EP1872881A2 - Method and device for embossing a drum cover - Google Patents

Method and device for embossing a drum cover Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1872881A2
EP1872881A2 EP20070110034 EP07110034A EP1872881A2 EP 1872881 A2 EP1872881 A2 EP 1872881A2 EP 20070110034 EP20070110034 EP 20070110034 EP 07110034 A EP07110034 A EP 07110034A EP 1872881 A2 EP1872881 A2 EP 1872881A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
embossing
drum
drum casing
drum shell
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20070110034
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1872881B1 (en
EP1872881A3 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Tellen
Marcus Exler
Uwe Ratfisch
Thorsten Tillack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority to PL07110034T priority Critical patent/PL1872881T3/en
Publication of EP1872881A2 publication Critical patent/EP1872881A2/en
Publication of EP1872881A3 publication Critical patent/EP1872881A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1872881B1 publication Critical patent/EP1872881B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/04—Stamping using rigid devices or tools for dimpling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/156—Making tubes with wall irregularities
    • B21C37/158—Protrusions, e.g. dimples
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D17/00—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles
    • B21D17/02—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles by pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/025—Stamping using rigid devices or tools for tubular articles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00—Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/02—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00—Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/02—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums
    • D06F37/04—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums adapted for rotation or oscillation about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • D06F37/06—Ribs, lifters, or rubbing means forming part of the receptacle
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00—Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/02—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums
    • D06F37/04—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums adapted for rotation or oscillation about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • D06F37/08—Partitions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00—Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/02—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums
    • D06F37/12—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums adapted for rotation or oscillation about a vertical axis
    • D06F37/16—Partitions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for introducing embossing into a metallic drum shell, in particular for introducing embossed structures into a drum shell or the lateral surface of a laundry drum, as well as a device for implementing the method.
  • a method for introducing embossing into a metallic drum shell in particular for introducing embossed structures into a drum shell or the lateral surface of a laundry drum, as well as a device for implementing the method.
  • Laundry drums of the type in question are provided in the lateral surface or the drum shell with a plurality of holes, which serve the liquid exchange during the washing or drying process.
  • symmetrically distributed drivers are arranged on the inner wall of the drum shell, through which the laundry is mechanically treated during the rotational movement of the drum.
  • drum casing are provided between the receptacles for the driver with imprints that are designed differently for the purpose of greater mechanical strength of the drum and / or to achieve a special washing technology objective position by the manufacturers.
  • the support of the arch structures to be impressed are the support elements, which are pressed from the inside against the drum shell and rotate with the drum during the rotational movement of the pressure rollers. According to the intended number of drivers three or four support elements and corresponding pressure rollers are arranged distributed symmetrically in the device.
  • the method described above has the common disadvantage that the devices operating according to these methods are structurally complicated and very expensive to produce.
  • very high demands are placed on the accuracy of drum guide and positioning.
  • the size of the rollers is to be matched exactly to that of the drum, which disadvantageously means that for each drum size a correspondingly adapted roller must be used.
  • Another disadvantage is that the rollers wear out considerably due to sideways friction occurring on the side areas of the stamps. But even with low wear of the rollers, the embossed structure can no longer with the required accuracy and quality be generated.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing the embossing in a drum shell that can be realized with simpler means and in which the parts used in the tool are protected from heavy wear.
  • this object is achieved by a method according to the features of claim 1 and with a device for implementing the method according to the features of claim 7. Further features and preferred embodiments are contained in the respective subsequent subclaims, the features of which can be used individually or in any combination with one another or with the features of the independent claim of the respective other category. Preferred embodiments of the method according to preferred embodiments of the device, and vice versa.
  • the cylindrically curved drum shell is held in a fixed position during the embossing process.
  • the pressure-generating active components in the embossing device which act on the drum casing from inside and outside, are linearly movable. The positionally secure holding the drum in the working position and the pressure applied to introduce the embossing pressure forces are radially outwardly to the middle of the drum and the center of the drum aligned radially outward and cancel each other out in the sum.
  • the device operating according to the method of the invention contains no rotating components which act on the drum. It eliminates a required in the prior art rotary drive and the complex leadership of the drum during the rotary motion. The device is much simpler in comparison to those of the prior art and works extremely reliable. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the reproducibility and the accuracy of the embossed structures introduced can be improved and the tools wear out less.
  • positioning aids for the establishment of the drum shell serve, for example, the boreholes, which are provided for fastening the driver on the inner wall of the drum shell or other recesses, which have a typical function for the drum shell. This eliminates a hassle for additional positioning aids.
  • the embossments are introduced into several successive steps in the drum shell.
  • the device has means with which the drum alone or the drum together with the holding elements can be moved and positioned accordingly.
  • stamping dies are arranged next to and behind one another in a curved surface.
  • the individual embossing stamps are each carrier of a single expression and are independent of each other controllable with respect to the printing depth and / or the compressive force.
  • the Jacobmatrize is designed according to the stamping dies.
  • a washing machine 14 is shown with a horizontally arranged laundry drum, of which here the drum shell 1 is visible.
  • the drum casing 1 has an embossed structure 3 in the regions between the drivers 10 (see also FIG. 2).
  • the laundry drum is embossed by a process in which the cylindrically curved drum shell 1 is held in a fixed position during the embossing process.
  • the embossing is introduced in one or more work steps according to the flowchart in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 A first embodiment of an embossing device 7 is shown in Fig. 4, which is designed for laundry drums with three drivers 10. Characteristic of this device 7 are mutually symmetrically offset by 120 ° arranged radially movable die 4, which act from the outside perpendicular to the drum shell 1.
  • the surface of the embossing punch 4 facing the outer surface of the drum shell 1 carries the embossing structure 3.
  • the embossed structure 3 is introduced in several working steps, the drum 1 being brought into the individual working positions by turning. As a result, directly adjacent embossed structural surfaces can be formed on the drum shell.
  • the device can also offset the drum shell in the depth, namely coaxially to the drum axis A.
  • the different working positions may deviate from it be adjusted so that the holding device 2 is rotated together with the clamped drum shell 1 in the embossing device 7 or axially offset.
  • An analog embossing device 7 for four drivers 10 is shown in Fig. 5 as a longitudinal section through the drum axis A.
  • the intended for receiving the drum shell cylinder 1 holder is formed segmented.
  • the outer surfaces of the retaining segments 2, which point to the inside of the drum shell 1, are the carriers of the counter-die 5 and form the abutment to the externally acting embossing dies 4.
  • the individual retaining segments 2 are radially outwardly movable and are corresponding in size and shape formed to the stamping dies 4.
  • the plugged with little play on the support core drum shell cylinder 1 is stretched and locked in the respective embossing position by spreading the retaining segments 2 radially outwardly against the inner drum wall 1 safely.
  • the spreading of the retaining segments 2 can be effected in a simple manner via an eccentric shaft.
  • the eccentric shaft and other structural details of the embossing device 7 are not shown in the drawing.
  • the retaining segments 2 are moved radially inward.
  • the drum shell cylinder 1 is welded at the seam or permanently connected in some other way. With the device 7 drum shell cylinder 1 can be processed without and with inserted rear wall. Associated with this is the advantage of being able to flexibly classify the embossing process in the technological production chain of the laundry drum.
  • the pressurization of the three punches 4 takes place simultaneously and under the same high pressure, so that the applied pressure forces cancel each other out in the sum.
  • the requirements for the housing of the device 7 with respect to its mechanical strength can therefore be kept to a minimum.
  • embossing device 7 in FIG. 6 a plurality of embossing dies 4 aligned with the drum axis A are arranged directly adjacent to one another per embossing area in a circular arc.
  • the pressure surfaces are adapted to the drum radius. Since each individual stamp 4 is radially movable, the device 7 is particularly suitable for introducing deep embossed structures 3 and for embossing thicker sheets.
  • a segmented embossing unit is shown.
  • the embossing unit consists of a curved support 8 with a plurality of radially aligned guides 9 for receiving individual, linearly movable punch segments 6.
  • the punch segments 6 are carriers each having a single embossing mold.
  • the embossing pressure 11 is generated by radial movement of the punch segments 6, which are each controllable with respect to the pressing force and the embossing depth.
  • the entire embossed structure results from the entirety of the individual embossings, which are introduced in one or more process steps.
  • segmented embossing units By using the segmented embossing units, it is possible to emboss drum shells 1 of different structures 3 with a correspondingly adapted counter-die 5, with only one tool.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Main Body Construction Of Washing Machines And Laundry Dryers (AREA)

