EP1862593B2 - Système d'exploration de tracé commandé par GPS et continu doté d'un système sensoriel - Google Patents

Système d'exploration de tracé commandé par GPS et continu doté d'un système sensoriel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1862593B2
EP1862593B2 EP07010752.9A EP07010752A EP1862593B2 EP 1862593 B2 EP1862593 B2 EP 1862593B2 EP 07010752 A EP07010752 A EP 07010752A EP 1862593 B2 EP1862593 B2 EP 1862593B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data
track
image acquisition
scanning device
antenna
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EP07010752.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1862593A2 (fr
EP1862593A3 (fr
EP1862593B1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen NIESSEN
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Arkil AS
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Arkil AS
Arkil As
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
    • E01B35/06—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes for measuring irregularities in longitudinal direction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/01—Devices or auxiliary means for setting-out or checking the configuration of new surfacing, e.g. templates, screed or reference line supports; Applications of apparatus for measuring, indicating, or recording the surface configuration of existing surfacing, e.g. profilographs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting the condition of line structures according to the preamble of claim 1, and to an apparatus for carrying out this method according to the preamble of claim 17.
  • a line structure is understood to mean a structure extending substantially in a length, in particular a direction of travel, such as a track, a road, a bridge, a tunnel, a dyke or the like.
  • a trolley which can be moved over a track and on which a laser scanner is mounted, with which the ballast profile of a ballast bed of a track can be scanned in order to locate excess or missing ballast.
  • a cross-sectional profile of the ballast bed is scanned at discrete intervals and compared with a desired cross-sectional profile in order to determine in this way deviations of the actual value from the desired value.
  • the method has the disadvantage that only a superficial inspection of a single, the quality of the track path influencing factor is made and also the evaluation of the data in connection with the integrated displacement sensor is complex and the subsequent assignment of gravel bed error requires a complex subsequent data processing.
  • Out JP 200 506 20 34 A is a measuring method for checking the height and the course of tracks is known in which prisms are attached to the tracks and are scanned by a laser.
  • the method has the disadvantage that although it can reliably inspect individual sections of the route in which it is installed, rapid inspection over long distances is either too time-consuming or too cost-intensive due to the complicated installation of the system on the rails.
  • WO 01/90738 A2 It is known to guide an eddy current probe along a rail and to record the signal of the probe location dependent. To locate a GPS unit is used.
  • the method has the disadvantage that it only detects a single parameter for determining the condition of a rail and, moreover, only damage in the near-surface region of laid rails and points components can be detected.
  • the scanning device comprises at least one sensor device which generates an electromagnetic oscillation by means of an antenna device with an electric dipole, and which transmits the electromagnetic oscillation to the ambient air by means of a waveguide whose cross-sectional area increases transversely to the propagation direction of the electromagnetic oscillation from the dipole to an outlet opening coupled.
  • the invention is based on the finding that, although with conventional radar antennas, imaging of areas of a linear structure such as the substructure of track paths is possible, the radar antenna for this purpose must be brought as close as possible to the surface of the linear structure, such as the track bed and even then the imaging quality for a high-resolution analysis is not sufficient.
  • the small distance between line structure, in particular track bed surface and antenna causes considerable safety risks in collision with any objects in the line structure.
  • the distance between line structure, in particular track bed and antenna can be increased and this on the one hand air coupling can be achieved, whereby greater distances between antenna and ground are possible and thereby the safety of the device even at fast speeds of the Measuring cart be ensured.
  • the special antenna arrangement on the one hand provides a pronounced directional characteristic, so that the electromagnetic oscillation is emitted in one direction with a small opening angle.
  • the antenna device according to the invention may comprise one or more such waveguide antenna devices.
  • the antenna devices may radiate perpendicularly in the direction of the ground or inclined with respect to the vertical to measure in an oblique direction into the ground, for example to measure laterally below a track or to measure the floor areas sideways from the track.
  • the antenna device with waveguide can be arranged at a safe height distance above the track, so that collisions with other track systems, components or foreign bodies can be excluded.
