EP1859925A1 - Device for compressing compressible bulk material - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for compacting compressible bulk material (1) has at least one container (2) for receiving the bulk material (1). The container and/or at least one associated flexibly mounted pressure mechanism gripping down into the container (2) from above and displaceable into forced oscillations (204) by a drive (203).

Description

The invention relates to a device for compressing compressible bulk material, in particular waste, with at least one container for receiving the bulk material.

In many cases it is desirable to densify bulk materials to reduce the bulk volume and in this way e.g. to ensure a more profitable transport. This applies, for example, to garbage, such as household waste, plastic, metal, wood, paper and cardboard waste or other types of waste. At present, such wastes are usually crushed by means of chopping devices and / or compressed by means of pressing, in particular when this happens in non-enclosed spaces, care should be taken that the shredded products are not discharged into the environment.

For compacting bulk material in the form of refuse, rollers are known, for example, which are arranged on a carrying device and can be lowered into a container for receiving the waste ( DE 34 06 879 A1 . DE 39 03 642 A1 ). In this case, the roller by means of the support means over the cross section process the container, wherein the garbage therein herein is compressed solely due to the weight of the roller and optionally with the application of an additional pressing force on the roller. A disadvantage is the one hand, that such rollers are relatively expensive due to their considerable mass and require a corresponding dimensioning of the storage and the support device. Furthermore, a problem arises in particular when the container for receiving the refuse is not stationarily arranged on the ground, but rather is carried, for example, by a vehicle such as a railroad car or in particular a truck. In this case, there is a risk of overloading, because to the already considerable weight of - for example, already partially compressed - the weight of the roller and possibly also the additional force exerted on the roller pressing force added. A compression of bulk material in a truck is thus virtually impossible.

Of the DE 82 28 963 U1 is another device for compressing bulk material - here packaged - to take, the pressing member is in turn formed by a roller which is mounted on a container for receiving the bulk material cross-holding device to them on the one hand over the cross section of the container under compression of the To move bulk material and on the other hand hineinkheben in the container or to lift out of this. With regard to the disadvantages, the above applies in connection with the press rolls according to the DE 34 06 879 A1 and DE 39 03 642 A1 said.

The DE 42 37 143 A1 describes a compacting device of refuse, which is detachably coupled to a refuse container. The compacting device comprises a pivotally mounted pressure plate whose cross-section approximately to the free opening cross-section corresponds to the refuse container and that cross section of the refuse container, which serves as the abutment compacted by the pressing plate waste. The disadvantage is on the one hand that the compacting device and the refuse container must have coordinated shapes and thus a configured in a certain way compacting device can not be used for different containers. On the other hand, requires the pivoting of the press plate under compression of the waste contained in the container a considerable effort, since virtually all, located in the container refuse are first pushed away from the bearing of the pivotable press plate facing away - rear - side of the container to the front side must be to finally compressed between the front side of the container and the press plate.

The DE 36 37 769 A1 . DE 39 26 866 A1 and DE 93 14 726 U1 Devices are removable, which comprise a dimensionally stable container with a container associated vertically, manually or by means of a press - vertically displaceable press ram whose cross section substantially corresponds to the free cross section of the container. The ram is mounted vertically displaceable either on a container lid or on a support structure, below which the container is arranged. Compared with a pressing member designed in the form of a roller, such a press ram has the advantage that it is not only lighter and more cost-effective, but also due to the fact that it is capable of dynamic compression strokes, a compression of the bulk material which is more effective than static pressing by means of rollers guaranteed. With regard to the disadvantages of such devices, however, essentially the same applies to the above DE 42 37 143 A1 said.

Finally, also describes the DE 40 13 107 A1 Such a device, wherein the operation of the press ram is effected by means of a scissor lever mechanism, which is driven by piston / cylinder units. According to one embodiment it can be provided that the press ram is mounted on a support structure spanning a plurality of containers, wherein the ram is guided on the support structure linearly displaceable in order to move the ram in a fixed position in a desired container and the compacted garbage here.

The invention has the object of developing a device of the type mentioned in that while avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages in a simple and cost effective manner effective compression of compressible bulk material using a largely arbitrarily configured container is possible.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned above in that the container and / or at least one associated with this, engaging from above into the container pressing member and elastically displaceable by means of a drive is in Zwangsschwingungen / are.

