EP1881292A1 - Device for detecting and counting shots from an automatic or semi-automatic firearm and firearm provided with such a device - Google Patents

Device for detecting and counting shots from an automatic or semi-automatic firearm and firearm provided with such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1881292A1
EP1881292A1 EP06077147A EP06077147A EP1881292A1 EP 1881292 A1 EP1881292 A1 EP 1881292A1 EP 06077147 A EP06077147 A EP 06077147A EP 06077147 A EP06077147 A EP 06077147A EP 1881292 A1 EP1881292 A1 EP 1881292A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weapon
shock
occurrence
shocks
shot
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EP06077147A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1881292B1 (en
Inventor
René Joannes
Jean-Paul Delcourt
Patrick Heins
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FN Herstal SA
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FN Herstal SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/01—Counting means indicating the number of shots fired

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the detection and counting of shots fired by an automatic or semi-automatic weapon and weapon equipped with such a device.
  • An automatic or semi-automatic weapon has indeed moving parts which are subject to wear and degradation during the life of the weapon and which can cause firing stops of the weapon when the weapon does not. is not maintained in a regular and preventive manner.
  • the moving parts of a weapon are reciprocated in the axial direction of the barrel between a forward position and a rear position, this movement allowing the rearming during firing, that is to say the extraction out of the chamber of the drawn sleeve, its ejection and then the introduction of a new cartridge in the empty chamber, either in semi-automatic mode also called piecemeal or burst.
  • This sequence of operation can also be carried out in another order, namely introduction of a new cartridge into the empty chamber, firing the ammunition, extraction out of the chamber of the drawn sleeve and ejection.
  • This movement back and forth is generally in a direction parallel to the axis of the barrel of the weapon.
  • the energy generating the recoil motion is provided by the mechanism actuation device, which is either a gas-borrowing mechanism, or a short recoil gun mechanism, or a long-barrel recoil mechanism, either a "blowback” or “delayed blowback” mechanism, this list not being exhaustive.
  • the energy generating the return movement of the mechanism is provided by a recovery spring compressed during the recoil phase.
  • the wear of the weapon and therefore the maintenance to be provided essentially depend on the movements of moving parts and thus on the conditions of use of the weapon, such as the number of shots fired and the speeds and speeds shooting.
  • these known devices record the occurrence of a shot, without any other information on the kinematic behavior of the weapon when fired, allowing only to get an idea of the need for preventive maintenance of the weapon .
  • the object of the invention is to avoid one or more of these disadvantages.
  • the principle of the invention is based on the observation that during firing, for each shot fired, the weapon undergoes accelerations in the axial direction of the gun, these accelerations being due to a succession of shocks due to the start of the blow and the movements of moving parts and that the progression of these accelerations over time is typical for a weapon and the type of ammunition used, thus forming a typical signature for the weapon and the type of ammunition fired.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a device for the detection and counting of shots fired by an automatic or semi-automatic weapon, which comprises a shock-sensitive bandwidth accelerometer in the axial direction of the barrel and a microprocessor for analyzing the signal of the accelerometer during firing, the microprocessor being provided with an algorithm for counting the number of shots based on the determination and the recording of the occurrence of a shot based on the detection, in the accelerometer signal of all or part of the characteristic elements of the acceleration signature specific to the type of weapon and the different types ammunition used, these features being recorded previously in a memory of the device.
  • the use of the accelerometer makes it possible to perform a fine analysis of the phenomena of acceleration that occur in the weapon during firing, so as to be independent of the level of recoil of the weapon, and therefore of the various factors that affect this one.
  • the algorithm makes it possible to discriminate the type of ammunition used according to whether the occurrence of at least one part or of certain characteristic elements of the acceleration signature correspond to the signature of the type of ammunition used, for example to discriminate the blank firing of live ammunition, taking into account the direction of the first initial shock.
  • the device makes it possible to measure and memorize the time interval between the first and the second shock, this interval corresponding to the recoil time of the moving parts of the weapon.
  • the recoil time thus recorded is important information regarding the behavior of the weapon and the quality of its setting, thus allowing the diagnosis and / or the adjustment of the weapon.
  • the invention also relates to an automatic or semi-automatic weapon equipped with a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of device 1 according to the invention.
  • the device 1 is preferably small, and can therefore be easily integrated into most weapons, by example in the handle of it.
  • All components 1 to 6 can be mounted on the same card, the device 1. then constituting a standalone module that requires no connection inside the weapon.
  • the operating principle of the device 1 is based on the use of an accelerometer 2 with adequate bandwidth and a particular signal processing algorithm provided by this accelerometer which detects and analyzes in this signal the events related to the kinematic phenomena appearing during a shot, in order to reliably conclude at the occurrence of a shot, and to discriminate a blank shot from a live shot, while rejecting shocks due to falls, rearm to let go empty, this algorithm being parameterizable and its parameters that can be adapted according to the characteristics specific to the type of weapon concerned.
  • FIG. 2 shows the recording of the signal S as a function of the time T during a real shot with a weapon of a particular type by an accelerometer whose bandwidth is of the order of 400 Hz.
  • the delay between the 3 shocks, as well as the length in time of the "calm zones" D and E are in ranges values that are characteristic of the type of weapon, the particular values of these times for a given weapon being influenced by the setting of the weapon and its state of lubrication and wear.
  • Figure 3 shows the signal S generated by the accelerometer 2, under the same conditions, however, when firing a blank bullet with the same weapon.
  • the algorithm for determining and recording the occurrence of a shot consists in analyzing in the signal S provided by the accelerometer 2 the presence of all or part of the events A to E in order to conclude that a shot is being made.
  • the triggering of the application of the algorithm can be determined, for example, by the detection of the crossing of a threshold 7 by the signal S of the accelerometer 2, as shown in FIG.
  • the direction of the starting pulse A is used to determine whether the shot is that of a real or blank bullet.
  • a preferred embodiment of the device 1 takes into account the intervals between the three shocks A, B and / or C, as well as the durations of the "quiet zones" D and / or E, which, to be accepted as criteria of occurrence of a firing, must be in plausible time ranges, specific to the type of weapon concerned, these time ranges being programmable parameters of the algorithm.
  • the second shock B due to the rear stop of the moving parts may not exist or be too weak that to be taken into account, the absence of this second shock B also indicates in general a defect of adjustment and a limit operation of the weapon, the energy recovery by the moving parts being insufficient to ensure rearming of the weapon.
  • Measuring the level of this second shock B is therefore a representative element of the kinematic behavior of the weapon.
  • the "lack recoil" that is to say the absence of the second shock B during a shot is stored as a particular event associated with this shot, indicative of a malfunction. 'armed.
  • the recoil time TR of the moving parts characterized by the time interval between the first shock A and the second shock B as indicated in FIG. 1, is also a parameter representative of the kinematic behavior of the weapon.
  • this parameter is measured and stored to allow the diagnosis and / or the adjustment of the weapon.
  • the microprocessor 3 can, based for example on its internal clock, measure the time interval between two shots, and thus define the bursts and their length, that is to say, identify the firing regimes, which are decisive with regard to parts wear. It can also measure cadences during gunshots.
  • This ability can be used to report to the shooter in real time that he or she meets or exceeds the fire rating for the weapon in a continuous fire.
  • the maximum level of the signal generated by the shock B is measured and stored to enable the diagnostic and / or the setting of the weapon.
  • the ratio between the maximum level of the signal generated by the shock B and the maximum level of the initial shock A and / or the maximum level of the closing shock C is calculated and stored for allow the diagnosis and / or adjustment of the weapon.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a particular embodiment of the device that exploits this possibility: when the microprocessor 3 detects an excessive gust length, it warns the firer via a suitable display 8, consisting, for example, of a set of Indicators 9, 10, 11 of different colors, the green indicator 9 indicates normal use, the orange indicator 10 a limit use and the red indicator 11 a potentially dangerous situation.
  • a suitable display 8 consisting, for example, of a set of Indicators 9, 10, 11 of different colors
  • the green indicator 9 indicates normal use
  • the orange indicator 10 a limit use and the red indicator 11 a potentially dangerous situation.
  • Such a function is especially useful in the case of machine guns.
  • the ability of the device 1 to continuously monitor the firing regimes can also be used to act directly on the mechanism of the weapon 12, through a suitable mechanical interface or an actuator 13 as shown in Figure 6 , and modify the mode of operation, for example by causing the passage from a closed breech shot to an open breech shot (see for example the patent Belgian no.1.001.909 ), in order to avoid the spontaneous firing of ammunition in the chamber.
  • a real-time clock 14 which enables the microprocessor 3 to record in the memory 4 the exact and complete date of each shot fired.
  • a location system 15, of the GPS type for example, either in combination with the clock 14 or alone, which allows the microprocessor 3 to record in the memory 4 the position of the weapon when of each shot.
  • the devices described make it possible to detect and record the shots, possibly differentiating shots from live ammunition and blank bullets, and to continuously analyze the kinematic behavior of the weapon, in particular by measuring the firing time. moving parts backwards, in order to detect adjustment faults or performance drifts due to wear of parts.
  • the devices described allow to control continuously and in real time the use and the effectiveness of the weapon, by signaling to the shooter the existence abnormal operating conditions or dangerous firing regimes, or even by intervening on the firing mechanism to adapt its operation, for example, to cause the passage from a closed breech shot to an open breech shot, in order to avoid spontaneous firing of ammunition in the chamber.
  • each type of weapon is characterized by its own sequence of moving parts back and forth and therefore by its own signature of accelerations showing a series of shocks and specific quiet zones for the weapon and for the ammunition used.
  • the management of the energy source requires some measures.
  • the lifetime of the power source 6 of the device 1, for example a battery, is an essential criterion of acceptance of the concept.
  • the battery should be non-replaceable and inaccessible, and maintain the life of the weapon while being of small size.
  • the power consumption of the device 1 can be minimized by managing power-up and sleep of electronic circuits 16 so that they are powered at full power only when necessary.
  • a first method, illustrated in Figure 8, is to place, in series with the power source 6 of the device 1, a switch 17 which is actuated to close by the pressure on the trigger of the weapon.
  • a second method is to use a switch 17 which is a suitable sensor handle grip.
  • the pickup sensor will be, for example, a Q-Prox® type capacitive sensor, the standing power supply at rest is of the order of ten microamperes.
  • a third method is to use a switch 17 in the form of a shock sensor actuated from a certain predetermined shock level.
  • This shock sensor is designed to detect any shock likely to correspond to the starting pulse A of a shot, and to put the device under tension from the detection of this shock.
  • the momentary closing of the sensor 17 causes a locking circuit 18 to be energized, which transmits the power supply to the circuits 16 of the device 1; these, once active, can then apply to the signal S of the accelerometer the detection algorithms and counting shots.
  • a bidirectional shock sensor 17 that is normally open, sensitive only to shocks occurring in one direction or the other of its detection axis, fixed on the weapon so that its detection axis XX 'is parallel, will be used. to the axis of the gun YY 'and whose sensitivity will be chosen so that it responds to pulse levels corresponding to actual shots or to blanks.
  • the activation time of the circuits 16 of the device 1, from their power up can be several milliseconds, in which case the pulse of the starting shot corresponding to the first shock A will not be perceived.
  • An advantage of the device 1 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is that the shock sensor 17 or the shock sensors 19 and 20 can be implanted on the same electronic card as the accelerometer 2 and the microprocessor circuits 3, the device 1 thus constituting an autonomous module which requires no connection inside the weapon.
  • the microprocessor 3 has a mode of operation in standby, in which it consumes a very low energy, for example less than the microampere, and if its reactivation time out of this standby mode is low, for example a few tens of microseconds, it is advantageous to use the sensors described above, not to turn on the device, but to exit the microprocessor 3 from standby mode, as shown in Figures 11 and 12.
  • the momentary closing of the sensor 17 causes activation of the wake-up signal 21 of the microprocessor 3 on the interrupt input 21 of the microprocessor 3.
  • FIG. 12 uses two unidirectional shock sensors 19 and 20 placed at the head-end, each connected to a wake-up signal different from the microprocessor 3, for example each on two interrupt inputs 21 and 22 of the microprocessor 3, if it has at least two such entries.
  • the microprocessor determines, by identifying which of the two sensors reactivated it first, the direction of the initial pulse, so as to distinguish the shooting of a real bullet from the shot of a blank ball.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Indexing, Searching, Synchronizing, And The Amount Of Synchronization Travel Of Record Carriers (AREA)
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  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