Abstract

The procedure for introducing an embossing structure (3) into a metallic drum casing (1) of a washing drum, comprises positioning the drum casing, operationally locking the drum casing, and embossing the drum casing. The embossing pressure producing the embossing structure in the drum casing is exercised between the embossing structure consisting of a pressure drive and a supporting element. The supporting element is provided at a bearing surface with a die consisting of the counter structure. The cylindrically curved drum casing is held in a fixed position during the embossing process. The procedure for introducing an embossing structure (3) into a metallic drum casing (1) of a washing drum, comprises positioning the drum casing, operationally locking the drum casing, and embossing the drum casing. The embossing pressure producing the embossing structure in the drum casing is exercised between the embossing structure consisting of a pressure drive and a supporting element. The supporting element is provided at a bearing surface with a die consisting of the counter structure. The cylindrically curved drum casing is held in a fixed position during the embossing process. The drum casing is brought by turning and/or axially shifting into the intended embossing positions. The pressure forces exercised in the embossing on the drum casing mutually repeal themselves in the sum. Different embossing structures are produced in controlled manner. The drum casing is positioned over recesses, which has a typical function for the drum casing. An independent claim is included for a device for introducing an embossing structure into a metallic drum casing of a washing drum.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Einbringen von Prägungen in einen metallischen Trommelmantel, insbesondere zum Einbringen von Prägestrukturen in einen Trommelmantel oder die Mantelfläche einer Wäschetrommel, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Realisierung des Verfahrens. Im Folgenden wird, ohne damit die Anwendung der Erfindung auf andere Bereiche auszuschließen, nur auf Wäschetrommeln Bezug genommen.The invention relates to a method for introducing embossing into a metallic drum shell, in particular for introducing embossed structures into a drum shell or the lateral surface of a laundry drum, as well as a device for implementing the method. Hereinafter, without excluding the application of the invention to other areas, reference is made only to laundry drums.