The invention enables a highly effective compression of compressible bulk materials, such as garbage by the container and / or the at least one assigned thereto, engaging from above into the container pressing member elastic, for example by means of springs, stored and offset by means of the associated drive in forced oscillations / are, so that the compression of the bulk material either solely due to vibration of the container and / or by Vibration of the pressing member can be assisted, the latter, as explained in more detail below, can optionally also perform compression strokes, whose effectiveness is increased by the vibration of the pressing member. While it may be useful in many cases, if the forced oscillations generated have at least one vertical direction component or are directed entirely vertically, they do not necessarily vertically, but can depending on the bulk material to be compacted alternatively or additionally in one or more horizontal spatial directions or made obliquely up / down. The forced vibrations are able in particular to effect a faster uniform distribution of the bulk material in the container, which additionally supports the compression of the bulk material while taking up the smallest possible volume. The container may have virtually any size and shape and, for example, in the form of a stationary or already on railroad cars or trucks arranged container with solid floors or pusher trays, a fixed mounted on trucks or trailers container or at least partially elastically mounted and by means of a drive in forced oscillations displaceable conveyor belt, etc. be configured. An existing in particular in the case of the use of press rolls danger of overloading the container - for example, if this is located on a truck - is reliably avoided in any case. With "forced oscillations" vibrations are addressed in this context, which not only result from optionally provided compression strokes of a pressing member, but - optionally in addition to this - caused by the drive of the resilient mounting of the container and / or - optionally provided - pressing member.

If springs are provided for such an elastic bearing of the container and / or the pressing member, so can this practically configured arbitrarily and be formed for example by coil springs, fluid springs or the like.

The drive of the elastic mounting of the container and / or the pressing member, which is designed to put the container or the pressing member in forced oscillations, can basically in any known manner using known means which are suitable for this purpose, designed be and eg include pneumatically and / or hydraulically operated piston / cylinder units.

According to a preferred embodiment, however, it can be provided that the drive has at least one imbalance drive, wherein the drive can in particular have at least one pair of imbalance drives. A decisive advantage of such an embodiment is that when using an imbalance drive and in particular a pair of unbalanced drives at least one of the parameters from the group amplitude, frequency and direction of forced oscillations of the container and / or the pressing member by controlling at least one of the parameters speed, direction of rotation and unbalance of at least one, in particular both, unbalance drives can be controlled in a simple manner, which is why with advantage the speed and / or the direction of rotation and / or the imbalance of at least one, in particular both, unbalance drives can be controlled.

By way of example only, a few possible control options will be briefly discussed below. Thus, an imbalance drive in the form of, for example, an eccentrically mounted or an inhomogeneous mass distribution roller having a forced oscillation of the respective component in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the roller plane. Such allows already a single imbalance drive through corresponding arrangement of the respective component to be displaced in constraints a determination of the desired vibration level. In the case of a pair of - for example identical - unbalance drives they can, for example, be rotated in opposite directions, whereby - depending on the phase relationship of the unbalance of both drives - a forced oscillation in only one direction in this oscillation plane (eg in x-direction) or in several directions in this Vibration level (eg and x and y direction) can be obtained in arbitrary proportions. If, for example, the imbalances of both rollers of the drives are aligned in the desired direction of oscillation and the rollers are then rotated in opposite directions at the same rotational speed, the result is only a linear forced oscillation, since the imbalances of both rollers in the opposite rotation in x- (or in y- Direction), but add up in y- (or in x-direction). In contrast, for example, only the unbalance of one of the two rollers aligned in the desired direction of vibration and the other roller with a certain phase shift in contrast, after which the rollers are rotated in opposite directions at the same speed, there is a forced oscillation in the entire plane perpendicular to the parallel axes of rotation of the rollers, wherein the degree of the vibration component in the respective x- or y-direction of the plane depends on the extent of the adjusted phase shift of the two rollers. The same applies to an operation of counter-rotating rollers with different speeds. Finally, a corresponding adjustment of the mass or imbalance of a roller of a respective imbalance drive ensures easy control of the oscillation amplitude, while a corresponding adjustment of their speed ensures control of the oscillation frequency. Consequently, by appropriate arrangement of an imbalance drive relative to the hereby enforced in Zwangsschwingungen component and by appropriate control of the same vibration direction, frequency and amplitude in a simple manner to the particular desired level.

