EP1878651A2 - Hydrofoil léger - Google Patents

Hydrofoil léger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1878651A2
EP1878651A2 EP07013462A EP07013462A EP1878651A2 EP 1878651 A2 EP1878651 A2 EP 1878651A2 EP 07013462 A EP07013462 A EP 07013462A EP 07013462 A EP07013462 A EP 07013462A EP 1878651 A2 EP1878651 A2 EP 1878651A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrofoil
travel
wing
support surface
drive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07013462A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1878651A3 (fr
Inventor
Udo Gehrer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1878651A2 publication Critical patent/EP1878651A2/fr
Publication of EP1878651A3 publication Critical patent/EP1878651A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
    • B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
    • B63B1/28—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils
    • B63B1/285—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils changing the angle of attack or the lift of the foil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
    • B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
    • B63B1/248—Shape, hydrodynamic features, construction of the foil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a light hydrofoil with at least one buoyancy body, which allows an unpowered driving of the hydrofoil on a water surface, with a drive by means of which the hydrofoil is drivable on the water surface in a direction of travel and at least one bearing surface, which during a journey of the hydrofoil in the direction of travel on the water surface, a hydrofoil lifting the hydrofoil in a vertical direction is generated, wherein water is deflected relative to the hydrofoil, starting from a wing in the direction of travel of the leading edge limiting along the air flowing downwards relative to the hydrofoil.
  • Light hydrofoils in the aforementioned sense are essentially for the transport of one or two persons and their luggage or corresponding loads suitable watercraft.
  • Such light hydrofoils are generally known as one- or two-seat sports and leisure equipment which are propelled by ship's propellers, air propellers or paddles by muscle power (muscular-powered vehicles, HPV) or by sails through wind power.
  • the wings of the known light hydrofoils have a domed top and a nearly flat bottom and are also referred to as "wings".
  • the known light hydrofoils either have at least one boat hull or buoyancy bodies (so-called “floats”), which allow an unpowered drift on a water surface.
  • floats boat hull or buoyancy bodies
  • hydrodynamic lift forces are created on the wings below the water surface, which raises the vehicle with increasing speed to such an extent that the hull or buoyancy bodies are partially or completely lifted out of the water.
  • the flow resistance decreases so significantly that the hydrofoil can be further accelerated after the "take off”.
  • Wings for hydrofoils are therefore on the one hand - because of the higher specific gravity of water - at the same lift values significantly smaller than wings for aircraft.
  • the size of the wing on the other hand - as in Aircraft construction - a compromise that must take into account the available drive power and the desired maximum speed:
  • a predetermined drive power defines the minimum size of the wing via the achievable in the water before takeoff in the water and the buoyancy force, the latter limited in turn on their flow resistance to the maximum speed the take off.
  • the known hydrofoils usually have, while an airfoil carries the main load shortly behind the center of gravity, in front of a smaller control wing, which holds the front portion of the hydrofoil by means of a scanning device after lifting at a nearly constant height above the water surface.
  • the wing With the speed of the hydrofoil rising buoyancy force on the wing, the wing is - because the buoyancy counteracting weight force remains constant - further lifted out of the water and the hydrofoil tilted slightly to the control wing as a fulcrum in the direction of travel slightly from.
  • Multi-wing airfoil assemblies which are lifted out of the water sequentially with increasing velocity, produce high flow resistance upon reaching the water surface.
  • Arched or V-shaped curved wings whose upper wing ends ascend continuously with increasing speed from the water, have due to air intake at the edge regions of their top on an unfavorable efficiency.
  • Airfoils whose length can be changed transversely to the direction of travel by a telescopic structure are structurally very complex and the shortening in turn leads to poorer efficiencies.
  • the vividly obvious active adjustment of the angle of attack of the hydrofoil on the hydrofoil ultimately does not affect the angle of attack that occurs between the wing and the flow direction depending on the speed (but only on the height of the wing under the water surface).
  • DE 102 37 918 A1 discloses a wing with airfoil and several arranged in flow relationship or direction of travel behind each other and articulated under each other connected segments. By adjusting the segments, the curvature of the wing can be adjusted and the trailing edge of the wing can be adjusted relative to the leading edge in the vertical.
  • the proposed wing is to allow over the known rigid wings depending on the driving speed optimization of the profile in terms of buoyancy and resistance. This solution is structurally very complex and also avoids - like the aforementioned approaches - not the unfavorable glide numbers above a defined limit speed.
  • the invention has for its object to allow adjustment of the wing to the speed of a light hydrofoil.
  • the support surface in the direction of travel has a substantially constant thickness and that a rear edge bounding the supporting surface in the direction of travel is adjustable in the vertical direction with respect to the leading edge.
  • the invention solves the obvious from the prior art known problems, to overcome an active wing to be able to adapt to the speed of overcoming them.