The device (1) has an accelerometer (2) sensible to impacts in an axial axis (Y-Y`) of a barrel of a weapon. A microprocessor (3) analyses a signal of the accelerometer during shooting of the weapon. The microprocessor is equipped with an algorithm for counting a number of shots based on a determination and storage of occurrence of shooting according to a detection of characteristic elements of a signature of the accelerometer, where the characteristic elements are previously stored in a memory (4).

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour la détection et le comptage des coups tirés par une arme automatique ou semi-automatique et arme équipée d'un tel dispositif.The invention relates to a device for the detection and counting of shots fired by an automatic or semi-automatic weapon and weapon equipped with such a device.

Du point de vue du combattant, une des caractéristiques essentielles de l'arme est sa disponibilité, c'est-à-dire sa capacité à être pleinement fonctionnelle lors des opérations. Ceci implique, non seulement que l'arme soit fiable, mais aussi qu'elle fasse l'objet d'une maintenance préventive adéquate, qui tient compte de la manière dont l'arme a été utilisée.From the combatant's point of view, one of the essential characteristics of the weapon is its availability, that is, its ability to be fully functional during operations. This implies not only that the weapon is reliable, but also that it is subject to adequate preventive maintenance, which takes into account how the weapon was used.

Une arme automatique ou semi-automatique comporte en effet des pièces mobiles qui sont sujettes à usure et dégradation au cours de la vie de l'arme et qui de ce fait peuvent provoquer des arrêts de tir de l'arme quand l'arme n'est pas maintenue d'une façon régulière et préventive.An automatic or semi-automatic weapon has indeed moving parts which are subject to wear and degradation during the life of the weapon and which can cause firing stops of the weapon when the weapon does not. is not maintained in a regular and preventive manner.

Les pièces mobiles d'une arme effectuent un mouvement de va-et-vient en direction axiale du canon entre une position avant et une position arrière, ce mouvement permettant le réarmement lors du tir, c'est à dire l'extraction hors de la chambre de la douille tirée, son éjection et ensuite l'introduction d'une nouvelle cartouche dans la chambre vide, soit en mode semi-automatique appelé aussi coup par coup, soit en rafale.The moving parts of a weapon are reciprocated in the axial direction of the barrel between a forward position and a rear position, this movement allowing the rearming during firing, that is to say the extraction out of the chamber of the drawn sleeve, its ejection and then the introduction of a new cartridge in the empty chamber, either in semi-automatic mode also called piecemeal or burst.

Cette séquence de fonctionnement peut aussi s'effectuer dans un autre ordre, à savoir introduction d'une nouvelle cartouche dans la chambre vide, tir de la munition, extraction hors de la chambre de la douille tirée et éjection.This sequence of operation can also be carried out in another order, namely introduction of a new cartridge into the empty chamber, firing the ammunition, extraction out of the chamber of the drawn sleeve and ejection.

Ce mouvement de va-et-vient s'exerce de manière générale dans une direction parallèle à l'axe du canon de l'arme.This movement back and forth is generally in a direction parallel to the axis of the barrel of the weapon.

L'énergie générant le mouvement de recul est fournie par le dispositif de mise en action du mécanisme, celui-ci étant soit un mécanisme à emprunt de gaz, soit un mécanisme à court recul de canon, soit un mécanisme à long recul de canon, soit un mécanisme de type « blowback » ou « blowback retardé », cette liste n'étant pas exhaustive.The energy generating the recoil motion is provided by the mechanism actuation device, which is either a gas-borrowing mechanism, or a short recoil gun mechanism, or a long-barrel recoil mechanism, either a "blowback" or "delayed blowback" mechanism, this list not being exhaustive.

L'énergie générant le mouvement de retour du mécanisme est fournie par un ressort récupérateur comprimé pendant la phase de recul.The energy generating the return movement of the mechanism is provided by a recovery spring compressed during the recoil phase.

L'usure de l'arme et donc la maintenance à prévoir dépendent essentiellement des mouvements de va-et-vient des pièces mobiles et donc des conditions d'utilisation de l'arme, telles que le nombre de coups tirés et les régimes et cadences de tir.The wear of the weapon and therefore the maintenance to be provided essentially depend on the movements of moving parts and thus on the conditions of use of the weapon, such as the number of shots fired and the speeds and speeds shooting.

Dès lors il est important que l'arme dispose d'une "Boîte Noire" qui détecte et enregistre ces conditions d'utilisation.Therefore it is important that the weapon has a "Black Box" that detects and records these conditions of use.