Wäschetrommeln der in Rede stehenden Art sind in der Mantelfläche bzw. dem Trommelmantel mit einer Vielzahl von Löchern versehen, die dem Flüssigkeitsaustausch während des Wasch- bzw. Trocknungsprozesses dienen. Zur Optimierung des Waschprozesses sind an der Innenwand des Trommelmantels symmetrisch verteilt Mitnehmer angeordnet, durch die das Waschgut während der Drehbewegung der Trommel mechanisch behandelt wird.Laundry drums of the type in question are provided in the lateral surface or the drum shell with a plurality of holes, which serve the liquid exchange during the washing or drying process. To optimize the washing process, symmetrically distributed drivers are arranged on the inner wall of the drum shell, through which the laundry is mechanically treated during the rotational movement of the drum.

Es sind Wäschetrommeln bekannt, deren Trommelmantel zwischen den Aufnahmen für die Mitnehmer mit Prägungen versehen sind, die zum Zwecke einer größeren mechanischen Festigkeit der Trommel und/oder zur Erreichung einer speziellen waschtechnologischen Zielstellung von den Herstellern unterschiedlich ausgeformt sind.There are known laundry drums, the drum casing are provided between the receptacles for the driver with imprints that are designed differently for the purpose of greater mechanical strength of the drum and / or to achieve a special washing technology objective position by the manufacturers.

Zum Einbringen derartiger Prägungen in das Trommelblech von Wäschetrommeln sind Verfahren und Vorrichtungen entwickelt worden, bei denen in einen ebenen Blechzuschnitt die gewünschten Prägungen eingebracht werden und anschließend die geprägte Blechtafel zu einem den Trommelmantel bildenden Zylinder gerollt wird. Diese Verfahren haben Nachteile, die Anwendung des Verfahrens ist nur eingeschränkt möglich. Die in der Ebene eingebrachten Prägungen werden beim anschließenden Biegeprozess teilweise verändert und zwar in tangentialer Richtung stärker als in axialer Richtung. Insbesondere bei tiefen Prägungen, die, z. B., zur Erhöhung der Formstabilität in den Trommelzylinder eingebracht werden, ist dieses Verfahren nicht anwendbar. Stark eingeschränkt sind darüber hinaus die Möglichkeiten zum Einbringen von in Umfangsrichtung verlaufenden, langen Prägestrukturen. In jedem Falle wird ein auf diese Art hergestellter Trommelmantel unrund, insbesondere vieleckig, was weder der ästetischen Formgebung noch der weiteren Verarbeitung mit Formveränderungen (Rollen, Falzen etc.) förderlich ist.For introducing such embossments in the drum plate of laundry drums methods and devices have been developed in which the desired embossments are introduced into a flat sheet metal blank and then the embossed metal sheet is rolled to form a drum shell cylinder. These methods have disadvantages, the use of the method is limited. The embossments introduced in the plane are partially changed during the subsequent bending process, specifically in the tangential direction more strongly than in the axial direction. Especially with deep imprints, the, z. Example, be introduced to increase the dimensional stability in the drum cylinder, this method is not applicable. In addition, the possibilities for introducing circumferentially extending, long embossed structures are severely limited. In any case, a drum shell produced in this way is out of round, especially polygonal, which neither the aesthetic shape nor the other Processing with changes in shape (rolling, folding, etc.) is conducive.

Um solche Mängel zu vermeiden, sind verbesserte Verfahren entwickelt worden, bei denen Prägungen in einen zum Zylinder gerollten Trommelmantel eingebracht werden. In der DE 199 54 027 C2 wird ein Verfahren dieser Art beschrieben. Bei dem bekannten Verfahren wird der in einem vorgelagerten Fertigungsschritt zu einem Hohlzylinder gerollte Trommelzylinder zwischen einer Andruckrolle mit einem flexiblen Mantel und einer mit Stützelementen versehenen Walze mit dem Prägedruck beaufschlagt rotierend bewegt und geführt. Bedingt durch die unterschiedlichen Rotationsgeschwindigkeiten zwischen den Walzen und der Trommel können Taumelbewegungen auftreten, die die Gleichmäßigkeit der über den Trommelumfang eingebrachten Prägestrukturen beeinträchtigen.In order to avoid such defects, improved processes have been developed in which embossments are introduced into a cylinder jacket rolled drum. In the DE 199 54 027 C2 a method of this kind is described. In the known method, the drum cylinder, which has been rolled into a hollow cylinder in an upstream production step, is subjected to the embossing pressure in a rotary motion and guided between a pressure roller with a flexible jacket and a roller provided with support elements. Due to the different rotational speeds between the rollers and the drum wobbling can occur, which affect the uniformity of introduced over the drum circumference embossed structures.

Aus der DE 100 21 456 C2 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, das diesen Nachteil vermeidet. Träger der einzuprägenden Wölbstrukturen sind die Stützelemente, die von innen an den Trommelmantel gepresst werden und bei der Drehbewegung der Druckwalzen mit der Trommel rotieren. Entsprechend der vorgesehenen Anzahl von Mitnehmern sind drei oder vier Stützelemente und dazu entsprechende Druckwalzen in der Vorrichtung symmetrisch verteilt angeordnet.From the DE 100 21 456 C2 a method is known which avoids this disadvantage. The support of the arch structures to be impressed are the support elements, which are pressed from the inside against the drum shell and rotate with the drum during the rotational movement of the pressure rollers. According to the intended number of drivers three or four support elements and corresponding pressure rollers are arranged distributed symmetrically in the device.

