EP1873454B1 - Anordnung mit Bajonettverschluss für Gasturbinenbrennkammer - Google Patents

Anordnung mit Bajonettverschluss für Gasturbinenbrennkammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1873454B1
EP1873454B1 EP07110581.1A EP07110581A EP1873454B1 EP 1873454 B1 EP1873454 B1 EP 1873454B1 EP 07110581 A EP07110581 A EP 07110581A EP 1873454 B1 EP1873454 B1 EP 1873454B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bowl
collar
arrangement according
teeth
arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07110581.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1873454A1 (de
Inventor
Dominique Guezengar
Didier Hernandez
Thomas Noel
Michel Zischek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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Publication of EP1873454A1 publication Critical patent/EP1873454A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002—Wall structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • F23R3/14—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of turbomachine combustion chambers. It relates more particularly to an arrangement of a combustion chamber of the type comprising a chamber bottom pierced with at least one circular opening, an injection system associated with the opening and a deflector mounted on the downstream side of the chamber bottom in the opening.
  • annular turbomachine combustion chamber comprises two longitudinal annular walls (an inner wall and an outer wall) which are connected at their respective upstream end by an equally annular transverse wall forming a chamber bottom. It is provided with a plurality of regularly spaced circular openings and in which are mounted systems for injecting an air / fuel mixture to be burned inside the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel is supplied to the injection systems via injectors integral with the turbomachine casing and whose heads are centered on the injection systems.
  • the air it is introduced into each injection system by means of one or more air spirals opening downstream of the head of the fuel injector.
  • a flared bowl downstream is mounted in each opening to ensure a good distribution of the air / fuel mixture in the primary zone of the combustion chamber.
  • a deflector mounted in each opening of the bottom chamber of the downstream side thereof provides thermal protection of the chamber bottom against the high temperatures of the gases from the combustion of the air / fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
  • the bowl of the injection system with a flange which projects into the interior of the chamber bottom and which extends parallel thereto.
  • a collar has the main function of protecting the injection system against combustion flames in case of decentering of the injection system relative to the chamber bottom.
  • the collar of the bowl which must pass through the opening of the chamber bottom necessarily has a diameter smaller than that of the opening.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is therefore to overcome such drawbacks by proposing an arrangement for a turbomachine combustion chamber which makes it possible on the one hand to prevent one of its component parts from falling inside the chamber. of combustion in case of rupture of a solder or weld, and secondly to have a collar bowl ensuring its thermal protection function regardless of the decentering of the injection system relative to the chamber bottom.
  • the injection system comprises a clamping ring mounted on the upstream side of the chamber bottom and fixed against the sleeve with which they define an annular groove open on the side of the axis of the opening. of the chamber bottom, and an annular bowl mounted in the opening of the chamber bottom, and wherein, according to the invention, the bowl is formed of at least two distinct parts, at least a first portion forming an annular flange adapted to slide radially in the groove formed by the clamping ring and the sleeve and a second bowl flange portion provided with an annular flange extending parallel to the bottom chamber of the downstream side thereof, said first and second parts of the bowl being fixed to one another by means of a dog link.
  • the retraction of the thermal expansion gaps between the casing and the combustion chamber is by sliding of the injection system relative to the chamber bottom.
  • the bowl is made of at least two parts, one of which corresponds to the bowl collar, the latter can be mounted downstream (that is to say, the downstream side of the chamber bottom).
  • this bowl flange a larger diameter than that of the opening of the chamber bottom, so that the thermal protection function of this flange can be assured regardless of the decentering of the injection system relative to the chamber floor.
  • the connection by dog between the two parts of the bowl prevents the bowl collar from colliding with the combustion chamber or the high-pressure turbine in case of rupture of a solder (or solder) for fixing the these two pieces together.
  • the end plate of the bowl has at its downstream end an interlocking ring carrying first teeth spaced circumferentially and projecting radially
  • the bowl flange has an interlocking ring coaxial with that of the flange of the bowl.