Plusieurs méthodes et dispositifs ont été proposés pour détecter et enregistrer les coups tirés par une arme.Several methods and devices have been proposed for detecting and recording shots fired by a weapon.

La méthode du brevet US 5.033.217 est basée sur l'usure d'une pièce témoin pour évaluer de manière visuelle le nombre de coups tirés par une arme.The patent method US 5,033,217 is based on the wear of a control piece to visually assess the number of shots fired by a weapon.

Il ne s'agit donc pas d'un comptage proprement dit, mais seulement d'une visualisation, sans autre indication sur l'utilisation de l'arme, notamment en ce qui concerne les régimes de tirs qu'elle a subis.It is not therefore a counting proper, but only a visualization, without any other indication on the use of the weapon, especially with regard to the firing regimes that it has undergone.

Le brevet US 5.566.486 et la demande de brevet US 2005/114084 décrivent des dispositifs de comptage de coups tirés, basés sur la détection de l'impulsion du choc de recul de l'arme, respectivement par des capteurs mécaniques ou électroniques.The patent US5,566,486 and the patent application US 2005/114084 describe shot counting devices based on the detection of the pulse of the recoil shock of the weapon, respectively by mechanical or electronic sensors.

Ces dispositifs connus qui réagissent à des chocs atteignant un niveau sensé correspondre au recul de l'arme lors d'un tir, présentent deux défauts majeurs:

  • o le recul dépend, notamment, du poids de l'arme et du tireur; or le poids de l'arme varie en fonction des accessoires dont elle est équipée et qui peut doubler si on lui adjoint un lance-grenades, une conduite de tir, et un viseur.
  • o les dispositifs utilisés ne permettent pas de tenir compte, en les différentiant, des tirs à balles à blanc, qui sont fréquents dans la vie de l'arme et qui génèrent des usures spécifiques, ces tirs n'étant d'ailleurs pas détectés car le niveau de recul est insuffisant.
These known devices that react to shocks reaching a level that is consistent with the recoil of the weapon when fired, have two major flaws:
  • o the recoil depends, in particular, on the weight of the weapon and the shooter; however, the weight of the weapon varies according to the accessories it is equipped with and which can double if it is added a grenade launcher, a shooting line, and a viewfinder.
  • o the devices used do not make it possible to take into account, by differentiating them, the firing with blank bullets, which are frequent in the life of the weapon and which generate specific wear, these shots being also not detected because the level of recoil is insufficient.

De plus, ces dispositifs connus enregistrent l'occurrence d'un tir, sans autre information sur le comportement cinématique de l'arme lors du tir, permettant ainsi uniquement de se faire une idée quant au besoin d'un entretien préventif de l'arme.In addition, these known devices record the occurrence of a shot, without any other information on the kinematic behavior of the weapon when fired, allowing only to get an idea of the need for preventive maintenance of the weapon .

L'invention a pour but d'éviter un ou plusieurs de ces inconvénients.The object of the invention is to avoid one or more of these disadvantages.

Le principe de l'invention est basé sur la constatation que lors du tir, pour chaque coup tiré, l'arme subit des accélérations dans la direction axiale du canon, ces accélérations étant dues à une succession de chocs dus au départ du coup et aux mouvements de va-et-vient des pièces mobiles et que la progression de ces accélérations dans le temps est typique pour une arme et pour le type de munitions utilisé, formant ainsi une signature typique pour l'arme et pour le type de munitions tiré.The principle of the invention is based on the observation that during firing, for each shot fired, the weapon undergoes accelerations in the axial direction of the gun, these accelerations being due to a succession of shocks due to the start of the blow and the movements of moving parts and that the progression of these accelerations over time is typical for a weapon and the type of ammunition used, thus forming a typical signature for the weapon and the type of ammunition fired.

Le but de l'invention est atteint par un dispositif pour la détection et le comptage des coups tirés par une arme automatique ou semi-automatique, qui comprend un accéléromètre à bande passante sensible aux chocs dans la direction axiale du canon et un microprocesseur pour analyser le signal de l'accéléromètre pendant le tir, le microprocesseur étant muni d'un algorithme pour compter le nombre de coups tirés basé sur la détermination et l'enregistrement de l'occurrence d'un tir sur base de la détection, dans le signal de l'accéléromètre de tout ou d'une partie des éléments caractéristiques de la signature d'accélération propre au type d'arme et aux différents types de munitions utilisés, ces éléments caractéristiques étant enregistrés préalablement dans une mémoire du dispositif.The object of the invention is achieved by a device for the detection and counting of shots fired by an automatic or semi-automatic weapon, which comprises a shock-sensitive bandwidth accelerometer in the axial direction of the barrel and a microprocessor for analyzing the signal of the accelerometer during firing, the microprocessor being provided with an algorithm for counting the number of shots based on the determination and the recording of the occurrence of a shot based on the detection, in the accelerometer signal of all or part of the characteristic elements of the acceleration signature specific to the type of weapon and the different types ammunition used, these features being recorded previously in a memory of the device.

L'utilisation de l'accéléromètre permet de réaliser une analyse fine des phénomènes d'accélération qui se produisent dans l'arme lors du tir, de manière à être indépendant du niveau de recul de l'arme, et donc des différents facteurs qui affectent celui-ci.The use of the accelerometer makes it possible to perform a fine analysis of the phenomena of acceleration that occur in the weapon during firing, so as to be independent of the level of recoil of the weapon, and therefore of the various factors that affect this one.

Selon une réalisation préférentielle, l'algorithme permet de discriminer le type de munitions utilisé selon que l'occurrence d'au moins une partie ou de certains éléments caractéristiques de la signature d'accélération correspondent à la signature du type de munitions utilisé, par exemple pour discriminer les tirs à blanc des tirs à balles réelles en tenant compte du sens du premier choc de départ.According to a preferred embodiment, the algorithm makes it possible to discriminate the type of ammunition used according to whether the occurrence of at least one part or of certain characteristic elements of the acceleration signature correspond to the signature of the type of ammunition used, for example to discriminate the blank firing of live ammunition, taking into account the direction of the first initial shock.

Selon une autre caractéristique préférentielle, le dispositif permet de mesurer et de mémoriser l'intervalle de temps entre le premier et le deuxième choc, cet intervalle correspondant au temps de recul des pièces mobiles de l'arme.According to another preferred feature, the device makes it possible to measure and memorize the time interval between the first and the second shock, this interval corresponding to the recoil time of the moving parts of the weapon.

Le temps de recul ainsi enregistré est une information importante concernant le comportement de l'arme et la qualité de son réglage, permettant ainsi le diagnostique et/ou le réglage de l'arme.The recoil time thus recorded is important information regarding the behavior of the weapon and the quality of its setting, thus allowing the diagnosis and / or the adjustment of the weapon.

L'invention concerne également une arme automatique ou semi-automatique équipée d'un dispositif selon l'invention.The invention also relates to an automatic or semi-automatic weapon equipped with a device according to the invention.

Pour plus de clarté, quelques exemples de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention pour la détection et le comptage des coups tirés par une arme automatique ou semi-automatique sont décrits ci-après à titre illustratif et non restrictif, référence étant faite aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • La figure 1 représente une façon schématique un dispositif selon l'invention pour la détection et le comptage des coups tirés par une arme automatique ou semi-automatique;
  • la figure 2 représente le diagramme du signal d'un accéléromètre du dispositif de la figure 1 en fonction du temps pendant un tir;
  • les figures 3 et 4 sont des diagrammes semblables à la figure 2;
  • les figures 5 à 10 sont toutes des variantes d'un dispositif selon l'invention.
For the sake of clarity, some embodiments of a device according to the invention for the detection and counting of shots fired by an automatic or semi-automatic weapon are described below for illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a device according to the invention for detecting and counting shots fired by an automatic or semi-automatic weapon;
  • FIG. 2 represents the signal diagram of an accelerometer of the device of FIG. 1 as a function of time during a firing;
  • Figures 3 and 4 are diagrams similar to Figure 2;
  • Figures 5 to 10 are all variants of a device according to the invention.

La figure 1 montre un exemple de dispositif 1 selon l'invention.Figure 1 shows an example of device 1 according to the invention.