  • the approaches to solving this problem from the dynamics of air and water vehicles approaches, especially telescoping and / or pivoting wings are for light hydrofoils due to their structural complexity - and thus inevitably associated size and / or small scale and the need complex bearings - unsuitable ,
  • the invention therefore deviates initially from the prior art of the known lightweight hydrofoils consistently employed the wing with approximately drop-shaped profiled cross-section and suggests instead a wing with in the direction of travel substantially constant thickness, which thus has substantially no profile.
  • airfoils which generate buoyancy above all by the strongly curved top in flow, is formed on the support surface of the hydrofoil according to the invention only by a position relative to the flow direction, a buoyancy force.
  • the - determined in the prior art - proportion of the buoyancy of the curved top of the wing is in the wing of the wing according to the invention fully dependent on the employment of the wing over the flow direction and can therefore be reduced to an arbitrarily small value with the employment of the wing ,
  • the flow resistance which increases inevitably with their square with increasing travel speed when using wings, can be reduced with the wing of the hydrofoil according to the invention - by reducing the angle of attack - to a minimum value.
  • This adjustment of the angle of attack of the support surface is made possible according to the invention by vertically adjusting a rear edge delimiting the support surface in the direction of travel from the front leading edge. To start the hydrofoil according to the invention and to a possible early lifting off allow the wing is made strong and slower for higher speeds.
  • the support surface is essentially a metal sheet, that is to say a plate-shaped steel component.
  • a sheet allows the execution of a wing with a small thickness - ie low flow resistance - with high mechanical strength, good resistance to environmental influences and simple and thus cost-effective production.
  • the support surface of a hydrofoil according to the invention may also be a plate-shaped component, for example of wood, of fiberglass or of a fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • the support surface of a hydrofoil according to the invention for adjusting the trailing edge against the leading edge is bendable. So structurally complex and (especially under water) wear-prone hinges can be largely avoided.
  • the wing is at least over a portion of the width, ie between the leading and trailing edges strong and curved weaker for higher speeds.
  • the rigid segments of such an alternative support surface are preferably connected by elastic elements, for example by glued elastomer elements or by riveted resilient metal strips.
  • the leading edge of a support surface of a hydrofoil according to the invention is preferably immovably connected to the hydrofoil.
  • a firm connection for example by welding, soldering, gluing, riveting or screws, the buoyancy forces arising on the wing are particularly well introduced into the hydrofoil.
  • this may also be articulated or - for level control - be connected vertically displaceable with the hydrofoil.
  • the trailing edge of a wing of a hydrofoil according to the invention is advantageously adjustable in an angular range between a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 15 angular degrees with respect to the direction of travel downward.
  • the buoyancy force carrying its weight is already reached with an adjustment of the airfoil near 0 angle degree, for example at 3 angular degrees.
  • An employment of more than 15 angular degrees for the starting process would lead with high probability to stalls.
  • the trailing edge of a support surface of a hydrofoil according to the invention can also be so resilient, in particular also damped adjustable, that impacts in the vertical are essentially intercepted.
  • the smoothness of the hydrofoil according to the invention not only the ride comfort, but also the stability in troubled, for example, in flowing waters increases.
  • the leading edge of the wing is stiffened.
  • the mechanical strength of the wing can be increased at this particularly heavily stressed place.
  • the leading edge is bent.
  • Such a stiffening furthermore preferably has a wing profile in the direction of travel, with the underside in particular being curved convexly and then concavely, starting from the leading edge in the direction of flow, horizontally, ie parallel to the flow direction and the upper side.
  • This embodiment in addition to the higher stability still has the advantage that the flow of water in disturbances of the position of the hydrofoil in the water, as they can be triggered, for example, by waves, not as easily demolished as in a straight top.
  • Such aerodynamically shaped stiffening can preferably be designed such that it generates a supplementary buoyancy force that falls below the buoyancy force generated by the wing even at a maximum speed of the hydrofoil.
  • the support surface of a hydrofoil according to the invention in the direction of travel is bounded laterally by means of cheeks oriented essentially in the vertical direction. This is how the formation of marginal vortices and the associated energy losses counteracted in such a way that over the entire wing width, an approximately constant buoyancy force.
  • the drive of a hydrofoil according to the invention by muscle power in particular by means of a pedal drive.
  • the pedal drive is structurally very simple and also allows a very uniform introduction of the driving force.
  • the steering of a hydrofoil according to the invention with the feet and the drive can be done via manually operated elements.
  • a lightweight hydrofoil according to the invention - also supportive - by means of a combustion or electric motor, in particular solar electric, are driven by sails or stunt kites.
  • the drive of a hydrofoil according to the invention preferably has a ship's propeller.
  • a propeller allows for small size, the introduction of large propulsive forces.
  • the drive may alternatively also have an air propeller.