  • bowl and bearing second teeth spaced circumferentially and projecting radially, the first and second teeth being spaced apart sufficiently to allow the passage of the first teeth between the second teeth.
  • the arrangement further comprises anti-rotation means for preventing a rotation of the flange of the bowl relative to the bowl flange.
  • These means may consist of a key which passes through the chamber bottom and which engages at one end in a groove of the bowl collar and at another end in a groove of the bowl flange.
  • the first teeth are directed radially inwards and the second teeth are directed radially outwards.
  • the flange of the second portion of the bowl has a length substantially equal to that of the groove formed by the clamping ring and the sleeve.
  • the bowl collar may be pierced with a plurality of ventilation holes opening upstream and opening opposite the collar.
  • the bowl flange may have a shoulder projecting radially outwardly to prevent clogging of the ventilation holes in case of significant off-centering of the injection system relative to the chamber bottom.
  • the bowl flange may be formed of two distinct parts attached to each other by means of a weld or a solder.
  • the invention also relates to a combustion chamber and a turbomachine comprising an arrangement as defined above.
  • the figure 1 partially represents a sectional view of a turbomachine combustion chamber 2 equipped with an arrangement according to the invention.
  • such a combustion chamber 2 is formed of an inner longitudinal annular wall and an outer longitudinal annular wall (these walls are not represented on the figure 1 ), these walls being connected at their respective upstream end by a transverse annular wall 4 forming chamber bottom.
  • the chamber bottom 4 has an upstream side 4a and a downstream side 4b, the latter being directed towards the inside of the combustion chamber 2.
  • the chamber bottom is pierced with a plurality of openings 6 which are regularly spaced apart and each having a substantially circular shape of axis XX.
  • An injection system 8 of an air / fuel mixture is associated with each of these openings 6.
  • a deflector 10 protecting the chamber bottom 4 of the combustion flames is also mounted in each of the openings 6 on the downstream side 4b of the chamber bottom via an annular sleeve 12 projecting from the upstream side.
  • Each injection system 8 has an axis of revolution Y-Y and consists in particular of a fuel injector integral with the turbomachine casing (not shown in the figures).
  • the head 14 of the fuel injector is disposed on the upstream side 4a of the chamber bottom 4 and is centered on the Y-Y axis of the injection system by means of a centering ring 16 which surrounds it.
  • One or more air swirlers 18 optionally provided with a venturi 20 are fixed to the downstream end of the centering ring 16 of the injection system. This or these air swirlers 18 allow air to enter the injection system in a substantially radial direction and to mix with the fuel delivered by the head 14 of the fuel injector. The air / fuel mixture then enters the combustion chamber 2 to be ignited.
  • Each injection system 8 also comprises a so-called pinch ring 22 which is mounted on the upstream side 4a of the chamber bottom 4 and fixed against the sleeve 12 for holding the deflector 10.
  • This pinch ring 22 is centered on the axis XX the opening 6 of the chamber bottom and defines with the sleeve 12 an annular groove 24 which is open on the side of the axis XX.
  • Each injection system 8 further comprises a bowl 26 fixed against the downstream end of the air swirler 18 and whose function is to ensure a good distribution of the air / fuel mixture in the primary zone of the combustion chamber.
  • the bowl 26 is mounted in the corresponding opening 6 of the chamber bottom 4 and is in the general shape of a ring centered on the axis YY of the injection system with in particular a substantially cylindrical portion 26a and another portion 26b which is flared downstream and pierced with a plurality of air introduction holes 28.
  • the bowl 26 further comprises at its downstream end an annular collar 30 which extends parallel to the chamber bottom 4 of the downstream side 4b thereof.
  • This collar has the role of protecting the combustion flame injection system and ensuring the attachment of the injection system by acting as a heat shield.