Le dispositif 1 est pour ainsi dire une « boîte noire » destinée à être montée sur ou à être intégrée dans une arme et est constituée:

  • o d'un accéléromètre 2, de préférence simple-axe, positionné de manière telle que son axe de détection (X-X') soit parallèle à l'axe (Y-Y') du canon lorsque le dispositif 1 est fixé sur ou dans l'arme;
  • o d'un microprocesseur 3 dont le programme incorpore un algorithme pour déterminer et enregistrer l'occurrence d'un tir;
  • o d'une mémoire 4 dans laquelle sont mémorisées les informations, la mémoire 4 étant de préférence une mémoire permanente, qui persiste même en cas de coupure de l'alimentation et pouvant être intégrée dans le microprocesseur 3 et éventuellement étant prévue pour contenir de manière permanente et ineffaçable le numéro d'identification de l'arme, ce qui permet d'assurer la traçabilité de celle-ci;
  • o d'une interface de communication 5, de préférence sans contact, par exemple du type radio (bluetooth ou zigbee par exemple) ou infrarouge, ou de type RFID, évidemment pouvant être bidirectionnelle, et permettant l'enregistrement dans la mémoire 4 de données externes concernant, par exemple, les interventions de maintenance effectuées sur l'arme;
  • o d'une source d'énergie 6, par exemple une pile sèche ou une batterie rechargeable.
The device 1 is, so to speak, a "black box" intended to be mounted on or to be integrated into a weapon and consists of:
  • an accelerometer 2, preferably single-axis, positioned in such a way that its detection axis (X-X ') is parallel to the axis (Y-Y') of the barrel when the device 1 is fixed on or in the weapon;
  • o a microprocessor 3 whose program incorporates an algorithm for determining and recording the occurrence of a shot;
  • a memory 4 in which the information is stored, the memory 4 preferably being a permanent memory, which persists even in the event of power failure and can be integrated into the microprocessor 3 and possibly being designed to contain permanent and indelible the identification number of the weapon, which ensures the traceability of it;
  • o a communication interface 5, preferably contactless, for example of the radio type (bluetooth or zigbee for example) or infrared, or RFID type, obviously can be bidirectional, and for recording in the memory 4 data for example, maintenance interventions on the weapon;
  • o a power source 6, for example a dry battery or a rechargeable battery.

Le dispositif 1 est de préférence de petite taille, et peut donc s'intégrer facilement dans la plupart des armes, par exemple dans la poignée de celle-ci.The device 1 is preferably small, and can therefore be easily integrated into most weapons, by example in the handle of it.

L'ensemble des composants 1 à 6 peut être monté sur une même carte, le dispositif 1. constituant alors un module autonome qui ne nécessite aucune connexion à l'intérieur de l'arme.All components 1 to 6 can be mounted on the same card, the device 1. then constituting a standalone module that requires no connection inside the weapon.

Le principe de fonctionnement du dispositif 1 est basé sur l'utilisation d'un accéléromètre 2 à bande passante adéquate et d'un algorithme particulier de traitement du signal fourni par cet accéléromètre qui détecte et analyse dans ce signal les événements liés aux phénomènes cinématiques apparaissant lors d'un tir, de manière à conclure de manière fiable à l'occurrence d'un tir, et à discriminer un tir à blanc d'un tir à balle réelle, tout en rejetant les chocs dus aux chutes, aux réarmements ou au lâcher à vide, cet algorithme étant paramétrable et ses paramètres pouvant être adaptés en fonction des caractéristiques propres au type d'arme concerné.The operating principle of the device 1 is based on the use of an accelerometer 2 with adequate bandwidth and a particular signal processing algorithm provided by this accelerometer which detects and analyzes in this signal the events related to the kinematic phenomena appearing during a shot, in order to reliably conclude at the occurrence of a shot, and to discriminate a blank shot from a live shot, while rejecting shocks due to falls, rearm to let go empty, this algorithm being parameterizable and its parameters that can be adapted according to the characteristics specific to the type of weapon concerned.

La figure 2 montre l'enregistrement du signal S en fonction du temps T lors d'un tir à balle réelle, avec une arme d'un type particulier, par un accéléromètre dont la bande passante est de l'ordre de 400 Hz.FIG. 2 shows the recording of the signal S as a function of the time T during a real shot with a weapon of a particular type by an accelerometer whose bandwidth is of the order of 400 Hz.

La figure 2 concerne plus particulièrement une arme de type « tir à culasse fermée », dont la séquence de va-et-vient des pièces mobiles s'effectue de la manière suivante:

  • pièces mobiles initialement en position avant avec une munition en chambre;
  • tir de la munition et départ du coup;
  • phase de recul des pièces mobiles;
  • butée arrière éventuelle ou contact avec amortisseur de fin de course ;
  • phase de retour avec alimentation d'une nouvelle munition;
  • butée des pièces mobiles en position avant.
FIG. 2 relates more particularly to a "closed-breech shotgun" type of weapon, the moving parts of which are moving back and forth as follows:
  • moving parts initially in the forward position with ammunition in the room;
  • firing of the ammunition and departure of the blow;
  • recoil phase of moving parts;
  • potential backstop or contact with end-of-stroke damper;
  • return phase with feeding of a new ammunition;
  • stop moving parts in the forward position.

On distingue cette succession d'événements dans le signal S de la figure 2:

  • o un premier choc vers l'arrière de l'arme lors du départ du coup, représenté par la flèche A;
  • o temps de recul (TR) des pièces mobiles vers l'arrière;
  • o un deuxième choc également vers l'arrière de l'arme lors de la butée à l'arrière des pièces mobiles à la fin du mouvement de recul de ces pièces mobiles vers l'arrière et représenté par la flèche B;
  • o phase de retour (RT) avec alimentation d'une nouvelle munition;
  • o un troisième choc vers l'avant quand les pièces mobiles viennent en contact avec une butée avant lors de la fermeture de la chambre du canon et représenté par la flèche C;
  • o deux zones de "calme" D et E qui séparent ces chocs A, B et C et dans lesquelles le niveau d'accélération est presque nul;
This succession of events is distinguished in the signal S of FIG. 2:
  • o a first shock towards the rear of the weapon at the start of the stroke, represented by the arrow A;
  • o recoil time (TR) of the moving parts to the rear;
  • a second shock also towards the rear of the weapon during the abutment at the rear of the moving parts at the end of the recoil movement of these moving parts towards the rear and represented by the arrow B;
  • o return phase (RT) with feeding of a new ammunition;
  • a third shock forward when the moving parts come into contact with a front stop when closing the chamber of the barrel and represented by the arrow C;
  • o two zones of "calm" D and E which separate these shocks A, B and C and in which the level of acceleration is almost zero;

Le délai entre les 3 chocs, de même que la longueur en temps des "zones calmes" D et E se situent dans des plages de valeurs qui sont caractéristiques du type d'arme, les valeurs particulières de ces temps pour une arme donnée étant influencées par le réglage de l'arme et son état de graissage et d'usure.The delay between the 3 shocks, as well as the length in time of the "calm zones" D and E are in ranges values that are characteristic of the type of weapon, the particular values of these times for a given weapon being influenced by the setting of the weapon and its state of lubrication and wear.

De cette façon le signal S forme pour ainsi dire la signature de l'arme.In this way the signal S forms, so to speak, the signature of the weapon.

La figure 3 montre le signal S généré par l'accéléromètre 2, dans les mêmes conditions, cependant lors du tir d'une balle à blanc avec la même arme.Figure 3 shows the signal S generated by the accelerometer 2, under the same conditions, however, when firing a blank bullet with the same weapon.

On retrouve la même succession d'événements A à E que dans le cas du tir à balle réelle, à la différence de l'impulsion de départ A qui est de niveau plus faible et de sens contraire.We find the same sequence of events A to E as in the case of the real shot, unlike the starting pulse A which is lower level and opposite direction.

L'algorithme pour déterminer et enregistrer l'occurrence d'un tir consiste à analyser dans le signal S fourni par l'accéléromètre 2 la présence de tous ou partie des évènements A à E afin de conclure à l'occurrence d'un tir.The algorithm for determining and recording the occurrence of a shot consists in analyzing in the signal S provided by the accelerometer 2 the presence of all or part of the events A to E in order to conclude that a shot is being made.

Le déclenchement de l'application de l'algorithme peut être déterminé, par exemple, par la détection du franchissement d'un seuil 7 par le signal S de l'accéléromètre 2, comme indiqué à la figure 4.The triggering of the application of the algorithm can be determined, for example, by the detection of the crossing of a threshold 7 by the signal S of the accelerometer 2, as shown in FIG.