According to a particularly simple embodiment it can be provided that only the container is elastically mounted and displaceable by means of the drive in forced oscillations, so that the compression of the bulk material takes place exclusively by the external vibration excitation of the container, which ensures a better distribution and compression of the bulk material. In this case, the container can in particular be arranged in the region of the desired filling height, from above into the same engaging pressing member, e.g. in the form of a rigid plate, a punch or the like, which is suitable for exerting an additional static force on the vibrated bulk material in the container from above. In such an embodiment, therefore, only the container is elastically mounted and offset by means of the drive in forced oscillations, wherein the container in particular a can be arranged in the region of the desired level, from above in the same engaging pressing member is assigned to exert on the bulk material from above a static additional force ,

According to another embodiment, it may be provided that only the pressing member engaging from above into the container is elastically mounted and can be displaced by means of the drive in forced oscillations, wherein the container is arranged substantially vibration-free. The compaction of the bulk material is thus done exclusively by the vibration due to vibrational excitation of one or more engaging from above into the container pressing members, for example in the form of punches, with only the engaging from above into the container pressing member elastically mounted and by means of the drive placed in forced oscillations and the container is arranged substantially free of vibration.

Of course, according to another embodiment may also be provided that both the engaging from above into the container pressing member and the container are elastically supported and by means of the respective drive in forced oscillations, so that the compression of the bulk material by vibrational excitation of both the container and the Pressing organ takes place. In such an embodiment, thus both the pressing member engaging from above into the container and the container are elastically mounted and forced into forced oscillations by means of the respective drive.

If an engaging from above into the container pressing member for compressing the bulk material is provided (be it in combination with a displaceable in Zwangsschwingungen container and / or be placed even in forced oscillations), so provides a preferred embodiment of the invention that the pressing member for Implementation of compression strokes in at least one direction of movement with a vertical direction component under engagement in the container back and forth is displaced. The pressing member is in this case so not only statically but dynamically displaced back and forth under compression strokes in a direction which comprises at least one vertical component in order to compact the bulk material in conjunction with the vibration excitation of the same effectively and quickly to a small volume , If the pressing member itself - as an alternative or in addition to the container - displaced into forced oscillations, so it is usually appropriate if these forced vibrations have a relation to the compression strokes higher - preferably significantly higher - frequency, so that the bulk material to be compressed on the occasion of the compression strokes is additionally compressed and distributed, which results in a particularly effective and time-saving compression to a minimum volume.

It is particularly advantageous if the maximum cross section of the pressing member is at most 50% of the free cross section of the container, in particular at most 40% of the free cross section of the container, preferably at most 30% and most preferably at most 20% of the free cross section of the container It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the maximum cross section of the pressing member at most 10%, in particular between about 1% and about 10%, eg between about 3% and about 7% of the free cross section of the container. In this way, a highly effective compression of compressible bulk material, such as waste, can be achieved, wherein the pressing member and the container, of which at least one / is set in Zwangsschwingungen must have no matching shapes. In particular, in this way for shifting back and forth of the pressing member on the occasion of the compression strokes thereof under compression of the bulk material in the container due to the relative to the free cross section of the container relatively small cross-section of the pressing member requires a relatively small force, so that an overload of the container , eg if this e.g. is arranged on a truck, is avoided and the - optionally displaceable in Zwangsschwingungen - storage or the support structure of the pressing member can be dimensioned accordingly. The vibration of the container and / or the pressing member thereby supports the most uniform possible distribution of the bulk material in the container.

In such an embodiment, it has also proved to be very advantageous if the pressing member and the container in a substantially horizontally disposed x, y plane in at least one spatial direction, preferably both in the x direction and in the y direction, are displaceable relative to one another. Such a displacement of the pressing member in a substantially horizontally disposed plane in x- and - depending on the geometry of the container and the pressing member - preferably in the y-direction, ie at a virtually arbitrary point on this level within the free cross section of the container guaranteed a complete, vibration-assisted compression of the bulk material in the container at any location, by the example formed in the form of a punch pressing member is displaced or under multiple compression strokes over the entire cross-section of the container. It has been shown, in particular, that applying a total of smaller, only locally on the container located in the container and offset by forced oscillations of the container and / or the pressing member in vibration bulk material acting compressive forces of the pressing member a much higher compression is possible than in the prior art using press plates or punches is the case, whose cross section correspond approximately to the free cross section of the container and also must be pressed into the container with a higher force. The same applies in particular in comparison with a purely static compression by means of rollers. It can be achieved in this way a maximum possible transport weight of the bulk material or optimally use an available transport or storage volume, which has been shown that within a very short time a compression of, for example, paper waste by a factor of five or more (based on the initial volume) is easily possible. For substitute fuels (ie waste mainly from commerce, bulky waste or sorting plants for recyclable waste with fractions of plastics, paper and textiles) It was found that in a very short time, a compression by a factor of three or more (based on the initial volume) is easily possible. This means that a currently used for such purposes container with a capacity of about 90 m ³ can be filled very quickly with about 20 t of substitute fuel, while previously a filling of only about 7 t was possible. By "displacement in a substantially horizontally disposed x, y plane both in the x-direction and in the y-direction relative to each other" in the context of the invention is meant, moreover, that the relative displacement of container and pressing member not necessarily in two perpendicular to each other arranged directions x and y of a Cartesian coordinate system must be made, but rather in any way in the plane spanned by the coordinate system, substantially horizontal x, y plane can equip, for example along curved paths, as explained in more detail below is.

