening in the manner of a book to allow inspection of the impeller means 8 and the feed channels 2a and 2b.
  • the transfer unit 1 functions as indicated schematically in figure 5 .
  • Two sticks S1 of a first pair are guided into two first flutes 4 presented to the feed channels 2a and 2b, whereupon the drum 3, rotating at constant angular velocity in the direction of the arrow F in figure 5 , will bring two further flutes 4 into alignment with the feed channels 2a and 2b as soon as these are ready to release a second pair of sticks S2.
  • the second flutes 4 are distanced from the first flutes which took up the first pair of sticks S1, by a gap 2/3 of the pitch p between the feed channels 2a and 2b.
  • the sticks S2 of the second pair are duly transferred to the rotating drum 3, which then brings two third flutes 4 into alignment with the feed channels 2a and 2b.
  • the third flutes 4 are distanced from the second flutes by a gap 2/3 of the pitch p between the feed channels 2a and 2b.
  • the process of filling the drum continues in the manner described, and each flute 4 of the drum 3 is thus able to admit a respective stick S of rod material.
  • the rotational speed of the drum can be reduced by 1/3 compared to that of drums in prior art units, or alternatively, maintaining the same speed of rotation, the number of sticks transferred can be increased by 1/3.

Landscapes

  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Claims (25)

  1. Une unité de transfert de bâtonnets de matériau tige utilisés pour la fabrication de produits du tabac, comprenant deux canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b), parallèles et espacés d'un pas (p) prédéfini, le long desquels sont acheminées et transportées des successions respectives de bâtonnets (S) de matériau tige sortant d'une confectionneuse de type à double bâtonnet, ainsi qu'un tambour (3) mis en rotation autour d'un axe (X) parallèle aux canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b) et présentant une pluralité de cannelures (4) ordonnées consécutivement autour d'une surface périphérique de révolution correspondante et pouvant être alignées par paires avec les canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b) de manière à prélever les bâtonnets (S) qui avancent le long de ces mêmes canaux (2a, 2b), ladite unité étant caractérisée en ce que chaque cannelure (4) du tambour (3) est séparée de la cannelure adjacente d'une distance qui est inférieure au pas (p) entre les deux canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b).
  2. L'unité selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les cannelures (4) sont régulièrement espacées entre elles.
  3. L'unité selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le tambour (3) présente deux cannelures (4) entre chaque paire de cannelures pouvant être alignées avec les canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b).
  4. L'unité selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le tambour (3) tourne d'un angle qui détermine un déplacement (p1) de chaque cannelure (4) équivalant aux deux tiers du pas (p) entre les deux canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b), chaque fois qu'une paire de bâtonnets (S) de matériau tige est prélevé par une paire de cannelures (4).
  5. L'unité selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le tambour (3) tourne à une vitesse angulaire constante.
  6. L'unité selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens d'impulsion (8) agissant le long des canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b) et servant à envoyer les bâtonnets (S) de matériau tige dans les cannelures (4) du tambour (3).
  7. L'unité selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le tambour (3) tourne tangentiellement aux canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b), de manière à pouvoir aligner les paires de cannelures (4) à la même hauteur que les canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b).
  8. L'unité selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les cannelures (4) comprennent chacune des portions d'entrée évasées (5) respectives, orientées vers les canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b), le long desquelles les bâtonnets (S) de matériau tige sont naturellement guidés dans les cannelures correspondantes.
  9. L'unité selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le tambour (3) comprend des moyens d'aspiration (6) agissant le long de chacune des cannelures (4) et servant à retenir les bâtonnets (S) pendant la rotation du tambour (3).
  10. L'unité selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'impulsion (8) comprennent une première paire (9) de rouleaux et une deuxième paire (10) de rouleaux situées en aval des canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b) et destinées à assujettir, à accélérer et à envoyer dans les cannelures (4) du tambour rotatif (3) des bâtonnets (S) respectifs de matériau tige sortant des canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b).
  11. L'unité selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que les rouleaux d'impulsion (9a, 9b, 10a, 10b) de chaque paire (9, 10) tournent chacun tangentiellement au bâtonnet (S) avec lequel ils interagissent, en occupant des plans (Z1, Z2) respectifs qui sont inclinés par rapport au plan (Z0) occupé par les deux canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b), et en étant positionnés de manière à assujettir des portions prédéfinies des bâtonnets (S).
  12. L'unité selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que les rouleaux (10a, 10b) de la deuxième paire (10) sont parallèles à et chevauchent au moins partiellement les rouleaux (9a, 9b) de la première paire (9), de manière à assujettir les mêmes portions de bâtonnets (S) correspondants de matériau tige que celles qui sont assujetties par les rouleaux de la première paire (9).
  13. L'unité selon les revendications de 10 à 12, caractérisée en ce que les rouleaux d'impulsion (9a, 9b, 10a, 10b) tournent à une vitesse périphérique au moins égale à la vitesse des bâtonnets (S) de matériau tige qui avancent le long des canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b).
  14. L'unité selon les revendications de 10 à 13, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens (16) servant à inspecter les rouleaux d'impulsion (9a, 9b, 10a, 10b) et les canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b).
  15. L'unité selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'inspection (16) sont constitués par une plaque inférieure (17) présentant les canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b), montés ou incorporés intégralement, et supportant la première paire (9) de rouleaux d'impulsion, et une plaque supérieure (18) supportant la deuxième paire (10) de rouleaux d'impulsion, la plaque supérieure (18) pouvant se déplacer entre une position opérationnelle, située au-dessus de la plaque inférieure (17), et une position d'inspection éloignée de cette même plaque inférieure (17).
  16. L'unité selon la revendication 15, caractérisée en ce que la plaque inférieure (17) et/ou la plaque supérieure (18) comprennent des moyens d'entraînement respectifs par l'intermédiaire desquels la première paire (9) de rouleaux d'impulsion et la deuxième paire (10) de rouleaux d'impulsion sont respectivement mises en rotation.
  17. L'unité selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisée en ce que la plaque supérieure (18) est articulée à la plaque inférieure (17) et peut ainsi se déplacer entre la position opérationnelle et la position d'inspection.
  18. L'unité selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les bâtonnets (S) de matériau tige sont des bâtonnets de cigarette.
  19. L'unité selon les revendications de 1 à 17, caractérisée en ce que les bâtonnets (S) de matériau tige sont des bâtonnets-filtres.
  20. Un système pour la fabrication de produits du tabac, comprenant au moins une unité de transfert (1) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes.
  21. Un procédé de transfert de bâtonnets de matériau tige utilisés pour la fabrication de produits du tabac, comprenant la phase consistant à alimenter une première paire de bâtonnets (S1) de matériau tige dans deux cannelures périphériques d'un tambour (3) présentant une pluralité de ces cannelures (4) pouvant être alignées avec des canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b) le long desquels avancent lesdits bâtonnets, ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les autres phases consistant à faire tourner le tambour (3) autour d'un axe de rotation (X) parallèle aux deux canaux (2a, 2b) d'un angle équivalant aux deux-tiers du pas (p) entre les deux canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b), de manière à aligner deux autres cannelures avec une deuxième paire de bâtonnets (S) sortant desdits canaux d'alimentation (2a, 2b), et à diriger la deuxième paire de bâtonnets dans les deux autres cannelures.
  22. Le procédé selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que le tambour (3) tourne à une vitesse constante.
  23. Le procédé selon la revendication 21 ou 22, comprenant la phase consistant à accélérer les bâtonnets (S) de matériau tige quand ceux-ci sont dirigés dans les cannelures.
  24. Le procédé selon la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce que l'accélération imprimée aux bâtonnets de matériau tige est uniquement longitudinale.
  25. Le procédé selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que la séquence de phases par l'intermédiaire desquelles des bâtonnets de matériau tige sont dirigés dans les cannelures du tambour (3) est répétée un nombre prédéfini de fois de manière à ce qu'une pluralité de cannelures occupant au moins un secteur circulaire du tambour (3) puisse être remplie avec des bâtonnets respectifs de matériau tige.
EP06744503A 2005-04-19 2006-04-18 Unite de transfert de batonnets de materiau tige utilises pour la fabrication de produits du tabac Not-in-force EP1883319B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000252A ITBO20050252A1 (it) 2005-04-19 2005-04-19 Unita' di trasferimento di spezzoni di baco per il confezionamento di articoli da fumo
PCT/IB2006/000894 WO2006111814A2 (fr) 2005-04-19 2006-04-18 Unite de transfert de batons de materiau tige pour la fabrication de produits du tabac