Dans une réalisation particulière de l'algorithme, le sens de l'impulsion de départ A est utilisé pour déterminer si le tir est celui d'une balle réelle ou d'une balle à blanc.In a particular embodiment of the algorithm, the direction of the starting pulse A is used to determine whether the shot is that of a real or blank bullet.

Une réalisation préférentielle du dispositif 1 prend en compte les intervalles entre les trois chocs A, B et/ou C, ainsi que les durées des "zones calmes" D et/ou E, qui pour être acceptés comme critères d'occurrence d'un tir, doivent se situer dans des plages de temps plausibles, propres au type d'arme concerné, ces plages de temps étant des paramètres programmables de l'algorithme.A preferred embodiment of the device 1 takes into account the intervals between the three shocks A, B and / or C, as well as the durations of the "quiet zones" D and / or E, which, to be accepted as criteria of occurrence of a firing, must be in plausible time ranges, specific to the type of weapon concerned, these time ranges being programmable parameters of the algorithm.

Il faut noter que le deuxième choc B dû à la butée arrière des pièces mobiles peut ne pas exister ou être trop faible que pour être pris en compte, l'absence de ce deuxième choc B indique d'ailleurs en général un défaut de réglage et un fonctionnement limite de l'arme, la récupération d'énergie par les pièces mobiles étant insuffisante pour garantir un réarmement de l'arme.It should be noted that the second shock B due to the rear stop of the moving parts may not exist or be too weak that to be taken into account, the absence of this second shock B also indicates in general a defect of adjustment and a limit operation of the weapon, the energy recovery by the moving parts being insufficient to ensure rearming of the weapon.

A l'inverse, un niveau trop élevé du choc B, dû à une récupération d'énergie trop importante au niveau des pièces mobiles, est indicatif d'un mauvais réglage de l'arme qui peut entraîner une usure excessive ou un bris de pièces.On the other hand, an excessively high level of shock B, due to excessive energy recovery at the moving parts, is indicative of a poor adjustment of the weapon which can lead to excessive wear or breakage of parts. .

La mesure du niveau de ce deuxième choc B constitue donc un élément représentatif du comportement cinématique de l'arme. Afin de s'affranchir de la dépendance des effets extérieurs, tels que le poids des accessoires fixés sur l'arme ou la façon dont l'arme est maintenue pendant le tir, qui peuvent affecter le niveau absolu des différents chocs, il est avantageux de se baser, non pas sur le niveau absolu du choc B, mais sur le rapport entre la mesure de ce deuxième choc B et celle des chocs A et/ou C.Measuring the level of this second shock B is therefore a representative element of the kinematic behavior of the weapon. In order to overcome the dependence of external effects, such as the weight of the accessories attached to the weapon or the way the weapon is held during firing, which can affect the absolute level of the various shocks, it is advantageous to not based on the absolute level of shock B, but on the ratio between the measurement of this second shock B and that of shocks A and / or C.

Dans une réalisation particulière du procédé, le "manque recul", c'est-à-dire l'absence du deuxième choc B lors d'un tir est mémorisée comme événement particulier associé à ce tir, indicatif d'un mauvais fonctionnement de l'arme.In a particular embodiment of the method, the "lack recoil", that is to say the absence of the second shock B during a shot is stored as a particular event associated with this shot, indicative of a malfunction. 'armed.

Le temps de recul TR des pièces mobiles, caractérisé par l'intervalle de temps entre le premier choc A et le deuxième choc B comme indiqué dans la figure 1, est également un paramètre représentatif du comportement cinématique de l'arme.The recoil time TR of the moving parts, characterized by the time interval between the first shock A and the second shock B as indicated in FIG. 1, is also a parameter representative of the kinematic behavior of the weapon.

Dans une autre réalisation particulière du dispositif 1 selon l'invention, ce paramètre est mesuré et mémorisé pour permettre le diagnostique et/ou le réglage de l'arme.In another particular embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention, this parameter is measured and stored to allow the diagnosis and / or the adjustment of the weapon.

Par ailleurs, le microprocesseur 3 peut, en se basant par exemple sur son horloge interne, mesurer l'intervalle de temps entre deux tirs, et donc délimiter les rafales et leur longueur, c'est-à-dire identifier les régimes de tirs, qui sont déterminants en ce qui concerne les usures de pièces. Il peut aussi mesurer les cadences lors des tirs en rafales.Moreover, the microprocessor 3 can, based for example on its internal clock, measure the time interval between two shots, and thus define the bursts and their length, that is to say, identify the firing regimes, which are decisive with regard to parts wear. It can also measure cadences during gunshots.

Cette capacité peut être utilisée pour signaler en temps réel au tireur qu'il atteint ou dépasse le régime de tir admissible pour l'arme lors de tirs en rafale.This ability can be used to report to the shooter in real time that he or she meets or exceeds the fire rating for the weapon in a continuous fire.

Dans une autre réalisation particulière du dispositif 1 selon l'invention, le niveau maximum du signal généré par le choc B est mesuré et mémorisé pour permettre le diagnostique et/ou le réglage de l'arme.In another particular embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention, the maximum level of the signal generated by the shock B is measured and stored to enable the diagnostic and / or the setting of the weapon.

Dans une autre réalisation particulière du dispositif 1 selon l'invention, le rapport entre le niveau maximum du signal généré par le choc B et le niveau maximum du choc initial A et/ou le niveau maximum du choc de fermeture C est calculé et mémorisé pour permettre le diagnostique et/ou le réglage de l'arme.In another particular embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention, the ratio between the maximum level of the signal generated by the shock B and the maximum level of the initial shock A and / or the maximum level of the closing shock C is calculated and stored for allow the diagnosis and / or adjustment of the weapon.

La figure 5 illustre une réalisation particulière du dispositif qui exploite cette possibilité: lorsque le microprocesseur 3 détecte une longueur de rafales excessive, il en avertit le tireur par le biais d'un afficheur 8 adéquat, consistant, par exemple, en un ensemble d'indicateurs lumineux 9, 10, 11 de couleurs différentes, dont l'indicateur vert 9 signale une utilisation normale, l'indicateur orange 10 une utilisation limite et l'indicateur rouge 11 une situation potentiellement dangereuse.FIG. 5 illustrates a particular embodiment of the device that exploits this possibility: when the microprocessor 3 detects an excessive gust length, it warns the firer via a suitable display 8, consisting, for example, of a set of Indicators 9, 10, 11 of different colors, the green indicator 9 indicates normal use, the orange indicator 10 a limit use and the red indicator 11 a potentially dangerous situation.

Une telle fonction est spécialement utile dans le cas des mitrailleuses.Such a function is especially useful in the case of machine guns.

La capacité du dispositif 1 à suivre en continu les régimes de tir peut également être utilisée pour agir directement sur le mécanisme de l'arme 12, par le biais d'une interface mécanique adéquate ou d'un actuateur 13 comme indiqué dans la figure 6, et en modifier le mode de fonctionnement, par exemple en provoquant le passage d'un tir à culasse fermée à un tir à culasse ouverte (voir par exemple le brevet belge no.1.001.909 ), afin d'éviter la mise à feu spontanée des munitions dans la chambre.The ability of the device 1 to continuously monitor the firing regimes can also be used to act directly on the mechanism of the weapon 12, through a suitable mechanical interface or an actuator 13 as shown in Figure 6 , and modify the mode of operation, for example by causing the passage from a closed breech shot to an open breech shot (see for example the patent Belgian no.1.001.909 ), in order to avoid the spontaneous firing of ammunition in the chamber.

Il suffit à cet effet d'enregistrer dans la mémoire 4 du microprocesseur 5 une table ou un abaque qui définisse, en fonction de la durée des tirs, le nombre de coups tirés à partir duquel le mode de fonctionnement de l'arme doit être commuté.It suffices for this purpose to record in the memory 4 of the microprocessor 5 a table or an abacus which defines, according to the duration of the shots, the number of shots fired from which the operating mode of the weapon must be switched .

Comme représenté dans la figure 7, on peut inclure dans le dispositif 1 une horloge temps réel 14 qui permet au microprocesseur 3 d'enregistrer dans la mémoire 4 la date exacte et complète de chaque coup tiré.As shown in FIG. 7, it is possible to include in the device 1 a real-time clock 14 which enables the microprocessor 3 to record in the memory 4 the exact and complete date of each shot fired.