Aus der DE 71 45 276 U1 geht eine Vorrichtung zum Prägen von Noppen, Warzen oder dergleichen in die Wand eines Rohres hervor, welche allerdings zur Anwendung an einem Trommelmantel der hier betrachteten Art weder geeignet noch bestimmt ist.From the DE 71 45 276 U1 is a device for embossing of knobs, warts or the like in the wall of a tube forth, which, however, is neither suitable nor intended for use on a drum shell of the type considered here.

Den vorbeschriebenen Verfahren ist der Nachteil gemeinsam, dass die nach diesen Verfahren arbeitenden Vorrichtungen konstruktiv kompliziert und sehr kostenaufwendig herzustellen sind. Um eine über den Trommelmantel gleichmäßige Prägestruktur gewährleisten zu können, sind sehr hohe Anforderungen bezüglich der Genauigkeit von Trommelführung und -positionierung zu stellen. Die Größe der Walzen ist genau auf die der Trommel abzustimmen, was in nachteiliger Weise bedeutet, dass für jede Trommelgröße eine entsprechend angepasste Walze eingesetzt werden muss. Gleiches gilt für verschiedene Prägestrukturen. Für Hersteller mit einem großen Gerätesortiment bedeutet dies, eine entsprechend große Anzahl unterschiedlicher Walzen vorhalten zu müssen. Nachteilig ist auch, dass durch die an den Seitenbereichen der Stempel auftretenden Seitwärtsreibungen die Walzen stark verschleißen. Schon bei geringem Verschleiß der Walzen kann aber die Prägestruktur nicht mehr mit der erforderlichen Genauigkeit und Qualität erzeugt werden.The method described above has the common disadvantage that the devices operating according to these methods are structurally complicated and very expensive to produce. In order to be able to ensure a uniform over the drum shell embossed structure, very high demands are placed on the accuracy of drum guide and positioning. The size of the rollers is to be matched exactly to that of the drum, which disadvantageously means that for each drum size a correspondingly adapted roller must be used. The same applies to different embossing structures. For manufacturers with a large range of equipment, this means having to hold a correspondingly large number of different rollers. Another disadvantage is that the rollers wear out considerably due to sideways friction occurring on the side areas of the stamps. But even with low wear of the rollers, the embossed structure can no longer with the required accuracy and quality be generated.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Prägungen in einem Trommelmantel anzugeben, dass mit einfacheren Mitteln realisierbar ist und bei dem die im Werkzeug verwendeten Teile vor starkem Verschleiß bewahrt werden.The invention has for its object to provide a method for producing the embossing in a drum shell that can be realized with simpler means and in which the parts used in the tool are protected from heavy wear.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe mit einem Verfahren gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 und mit einer Vorrichtung zur Umsetzung des Verfahrens gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 7 gelöst. Weitere Merkmale und bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen sind in den jeweils nachfolgenden Unteransprüchen enthalten, deren Merkmale einzeln oder in beliebiger Kombination miteinander oder mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs der jeweils anderen Kategorie angewendet werden können. Bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens entsprechend somit bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Vorrichtung, und umgekehrt.According to the invention this object is achieved by a method according to the features of claim 1 and with a device for implementing the method according to the features of claim 7. Further features and preferred embodiments are contained in the respective subsequent subclaims, the features of which can be used individually or in any combination with one another or with the features of the independent claim of the respective other category. Preferred embodiments of the method according to preferred embodiments of the device, and vice versa.

Von Bedeutung ist, dass der zylindrisch gebogene Trommelmantel während des Prägevorgangs in einer festen Position gehalten wird. Die Druck erzeugenden aktiven Bauelemente in der Prägevorrichtung, die von innen und von außen auf den Trommelmantel wirken, sind linear verfahrbar. Die zum positionssicheren Halten der Trommel in der Arbeitsposition sowie die zum Einbringen der Prägungen übertragenen Druckkräfte sind radial von außen zur Trommelmitte und von der Trommelmitte radial nach außen ausgerichtet und heben sich in der Summe gegenseitig auf.Of importance is that the cylindrically curved drum shell is held in a fixed position during the embossing process. The pressure-generating active components in the embossing device, which act on the drum casing from inside and outside, are linearly movable. The positionally secure holding the drum in the working position and the pressure applied to introduce the embossing pressure forces are radially outwardly to the middle of the drum and the center of the drum aligned radially outward and cancel each other out in the sum.

Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren arbeitende Vorrichtung enthält keine rotierenden Bauteile, die auf die Trommel einwirken. Es entfällt ein im Stand der Technik erforderlicher Drehantrieb und die aufwendige Führung der Trommel bei der Drehbewegung. Die Vorrichtung ist im Vergleich zu denen des Standes der Technik sehr viel einfacher aufgebaut und arbeitet außerordentlich funktionssicher. Weiterhin ist von Vorteil, dass die Reproduzierbarkeit und die Genauigkeit der eingebrachten Prägestrukturen verbessert werden können und die Werkzeuge weniger verschleißen.The device operating according to the method of the invention contains no rotating components which act on the drum. It eliminates a required in the prior art rotary drive and the complex leadership of the drum during the rotary motion. The device is much simpler in comparison to those of the prior art and works extremely reliable. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the reproducibility and the accuracy of the embossed structures introduced can be improved and the tools wear out less.