The pressing member and the container may be movable relative to one another, for example substantially linearly, in the x and / or y direction, and / or they may, for example, also be rotatable relative to one another about at least one substantially vertical axis. If the pressing member and the container, for example, substantially linearly displaced or moved in the x and / or y direction relative to each other or they are rotated by at least one substantially vertical axis relative to each other, it may be appropriate in any case when the pressing member and the container displace relative to each other, that the pressing member is moved at least once or preferably several times in each cross-sectional area of the container in order to perform there at least one compression stroke. Thus, for example, be provided that the individual compression strokes of the pressing member set at a distance from each other which is smaller than the cross section of the pressing member in approximately horizontal displacement direction thereof in the x, y plane, so that in a compression stroke again a part of the area which has been compressed by the previous compression stroke, is recompressed. In principle, there are no limits to the sequence of the compression strokes on different regions of the container; They are primarily based on the type of bulk material to be compressed and on the desired degree of compaction.

The relative displacement of the pressing member with respect to the container can basically be done in virtually any way. Thus, for example, be provided that the pressing member and / or the container is substantially linear in x and / or in the y-direction movable /, where it may be appropriate, although not necessary, when the x, y Plane of the relative movement between the pressing member and the container spanning coordinates x and y are arranged approximately at right angles to each other, so that the pressing member and the container in two mutually perpendicular, substantially horizontal spatial directions are movable relative to each other. It can be provided either that in at least one direction of movement with vertical direction component back and forth movable pressing member for compressing the bulk material in the substantially horizontal x, y plane in both the x-direction and in the y-direction movable and the container at least during the compression of the bulk material - is arranged substantially stationary. This can be done for example by means arranged on a support structure guides on which the pressing member is guided displaceably in the x and y directions. Conversely, of course, the pressing member stored substantially stationary and the container in the substantially horizontal x, y plane both in the x direction as well as be moved in the y-direction, which can be done for example by means of a movable in the x- and y-direction platform, which carries the container - whether in the form of a container, a truck or the like. Moreover, it is conceivable that the container is displaceable only in the x-direction (or only in the y-direction), while the pressing member is displaceable only in the y-direction (or only in the x-direction). In any case, the pressing member and / or the container - preferably substantially linearly - be moved in the x and / or in the y direction. Moreover, it is also possible that the pressing member and / or the container about at least one substantially vertical axis rotatable and / or substantially linear in the x and / or y-direction is movable / are, so that the relative displacement between the pressing member and the container in the x, y plane, for example, composed of a rotational movement and a - preferably linear - translational movement. In this case, it can be provided that the axis, in particular substantially linearly, is arranged to be movable, so that the pressing member (or the container) on the one hand can rotate about the substantially vertical axis and on the other hand can translate this axis, which is For example, by a arranged on a guide axis of rotation can be done while the container (or the pressing member) is stationary at least during the compaction of the bulk material. Alternatively, it may be provided in such a case that the axis is arranged stationary, so that, for example, the pressing member (or the container) rotated about the stationary axis and the container (or the pressing member) can be moved translationally, wherein the relative movement of the pressing member with respect to the container in the x, y plane, therefore, in turn composed of a movement of both the pressing member and the container, one of these movements is translational and the other of these movements is rotational. In addition, it is in the case of a stationary Rotary axis of the container or of the pressing member possible that the pressing member and / or the container, preferably substantially linearly disposed in the radial direction of the axis is / are, which may be ensured for example by means of a radially extending from the axis of rotation guide to which is guided by the pressing member or the container. The superimposition of a rotary movement with a translational movement may in principle be advantageous, in particular in the case of a container with an approximately round or oval cross-section, but of course it is also conceivable in the case of a container with an angular cross-sectional profile.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the pressing member is pivotally mounted in at least one spatial direction, so that in particular it is not only able to perform a substantially vertical compression stroke, but it pivoted in the back and forth displacement in the container or out of this can be to the bulk material by inclined with respect to the vertical compression strokes, eg in the direction of the lateral walls of the container, to compress.