On peut également inclure dans le dispositif 1 un système de localisation 15, de type GPS par exemple, soit en combinaison avec l'horloge 14 ou seul, qui permet au microprocesseur 3 d'enregistrer dans la mémoire 4 la position de l'arme lors de chaque tir.It is also possible to include in the device 1 a location system 15, of the GPS type for example, either in combination with the clock 14 or alone, which allows the microprocessor 3 to record in the memory 4 the position of the weapon when of each shot.

En résumé, les dispositifs décrits permettent de détecter et d'enregistrer les tirs, en différentiant éventuellement les tirs de balles réelles et de balles à blanc, et d'analyser en continu le comportement cinématique de l'arme, notamment en mesurant le temps de recul des pièces mobiles, de manière à détecter les défauts de réglage ou les dérives de performances dues aux usures de pièces.In summary, the devices described make it possible to detect and record the shots, possibly differentiating shots from live ammunition and blank bullets, and to continuously analyze the kinematic behavior of the weapon, in particular by measuring the firing time. moving parts backwards, in order to detect adjustment faults or performance drifts due to wear of parts.

Plus largement, les dispositifs décrits permettent de contrôler en continu et en temps réel l'utilisation et l'efficacité de l'arme, en signalant au tireur l'existence de conditions anormales de fonctionnement ou de régimes de tir dangereux, ou même en intervenant sur le mécanisme de tir pour adapter son fonctionnement, par exemple, pour provoquer le passage d'un tir à culasse fermée à un tir à culasse ouverte, afin d'éviter la mise à feu spontanée des munitions dans la chambre.More broadly, the devices described allow to control continuously and in real time the use and the effectiveness of the weapon, by signaling to the shooter the existence abnormal operating conditions or dangerous firing regimes, or even by intervening on the firing mechanism to adapt its operation, for example, to cause the passage from a closed breech shot to an open breech shot, in order to avoid spontaneous firing of ammunition in the chamber.

Il est clair que chaque type d'arme est caractérisé par sa propre séquence de va-et-vient des pièces mobiles et de ce fait par sa propre signature d'accélérations montrant une succession de chocs et de zones calmes spécifiques pour l'arme et pour les munitions utilisées.It is clear that each type of weapon is characterized by its own sequence of moving parts back and forth and therefore by its own signature of accelerations showing a series of shocks and specific quiet zones for the weapon and for the ammunition used.

Dans le cas d'une arme de type « tir à culasse ouverte », la séquence de va-et-vient des pièces mobiles s'effectue de la manière suivante :

  • pièces mobiles initialement dans une position proche de la butée arrière, ressort récupérateur comprimé,
  • phase de retour avec alimentation d'une nouvelle munition;
  • butée des pièces mobiles en position avant;
  • tir de la munition;
  • phase de recul des pièces mobiles;
  • butée arrière éventuelle ou contact avec amortisseur de fin de course;
  • arrêt des pièces mobiles dans une position proche de la butée arrière, ressort récupérateur comprimé.
In the case of an "open-breech shotgun" type of weapon, the moving-back sequence of the moving parts is as follows:
  • moving parts initially in a position close to the backstop, compressed recovery spring,
  • return phase with feeding of a new ammunition;
  • stop of moving parts in the forward position;
  • shot of ammunition;
  • recoil phase of moving parts;
  • potential backstop or contact with end-of-stroke damper;
  • stopping moving parts in a position close to the backstop, compressed recovery spring.

La gestion de la source d'énergie nécessite certaines mesures.The management of the energy source requires some measures.

La durée de vie de la source d'énergie 6 du dispositif 1, par exemple une pile, est un critère essentiel d'acceptation du concept.The lifetime of the power source 6 of the device 1, for example a battery, is an essential criterion of acceptance of the concept.

Idéalement, la pile devrait être non remplaçable et inaccessible, et tenir la durée de vie de l'arme tout en étant de faible dimension.Ideally, the battery should be non-replaceable and inaccessible, and maintain the life of the weapon while being of small size.

Plus raisonnablement, le remplacement de la pile à chaque maintenance préventive est acceptable, du moins dans le cas des armes militaires, qui font l'objet de maintenances régulières et programmées.More reasonably, battery replacement at each preventive maintenance is acceptable, at least in the case of military weapons, which are subject to regular and scheduled maintenance.

On peut minimiser la consommation électrique du dispositif 1 en gérant les mises sous tension et les mises en sommeil des circuits électroniques 16 de manière à ce que ceux-ci ne soient alimentés à puissance pleine que lorsque c'est nécessaire.The power consumption of the device 1 can be minimized by managing power-up and sleep of electronic circuits 16 so that they are powered at full power only when necessary.

Une première méthode, illustrée à la figure 8, consiste à placer, en série avec la source d'alimentation électrique 6 du dispositif 1, un interrupteur 17 qui est actionné pour se fermer par la pression sur la détente de l'arme.A first method, illustrated in Figure 8, is to place, in series with the power source 6 of the device 1, a switch 17 which is actuated to close by the pressure on the trigger of the weapon.

Une deuxième méthode consiste à utiliser un interrupteur 17 qui est un capteur adéquat de prise en main de la poignée.A second method is to use a switch 17 which is a suitable sensor handle grip.

Le capteur de prise en main sera, par exemple, un capteur capacitif de type Q-Prox®, dont le courant permanent d'alimentation au repos est de l'ordre d'une dizaine de micro-ampères.The pickup sensor will be, for example, a Q-Prox® type capacitive sensor, the standing power supply at rest is of the order of ten microamperes.

Une troisième méthode consiste à utiliser un interrupteur 17 sous forme d'un capteur de choc actionné à partir d'un certain niveau de choc prédéterminé.A third method is to use a switch 17 in the form of a shock sensor actuated from a certain predetermined shock level.

Ce capteur de choc est prévu à détecter tout choc susceptible de correspondre à l'impulsion A de départ d'un tir, et de mettre le dispositif sous tension à partir de la détection de ce choc.This shock sensor is designed to detect any shock likely to correspond to the starting pulse A of a shot, and to put the device under tension from the detection of this shock.

Comme représenté à la figure 9, la fermeture momentanée du capteur 17 provoque la mise sous tension d'un circuit de verrouillage 18, qui transmet l'alimentation électrique aux circuits 16 du dispositif 1; ceux-ci, une fois actifs, peuvent alors appliquer sur le signal S de l'accéléromètre les algorithmes de détection et de comptage de coups.As shown in FIG. 9, the momentary closing of the sensor 17 causes a locking circuit 18 to be energized, which transmits the power supply to the circuits 16 of the device 1; these, once active, can then apply to the signal S of the accelerometer the detection algorithms and counting shots.

On utilisera de préférence un capteur de choc 17 bidirectionnel normalement ouvert, sensible uniquement aux chocs se produisant dans un sens ou dans l'autre de son axe de détection, fixé sur l'arme de manière telle que son axe de détection X-X' soit parallèle à l'axe du canon Y-Y' et dont la sensibilité sera choisie de manière à ce qu'il réagisse à des niveaux d'impulsions correspondant à des tirs réels ou à des tirs à blanc.Preferably, a bidirectional shock sensor 17 that is normally open, sensitive only to shocks occurring in one direction or the other of its detection axis, fixed on the weapon so that its detection axis XX 'is parallel, will be used. to the axis of the gun YY 'and whose sensitivity will be chosen so that it responds to pulse levels corresponding to actual shots or to blanks.

Il faut noter que le temps d'activation des circuits 16 du dispositif 1, à partir de leur mise sous tension, peut être de plusieurs millisecondes, auquel cas l'impulsion du coup de départ correspondant au premier choc A ne sera pas perçue.It should be noted that the activation time of the circuits 16 of the device 1, from their power up, can be several milliseconds, in which case the pulse of the starting shot corresponding to the first shock A will not be perceived.

Ceci n'est pas un obstacle à l'application de l'algorithme, puisque la mise sous tension du dispositif signifie qu'un tel choc A a eu lieu.This is not an obstacle to the application of the algorithm, since powering up the device means that such a shock has occurred.

Par contre, le sens de l'impulsion de départ du premier choc A, qui permet de discriminer entre un tir à balle réelle et un tir à blanc, n'est dans ce cas pas identifiée.On the other hand, the direction of the initial impulse of the first shock A, which makes it possible to discriminate between a shot with real and a blank shot, is not identified in this case.