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1883319A2 EP1883319A2 (fr) 2008-02-06
EP1883319B1 true EP1883319B1 (fr) 2009-06-17

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06744503A Not-in-force EP1883319B1 (fr) 2005-04-19 2006-04-18 Unite de transfert de batonnets de materiau tige utilises pour la fabrication de produits du tabac

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1883319B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101287385B (fr)
AT (1) ATE433677T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE602006007341D1 (fr)
IT (1) ITBO20050252A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006111814A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011007429A1 (de) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Förderung von stabförmigen Artikeln der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie
CN102845831B (zh) * 2011-06-28 2015-02-04 中烟机械技术中心有限责任公司 用于传递棒状制品的装置和方法
PL233095B1 (pl) * 2015-07-16 2019-09-30 Int Tobacco Machinery Poland Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Sposób przesuwania artykułów prętopodobnych, oraz urządzenie do przesuwania artykułów prętopodobnych

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1172096B (it) * 1981-11-24 1987-06-18 Gd Spa Dispositivo per il trasverimento di spezzioni di sigarettada una macchina confezionatrice a doppio eaco di sigarettaad una macchina mettifiltro
IT1176478B (it) * 1983-08-29 1987-08-18 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Procedimento e dispositivo per trasferire sigarette da un dispositivo per formare un filone doppio ad una macchina per applicare filtri
GB8324510D0 (en) * 1983-09-13 1983-10-12 Molins Plc Cigarette making machine
CN1022084C (zh) * 1989-02-28 1993-09-15 日本烟业产业株式会社 制造香烟过滤嘴的装置
EP0682881B1 (fr) * 1994-05-20 2000-08-23 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Unité de transfert de portions de cigarette d'une machine de fabrication à deux tiges vers une machine d'assemblage de filtre
PL196117B1 (pl) * 2001-05-25 2007-12-31 Int Tobacco Machinery Poland Sposób oddzielania strumieni przemieszczających się wielowarstwowych stosów elementów prętopodobnych oraz urządzenie zaworowe do oddzielania strumieni przemieszczających się wielowarstwowych stosów elementów prętopodobnych

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITBO20050252A1 (it) 2005-07-19
ATE433677T1 (de) 2009-07-15
DE602006007341D1 (de) 2009-07-30
WO2006111814A3 (fr) 2008-07-03
WO2006111814A2 (fr) 2006-10-26
EP1883319A2 (fr) 2008-02-06
CN101287385A (zh) 2008-10-15
CN101287385B (zh) 2011-08-24

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