  • the bowl 26 comprises an annular flange 32 mounted on the upstream side 4a of the chamber bottom 4 and able to slide radially inside the groove 24 formed between the clamping ring 22 and the sleeve 12 for holding the deflector 10.
  • This flange 32 surrounds the cylindrical portion 26a of the bowl being concentric to it.
  • the head 14 of the fuel injector and the entire injection system 8 are slidably mounted relative to the chamber bottom 4 in order to make up for the thermal expansion gaps between the casing and the combustion chamber. With this type of arrangement, the head 14 of the fuel injector therefore remains permanently centered with respect to the injection system 8.
  • the bowl 26 of the injection system 8 is formed of at least two parts distinct from one another, namely at least a first part composed of the annular flange 32 able to slide in the groove 24 and at least a second portion 34 called bowl flange and composed in particular of the cylindrical portion 26a, the flared portion 26b and the collar 30 of thermal protection. Still according to the invention, these first and second parts of the bowl are fixed to each other by means of a dog link described below.
  • the flange 32 of the bowl 26 has at its downstream end an interlocking ring 32a surrounding the cylindrical portion 26a of the bowl and carrying first teeth (or tenons) 36, for example six in the embodiment shown in FIGS. Figures 2 to 4 .
  • These first teeth 36 are regularly circumferentially spaced and protrude radially inwards (that is to say, they are turned towards the axis XX of the opening of the chamber bottom).
  • the first teeth 36 alternate over the entire circumference of the interlocking ring 32a of the flange 32 with notches 37.
  • the circumferential length of the teeth 36 is substantially equal to that of the notches 37 so that with six teeth and six notches, the teeth and the notches each extend at an angle of 30 °.
  • the bowl flange 34 has a snap ring 34a coaxial with that of the flange 32 of the bowl and of smaller diameter than the latter.
  • This ring carries six second teeth 38 regularly spaced circumferentially and projecting radially outwardly. These second teeth 38 also alternate with notches 40 of substantially identical lengths (the second teeth and the notches therefore each extend over an angle of 30 °).
  • the teeth 36 of the flange 32 and the teeth 38 of the bowl flange 34 are sufficiently spaced apart to allow the teeth of the flange to pass between those of the bowl flange (and vice versa).
  • the arrangement according to the invention further comprises anti-rotation means for preventing rotation of the flange 32 of the bowl 26 with respect to the bowl flange 34.
  • these means are formed by a key 42 which passes through the chamber bottom 4 and which engages at one end in an axial groove 44 formed in one of the teeth 38 of the bowl collar 34 ( figure 4 ) and at another end in an axial groove 46 made in one of the teeth 36 of the flange 32 ( figure 3 ).
  • the assembly of the arrangement according to the invention is carried out as follows.
  • the sleeve 12 holding the baffle, the flange 32 of the bowl 26 and the clamping ring 22 are mounted upstream (that is to say by the upstream side 4a of the chamber bottom 4) and fixed to each other. others (solder or solder, for example).
  • the deflector 10 is mounted in the opening 6 of the chamber bottom 4 downstream (that is to say, the downstream side 4b of the chamber bottom) and then fixed to the sleeve 12.
  • the bowl collar 34 is also mounted in the opening 6 downstream (see figures 3 and 4 ).
  • the flange 32 of the bowl and the bowl flange 34 are then rotated so that their grooves 44, 46 for introducing the anti-rotation key are aligned axially.
  • the bowl flange 34 is then rotated a fraction of a turn in such a way that the teeth 36 of the engagement ring 32a of the flange are axially aligned with the notches 40 of the engagement ring 34a of the flange. bowl (and vice versa).
  • the bowl collar must be rotated 30 °.
  • the nesting ring 34a of the bowl flange is then engaged under that of the flange, the first teeth 36 passing between the seconds 38.
  • the bowl flange having thus been engaged, it is rotated 30 ° in the opposite direction of the flange.
  • interlocking rings 32a, 34a respectively of the first part 32 and the second part 34 of the bowl 26 are, in addition to their connection by dog, brazed or welded together.