On peut pallier cet inconvénient en utilisant comme représenté dans la figure 10 deux capteurs de chocs unidirectionnels 19 et 20 au lieu d'un seul capteur bidirectionnel, et en les plaçant en tête-bêche et branché en parallèle, de manière à ce que l'un se ferme sur une impulsion initiale vers l'arrière de l'arme comme dans le cas d'un tir à balle réelle, et l'autre sur une impulsion vers l'avant comme dans le cas d'un tir à balle à blanc.This disadvantage can be overcome by using, as shown in FIG. 10, two unidirectional shock sensors 19 and 20 instead of a single bidirectional sensor, and placing them upside down and connected in parallel, so that the one closes on an initial impulse towards the rear of the weapon as in the case of a shot with real bullet, and the other on an impulse towards the front as in the case of a shot with blank ball .

Il suffit alors que le circuit de verrouillage 18 de l'alimentation 6 mémorise lequel des deux capteurs 19 ou 20 a initié la mise sous tension pour que le microprocesseur 3 du dispositif 1 puisse faire la discrimination.It is then sufficient for the latch circuit 18 of the power supply 6 to memorize which of the two sensors 19 or 20 has initiated the power-up so that the microprocessor 3 of the device 1 can discriminate.

Un avantage du dispositif 1 montré dans les figures 9 et 10 est que le capteur de choc 17 ou les capteurs de chocs 19 et 20 peuvent être implantés sur la même carte électronique que l'accéléromètre 2 et les circuits du microprocesseur 3, le dispositif 1 constituant alors un module autonome qui ne nécessite aucune connexion à l'intérieur de l'arme.An advantage of the device 1 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is that the shock sensor 17 or the shock sensors 19 and 20 can be implanted on the same electronic card as the accelerometer 2 and the microprocessor circuits 3, the device 1 thus constituting an autonomous module which requires no connection inside the weapon.

Si le microprocesseur 3 dispose d'un mode de fonctionnement en veille, dans lequel il consomme une très faible énergie, par exemple inférieure au microampère, et si son temps de réactivation à sortir de ce mode veille est faible, par exemple de quelques dizaines de microsecondes, il est avantageux d'utiliser les capteurs décrits ci-avant, non pas pour mettre sous tension le dispositif, mais pour sortir le microprocesseur 3 du mode de veille, comme illustré par les figures 11 et 12.If the microprocessor 3 has a mode of operation in standby, in which it consumes a very low energy, for example less than the microampere, and if its reactivation time out of this standby mode is low, for example a few tens of microseconds, it is advantageous to use the sensors described above, not to turn on the device, but to exit the microprocessor 3 from standby mode, as shown in Figures 11 and 12.

Dans la figure 11, la fermeture momentanée du capteur 17 provoque l'activation du signal de réveil 21 du microprocesseur 3 sur l'entrée d'interruption 21 du microprocesseur 3.In FIG. 11, the momentary closing of the sensor 17 causes activation of the wake-up signal 21 of the microprocessor 3 on the interrupt input 21 of the microprocessor 3.

La réalisation particulière de la figure 12 utilise deux capteurs de chocs unidirectionnels 19 et 20 placés en tête-bèche, branchés chacun sur un signal de réveil différent du microprocesseur 3, par exemple chacun sur deux entrées d'interruption 21 et 22 du microprocesseur 3, si celui-ci dispose d'au moins deux telles entrées.The particular embodiment of FIG. 12 uses two unidirectional shock sensors 19 and 20 placed at the head-end, each connected to a wake-up signal different from the microprocessor 3, for example each on two interrupt inputs 21 and 22 of the microprocessor 3, if it has at least two such entries.

De cette manière le microprocesseur détermine, en identifiant lequel des deux capteurs l'a réactivé en premier, le sens de l'impulsion initiale, de manière à distinguer le tir d'une balle réelle du tir d'une balle à blanc.In this way the microprocessor determines, by identifying which of the two sensors reactivated it first, the direction of the initial pulse, so as to distinguish the shooting of a real bullet from the shot of a blank ball.

Il est évident que l'invention n'est nullement limitée aux exemples décrits ci-avant mais que de nombreuses modifications peuvent être apportées aux dispositifs pour la détection et le comptage des coups tirés par une arme automatique ou semi-automatique décrits ci-avant sans sortir du cadre de l'invention telle que définie dans les revendications suivantes.It is obvious that the invention is in no way limited to the examples described above, but that many modifications can be made to the devices for detecting and counting shots fired by a weapon. automatic or semi-automatic described above without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims (23)