  • the hydrofoil would benefit from the adjustable buoyancy of the wing, allowing it to reach higher speeds than other systems, even with low propulsion power. It is also conceivable to be driven by a wave with a hydrofoil according to the invention, since there is a kind of slope of water in front of the shaft, which can be traveled by a surfer with a hydrofoil according to the invention.
  • the hydrofoil 1 of the invention shown in the drawing figures has two laterally arranged in the direction of travel 2 buoyancy body 3, so-called "float” made of polystyrene, which are stiffened with aluminum plates, not shown, and allow him to drive a drift on a water surface (without drive) 4.
  • the drive of the hydrofoil 1 in the direction of travel 2 is carried out by muscle power via a pedal drive 5, an entangled by 90 ° belt drive 6 and a curved drive shaft 7 by means of a ship's propeller eighth
  • the hydrofoil 1 has a in the direction of travel 2 just behind a bucket seat 9 for a (not shown) driver arranged wing 10 of a spring-hard steel and in the direction of travel 2 forward a control wing 11 with a scanning device 12, the so-called "Titscher” on. (The control wing 11 and the scanning device 12 are not shown in simplified form in FIG. 2.)
  • the drive shaft 7 is a stainless steel wire with 8 mm diameter.
  • the drive shaft 7 is axially movably mounted on a strut 13 immediately in front of the propeller 8 and in a mounted on the support surface 10 Teflon slide bearing 14.
  • the thrust forces of the propeller 8 are supported via the drive shaft 7 and a ball bearing 15 in a belt chest 16 in which the belt drive 6 runs.
  • the located in the water part of the drive shaft 7 has a very flat position and a correspondingly low flow resistance.
  • the known from the prior art disadvantages - the reduction of the efficiency of the drive by oblique employment of the propeller 8 on the one hand or the increase of the flow resistance through additional installations in the water on the other hand - are effectively avoided with the hydrofoil 1.
  • the buoyancy bodies 3 have a smooth, flat underside 20 and thus act at the start like water skiing. As the speed increases, a buoyancy force is also created on the wing 10, which finally lifts the hydrofoil 1 by about 30 cm and lifts it out of the water. The flowing water is thereby deflected starting from the leading edge 21 along the support surface 10 to the trailing edge 22 downwards. The resulting position of the hydrofoil 1 is shown in Figure 1 by the water surface (when driving) 23.
  • the steel sheet is bent to a stiffener 24 having a wing profile 25.
  • the stiffener 24 is flat at the bottom 26 and thus curved parallel to the flow direction 27, and at the top 28 in the flow direction 27.
  • the hydrofoil 1 has two substantially vertically oriented cheeks 29, which limit the support surface 10 transversely to the direction of travel 2. Since the cheeks 29 extend to about a hand's breadth below the support surface 10, the hydrofoil 1 can be lowered onto the latter and the control wing 11 on the solid floor (not shown).
  • the stiffener 24 at the leading edge 21 of the support surface 10 is welded to the cheeks 29 and thus connected to the hydrofoil 1 total immovable.
  • the trailing edge 22 is adjustable relative to the leading edge 21 by bending the support surface 10 by means of a Verstellstrebe 30 made of aluminum in the vertical 18.
  • the lower end 31 of the Verstellstrebe 30 is movably mounted in a welded to the support surface 10 bearing block 32, its upper end 33 is manually displaceable by means of a slide guide 34 by the driver of the hydrofoil 1 in the direction of travel 2.
  • a substantially vertical starting position 35 of the Verstellstrebe 30 this pushes the trailing edge 22 of the support surface 10 down, in a slightly forward inclined driving position 36 of Verstellstrebe 30, the support surface 10 is almost horizontal.
  • the angle of attack 37 of the support surface 10 relative to the direction of travel 2 in an angular range 38 between 0 and 15 angular degrees adjustable.
  • the shape of the support surface 10 begins - as the detail view clearly shows in FIG. 4 - with a first region 39, which does not force the inflowing water to change direction because it has no curvature and no angular deviation from the flow direction 27 (inflow region).
  • area 40 begins a curvature, which increasingly points downwards.
  • the resulting curvature forces the water above and below the wing to accelerate downward movement.
  • the inertia of the water counteracting this compulsion generates the buoyancy force.
  • the surface integrals of these pressures also give the size of the buoyancy force.
  • the bending line of the wing takes, when considered sufficient in the direction of travel 2 sufficient wing length, a so harmonious course that up to strong curvatures of here by way of example 15 angle degree does not break the flow.
  • the hydrofoil 1 has over all a length 41 of about 2.5 m, a height 42 of about 115 cm and a width 43 of 80 cm and is designed as a leisure and sports equipment for a person.
  • the bucket seat 9 is mounted.
  • the drive and wing construction of the hydrofoil 1 in the water very streamlined: After lifting the hydrofoil 1 are located below the water surface 23 only "sharp" structures, the flow only offer very little resistance more.
  • the flow resistance of the trailing edges of such structures can be selectively reduced, on the other hand, this air, for example, when it reaches the top of the support surface 10, lead to stall and thus to the collapse of the buoyancy.
  • This process is not the often suspected cavitation, but the filling of negative pressure areas with air.
  • Interruptions or dislocations of the front and / or rear edges of such structures - as in the cuts 46 exemplified here - counteract this effect, because the air can not be sucked in against the direction of flow 27 along an edge 45.
EP07013462A 2006-07-13 2007-07-10 Hydrofoil léger Withdrawn EP1878651A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006032626A DE102006032626B4 (de) 2006-07-13 2006-07-13 Leichtes Tragflächenboot