  • the bowl flange 34 will be retained by its teeth 38 engaged behind those 36 of the flange. Thus, even in the case of solder or defective welding, the bowl flange 34 can not fall into the combustion chamber 2.
  • the assembly process of the parts of the arrangement may vary. Indeed, all the parts can be fixed together by brazing or soldering after their assembly but it is also possible to proceed to the separate assembly of subassemblies of parts which are then fixed together (for example the bottom of the chamber, the deflector and the sheath can form a subset).
  • the flange 30 of this second portion of the bowl may have a diameter greater than that of the opening 6 chamber bottom 4 and thus effectively protect the injection system against combustion flames regardless of the decentering thereof relative to the chamber bottom.
  • FIG. 5 This figure represents one of two possible cases of maximum decentering between the injection system and the chamber bottom.
  • the axis of revolution YY of the injection system is shifted radially as far as possible inwards with respect to the axis XX of the opening of the chamber bottom (in comparison with the arrangement of FIG. figure 1 in which there is no decentering).
  • the diameter of the flange 30 of the second portion 34 of the bowl is such as to cover radially the flange 32 of the injection system to protect it against combustion flames.
  • the length of the collar 30 of the second portion 34 of the bowl is also substantially equal to that of the groove 24 formed between the clamping ring 22 and the sleeve 12 for holding the deflector.
  • the bowl flange 34 is pierced with a plurality of ventilation holes 48 opening upstream and opening opposite the flange 30.
  • Such holes have the function of creating a film of air flowing radially along the downstream side of the deflector to cool the latter.
  • the flange 30 makes it possible to prevent the cooling air from entering directly into the combustion chamber, which would affect the pollution parameters.
  • the interlocking ring 34a of the bowl flange 34 has an annular shoulder 50 projecting radially outwards.
  • a shoulder 50 comes into radial abutment against an inner face of the deflector 10, which avoids in such a situation that the deflector does not block the ventilation holes 48 of the bowl collar.
  • the second portion 34 of the bowl 26 may itself be formed of two parts distinct from each other and fixed to one another by means of a weld or a solder 52 ( figure 1 ).
  • the bowl flange can be divided into a portion provided with the flange 30 and the interlocking ring 34a and in a second portion having the cylindrical portion 26a and the flared portion 26b of the bowl.
  • Such an arrangement makes it easy to make the ventilation holes 48 of the bowl flange 34 by machining.
  • the bowl collar could be made of a one-piece casting part as shown on the drawings. figures 3 and 4 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Anordnung für eine Brennkammer einer Turbomaschine, umfassend einen Kammerboden (4), der von wenigstens einer im Wesentlichen kreisförmigen Öffnung (6) durchbohrt ist, ein Einspritzsystem (8), das der Öffnung zugeordnet ist, sowie einen Abweiser (10), der auf der stromabwärtigen Seite (4b) des Kammerbodens in der Öffnung (6) mittels einer ringförmigen Hülse (12) angebracht ist, wobei das Einspritzsystem (8) umfasst:
    einen Klemmring (22), der auf der stromaufwärtigen Seite (4a) des Kammerbodens (4) angebracht und an der Hülse (12) befestigt ist, mit der sie eine auf der Seite der Achse (X-X) der Öffnung (6) des Kammerbodens offene Ringnut (24) definieren, und
    eine ringförmige Schale (26), die in der Öffnung (6) des Kammerbodens angebracht ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schale (26) von wenigstens zwei separaten Teilen gebildet ist, wenigstens einem ersten Teil (32), das einen ringförmigen Flansch bildet, der geeignet ist, in der durch den Klemmring und die Hülse gebildeten Nut (24) radial zu gleiten, und einem einen Schalenbund bildenden zweiten Teil (34), das mit einem ringförmigen Kragen (30) versehen ist, welcher parallel zu dem Kammerboden auf dessen stromabwärtiger Seite verläuft, wobei das erste und das zweite Teil der Schale mittels einer Klauenverbindung aneinander befestigt sind.