If a pressing member is provided, this may in particular be formed by a ram, which need not necessarily be flat, but depending on the application, for example, can also be equipped with a profiled or contoured pressing surface. Similarly, polygonal, round, oval, convex or concave press members can be used, which can be made depending on the application of a hard, dimensionally stable or soft, eg elastic or conforming to the surface of the bulk material material.

If such a pressing member for performing compression strokes by shifting back and forth in the container into or out of this formed, then a load cycle of a compression stroke of the pressing member, depending on the application preferably for a period of about 1 s to about 30 s, in particular of about 1 s to about 10 s, be adjustable.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the container is associated with a supply device for applying bulk material in the container to fill the container at the same time or between the compression of already in the container bulk material with (further) bulk material. The feeder can be e.g. be formed by belt conveyors, screw conveyors, bucket elevators, fluidic, such as hydraulic or pneumatic conveyors, material slides or the like and operate continuously, semicontinuously or discontinuously.

In such a case, a delivery point of the feeder over which the bulk material into the container can be transferred, preferably relative to the container and / or - as far as provided - be displaced relative to the pressing member, so that it is possible, the discharge point of the bulk material in the Relocate container relative to the container and / or relative to the pressing member. As desired, the bulk material can thus be abandoned over the entire or at least part of the cross section of the container and, for example, be placed in a position spaced from the current position of the pressing member position in the container, so that the container filled at one point and the already placed in the container bulk material can be compacted at another location by means of the pressing member. On the other hand, several containers can on the one hand filled and on the other hand compacted. In both cases results in an extremely fast and thus economical filling / compaction of the bulk material with simultaneous vibration excitation of the same.

In order to displace the feed device relative to the container and / or relative to the pressing member, its discharge point for the bulk material may in turn be arranged in at least one horizontal direction - e.g. be substantially linear - movable and / or be rotatable about a substantially vertical axis.

According to a further advantageous embodiment can be provided that the container and / or the feeder is associated with a weighing device in order to avoid overloading of the container or a vehicle carrying this. The bulk material placed in the container can be weighed in this way before, during or after transfer into the container, in particular substantially continuously, the weighing device preferably cooperating with a control of the feeding device such that upon reaching a programmable maximum weight any further supply is prevented by bulk material in the container.

Moreover, it may be expedient if the device according to the invention has at least one sensor which is used for scanning the relative position of the container and / or optionally the feeding device with respect to the pressing member and / or with respect to a carrier or a support structure of the pressing member and / or for scanning the filling level of the bulk material is formed at the respective position. To collisions between different components when moving the pressing member and the container relative to each other and / or when replacing a (eg filled and compacted) To avoid container against a (eg empty and / or not yet compressed) container, the relative position of the container with respect to the pressing member and / or with respect to a carrier of the pressing member can be sensory detected in this way. Furthermore, the pressing member in this way can be specifically displaced to such an area of the container relative to this, at which the type or the filling level of the bulk material requires an (additional) compression and / or displacement to adjacent areas.

• Behältergröße;
• maximale Kompressionskraft des Preßorgans;
• Geschwindigkeit der Relativverlagerung von Preßorgan und Behälter; sowie
• maximale Füllmenge des Schüttgutes;
  und/oder in Abhängigkeit wenigstens eines sensorisch erfaßten Parameters aus der Gruppe
• Füllhöhe des Schüttgutes in wenigstens einem Bereich des Behälters, insbesondere im Bereich des Preßorgans; sowie
• Massenstrom des dem Behälter zugeführten Schüttgutes wenigstens ein Parameter aus der Gruppe
• Schwingungsrichtung der zu erzeugenden Zwangsschwingungen des Behälters und/oder des Preßorgans;
• Schwingungsamplitude der zu erzeugenden Zwangsschwingungen des Behälters und/oder des Preßorgans;
• Schwingungsfrequenz der zu erzeugenden Zwangsschwingungen des Behälters und/oder des Preßorgans;
• Relativverlagerung des Preßorgans bezüglich des Behälters;
• Relativverlagerung der Abgabestelle der Zuführeinrichtung bezüglich des Behälters; sowie
• Vorschubweg und/oder Vorschubkraft des Preßorgans anläßlich des Verdichtungshubs
  steuerbar ist. Auf diese Weise lassen sich die Stärke und Richtung der Schwingungsanregung des Behälters und/oder des Preßorgans sowie gegebenenfalls die Relativverlagerungen zwischen dem Behälter und dem Preßorgan sowie der Zuführeinrichtung, die Verdichtungshübe des Preßorgans etc. unter Eingabe weiterer gewünschter Parameter unter Verwendung einer insbesondere programmierbaren Steuerung durchführen.