  • the scanning device scans the linear structure with a further sensor devices, wherein the further sensor device preferably operates according to a different measuring method than the antenna device.
  • a multi-sensor device is used in the method according to the invention which comprises at least two, preferably more than two sensor devices, in particular sensor devices which operate with different measuring methods. This makes it possible with high-precision local assignment of the different measurement results to obtain a differentiated representation of the investigated linear structure.
  • a track substructure and ground in the region between rails and preferably also under these rails is scanned with the antenna device.
  • the scanning of this area by means of the antenna allows a safe assessment of the particularly important area between and under the rails when measuring track paths.
  • the antenna device operates in the radar frequency range.
  • the radar frequency range includes frequencies that allow both a differentiated representation of geological layers and have a sufficient depth of penetration in the examined soil area.
  • the inventive method can be further developed by the geographical position is determined by a satellite-based location system.
  • a satellite-based location system As a result, the combination of a radar survey of the underground track tracks with a satellite-based positioning, for example by means of GPS, and thus on the one hand provides an accurate location determination and on the other hand, a fast data evaluation.
  • the data of the satellite positioning system are compared with the data of a route database for location determination and / or with a Doppler radar for speed determination.
  • the accuracy of currently available satellite navigation systems is not sufficient for many track-use condition detection applications to allow for rapid location of detected defects.
  • a route network such as for track tracks, roadways or the like available, with its exact data regarding directions, radii, branches and lengths of individual sections is stored in the route networks of many countries in a route database.
  • certain positions and positional shifts with the track paths of the route data network are compared and takes place on the basis of found congruities or similarities an exact position determination.
  • the accuracy of the navigation can be significantly improved and thus an accuracy of up to one meter can be achieved.
  • Adjustment is to be understood in this context as meaning, on the one hand, that the speed determined by the Doppler radar or the distance calculated therefrom is compared with that of the satellite navigation system, and a deviation factor is determined and this deviation factor is used as the correction value of the data obtained with the satellite navigation system.
  • the Doppler radar data a section of the route or period in which no satellite reception is possible, for example in tunnels, can be bridged. In this case, an extrapolation of the previous, driven direction is made on the basis of Doppler radar data and the current location is calculated.
  • the data determined with the antenna device are compared with reference data of previously known geological layer compositions, which are stored in a reference database, by means of digital data processing and assigned to specific geological layer compositions.
  • the comparison and the assignment by means of digital data processing can take place by comparison of the radar data in certain area sections or volume sections with the data stored in the reference database, taking into account a certain tolerance range, in order to carry out an assignment of the layer composition.
  • the automatic identification of the geological layer structure allows a much faster evaluation of the obtained measurement data and thus a faster detection of possible critical layer structures, layer structure changes or defects in the layer structures.
  • the assignment takes place by visualizing the layer structures from the measured radar data and comparing these layer structures with the layer structures of geological layers previously known from radar data with a previously known layer composition.
  • This visualization allows a user of the device, who need not necessarily be a radar expert, to easily rectify irregularities in known layers or unfavorable layer compositions To recognize ways and immediately recognize changing gradients of layer structures.
  • the layers are displayed in two-dimensional sectional views, in particular transverse and longitudinal sections through or along the track path, on an image output device and the layer compositions are visualized by preferably standardized symbols or surface fillings.
  • the user of the method according to the invention is provided with a representation of the measured data, which enables a fast, traceable evaluation.
  • the surface profile or sections of the surface profile of the track path is scanned by means of a laser scanning device, preferably by means of scanning perpendicular to the movement of the measuring carriage oscillating by the laser beam.
  • the environment and / or the surface of the line structure is detected by means of a digital image capture device.
  • the digital imaging device records the trolley devices or parts of the trolley track, the surface and the trolley area of both railways of the track, and / or the surface of the sleepers and / or a fixed carriageway.
  • This development of the invention improves the disadvantage of known methods in that an inspection method for track paths is provided in which at the same time a comprehensive image acquisition of several relevant examination areas takes place. Damage to the contact wire of the track can thus be detected on the basis of an evaluation of the digital image data.