Als Positionierhilfen für das Einrichten des Trommelmantels dienen beispielsweise die Bohrlöcher, die zur Befestigung der Mitnehmer an der Innenwand des Trommelmantels vorgesehen sind oder andere Ausnehmungen, die eine für den Trommelmantel typische Funktion aufweisen. Damit entfällt ein Aufwand für zusätzliche Positionierhilfen.As positioning aids for the establishment of the drum shell serve, for example, the boreholes, which are provided for fastening the driver on the inner wall of the drum shell or other recesses, which have a typical function for the drum shell. This eliminates a hassle for additional positioning aids.

In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die Prägungen in mehreren nacheinander folgenden Arbeitsschritten in den Trommelmantel eingebracht. Durch Drehen und/oder Verschieben in axialer Richtung wird der Trommel-Hohlzylinder in die verschiedenen Arbeitspositionen gebracht. Die Vorrichtung weist dazu Mittel auf, mit denen die Trommel allein oder die Trommel gemeinsam mit den Halteelementen entsprechend bewegt und positioniert werden kann.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the embossments are introduced into several successive steps in the drum shell. By turning and / or moving in the axial direction of the drum-hollow cylinder is brought into the different working positions. For this purpose, the device has means with which the drum alone or the drum together with the holding elements can be moved and positioned accordingly.

Der zeitliche Mehraufwand des Verfahrens in mehreren Arbeitsschritten wird kompensiert durch die Vorteile, die sich aus der Verwendung von kleineren Prägestempeln ergeben. Mit tangential sehr schmal ausgelegten Stempeln kann dem Nachteil breiter Prägestempel entgegengewirkt werden, bei denen die Prägungen in den Seitenbereichen nicht in idealer Weise radial eingebracht werden können und es dadurch zu starkem Abrieb zwischen dem Blech und der Matrize des Stempels sowie zu Verzerrungen kommt, die insbesondere bei tiefen Prägungen oder stärkerem Blechmaterial zu Qualitätsverlusten führen.The temporal overhead of the process in several steps is compensated by the advantages that result from the use of smaller dies. With punctures very narrow designed punches can be counteracted the disadvantage of wide die, in which the embossments in the side areas can not be introduced radially in an ideal manner and this leads to strong abrasion between the plate and the die of the punch and distortions, in particular lead to loss of quality for deep embossing or stronger sheet material.

In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden für jeden Prägebereich mehrere schmale, dem Radius der Trommel angepasste Stempel umfänglich unmittelbar neben einander angeordnet, die radial zur Trommelmitte verfahrbar sind. Mit einer solchen Anordnung sind tiefe Prägungen sehr hoher Qualität durchführbar. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass der Verschleiß der Werkzeuge sehr gering ist, die Standzeit der Werkzeuge wird verlängert.In a preferred embodiment of the invention a plurality of narrow, the radius of the drum adapted punch circumferentially arranged immediately adjacent to each other for each embossing, which are radially movable to the drum center. With such an arrangement deep imprints of very high quality are feasible. Another advantage is that the wear of the tools is very low, the service life of the tools is extended.

In weiter bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, mit einem Prägewerkzeug unterschiedliche Prägestrukturen zu erzeugen. Dazu sind mehrere Prägestempel in einer gekrümmten Fläche neben- und hintereinander angeordnet. Die einzelnen Prägestempel sind Träger jeweils einer einzigen Ausprägung und sind bezüglich der Drucktiefe und/oder der Druckkraft unabhängig von einander steuerbar. Die Gegenmatrize ist entsprechend zu den Prägestempeln ausgebildet.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided to produce different embossing structures with an embossing tool. For this purpose, several stamping dies are arranged next to and behind one another in a curved surface. The individual embossing stamps are each carrier of a single expression and are independent of each other controllable with respect to the printing depth and / or the compressive force. The Gegenmatrize is designed according to the stamping dies.

Mit dieser sehr komfortablen Ausführungsform sind mit einem Werkzeugsatz unterschiedliche Prägungen herstellbar, ohne dass die Prägevorrichtung beim Wechsel des Trommeltyps umgerüstet werden muss. Der Einsatz von gleichen Werkzeugen für unterschiedliche Prägestrukturen bewirkt einen erheblichen Rationalisierungseffekt.With this very convenient embodiment, different embossments can be produced with one tool set, without the embossing device having to be converted when changing the drum type. The use of identical tools for different embossing structures causes a considerable rationalization effect.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sowie dieses Verfahren realisierende Vorrichtungen werden nachstehend anhand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine Waschmaschine,
Fig. 2
eine Prägestruktur,
Fig. 3
einen Verfahrensablauf,
Fig. 4
eine Prägevorrichtung in einer ersten Variante,
Fig. 5
eine Prägevorrichtung, Schnittebene durch die Trommelmitte,
Fig. 6
eine Prägevorrichtung in eine rzweiten Variante, und
Fig. 7
einen Prägestempel, segmentiert.
The method according to the invention as well as devices implementing this method are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. Show it
Fig. 1
a washing machine,
Fig. 2
an embossed structure,
Fig. 3
a procedure,
Fig. 4
an embossing device in a first variant,
Fig. 5
an embossing device, cutting plane through the drum center,
Fig. 6
an embossing device in a rzweiten variant, and
Fig. 7
an embossing stamp, segmented.