The device according to the invention is, moreover, advantageously equipped with a particularly programmable controller, wherein the controller may preferably be designed such that, as a function of at least one programmable parameter from the group

• Container size;
• maximum compression force of the pressing member;
• Speed of relative displacement of pressing member and container; such as
• maximum filling quantity of the bulk material;
  and / or as a function of at least one sensory parameter from the group
• Filling level of the bulk material in at least one region of the container, in particular in the region of the pressing member; such as
• Mass flow of the bulk material supplied to the container at least one parameter from the group
• Vibration direction of the forced vibrations to be generated of the container and / or the pressing member;
• Oscillation amplitude of the forced oscillations of the container and / or the pressing member to be generated;
• Vibration frequency of the forced vibrations to be generated of the container and / or the pressing member;
• Relative displacement of the pressing member with respect to the container;
• Relative displacement of the delivery point of the feeder with respect to the container; such as
• Feed path and / or feed force of the pressing member on the occasion of the compression stroke
  is controllable. In this way, the strength and direction of the vibration excitation of the container and / or the pressing member and optionally the relative displacements between the container and the pressing member and the feeder, the compression strokes of the pressing member, etc., by entering further desired parameters using a particular programmable control ,

Fig. 1A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Schüttgut mit einem mittels eines Antriebs in im wesentlichen vertikal gerichtete Zwangsschwingungen versetzbaren Behälter;

Fig. 1B

eine geschnitten dargestellte Frontansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1A;

Fig. 1C

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1A und 1B von oben;

Fig. 2A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer ähnlichen Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Schüttgut mit einem mittels eines Antriebs in im wesentlichen horizontal in Querrichtung des Behälters gerichtete Zwangsschwingungen versetzbaren Behälter;

Fig. 2B

eine geschnitten dargestellte Frontansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2A;

Fig. 2C

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2A und 2B von oben;

Fig. 3A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer ähnlichen Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Schüttgut mit einem mittels eines Antriebs in im wesentlichen horizontal in Längsrichtung des Behälters gerichtete Zwangsschwingungen versetzbaren Behälter;

Fig. 3B

eine geschnitten dargestellte Frontansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 3A;

Fig. 3C

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 3A und 3B von oben;

Fig. 4A

eine der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1A bis 1C entsprechende Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Schüttgut, welche ferner mit einem von oben in den Behälter eingreifenden Preßorgan ausgestattet ist, welches zur Durchführung von dynamischen Verdichtungshüben auf das Schüttgut von oben ausgebildet ist;

Fig. 4B

eine geschnitten dargestellte Frontansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 4A;

Fig. 4C

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 4A und 4B von oben;

Fig. 5A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 4A bis 4C ähnlichen Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Schüttgut mit einem im wesentlichen runden Behälter;

Fig. 5B

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 5A von oben;

Fig. 6A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Schüttgut mit einem stationären Behälter und einem zur Durchführung von dynamischen Verdichtungshüben ausgebildeten Preßorgan, welches in einer horizontalen Ebene sowohl in x- als auch in y-Richtung verlagerbar und mittels eines Antriebs in Zwangsschwingungen versetzbar ist;

Fig. 6B

eine geschnitten dargestellte Frontansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 6A;

Fig. 6C

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 6A und 6B von oben;

Fig. 7A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 6A bis 6C ähnlichen Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Schüttgut mit einem im wesentlichen runden Behälter;

Fig. 7B

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 6A von oben;

Fig. 8A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer Weiterbildung der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1A bis 1C mit einer dem in Zwangsschwingungen versetzbaren Behälter zugeordneten, in einer horizontalen Ebene sowohl in x- als auch in y-Richtung verlagerbaren Zuführeinrichtung zum Aufgeben von Schüttgut in den Behälter;

Fig. 8B

eine geschnitten dargestellte Frontansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 8A;

Fig. 8C

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 8A und 8B von oben;

