EP1879986A2 - Additiv für kohlenwasserstoffbrennstoff, bestehend aus nicht sauren anorganischen verbindungen von bor und zugehörige verfahren - Google Patents

Additiv für kohlenwasserstoffbrennstoff, bestehend aus nicht sauren anorganischen verbindungen von bor und zugehörige verfahren

Info

Publication number
EP1879986A2
EP1879986A2 EP06750956A EP06750956A EP1879986A2 EP 1879986 A2 EP1879986 A2 EP 1879986A2 EP 06750956 A EP06750956 A EP 06750956A EP 06750956 A EP06750956 A EP 06750956A EP 1879986 A2 EP1879986 A2 EP 1879986A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion
additive
boron
salt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06750956A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Edward C. Baxter, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Envirofuels LLC
Original Assignee
Envirofuels LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Envirofuels LLC filed Critical Envirofuels LLC
Publication of EP1879986A2 publication Critical patent/EP1879986A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12Inorganic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1291Silicon and boron containing compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1266Inorganic compounds nitrogen containing compounds, (e.g. NH3)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of fuel additives, and in particular, to a boron-containing additive for hydrocarbon fuels used to enhance efficiency and/or reduce pollution.
  • hydrocarbon fuels have been used, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Examples of such fuels include gasoline, natural gas, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, LPG, heavy distillates, bunker fuel, ethanol, coal, other solid hydrocarbon fuels and the like. Chemical compounds have been used as fuel additives over the past century to improve various parameters, such as octane number, of various fuels. The use, and subsequent banning, of lead in gasoline has been known for a long time. Tetraethyl lead showed a positive effect on octane and a profoundly negative effect on the environment.
  • a fuel additive that includes a combustion catalyst to reduce smoke and particulate emissions from bus, truck and automobile engines operating on gasoline fuels would be advantageous. Also advantageous would be a fuel additive that increases efficiency and/or decreases pollutants for diesel fuel applications. It would be advantageous to reduce smoke, particulate and nitrogen emissions from fuel applications. An additive that does not result in the formation of precipitates would be also advantageous. An additive for hydrocarbon fuel that reduces level of NOx produced would also be advantageous. Finally, an additive that remains stable during the combustion process would be advantageous.
  • the present invention provides a fuel additive comprising a mixture of at least one salt and a carrier fluid, the salt comprising [Y] a B b O c , wherein [Y] is a cation and the salt is non-acidic, the carrier fluid being operable to maintain the salts within the carrier fluid in at least a partially dispersed state, the fuel additive being operable to enhance combustion when placed into contact with fuel in a combustion zone and combusted, the enhanced combustion being measurable by increased fuel efficiency or decreased pollutant output in an exhaust gas resulting from the combustion of the fuel and the fuel additive.
  • a feature of the present invention is that [Y] is an ammonium compound. Alternately, [Y] is an alkali metal.
  • the present invention also advantageously provides a process for enhancing fuel performance of a hydrocarbon fuel in a combustion system having a combustion zone comprising the steps of providing a fuel additive comprising a mixture of at least one salt and a carrier fluid, the salt comprising [Y] 3 B b O 0 , wherein [Y] is a cation and the salt is non-acidic, in an amount effective to enhance fuel performance to the combustion zone and combusting the hydrocarbon fuel with the fuel additive.
  • a fuel additive comprising a mixture of at least one salt and a carrier fluid, the salt comprising [Y] 3 B b O 0 , wherein [Y] is a cation and the salt is non-acidic, in an amount effective to enhance fuel performance to the combustion zone and combusting the hydrocarbon fuel with the fuel additive.
  • the fuel can be a solid or liquid hydrocarbon fuel.
  • the present invention includes a fuel additive and a method of using the additive in relation to hydrocarbon fuel.
  • the fuel additive of the invention includes a boron-containing salt which preferably includes [Y] 2 B 4 O 7 , wherein Y is a cation.
  • Ammonium is a preferred inorganic cation.
  • Alkali metals are another preferred inorganic cation, more preferably those alkali metals with atomic weights under 50.0.
  • the boron salts are at least partially dispersed in water or another aqueous fluid to create a boron-containing parent dispersion.
  • the boron salts are dispersed in the water or aqueous fluid, and no dissociation or dissolving of the salts occurs.
  • the stable dispersion of boron salts at a preferred particle size of 5 microns or less, more preferably from 2-5 microns, provides a heterogeneous combustion catalyst in hydrocarbon fuel that provides emissions reductions and fuel economy improvements.
  • the boron-containing parent dispersion is added or mixed with a dispersion fluid.
  • the dispersion fluid is a fluid that is operable to maintain the salts within the dispersion fluid in at least a partially dispersed state and that is miscible, or capable of being maintained in solution, in the hydrocarbon fuel.
  • the water for example, is largely removed from the boron-containing parent dispersion in the dispersion fluid through thermal means to create the fuel additive.
  • the dispersion fluid is preferably a Group II base oil.
  • dispersion fluids include light hydrocarbons, gasoline, polygas, kerosene, diesel, naphtha light oils, Group I, III, IV, V or VI base oils as defined by API, aromatic oils, polybutenes, polyglycols, heavier oils or combinations of the same.
  • the fuel additive is operable to enhance combustion when placed into contact with fuel, regadless of the fuel's sulfur content.
  • Enhanced combustion means that fuel efficiency is increased when compared to fuel without the fuel additive, or that pollutant output in an exhaust gas from the combustion is decreased, or a combination of these effects.
  • Typical pollutants can include NOx, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and other recognized pollutants resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel. It is noted that different geographical regions focus on minimizing a particular pollutant depending on air characteristics. Reduction of a target pollutant or a combination of pollutants, such as NOx and CO, is highly advantageous. Alternately, increased fuel efficiency results in a total lower volume of pollutants, as well as economic advantage.
  • ammonium compounds are defined as those compounds containing NR x groups, where R can be for example, hydrogen. NH 4 is particularly preferred. Ammonium compounds have been found to have particularly strong catalytic combustion properties, for example, in terms of NOx reduction, when used in boron-containing salts in accordance with the present invention.
  • the borate salts are essentially neutral but more particularly are not highly acidic.
  • the boron-containing parent dispersion has a pH between about 6.0 and 8.0. Boric acid is typically not present at this relatively neutral pH range. Pentaborates and tetraborates are disclosed herein, for example.
  • the borate salts can be in any form including metaborate, orthoborate or any form of borate that is not acidic, or combinations thereof.
  • the salts can be either anhydrous or in various levels of hydration.
  • the preferred boron salts according to the present invention are inorganic, nonacidic, insoluble and dispersible.
  • the boron-containing parent dispersion of one embodiment of the invention can be used in any type of environment, for example, either hydrophilic or hydrophobic environments.