In Fig. 1 ist eine Waschmaschine 14 mit einer waagerecht angeordneten Wäschetrommel dargestellt, von der hier der Trommelmantel 1 sichtbar ist. Der Trommelmantel 1 weist in den Bereichen zwischen den Mitnehmern 10 eine Prägestruktur 3 auf (siehe auch Fig. 2). Die Wäschetrommel wird nach einem Verfahren geprägt, bei dem der zylindrisch gebogene Trommelmantel 1 während des Prägevorgangs in einer festen Position gehalten wird. Die Prägung wird in einem oder mehreren Arbeitsschritten gemäß dem Flussdiagramm in Fig. 3 eingebracht.In Fig. 1, a washing machine 14 is shown with a horizontally arranged laundry drum, of which here the drum shell 1 is visible. The drum casing 1 has an embossed structure 3 in the regions between the drivers 10 (see also FIG. 2). The laundry drum is embossed by a process in which the cylindrically curved drum shell 1 is held in a fixed position during the embossing process. The embossing is introduced in one or more work steps according to the flowchart in FIG. 3.

Ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Prägevorrichtung 7 ist in Fig. 4 dargestellt, die für Wäschetrommeln mit drei Mitnehmern 10 ausgelegt ist. Kennzeichnend für diese Vorrichtung 7 sind die zueinander symmetrisch um 120° versetzt angeordneten radial verfahrbaren Prägestempel 4, die von außen senkrecht auf den Trommelmantel 1 einwirken. Die auf die Außenfläche des Trommelmantels 1 zeigende Fläche der Prägestempel 4 ist Träger der Prägestruktur 3. Die Prägestruktur 3 wird in mehreren Arbeitsschritten eingebracht, wobei die Trommel 1 durch Drehen in die einzelnen Arbeitspositionen gebracht wird. Dadurch können unmittelbar aneinander anschließende Prägestrukturflächen auf dem Trommelmantel entstehen. Zur vollständigen Prägung eines Trommelmantels 1 kann die Vorrichtung den Trommelmantel auch in der Tiefe versetzen, nämlich koaxial zur Trommelachse A. Die verschiedenen Arbeitspositionen können abweichend davon auch dadurch eingestellt werden, dass die Haltevorrichtung 2 zusammen mit dem aufgespannten Trommelmantel 1 in der Prägevorrichtung 7 gedreht bzw. axial versetzt wird. Eine analoge Prägevorrichtung 7 für vier Mitnehmer 10 ist in Fig. 5 als Längsschnitt durch die Trommelachse A dargestellt.A first embodiment of an embossing device 7 is shown in Fig. 4, which is designed for laundry drums with three drivers 10. Characteristic of this device 7 are mutually symmetrically offset by 120 ° arranged radially movable die 4, which act from the outside perpendicular to the drum shell 1. The surface of the embossing punch 4 facing the outer surface of the drum shell 1 carries the embossing structure 3. The embossed structure 3 is introduced in several working steps, the drum 1 being brought into the individual working positions by turning. As a result, directly adjacent embossed structural surfaces can be formed on the drum shell. For complete embossing of a drum shell 1, the device can also offset the drum shell in the depth, namely coaxially to the drum axis A. The different working positions may deviate from it be adjusted so that the holding device 2 is rotated together with the clamped drum shell 1 in the embossing device 7 or axially offset. An analog embossing device 7 for four drivers 10 is shown in Fig. 5 as a longitudinal section through the drum axis A.

Der zur Aufnahme des Trommelmantelzylinders 1 vorgesehene Halter ist segmentiert ausgebildet. Die Außenflächen der Haltesegmente 2, die auf die Innenseite des Trommelmantels 1 zeigen, sind die Träger der Gegenmatrize 5 und bilden die Gegenlager zu den von außen angreifenden Prägestempeln 4. Die einzelnen Haltesegmente 2 sind radial nach außen verfahrbar und sind bezüglich ihrer Größe und Form korrespondierend zu den Prägestempeln 4 ausgebildet.The intended for receiving the drum shell cylinder 1 holder is formed segmented. The outer surfaces of the retaining segments 2, which point to the inside of the drum shell 1, are the carriers of the counter-die 5 and form the abutment to the externally acting embossing dies 4. The individual retaining segments 2 are radially outwardly movable and are corresponding in size and shape formed to the stamping dies 4.

Der mit geringem Spiel auf den Trägerkern aufgesteckte Trommelmantelzylinder 1 wird gespannt und in der jeweiligen Prägeposition durch Spreizen der Haltesegmente 2 radial nach außen gegen die Trommelinnenwand 1 sicher arretiert. Das Spreizen der Haltesegmente 2 kann in einfacher Weise über eine Exenterwelle bewirkt werden. Die Exenterwelle und weitere konstruktive Einzelheiten der Prägevorrichtung 7 sind in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt. Zur Entnahme des geprägten Trommelmantelzylinders 1 werden die Haltesegmente 2 radial nach innen bewegt.The plugged with little play on the support core drum shell cylinder 1 is stretched and locked in the respective embossing position by spreading the retaining segments 2 radially outwardly against the inner drum wall 1 safely. The spreading of the retaining segments 2 can be effected in a simple manner via an eccentric shaft. The eccentric shaft and other structural details of the embossing device 7 are not shown in the drawing. To remove the embossed drum shell cylinder 1, the retaining segments 2 are moved radially inward.