Fig. 9A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer Weiterbildung der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 4A bis 4C mit einer dem in Zwangsschwingungen versetzbaren Behälter und dem zur Durchführung von Verdichtungshüben ausgebildeten Preßorgan zugeordneten, in einer horizontalen Ebene sowohl in x- als auch in y-Richtung verlagerbaren Zuführeinrichtung zum Aufgeben von Schüttgut in den Behälter;

Fig. 9B

eine geschnitten dargestellte Frontansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 9A;

Fig. 9C

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 9A und 9B von oben;

Fig. 10A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer Weiterbildung der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 6A bis 6C mit einer dem statischen Behälter und dem in Zwangsschwingungen versetzbaren, zur Durchführung von Verdichtungshüben ausgebildeten Preßorgan zugeordneten, in einer horizontalen Ebene sowohl in x- als auch in y-Richtung verlagerbaren Zuführeinrichtung zum Aufgeben von Schüttgut in den Behälter;

Fig. 10B

eine geschnitten dargestellte Frontansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 10A;

Fig. 10C

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 10A und 10B von oben;

Fig. 11A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer Weiterbildung der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 7A und 7B mit einer dem statischen Behälter und dem in Zwangsschwingungen versetzbaren, zur Durchführung von Verdichtungshüben ausgebildeten Preßorgan zugeordneten, in einer horizontalen Ebene sowohl in x- als auch in y-Richtung verlagerbaren Zuführeinrichtung zum Aufgeben von Schüttgut in den Behälter;

Fig. 11B

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 11A von oben;

Fig. 12A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer dritten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Schüttgut mit einem in Zwangsschwingungen versetzbaren Behälter und einem schwenkbar gelagerten Preßorgan, welches zur Durchführung von dynamischen Verdichtungshüben ausgebildet und entlang dem Behälter verlagerbar ist;

Fig. 12B

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 12A von oben;

Fig. 13A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer vierten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Schüttgut mit einem in einer horizontalen Ebene sowohl in x- als auch in y-Richtung verlagerbaren Behälter und einem in Zwangsschwingungen versetzbaren, stationär angeordneten Preßorgan, welches mittels eines Antriebs in Zwangsschwingungen versetzbar ist;

Fig. 13B

eine geschnitten dargestellte Frontansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 13A;

Fig. 13C

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 13A und 13B von oben;

Fig. 14A

eine geschnitten dargestellte Seitenansicht einer fünften Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Schüttgut mit einem um eine vertikale Achse drehbaren Behälter und einem in Zwangsschwingungen versetzbaren, linear verfahrbaren Preßorgan, welches mittels eines Antriebs in Zwangsschwingungen versetzbar ist;

Fig. 14B

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 14A von oben;

Fig. 15

eine Seitenansicht einer Betätigungseinrichtung eines in Zwangsschwingungen versetzbaren und zur Durchführung von Verdichtungshüben in Vertikalrichtung ausgebildeten Preßstempels mit einem Paar von Kolben-/Zylindereinheiten;

Fig. 16

eine Seitenansicht einer Betätigungseinrichtung des Preßstempels in Vertikalrichtung mit zwei Paaren von Kolben-/Zylindereinheiten;

Fig. 17

eine Seitenansicht einer Betätigungseinrichtung des Preßstempels in Vertikalrichtung mit einem Scherenhebelgetriebe;

Fig. 18

eine Seitenansicht einer Betätigungseinrichtung des Preßstempels in Vertikalrichtung mit einer Gewindespindel;

Fig. 19

eine Seitenansicht einer Betätigungseinrichtung des Preßstempels in Vertikalrichtung mit einem Paar von Gewindespindeln; und

Fig. 20

eine Seitenansicht einer Betätigungseinrichtung des Preßstempels in Vertikalrichtung mit einem Linearantrieb;

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. Showing:

Fig. 1A

a sectional side view of a first embodiment of an inventive device for compressing bulk material with a means of a drive in substantially vertically directed forced oscillations displaceable container;

Fig. 1B

a sectional front view of the device shown in FIG. 1A;

Fig. 1C

a top view of the device according to Figures 1A and 1B from above.

Fig. 2A

a sectional side view of a similar embodiment of an inventive device for compressing bulk material with a means of a drive in substantially horizontally directed in the transverse direction of the container forced vibrations displaceable container;

Fig. 2B

a sectional front view of the device shown in FIG. 2A;

Fig. 2C

a plan view of the device according to Figures 2A and 2B from above.

Fig. 3A

a sectional side view of a similar embodiment of an inventive device for compressing bulk material with a by means of a drive in substantially horizontally directed in the longitudinal direction of the container forced oscillations container;

Fig. 3B

a sectional front view of the device shown in FIG. 3A;

Fig. 3C

a top view of the device according to Figures 3A and 3B from above.