  • outbreaks, cracks or wear areas in the surface or in the driving edge area of the rail tracks can be detected and displayed. This is preferably done by vertical or slightly oblique recording direction on the surface of the rail tracks by means of two individual digital image capture devices, which are preferably each directed obliquely from the inside to the rail tracks. In this way, in particular the state of wear of the driving edges can be determined and possibly necessary measures to extend the service life of the rail or to remedy severe signs of wear are made.
  • this training on the one hand allows the easier assignment of defects that have been detected by means of a radar or laser examination, to a specific point along the track, as they can be found better on the basis of the simultaneously captured image data.
  • this can allow a better orientation of a user within the investigated environment on the basis of the additional image data or a direct assignment of the image data to the radar data or laser scanning data.
  • this further development of the method also makes it possible, in addition to the radar or laser examination, to perform a differentiated additional investigation of safety-relevant features from the surroundings and / or the surface of the track path.
  • a simultaneous detection of relevant radar or laser data and relevant image data can be carried out with the method according to the invention, which allows a comprehensive assessment of the condition of the track path.
  • the digital image capture device can be done, for example, with a line-scanning video camera.
  • the digital image acquisition can take place by digital individual images recorded at discrete intervals, the spacing of which is preferably selected such that a gap-free mapping of the track path results on the basis of the recorded image sections.
  • a plurality of digital image capture devices are used, in particular digital video or photo cameras, which record mutually offset and / or in different orientations relevant excerpts of the environment and / or the track path.
  • this training is also suitable for the analysis of fixed carriageway routes. These are typically made of concrete and are increasingly used for high-speed railways. For such routes concrete sleepers are used. This material requires a periodic check for cracks, which can be done conveniently by digital imaging of the surface of the components. In this case, a digital image evaluation can preferably take place, which automatically detects and marks the cracks.
  • the digital image acquisition can be further developed by using the digital image capture device, the fasteners of the rails are recorded on the thresholds and preferably automatically checked by digital image analysis for presence and correct location. Fasteners between the rail and the threshold can become loose or be loosened or even removed by vandalism. A review of these fasteners at regular intervals is required and can preferably be done with the method according to the invention. In this case, as described above, it is preferable to detect and display an automatic detection of a possible loosening or lack of these fastening elements by means of digital image evaluation.
  • the method mentioned above or the method developments described above are further developed by examining the wall of a tunnel with the antenna device, the digital image acquisition device and / or the laser scanning device.
  • the management of railways through tunnels has become increasingly important in the course of the route modernization.
  • tunnel superstructure to check elms at regular intervals to detect loose rocks or moisture.
  • After the construction of a tunnel to the Bauabdging often it is advantageous to check these parameters and to determine the rock thickness. This can be carried out with the inventive method in an advantageous manner by using the antenna device, the wall of the tunnel is examined.
  • the antenna device must have at least one antenna which is aligned corresponding to the tunnel wall.
  • the antenna device comprises a plurality of antennas, in particular radar antennas, which preferably measure in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel wall.
  • the method according to the invention can be further developed with regard to all method aspects and further developments according to the invention by analyzing the data measured with the antenna device and / or the digital image acquisition device and / or the laser scanning device by a digital data evaluation and thereby layer boundaries and / or defects by comparison with reference data and / or by comparing the local measured data with a data averaged over a certain environmental area and / or by comparing adjacent data or data areas are identified and marked.
  • a number of different measurement data can thus be determined in particular simultaneously during a single measurement run, for example radar measurement data for inspection of the substructure of the track, image measurement data for inspecting the surface of the track of the track, the contact wire and the surroundings and laser-determined measurement data for checking the position of track and sleepers or the ballast bed.
  • the evaluation of these data often has to be done in a short time and the evaluation time can be significantly reduced if the known manual assessment of the data is omitted and an automatic analysis is performed by comparison with reference data. This can be done either a comparison of local data with averaged data to detect deviations from the average normal state.
  • the method according to the invention can be developed with regard to all aspects and further training by sorting each automatically or manually recognized defect into one of at least two groups and these groups characterizing the measures to be taken for remedying the defect.