Dispositif pour la détection et le comptage des coups tirés par une arme automatique ou semi-automatique avec un canon et des pièces mobiles pour le réarmement de l'arme coulissantes dans la direction axiale (Y-Y') du canon entre une position avant et une position arrière, l'arme subissant pour chaque coup tiré des accélérations dans la direction axiale (Y-Y') du canon dues à une succession de chocs dus au départ du coup et aux mouvements des pièces mobiles, la progression de ces accélérations dans le temps étant typiques pour une arme et pour le type de munitions utilisé et formant ainsi une signature typique pour l'arme et pour le type de munitions, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un accéléromètre (2) à bande passante sensible aux chocs dans la direction axiale (Y-Y') du canon et un microprocesseur (3) pour analyser le signal (S) de l'accéléromètre (2) pendant le tir, le microprocesseur (3) étant muni d'un algorithme pour compter le nombre de coups tirés basé sur la détermination et l'enregistrement de l'occurrence d'un tir sur base de la détection, dans le signal de l'accéléromètre de tout ou d'une partie des éléments caractéristiques de la signature d'accélération propre au type d'arme et aux différents types de munitions utilisés, ces éléments caractéristiques étant enregistrés préalablement dans une mémoire (4) du dispositif.Device for detecting and counting shots fired by an automatic or semi-automatic weapon with a barrel and moving parts for rearming the weapon in the axial direction (Y-Y ') of the gun between a forward position and a rear position, the weapon undergoing for each shot taken accelerations in the axial direction (Y-Y ') of the barrel due to a succession of shocks due to the start of the stroke and the movements of the moving parts, the progression of these accelerations in the time being typical for a weapon and the type of ammunition used and thus forming a typical signature for the weapon and the type of ammunition, characterized in that it comprises an accelerometer (2) with a bandwidth sensitive to shocks in the axial direction (Y-Y ') of the gun and a microprocessor (3) for analyzing the signal (S) of the accelerometer (2) during firing, the microprocessor (3) being provided with an algorithm for counting the number shots b on the determination and recording of the occurrence of a shot based on the detection, in the accelerometer signal of all or part of the characteristic elements of the type-specific acceleration signature, weapon and the different types of ammunition used, these features being recorded previously in a memory (4) of the device. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'algorithme pour déterminer l'occurrence d'un tir est basé sur l'occurrence d'au moins deux chocs dans une plage de temps prédéterminée et caractéristique du type d'arme.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the algorithm for determining the occurrence of a shot is based on the occurrence of at least two shocks in a range. predetermined time and characteristic of the type of weapon. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'algorithme pour déterminer l'occurrence d'un tir est basé sur l'occurrence d'au moins trois chocs (A,B,C) successifs dans des plages de temps prédéterminées et caractéristiques du type d'arme.Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the algorithm for determining the occurrence of a shot is based on the occurrence of at least three consecutive shocks (A, B, C) in predetermined time ranges and characteristics of the weapon type. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'algorithme pour déterminer l'occurrence d'un tir est basé sur l'occurrence d'au moins trois chocs (A,B,C) successifs dans des plages de temps prédéterminées et caractéristiques du type d'arme et sur le fait qu'un des chocs (A,B,C) se manifeste en direction opposée des autres chocs.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the algorithm for determining the occurrence of a shot is based on the occurrence of at least three consecutive shocks (A, B, C) in ranges of predetermined times and characteristics of the type of weapon and that one of the shocks (A, B, C) is in the opposite direction of the other shocks. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'algorithme permet de déterminer la durée d'une "zone calme" (D,E) pendant laquelle le niveau du signal (S) de l'accéléromètre (2) est pratiquement zéro entre deux chocs (A,B,C) successifs et que la détermination de l'occurrence d'un tir est valable uniquement quand la durée de la "zone calme" (D,E) est située dans une plage de valeurs programmée caractéristique du type d'arme.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the algorithm makes it possible to determine the duration of a "quiet zone" (D, E) during which the level of the signal (S) of the accelerometer (2) is practically zero between two successive shocks (A, B, C) and the determination of the occurrence of a shot is valid only when the duration of the "quiet zone" (D, E) is within a range of values programmed characteristic of the weapon type. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas de l'occurrence de trois chocs (A,B,C), l'algorithme permet de mesurer et de mémoriser l'intervalle de temps (TR) entre le premier choc (A) et le deuxième choc (B), cet intervalle (TR) correspondant au temps de recul des pièces mobiles de l'arme, pour permettre le diagnostique et/ou le réglage de l'arme.Device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that in the case of the occurrence of three shocks (A, B, C), the algorithm makes it possible to measure and store the time interval (TR ) between the first shock (A) and the second shock (B), this interval (TR) corresponding to the recoil time of the moving parts of the weapon, to allow the diagnosis and / or the setting of the weapon. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas de l'occurrence de trois chocs (A,B,C), l'algorithme permet de mesurer et de mémoriser le niveau maximum du signal généré par le deuxième choc (B) pour permettre le diagnostique et/ou le réglage de l'arme.Device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that in the case of the occurrence of three shocks (A, B, C), the algorithm makes it possible to measure and memorize the maximum level of the signal generated by the second shock (B) to allow the diagnosis and / or adjustment of the weapon. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas de l'occurrence de trois chocs (A,B,C), l'algorithme permet de calculer et de mémoriser le rapport entre le niveau maximum du signal généré par le deuxième choc (B) et le niveau maximum du choc initial (A) et/ou le niveau maximum du troisième choc de fermeture (C) pour permettre le diagnostique et/ou le réglage de l'arme.Device according to any one of Claims 3 to 7, characterized in that in the case of the occurrence of three shocks (A, B, C), the algorithm makes it possible to calculate and memorize the ratio between the maximum level of the signal generated by the second shock (B) and the maximum level of the initial shock (A) and / or the maximum level of the third closing shock (C) to allow the diagnosis and / or adjustment of the weapon. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'algorithme est programmé à détecter et à mémoriser l'absence d'une partie ou de certains éléments caractéristiques de la signature d'accélération pour un type ou différents types de munitions utilisés comme indication d'un mauvais fonctionnement de l'arme.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the algorithm is programmed to detect and memorize the absence of a part or of certain characteristic elements of the acceleration signature for one type or different types of ammunition used as an indication of a weapon malfunction. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'algorithme permet de discriminer le type de munitions utilisé selon que l'occurrence d'au moins une partie ou de certains éléments caractéristiques de la signature d'accélération correspondent à la signature du type de munitions utilisé.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the algorithm makes it possible to discriminate the type of ammunition used according to whether the occurrence of at least a part or certain elements characteristic of the acceleration signature correspond to the signature of the type of ammunition used. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'algorithme prend en compte le sens du premier choc de départ (A) de la signature pour discriminer les tirs à blanc des tirs à balles réelles.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the algorithm takes into account the direction of the first initial shock (A) of the signature to discriminate the blank firing of live ammunition. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la bande passante de l'accéléromètre (2) est de l'ordre de 400 Hz.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bandwidth of the accelerometer (2) is of the order of 400 Hz. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'algorithme permet de mesurer l'intervalle de temps entre les tirs de manière à identifier les régimes de tirs et en calculer la cadence.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the algorithm makes it possible to measure the time interval between shots so as to identify the firing regimes and to calculate their rate. Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il est muni d'un afficheur (8) avec indication des régimes de tirs limites ou excessifs programmés.Device according to Claim 13, characterized in that it is provided with a display (8) with indication of the programmed limit or excessive speed regimes. Dispositif selon la revendication 13 ou 14,
caractérisé en ce qu'il est muni d'un actuateur mécanique (13) pouvant agir sur le mécanisme de l'arme (12) et commandé par le microprocesseur (3) pour intervenir sur le mode de tir de l'arme.Device according to claim 13 or 14,
characterized in that it is provided with a mechanical actuator (13) able to act on the mechanism of the weapon (12) and controlled by the microprocessor (3) to intervene on the firing mode of the weapon. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est pourvu d'une horloge temps réel (14) permettant au microprocesseur (3) d'enregistrer dans la mémoire (4) la date de chaque coup tiré.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided with a real-time clock (14) allowing the microprocessor (3) to record in the memory (4) the date of each shot fired. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il inclut un système de localisation (15), par exemple de type GPS, qui permet au microprocesseur (3) d'enregistrer dans la mémoire (4) la position de l'arme lors de chaque tir.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes a positioning system (15), for example of the GPS type, which enables the microprocessor (3) to record in the memory (4) the position of the weapon during each shot. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est pourvu d'une alimentation électrique (6) et d'un interrupteur (17) pour la mise sous tension du dispositif (1) ou pour activer un signal de réveil du microprocesseur (3) disposant d'un mode de veille.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided with a power supply (6) and a switch (17) for switching on the device (1) or for activating a signal of wake up of the microprocessor (3) having a sleep mode. Dispositif selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que l'interrupteur (17) est un interrupteur actionné par la pression sur la détente de l'arme.Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the switch (17) is a switch actuated by the pressure on the trigger of the weapon. Dispositif selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que l'interrupteur (17) est un capteur de prise en main de la poignée.Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the switch (17) is a grip sensor of the handle. Dispositif selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que l'interrupteur (17) est un capteur de choc actionné à partir d'un certain niveau de choc prédéterminé.Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the switch (17) is an impact sensor actuated from a certain predetermined level of shock. Dispositif selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il est pourvu de deux capteurs de choc unidirectionnels (19-20) branchés en parallèle et placés en tête-bêche pour mémoriser le sens du choc qui a provoqué la mise sous tension du dispositif (1) ou le réveil du microprocesseur (3).Device according to Claim 18, characterized in that it is provided with two shock sensors unidirectional (19-20) connected in parallel and placed head to tail to memorize the direction of shock that caused the power of the device (1) or wake up the microprocessor (3). Arme automatique ou semi-automatique équipée d'un dispositif (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.Automatic or semi-automatic weapon equipped with a device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.
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DE102005011218A1 (en) * 2004-03-10 2005-09-29 Carl Walther Gmbh Firearm e.g. sport firearm, has mechanism to determine characteristic data of firearm such as number of delivered shots, with mechanism having indicator such as display

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WO2009130732A1 (en) * 2008-04-21 2009-10-29 Fabbrica D'armi Pietro Beretta S.P.A. Electronic device for a firearm
US8720092B2 (en) 2008-04-21 2014-05-13 Fabbrica D'armi Pietero Beretta S.P.A. Electronic device for a firearm
CN102410781A (en) * 2011-08-12 2012-04-11 哈尔滨工业大学 Detection device and detection method for frequency of artillery launchings
US9273918B2 (en) 2014-02-10 2016-03-01 Israel Weapon Industries (I.W.I) Ltd. Apparatus and method for counting rounds fired from a firearm
WO2016016744A1 (en) * 2014-07-31 2016-02-04 Fabbrica D'armi Pietro Beretta S.P.A. Electronic system for firearm with fired shot detection means and transmission means
BE1022814B1 (en) * 2015-03-10 2016-09-13 Fn Herstal S.A. Real shot counting device, blank and dry
WO2016142444A1 (en) * 2015-03-10 2016-09-15 Fn Herstal Sa Device for counting live shots, blank shots and dry shots
US10330414B2 (en) 2015-03-10 2019-06-25 Fn Herstal Device for counting live shots, blank shots and dry shots
US10866048B2 (en) 2015-03-10 2020-12-15 Fn Herstal Device for counting live shots, blank shots and dry shots
WO2018158321A1 (en) * 2017-02-28 2018-09-07 Fn Herstal S.A. Device for measuring the rhythm and rate of fire of a weapon
BE1025010B1 (en) * 2017-02-28 2018-09-25 Fn Herstal Sa DEVICE FOR MEASURING A FIRE AND CADENCE REGIME OF AN ARMY

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JP2008025987A (en) 2008-02-07
DE602006018128D1 (en) 2010-12-23
CA2592225C (en) 2011-08-09
NO20073693L (en) 2008-01-21
EP1881292B1 (en) 2010-11-10
CA2592225A1 (en) 2008-01-18
US7669356B2 (en) 2010-03-02
SG139629A1 (en) 2008-02-29
IL183891A (en) 2011-12-29
IL183891A0 (en) 2008-01-20
ATE487915T1 (en) 2010-11-15
AU2007203238B2 (en) 2012-08-16
DK1881292T3 (en) 2011-01-31
NO338164B1 (en) 2016-08-01
US20080016744A1 (en) 2008-01-24
BE1017549A3 (en) 2008-12-02

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