Der Trommelmantelzylinder 1 ist an der Nahtstelle verschweißt oder in anderer Weise dauerhaft verbunden. Mit der Vorrichtung 7 können Trommelmantelzylinder 1 ohne und mit eingesetzter Rückwand bearbeitet werden. Damit verbunden ist der Vorteil, den Prägeprozess in der technologischen Fertigungskette der Wäschetrommel flexibel einordnen zu können. Die Druckbeaufschlagung der drei Stempel 4 erfolgt gleichzeitig und unter gleich hohem Druck, so dass die aufgewandten Druckkräfte sich in der Summe gegeneinander aufheben. Die Anforderungen an das Gehäuse der Vorrichtung 7 bezüglich seiner mechanischen Festigkeit können daher auf ein Minimum beschränkt bleiben.The drum shell cylinder 1 is welded at the seam or permanently connected in some other way. With the device 7 drum shell cylinder 1 can be processed without and with inserted rear wall. Associated with this is the advantage of being able to flexibly classify the embossing process in the technological production chain of the laundry drum. The pressurization of the three punches 4 takes place simultaneously and under the same high pressure, so that the applied pressure forces cancel each other out in the sum. The requirements for the housing of the device 7 with respect to its mechanical strength can therefore be kept to a minimum.

Bei der Prägevorrichtung 7 in Fig. 6 sind pro Prägebereich in einem Kreisbogen mehrere zur Trommelachse A ausgerichtete Prägestempel 4 unmittelbar neben einander angeordnet. Die Druckflächen sind dem Trommelradius angepasst. Da jeder Einzelstempel 4 radial verfahrbar ist, eignet sich die Vorrichtung 7 insbesondere zum Einbringen tiefer Prägestrukturen 3 und für das Prägen dickerer Bleche. Je mehr Prägestempel 4 umfänglich angeordnet sind, d.h. je schmaler die tangentiale Breite der Stempel 4 ausgelegt ist, um so besser können erhöhte Qualitätsansprüche realisiert werden und um so geringer ist der Verschleiß der Werkzeuge.In the case of the embossing device 7 in FIG. 6, a plurality of embossing dies 4 aligned with the drum axis A are arranged directly adjacent to one another per embossing area in a circular arc. The pressure surfaces are adapted to the drum radius. Since each individual stamp 4 is radially movable, the device 7 is particularly suitable for introducing deep embossed structures 3 and for embossing thicker sheets. The more embossing dies 4 are arranged circumferentially, ie the narrower the tangential width of the punch 4 is designed to order the better quality demands can be realized and the lower the wear of the tools.

In Fig. 7 ist eine segmentierte Prägeeinheit dargestellt. Die Prägeeinheit besteht aus einem gekrümmten Träger 8 mit einer Vielzahl radial ausgerichteten Führungen 9 zur Aufnahme einzelner, linear verfahrbarer Stempelsegmente 6. Die Stempelsegmente 6 sind Träger jeweils einer einzelnen Prägeform. Der Prägedruck 11 wird durch radiales Verfahren der Stempelsegmente 6 erzeugt, die jeder in Bezug auf die Druckkraft und der Prägetiefe steuerbar sind. Die gesamte Prägestruktur ergibt sich aus der Gesamtheit der Einzelprägungen, die in einem oder mehreren Verfahrensschritten eingebracht werden.In Fig. 7 a segmented embossing unit is shown. The embossing unit consists of a curved support 8 with a plurality of radially aligned guides 9 for receiving individual, linearly movable punch segments 6. The punch segments 6 are carriers each having a single embossing mold. The embossing pressure 11 is generated by radial movement of the punch segments 6, which are each controllable with respect to the pressing force and the embossing depth. The entire embossed structure results from the entirety of the individual embossings, which are introduced in one or more process steps.

Durch die Anwendung der segmentierten Prägeeinheiten ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, bei entsprechend angepasster Gegenmatrize 5, mit nur einem Werkzeug Trommelmäntel 1 verschiedener Strukturen 3 zu prägen.By using the segmented embossing units, it is possible to emboss drum shells 1 of different structures 3 with a correspondingly adapted counter-die 5, with only one tool.

Claims (12)