  • This allows a quick overview of the entire condition of a line structure and improves the coordination of repair measures considerably.
  • this training is advantageous if the inspection method according to the invention in connection with immediately following repair measures, possibly even directly coupled to the measuring carriage, is used to make a quick decision on the manner of repairing a defect.
  • the sorting into the groups takes place on the basis of the extent or the manner of the detected defect and the measures known from previous repairs measures that are required to remedy such a defect.
  • a measure can also be understood as a preventive processing which is intended to increase the service life of the track route or parts thereof.
  • the measurement data of the radar device, the laser scanning device and / or the image acquisition device are assigned to each other for a measurement range and merged into a database and a measurement data statement is formed, which is composed of at least two of these data sets.
  • the simultaneous detection of measurement data sets by means of different measurement methods which is possible with the method according to the invention, not only enables the time required for the inspection to be shortened, but also allows the measurement data to be subjected to a common consideration and thus to gain further knowledge from the measurement data sets combined in this way. For example, analyzes from one measurement dataset can often be verified using another dataset.
  • the combination of multiple sets of measurements allows full evaluation of defects, for example, by obtaining the surface dimensions of a crack from the image acquisition data and the depth of the crack from the laser scan data or the radar data.
  • Another important further development of the method consists in carrying out at least two measurements at a location or in one area offset from one another, assigning the measurement data from the two temporally staggered measurements by means of digital data processing to geographically coincident positions, preferably comparing them Differences between the measurement data from the two temporally staggered measurements are automatically marked.
  • the data recorded in a current measurement can be compared by exact position determination with the corresponding data of a previous measurement and in this way changes that have occurred between the two measurements can be detected. The thus detected defects or changes can be visualized and highlighted in image representations.
  • a monitoring ie a time-shifted multiple control of the track path, made possible, which allows the observation of a damage progress to determine the right time for repair measures.
  • the results may be subjected to a simple manual follow-up on the screen or in a print-out to decide whether to take action to correct the defect / change or to make a description of the detected defect / change.
  • the data recorded with the device according to the invention can be compared with external data recorded at other times, provided that they also have sufficiently accurate position information.
  • the time-offset measurements at one location may in each case include measurement data from at least two different measurement methods. This allows monitoring with differentiated measurement data for different line structure properties.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for detecting the condition of dike structures, wherein the measuring vehicle travels on the dike crown and the state of the dyke in front of and / or behind the dike crown is detected by means of at least one antenna device mounted on a cantilever arm.
  • a further aspect of the invention is an apparatus for detecting the condition of line structures, in particular track ways, comprising: a scanning device mounted on a measuring vehicle for measuring the track path, a central data storage device for storing the measurement data acquired by the scanning device, and a navigation device for determining the geographical Position of the scanning device along the track path in which the scanning device comprises an antenna device with an electric dipole for generating an electromagnetic vibration and a waveguide for coupling the vibration to the ambient air whose cross-sectional area increases transversely to the propagation direction of the electromagnetic oscillation from the dipole to an outlet opening.
  • the device according to the invention can be developed according to claims 18 to 33. These advanced devices have features that make them particularly suitable for use in carrying out the method according to the invention and its further developments. For the embodiments, specific features, variants and advantages of the features of these devices and device developments, reference is made to the preceding description of the corresponding method features.
  • Another aspect of the invention is the use of a previously described device to detect the condition of dyke structures or the condition of driveways, especially roads. It has surprisingly been found that the device according to the invention are particularly well suited for detecting upcoming damage in the area of dyke structures and driveways in advance, for example by detecting incipient under-rinses.
  • the method according to the invention can be further developed for detecting the condition of dike structures by detecting the state of the dyke in front of and behind the dike crown by means of a outrigger with radar antennas mounted thereon, and in this way both the dyke substance immediately below the dike crown with the aid of the directly in the vicinity of the measuring vehicle installed radar antennas are detected as well as the dyke substance in the area of the foot of the dike by correspondingly radar antennas are arranged on the extension arm in this area.
  • FIG. 1 is mounted on a measuring vehicle 10 extending in the direction of travel Auslegarm 21 with transverse arm 22 attached thereto.