  • a carrier fluid or fluids be selected to allow for proper dispersion.
  • the carrier fluid can be polyoxpropylene monols, diols and polyols, polyoxybutylene monols, diols and polyols, particularly Bayer Actaclear ND 17.
  • a dispersant used in conjunction with the carrier fluids to create the fuel additive is also encompassed in a preferred embodiment.
  • Preferred dispersants include polyalkenyl succinimides such as Texaco TFA 4690C, Oronite ODA 78012 and Ethyl Hitec 646.
  • at least one carrier fluid can preferably be a fluid with at least some hydrophilic character that is miscible with the fuel to act as compatibilizing agent in conjunction with dispersant.
  • the fuel additive of the invention is useful to enhance combustion such that more complete combustion is achieved with increased combustion to CO 2 and H 2 O as compared to the combustion of the fuel without the fuel additive.
  • the outcome is the reduction of products of partial combustion as well as NO x , thereby increasing fuel efficiency.
  • the fuel additive is used by adding the additive to the fuel in an amount sufficient to increase fuel efficiency and/or to reduce pollutants.
  • the terms enhanced and enhanced combustion refer to either of these effects.
  • An example of reduced pollutants is a reduction of NOx and CO in an exhaust gas produced from an internal combustion engine or direct fired open flame burner.
  • a preferred embodiment includes the addition of between about
  • boron up to 25 ppm boron by weight are effective as well. It is notable that a very cost-effective solution can be prepared with low weight percent of boron, i.e., less than 20 ppm. Another preferred target is less than 15 ppm boron. Relatively low concentrations of boron advantageously provide economic benefits, may be more environmentally acceptable and may provide cleaner operations in the engine with reduced deposits and residues.
  • a process for enhancing fuel performance of a hydrocarbon fuel in a combustion system including the steps of providing the fuel additive described above in an amount effective to enhance fuel performance to the hydrocarbon fuel and combusting the hydrocarbon fuel with the fuel additive.
  • the combustion system can be any means known to those with ordinary skill in the art for combusting hydrocarbon.
  • the combustion system can include any of various internal combustion engines. In a preferred embodiment, this process is used with a liquid or liquefied hydrocarbon fuel. Alternatively, the process may also be utilized with solid hydrocarbon fuel.
  • the result of adding the additive to the hydrocarbon fuel is an enhanced fuel that has a substantial amount of hydrocarbon fuel suitable for combustion, and an amount of the fuel additive operable to enhance combustion.
  • the enhanced fuel contains boron in an amount operable to reduce emissions and improve efficiency upon combustion of the enhanced fuel as compared to the combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel without the fuel additive. More preferably, the enhanced fuel contains boron of between about 5 and 10 ppm by weight. Increased amounts of boron up to 25 ppm boron by weight are effective as well. It is notable that a very cost-effective solution can be prepared with low weight percent of boron, i.e., less than 20 ppm. Another preferred target is less than 15 ppm boron.
  • An alternate embodiment of the invention includes a process for enhancing fuel performance of a hydrocarbon fuel in a combustion system including the steps of adding a chemical addition composition to the hydrocarbon fuel in an amount effective to enhance fuel performance.
  • the chemical addition composition also called the dispersion fluid
  • the chemical addition composition can be created by creating an intermediate aqueous parent dispersion by dispersing the borate salt in water.
  • the next step includes combining the aqueous boron- containing parent dispersion with a carrier fluid in the presence of various dispersants, surfactants and the like and then removing the water to create the boron-containing dispersion fluid.
  • the parent solution, or the boron-containing dispersion fluid of the invention can be added into or include a combustion fuel. Again, it can be advantageous to include dispersants to promote dispersion in fuels that are hydrocarbon based. Exemplary fuels are kerosene, diesel fuel and residual fuels.
  • An enhanced fuel is created when a substantial amount of a fuel suitable for combustion is combined with an amount of the boron-containing parent dispersion or the chemical addition composition sufficient to reduce emissions or to increase efficiency upon combustion of the enhanced fuel.
  • Diesel and gasoline are two examples of fuels suitable for combustion.
  • Other hydrocarbon fuels useful for combustion in a combustion engine are also encompassed.
  • the dispersion fluid is a quantity of a target fluid, that is, a fluid that contains the desired fuel.
  • Example 1 The two solutions were mixed together using a high speed hand mixture to form a water-in-oil emulsion.
  • the emulsion was transferred to a 3 -liter round bottom flask equipped with agitator and Dean-Starke trap with condenser.
  • the mixture was heated with agitation to a maximum temperature of 150° C over a period of about one hour to remove the water.
  • the result was a dispersion of the borate salt in the oil matrix.
  • the final water content was 6,480 ppm with a final theoretical boron content of 1,827 ppm.
  • a lubricating oil suitable for dilution with gasoline and use as two cycle engine fuel was prepared by mixing the boron containing dispersion fluid of Example 2 with Tufflo 6036, a proprietary additive package containing various detergents and dispersants to a final boron content of about 300 ppm. Fuel was then added to the mixture at a 50: 1 ratio to provide a final boron content of about 6 ppm.
  • Example 4 Homelite Yard Broom II Leaf Blower Test
  • the Homelite Yard Broom II Leaf Blower is a hand held blower that uses a 30 cc two cycle gasoline engine.
  • the leaf blower is used to screen for engine efficiency improvements, especially increased fuel economy.
  • the standard Homelite two cycle oil was mixed 50:1 with regular unleaded gasoline of 87 octane. Exactly 250 milliliters of the fuel mixture was added to the leaf blower fuel tank. The engine was then run at full RPM until the fuel was totally consumed and the engine died. The run time, RPM and exhaust temperature were measured and recorded. The test was repeated using the boron- containing oil from Example 3 at 50:1 dilution and about 6 ppm boron. The result was an increase in RPM of 2.3%, a decrease in exhaust air temperature of 6.5% and an increase in run time of 11.8%. These values demonstrate a significant improvement in engine operation efficiency with the boron-containing oil of the invention.
  • Example 5 Diesel Fuel Combustion in an Open Flame
  • a diesel fuel fired open flame burner was used to measure CO emissions.
  • a baseline was established by burning untreated diesel at specific and controlled fuel and air mixtures. For this test the fuel:air mixture was not varied.
  • the boron dispersion fluid of Example 2 was diluted to 20 ppm B with high sulfur No. 2 diesel. This mixture was then used to fuel the burner and over 14 measurements a reduction in CO of 11.5% was measured.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
EP06750956A 2005-04-22 2006-04-21 Additiv für kohlenwasserstoffbrennstoff, bestehend aus nicht sauren anorganischen verbindungen von bor und zugehörige verfahren Withdrawn EP1879986A2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US67390705P 2005-04-22 2005-04-22
PCT/US2006/015072 WO2006116070A2 (en) 2005-04-22 2006-04-21 Additive for hydrocarbon fuel consisting of non-acidic inorganic compounds of boron and related processes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1879986A2 true EP1879986A2 (de) 2008-01-23