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1878651A2 true EP1878651A2 (fr) 2008-01-16
EP1878651A3 EP1878651A3 (fr) 2008-06-04

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ID=38621300

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EP07013462A Withdrawn EP1878651A3 (fr) 2006-07-13 2007-07-10 Hydrofoil léger

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EP (1) EP1878651A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006032626B4 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014129915A1 (fr) 2013-02-20 2014-08-28 Ux2 Centrum Technologiczne Sp. Z.O.O Hors-bord de petite taille doté d'ailes
CN115230864A (zh) * 2022-07-05 2022-10-25 王荣昌 一种快艇

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3151593A (en) * 1963-02-04 1964-10-06 Grumman Aircraft Engineering C Hydrofoil craft
FR92801E (fr) * 1963-10-29 1969-01-03 Michel Ebersolt Perfectionnements au plans porteurs immergés.
US3797434A (en) * 1972-09-25 1974-03-19 L Matthews Hydrofoil control means
CH597885A5 (en) * 1975-08-07 1978-04-14 Naso Renato Steerable water sports apparatus
US4349340A (en) * 1980-03-06 1982-09-14 Benjamin Hoffmann Man-propelled hydrofoil boat
FR2576870A1 (fr) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-08 Alaime Claude Velocipede hydroplaneur portatif
WO1995023087A1 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-31 Miller Richard T Planche a voile de type hydroptere dotee d'un hydrofoil en canard supercavitant
DE19700196A1 (de) * 1997-01-04 1998-07-09 Ulrich Brandt Drehbare Gleitflächen für Wasserfahrzeuge

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10237918A1 (de) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-26 Helmut Reccius Fluiddynamischer Profilkörper

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3151593A (en) * 1963-02-04 1964-10-06 Grumman Aircraft Engineering C Hydrofoil craft
FR92801E (fr) * 1963-10-29 1969-01-03 Michel Ebersolt Perfectionnements au plans porteurs immergés.
US3797434A (en) * 1972-09-25 1974-03-19 L Matthews Hydrofoil control means
CH597885A5 (en) * 1975-08-07 1978-04-14 Naso Renato Steerable water sports apparatus
US4349340A (en) * 1980-03-06 1982-09-14 Benjamin Hoffmann Man-propelled hydrofoil boat
FR2576870A1 (fr) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-08 Alaime Claude Velocipede hydroplaneur portatif
WO1995023087A1 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-31 Miller Richard T Planche a voile de type hydroptere dotee d'un hydrofoil en canard supercavitant
DE19700196A1 (de) * 1997-01-04 1998-07-09 Ulrich Brandt Drehbare Gleitflächen für Wasserfahrzeuge

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014129915A1 (fr) 2013-02-20 2014-08-28 Ux2 Centrum Technologiczne Sp. Z.O.O Hors-bord de petite taille doté d'ailes
CN115230864A (zh) * 2022-07-05 2022-10-25 王荣昌 一种快艇

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006032626B4 (de) 2010-07-01
EP1878651A3 (fr) 2008-06-04
DE102006032626A1 (de) 2008-01-17

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