  • an antenna device with a waveguide 30 is fixed, which radiates downward in the vertical direction and between two rail tracks 11,12 on which the measuring carriage 10 rolls, measures.
  • two radar antennas 31,32 are arranged.
  • the left in the direction of travel radar antenna 31 measures on left rail track 11 laterally over
  • the right in the direction of travel radar antenna 32 measures on the right rail track 21 laterally over.
  • the antenna device with waveguide 30 measures up to 4m in soil and substructure below the track strands 11,12 in and thus allows an evaluation of this soil, the substructure and the superstructure, i. the sleepers and the ballast bed of the railway track.
  • the radar antennas 31,32 measure in the typical frequency range up to 4m in the substructure and the soil in, with specially tuned frequency ranges even deeper, and allow an evaluation of superstructure, substructure and soil in this lateral area.
  • the radar measurement can be done at speeds up to 200km / h with a horizontal resolution, the defects from a size of a few meters makes recognizable.
  • a laser scanning device 40 is arranged, which scans the gravel profile and compares with a desired profile to detect in this way excess or missing gravel. Sampling can also be done at speeds up to 200km / h.
  • a plurality of digital line scan cameras 50, 51, 52 which receive the surface of the track path, are arranged between the two wheelsets 13, 14 or 15, 16 of the measuring carriage 10.
  • two digital line scan cameras 50,52 which are directed to the rail head in the area of the driving edge and record this with a resolution of 0.1 x 0.5 mm.
  • Another set of digital line scan cameras 51 is directed at the mid-track track surface and allows a solid track 17 and the sleepers 18 to be inspected for cracks.
  • a camera set 51 is used, which consists of four digital line scan cameras that can detect cracks with a width of 0.1 mm or more.
  • two line scan cameras per rail are arranged, which detect in the direction of travel left and right of this rail, the road surface and threshold surface.
  • a GPS antenna 70 is arranged, which is coupled to a GPS processing device 71.
  • the data of the GPS processing apparatus is matched with the data of a wheel incremental encoder 72, thereby achieving an accuracy of 1m in determining the position of the meter.
  • the measurement data of the radar antennas 30-32, the laser scanning system 40, the digital line scan cameras 50-52 and 60-61 and the position data from the GPS unit 70,71 and the Radinkrementalgeber 72 are fed to a central storage and evaluation computer 90.
  • the processing of the data is based on FIG. 2 described.
  • FIG. 2 are symbolically a radar device 130 with a plurality of radar antennas, a laser scanner 140, a digital image acquisition device 150 for observing the surface of a solid lane and the sleepers, a digital image acquisition device for detecting the catenary wire of the track, a digital image capture device for detecting the environment 161 and an incremental encoder 172 for detecting the number of revolutions and rotational position of a wheel of the measuring truck shown schematically.
  • These measurement data acquisition elements 130, 140, 150, 160, 161 and 172 transmit their measurement data via an input interface to a first data processing station 200 within a central data processing device 190.
  • the first data processing station 200 further receives data from a GPS antenna 170 about the runtime signals to particular satellites. Within the first data processing station 200, the signals received from the GPS antenna are matched with the data of the incremental encoder 172 and the route network data stored in a memory unit 210, thus accurately determining the location of the trolley at 1 m.
  • the data is forwarded to a second data processing station 220.
  • the measurement data of the individual measurement acquisition devices is compared with the reference data stored in a second storage device 230.
  • the reference data stored in the second storage device represent typical measured values, such as gray values or gray value curves for known assignment values, whereby assignment values are, for example, the wear width in the region of the running edge of a rail or certain types of soil or track substructures, for example soiled or new gravel or the like.
  • the processing of the measurement data in the second data processing station 220 therefore makes it possible to associate certain layer properties or surface properties with the acquired measurement data.
  • the properties assigned in this way are assigned to the measurement data in the identified area by means of a visualization parameter and can be displayed in this way by manual data evaluation or by visualization of the measurement data on a screen be highlighted or imaged in an expression.