Verfahren zum Einbringen einer Prägestruktur in einen metallischen Trommelmantel (1), insbesondere in einen Trommelmantel (1) einer Wäschetrommel, wobei der die Prägestruktur (3) im Trommelmantel (1) erzeugende Prägedruck zwischen einem die Prägestruktur (3) aufweisenden Druckbaustein (4) und einem Stützelement (2) ausgeübt wird, das an der Anlagefläche mit einer die Gegenstruktur aufweisenden Matrize (5) versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zylindrisch gebogene Trommelmantel (1) während des Prägevorgangs in einer festen Position gehalten wird.Method for introducing an embossed structure into a metallic drum casing (1), in particular into a drum casing (1) of a laundry drum, the embossing pressure generating the embossed structure (3) in the drum casing (1) between a pressure component (4) and the embossed structure (3) a support element (2) is applied, which is provided on the contact surface with a die having the counter-structure (5), characterized in that the cylindrically curved drum shell (1) is held in a fixed position during the embossing process. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Trommelmantel (1) wie folgt nacheinander bearbeitet wird: - Positionieren, - betriebssicheres Arretieren - Prägen. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum shell (1) is processed one after the other as follows: - Positioning, - reliable locking - Shape. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Prägungen (3) in mehreren Arbeitsschritten in den Trommelmantel (1) eingebracht werden, wobei der Trommelmantel (1) durch Drehen und/oder durch axiales Verschieben nacheinander in die vorgesehenen Prägepositionen gebracht wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the embossments (3) are introduced in several steps in the drum shell (1), wherein the drum shell (1) is brought by rotation and / or by axial displacement successively in the intended embossing positions. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beim Prägen auf den Trommelmantel (1) ausgeübten Druckkräfte (11, 13) sich in der Summe gegenseitig aufheben.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the embossing on the drum shell (1) exerted pressure forces (11, 13) cancel each other out in the sum. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unterschiedliche Prägestrukturen (3) gesteuert erzeugt werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that different embossed structures (3) are generated controlled. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Trommelmantel (1) über Ausnehmungen positioniert wird, die eine für den Trommelmantel (1) typische Funktion aufweisen.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum shell (1) is positioned over recesses which have a typical for the drum shell (1) function. Vorrichtung zum Einbringen einer Prägestruktur in einen metallischen Trommelmantel (1), insbesondere in einen Trommelmantel (1) einer Wäschetrommel, wobei der die Prägestruktur (3) im Trommelmantel (1) erzeugende Prägedruck zwischen einem die Prägestruktur (3) aufweisenden Druckbaustein (4) und einem Stützelement (2) ausübbar ist, das an der Anlagefläche mit einer die Gegenstruktur aufweisenden Matrize (5) versehen ist, und wobei der zylindrisch gebogene Trommelmantel (1) während des Prägevorgangs in einer festen Position haltbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die Prägestruktur (3) erzeugenden, aktiven Bauelemente (2, 4) in der Prägevorrichtung (7) linear radial verfahrbar sind und die zum sicheren Arretieren des Trommelmantels (1) und die beim Prägen übertragenen Druckkräfte (11, 13) radial zur Trommelmitte bzw. entgegen gesetzt gerichtet sind.Device for introducing an embossed structure into a metallic drum casing (1), in particular into a drum casing (1) of a laundry drum, the embossing pressure generating the embossed structure (3) in the drum casing (1) between a pressure component (4) and the embossed structure (3) a support element (2) is exercised, which is provided on the contact surface with a die having the counterstructure (5), and wherein the cylindrically curved drum shell (1) during the stamping process in a fixed position is durable, characterized in that the embossed structure (3) generating, active components (2, 4) in the embossing device (7) are linearly radially movable and set for secure locking of the drum shell (1) and the compression forces transmitted during embossing (11, 13) radially to the drum center or opposite are directed. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aktiven Bauelemente (2, 4) in der Prägevorrichtung (7) rotationssymmetrisch zu einander angeordnet sind.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the active components (2, 4) in the embossing device (7) are arranged rotationally symmetrical to each other. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anlageflächen der aktiven Bauelemente (2, 4) dem Radius des Trommelmantels (1) angepasst sind.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the contact surfaces of the active components (2, 4) are adapted to the radius of the drum shell (1). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anlagefläche jedes von außen auf den Trommelmantel (1) wirkenden Bauelements (4) mit der einzubringenden Prägestruktur (3) belegt und die Anlagefläche des von innen entgegen wirkenden aktiven Bauelements (2) mit der Gegenmatrize (5) versehen ist.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the contact surface of each of the outside of the drum shell (1) acting component (4) occupied by the embossing structure to be introduced (3) and the contact surface of the counter-acting from the inside active component (2) with the counter-die ( 5) is provided. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere radial ausgerichtete Prägestempel (4) unmittel neben einander angeordnet sind.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that a plurality of radially aligned dies (4) are arranged directly next to each other. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den Prägedruck (11) erzeugenden Bauelemente in Führungen (9) eines Trägers (8) für eine Vielzahl von in einer Zylinderfläche neben- und hintereinander angeordneten Stempelsegmenten (6) radial bewegbar geführt und bezüglich der Prägetiefe und/oder der Druckkraft steuerbar sind.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the embossing (11) generating components guided in guides (9) of a carrier (8) for a plurality of in a cylindrical surface next to and behind one another arranged punch segments (6) radially movable and with respect to the embossing depth and or the pressure force can be controlled.
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DE102021200986A1 (en) 2021-02-03 2022-08-04 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Method for producing a jacket wall for a laundry drum with a compensating embossing, jacket wall for a laundry drum, and laundry drum
DE102021200987A1 (en) 2021-02-03 2022-08-04 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Method for producing a laundry drum with a precise positioning of an embossed structure and flood holes relative to one another, and laundry drum
EP4039860A1 (en) 2021-02-03 2022-08-10 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Laundry drum and method for manufacturing a laundry drum with positionally accurate positioning of an embossing structure and flooding holes relative to each other
EP4039863A1 (en) 2021-02-03 2022-08-10 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Method for producing a shell wall for a laundry drum with a compensation arrangement, casing wall for a laundry drum and laundry drum

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ES2647266T3 (en) 2017-12-20
PL1872881T3 (en) 2018-03-30
DE102006029951A1 (en) 2008-01-03
EP1872881B1 (en) 2017-10-25
EP1872881A3 (en) 2008-05-21

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