  2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Flansch (32) der Schale (26) an seinem stromabwärtigen Ende einen Steckring (32a) aufweist, der erste Zähne (36) trägt, die in Umfangsrichtung beabstandet sind und radial vorspringen, und der Schalenbund (34) einen Steckring (34a) aufweist, der zu demjenigen des Flansches der Schale koaxial ist und zweite Zähne (38) trägt, die in Umfangsrichtung beabstandet sind und radial vorspringen, wobei die ersten und die zweiten Zähne (36, 38) ausreichend beabstandet sind, um den Durchgang der ersten Zähne zwischen den zweiten Zähnen zu ermöglichen.
  3. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, ferner umfassend Drehsicherungsmittel, die ermöglichen, eine Drehung des Flansches (32) der Schale gegenüber dem Schalenbund (34) zu verhindern.
  4. Anordnung nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Drehsicherungsmittel aus einem Keil (42) bestehen, der den Kammerboden (4) durchgreift und der an einem Ende in eine Nut (44) des Schalenbunds (34) und an einem anderen Ende in eine Nut (46) des Flansches (32) der Schale eingreift.
  5. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, wobei die ersten Zähne (36) radial nach innen gerichtet sind und die zweiten Zähne (38) radial nach außen gerichtet sind.
  6. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Kragen (30) des zweiten Teils (34) der Schale eine Länge aufweist, die im Wesentlichen gleich derjenigen der durch den Klemmring (22) und die Hülse (12) gebildeten Nut (24) ist.
  7. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei der Schalenbund (34) von einer Vielzahl von Lüftungslöchern (48), die sich in stromaufwärtiger Richtung öffnen und gegenüber dem Kragen (30) ausmünden, durchbohrt ist.
  8. Anordnung nach Anspruch 7, wobei der Schalenbund (34) eine radial nach außen vorspringende Schulter (50) aufweist, die dazu bestimmt ist, ein Versperren der Lüftungslöcher (48) im Falle einer starken Dezentrierung des Einspritzsystems (8) gegenüber dem Kammerboden (4) zu vermeiden.
  9. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei der Schalenbund (34) von zwei separaten Teilen gebildet ist, die mittels einer Schweißnaht oder einer Lötung (52) aneinander befestigt sind.
  10. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei das Einspritzsystem (8) ferner wenigstens eine Luftschraube (18), die an dem stromaufwärtigen Ende des Schalenbunds (34) befestigt ist, sowie einen Zentrierring (16), der an dem stromaufwärtigen Ende der Luftschraube befestigt ist und einen Treibstoffinjektor (14) umgibt, umfasst.
  11. Turbomaschinenbrennkammer, die eine Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 umfasst.
  12. Turbomaschine, die eine Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 umfasst.
EP07110581.1A 2006-06-29 2007-06-19 Anordnung mit Bajonettverschluss für Gasturbinenbrennkammer Active EP1873454B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0652716A FR2903171B1 (fr) 2006-06-29 2006-06-29 Agencement a liaison par crabot pour chambre de combustion de turbomachine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1873454A1 EP1873454A1 (de) 2008-01-02
EP1873454B1 true EP1873454B1 (de) 2015-01-14

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Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7478534B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1873454B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4873737B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2592788C (de)
FR (1) FR2903171B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2435106C2 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1873454A1 (de) 2008-01-02
US7478534B2 (en) 2009-01-20
FR2903171B1 (fr) 2008-10-17
RU2007124388A (ru) 2009-01-10
CA2592788A1 (fr) 2007-12-29
US20080202122A1 (en) 2008-08-28
JP4873737B2 (ja) 2012-02-08
CA2592788C (fr) 2015-09-01
FR2903171A1 (fr) 2008-01-04
RU2435106C2 (ru) 2011-11-27
JP2008008611A (ja) 2008-01-17

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