  • an evaluation of the measured data continues to take place with regard to possible defects.
  • This can be done in various known ways.
  • a single measurement value can be compared with an average value of the measured values in its environment, and if the individual measured value deviates from this mean value by a certain amount, a defect at the location of the individual measured value can be detected.
  • cracks in the measured data of a surface of the fixed roadway can be detected or sub-rinses in the substructure of the track bed can be detected from the radar data.
  • the measurement data thus parameterized are forwarded to a third data processing station 240.
  • the third data processing station 240 based on the parameters of the measured data from a third data memory 250, which contains a catalog of measures, each measure found a measure assigned, which must be taken to maintain the route security and to extend the service life of the route or should.
  • measurement data from different transducers can furthermore be compared with one another in order to obtain a conclusion about the depth of a crack or the orientation of a wear surface, for example based on the surface profile data obtained by laser scanning and the image data of an examination site obtained by digital image acquisition.
  • the data of all transducers for any given examination site can be assigned to one another in order in this way to enable a comprehensive assessment of an examination site.
  • the measurement data from an earlier measurement can be stored and compared with the measurement data of the current measurement. In this way, the track track can be monitored to detect the progress of defects and to determine the timely time for a maintenance or repair action.
  • the measured data are forwarded in a parameterized and prepared way to a screen in order to make a visualization for a user on this screen.
  • the user can fade in on the screen longitudinal or transverse profiles of the examined track and at the same time retrieve and display a surface image and a surface profile of this track at the appropriate location.
  • the geographical position data for the examined site can be retrieved and to better navigate images of the environment of this place can be displayed.
  • the transducers are designed to measure at speeds above 50km / h and a range of transducers can measure at speeds up to 200km / h.
  • the data preparation allows differentiation and identification of defects by digital image analysis and assignment of measurement data from different measurement systems for a study site and therefore allows a user to quickly detect defects or changes in the area of a track.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Claims (35)

  1. Procédé pour détecter l'état de voies ferrées, comportant les étapes suivantes :
    - balayage de la voie ferrée au moyen d'un dispositif de balayage fixé à un véhicule de mesure (10),
    - transfert et mémorisation des données enregistrées par le dispositif de balayage vers ou éventuellement dans une mémoire de données centrale (90), et
    - détermination de la position géographique du dispositif de balayage le long de la voie ferrée,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de balayage comprend au moins un dispositif capteur qui produit au moyen d'un dispositif d'antenne avec un dipôle électrique une oscillation électromagnétique et le dispositif à antenne couple l'oscillation électromagnétique à l'air ambiant au moyen d'un conducteur creux dont la surface en coupe transversale s'agrandit transversalement à la direction d'extension de l'oscillation électromagnétique du dipôle à une ouverture de sortie.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que les données enregistrées avec le dispositif de balayage sont comparées, au moyen d'un traitement de données numérique, à des données de référence (230) de compositions de couches géologiques préalablement connues, qui sont stockées dans une base de données de référence (230) et sont associées à des compositions de couches géologiques déterminées.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de balayage balaie avec un autre dispositif capteur la voie ferrée, dans lequel l'autre dispositif capteur opère de préférence selon un processus de mesure différent de celui du dispositif à antenne.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif à antenne opère avec une plage de fréquences radar.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que, avec le dispositif de balayage, en particulier le dispositif à antenne, on balaie l'infrastructure de la voie et le sol dans la zone comprise entre les rails et de préférence aussi en dessous de ces voies.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que, au cours de l'opération d'enregistrement des données avec le dispositif de balayage, en particulier le dispositif à antenne, on balaie le profil supérieur ou des sections du profil supérieur de la voie ferrée au moyen d'un dispositif de balayage à laser (40), de préférence par balayage oscillant perpendiculairement au déplacement du véhicule de mesure par le rayon laser.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que, au cours du processus d'enregistrement de données avec le dispositif de balayage, en particulier le dispositif à antenne, on enregistre l'environnement et/ou la surface de la voie ferrée au moyen d'un dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images (50-52, 60, 61).