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ID=36809194

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06750956A Withdrawn EP1879986A2 (de) 2005-04-22 2006-04-21 Additiv für kohlenwasserstoffbrennstoff, bestehend aus nicht sauren anorganischen verbindungen von bor und zugehörige verfahren

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US20060236596A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1879986A2 (de)
JP (1) JP2008537013A (de)
KR (1) KR20070122233A (de)
CN (1) CN101248161A (de)
AR (1) AR056978A1 (de)
AU (1) AU2006240025A1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0610039A2 (de)
CA (1) CA2603879A1 (de)
EA (1) EA200702310A1 (de)
IL (1) IL186335A0 (de)
MX (1) MX2007013124A (de)
PE (1) PE20061404A1 (de)
UY (1) UY29496A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2006116070A2 (de)

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US20060236596A1 (en) 2006-10-26
UY29496A1 (es) 2006-10-31
CA2603879A1 (en) 2006-11-02
BRPI0610039A2 (pt) 2010-06-01
AR056978A1 (es) 2007-11-07
MX2007013124A (es) 2008-01-18
WO2006116070A3 (en) 2007-04-26
EA200702310A1 (ru) 2008-02-28
AU2006240025A1 (en) 2006-11-02
CN101248161A (zh) 2008-08-20
WO2006116070A2 (en) 2006-11-02
PE20061404A1 (es) 2007-02-03
JP2008537013A (ja) 2008-09-11
KR20070122233A (ko) 2007-12-28
IL186335A0 (en) 2008-01-20

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