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'au moyen du dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images sont enregistrés :
    - des dispositifs de caténaire ou des parties des dispositifs de caténaire d'une voie ferrée,
    - la surface et la zone des côtés de roulement des deux files de rails de cette voie ferrée, et/ou
    - la surface des traverses (51) de ladite voie ferrée et/ou d'un tracé de voie fixe.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 7 ou 8,
    caractérisé en ce qu'au moyen du dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images (51) sont enregistrés des éléments de fixation de rails sur les traverses d'une voie ferrée et leur présence et position correcte sont contrôlées automatiquement de préférence par une analyse numérique des données.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 4, 6 et/ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la paroi d'un tunnel est examinée au moyen du dispositif radar, du dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images et/ou du dispositif de balayage par laser.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 4 et/ou 7, caractérisé en ce que les données mesurées avec le dispositif radar et/ou le dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images sont analysées par une évaluation numérique des données et, à cette occasion, des interfaces entre des couches et/ou des défauts sont identifiés au moyen d'une comparaison avec des données de référence et/ou d'une comparaison des données mesurées localement avec des données moyennées sur une zone environnante déterminée et/ou d'une comparaison entre des données voisines ou des plages de données voisines, et sont repérées.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que chaque défaut détecté automatiquement ou manuellement est rangé dans un parmi au moins deux groupes (250) et lesdits groupes caractérisent les mesures à prendre pour éliminer le défaut.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 4, 6 et/ou 7, caractérisé en ce que les données de mesure du dispositif radar, du dispositif de balayage par laser et/ou du dispositif d'enregistrement d'images sont associées entre elles pour une plage de mesure et sont acheminées vers une base de données, et une information sur les données de mesure est générée, laquelle est formée par au moins deux de ces enregistrements de données
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux mesures sont effectuées sur un même lieu en étant décalées dans le temps, les données résultant de ces deux mesures effectuées de manière décalée dans le temps sont associées à des positions coïncidant géographiquement au moyen d'un traitement de données numériques, sont comparées entre elles, de préférence les différences entre les données de mesure, résultant des deux mesures effectuées de manière décalée dans le temps, étant marquées automatiquement.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que les mesures décalées dans le temps sur un lieu comprennent dans chaque cas des données de mesure résultant d'au moins deux procédés de mesure différents.
  16. Procédé pour détecter l'état de digues, comportant les caractéristiques selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 15, selon lequel le véhicule de mesure circule sur le couronnement de la digue et l'état de la digue devant et/ou derrière le couronnement de la digue est détecté au moyen d'au moins un dispositif à antenne monté sur une élinde.
  17. Dispositif pour détecter l'état d'ouvrages de lignes ferroviaires, en particulier des voies ferrées, comportant :
    - un dispositif de balayage, fixé à un véhicule de mesure (10), pour mesurer la voie ferrée,
    - une mémoire de données centrale (90) pour stocker les données de mesure enregistrées par le dispositif de balayage, et
    - un dispositif de navigation pour déterminer la position géographique du dispositif de balayage le long de la voie ferrée, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de balayage comprend au moins un dispositif capteur qui produit au moyen d'un dispositif à antenne avec un dipôle électrique une oscillation électromagnétique et le dispositif à antenne couple l'oscillation électromagnétique à l'air ambiant au moyen d'un guide d'ondes dont la surface en coupe transversale s'agrandit transversalement à la direction d'extension de l'oscillation électromagnétique du dipôle à une ouverture de sortie.
  18. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé par une base de données de référence (230) dans laquelle sont stockées des données de référence (230) relatives à des compositions de couches géologiques préalablement connues, et un dispositif numérique de traitement de données pour comparer les données enregistrées avec le dispositif de balayage avec les données de référence et les associer à une composition de couche géologique déterminée.
  19. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 à 18, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de balayage comprend au moins un dispositif de mesure supplémentaire, dont le procédé de mesure est de préférence différent de celui du dispositif à antenne.
  20. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 à 19, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif à antenne est configuré et disposé de manière à balayer l'infrastructure de la voie et le sol dans la zone entre les rails et, de préférence aussi, en dessous desdits rails.
  21. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 à 20, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif à antenne génère une oscillation électromagnétique dans la plage des fréquences du radar.
  22. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 à 21, caractérisé par un système de localisation (70, 71) assisté par satellite pour déterminer la position géographique.
  23. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé par un dispositif de mémoire pour stocker une base de données des lignes de chemin de fer (210) et/ou un dispositif à radar Doppler pour déterminer la vitesse, en vue de l'alignement avec les données du système de localisation par satellite.
  24. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 à 23, caractérisé par un dispositif de balayage par laser (40) pour balayer le profil superficiel ou des tronçons du profil superficiel de la voie ferrée, le dispositif de balayage par laser étant configuré de préférence pour balayer avec un rayon laser oscillant perpendiculairement au déplacement du véhicule de mesure.
  25. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 à 24, caractérisé par un dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images (50 - 52, 60, 61) pour enregistrer l'environnement et/ou la surface de la voie ferrée.
  26. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images (60, 61, 50 - 52) est configuré pour enregistrer :
    - des dispositifs de caténaire ou des parties des dispositifs de caténaire d'une voie ferrée,
    - la surface et le côté de roulement des deux files de rails d'une voie ferrée, et/ou
    - la surface des traverses (51) de ladite voie ferrée et/ou un tracé de voie fixe.
  27. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 à 26, caractérisé par un dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images (51) qui est configuré pour enregistrer les éléments de fixation des rails sur les traverses d'une voie ferrée et par un dispositif d'analyse des données numériques pour contrôler la présence et la position correcte des éléments de fixation.
  28. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17, 24 et/ou 25, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif à antenne, le dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images et/ou le dispositif de balayage par laser sont configurés pour examiner la paroi d'un tunnel.
  29. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 ou 25, caractérisé par un dispositif numérique de traitement des données pour analyser les données mesurées avec le dispositif à antenne et/ou le dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images, et pour identifier et marquer les interfaces entre les couches et/ou des défauts au moyen d'une comparaison avec des données de référence et/ou d'une comparaison des données mesurées localement avec des données moyennées sur une zone environnante déterminée et/ou d'une comparaison entre des données voisines ou des plages de données voisines.
  30. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17, 25 et/ou 25, caractérisé par :
    - un dispositif de mémoire pour stocker un premier enregistrement de données mesurées à un premier instant avec le dispositif à antenne et/ou le dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images et/ou le dispositif de balayage par laser, et
    - un dispositif d'analyse des données numériques pour associer les données du premier enregistrement de données et d'un deuxième enregistrement de données, relatif à des positions géographiques coïncidentes, enregistrées à un deuxième instant avec le dispositif à antenne et/ou le dispositif numérique d'enregistrement d'images et/ou le dispositif de balayage par laser, et pour comparer le premier enregistrement de données avec le deuxième enregistrement de données.
  31. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'analyse des données numériques est configuré pour identifier et marquer les différences dans le premier et le deuxième enregistrement de données.
  32. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 à 31, caractérisé par un dispositif numérique de traitement de données pour ranger chaque défaut détecté automatiquement ou manuellement dans un parmi au moins deux groupes (250) qui caractérisent les mesures à prendre pour éliminer le défaut.
  33. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 à 32, caractérisé par une mémoire de données centrale, dans laquelle sont réunies les données de mesure du dispositif radar, du dispositif de balayage par laser et/ou du dispositif d'enregistrement d'images pour une plage de mesure, un dispositif de traitement des données numériques pour générer une information sur les données de mesure, laquelle est formée par au moins deux de ces enregistrements de données.
  34. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 à 33 pour détecter l'état des digues.
  35. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 17 à 33 pour détecter l'état des voies de circulation, en particulier les routes.
EP07010752.9A 2006-06-01 2007-05-31 Système d'exploration de tracé commandé par GPS et continu doté d'un système sensoriel Not-in-force EP1862593B2 (fr)

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EP1862593A2 (fr) 2007-12-05
DE102006026048A1 (de) 2007-12-20
EP1862593A3 (fr) 2008-06-04
EP1862593B1 (fr) 2011-10-19

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