Fig. 4A

an embodiment of the invention according to FIGS 1A to 1C corresponding embodiment of an inventive device for compressing bulk material, which is further equipped with an engaging from above into the container pressing member, which is designed to carry out dynamic compression strokes on the bulk material from above;

Fig. 4B

a sectional front view of the device shown in FIG. 4A;

Fig. 4C

a plan view of the device of FIG. 4A and 4B from above;

Fig. 5A

a sectional side view of an embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 4A to 4C similar embodiment of an inventive device for compressing bulk material with a substantially round container;

Fig. 5B

a plan view of the device according to FIG. 5A from above;

Fig. 6A

a sectional side view of a second embodiment of a device according to the invention for compressing bulk material with a stationary container and a trained for carrying out dynamic compression strokes pressing member which displaceable in a horizontal plane in both the x and y direction and by means of a drive in forced oscillations is displaceable;

Fig. 6B

a sectional front view of the device shown in FIG. 6A;

Fig. 6C

a top view of the device according to Figures 6A and 6B from above.

Fig. 7A

a sectional side view of an embodiment of the embodiment of FIGS. 6A to 6C similar embodiment of an inventive device for compressing bulk material with a substantially round container;

Fig. 7B

a plan view of the device of FIG. 6A from above;

Fig. 8A

a sectioned side view of a further development of the embodiment of Figures 1A to 1C with a displaceable in Zwangsschwingungen associated container, in a horizontal plane in both the x and y direction displaceable feeding device for depositing bulk material into the container.

Fig. 8B

a sectional front view of the device shown in FIG. 8A;

Fig. 8C

a top view of the device according to Figures 8A and 8B from above.

Fig. 9A

a cross-sectional side view of a further development of the embodiment of FIG. 4A to 4C with a displaceable in constraints container and formed for performing compression strokes pressing member associated in a horizontal plane in both the x and y direction displaceable feeding device for giving up Bulk goods in the container;

Fig. 9B

a sectional front view of the device shown in FIG. 9A;

Fig. 9C

a top view of the device of Figures 9A and 9B from above.

Fig. 10A

a sectional side view of a further development of the embodiment of FIG. 6A to 6C with a static container and the enforceable displaceable, designed for performing compression strokes pressing member, in a horizontal plane in both the x and y direction displaced feed device for placing bulk material in the container;

Fig. 10B

a sectional front view of the device shown in FIG. 10A;

Fig. 10C

a top view of the device according to Figures 10A and 10B from above.

Fig. 11A

a sectional side view of a further development of the embodiment of FIG. 7A and 7B with a static container and the enforceable displaceable, designed for performing compression strokes associated pressing member, in a horizontal plane in both the x and y direction displaceable feeder for Placing bulk material in the container;

Fig. 11B

a top view of the device of Figure 11A from above.

Fig. 12A

a sectional side view of a third embodiment of a device according to the invention for compressing bulk material with a displaceable in Zwangsschwingungen container and a pivotally mounted pressing member, which is designed to carry out dynamic compression strokes and along the container is relocatable;

Fig. 12B

a top view of the device of FIG. 12A from above;

Fig. 13A

a sectional side view shown a fourth embodiment of an inventive device for compressing bulk material with a displaceable in a horizontal plane in both the x and y direction container and a displaceable in forced oscillations, stationary arranged pressing member, which is displaceable by means of a drive in forced oscillations ;

Fig. 13B

a sectional front view of the device shown in FIG. 13A;

Fig. 13C

a top view of the device according to Figures 13A and 13B from above.

Fig. 14A

a sectioned side view of a fifth embodiment of an inventive device for compressing bulk material with a rotatable about a vertical axis container and a displaceable in forced oscillations, linearly movable pressing member, which is displaceable by means of a drive in forced oscillations;

Fig. 14B

a top view of the device of FIG. 14A from above;

Fig. 15

a side view of an actuator a compressible vibratory and for performing compression strokes in the vertical direction formed punch with a pair of piston / cylinder units;

Fig. 16

a side view of an actuator of the ram in the vertical direction with two pairs of piston / cylinder units;

Fig. 17

a side view of an actuator of the press ram in the vertical direction with a scissor lever transmission;

Fig. 18

a side view of an actuator of the press ram in the vertical direction with a threaded spindle;

Fig. 19

a side view of an actuator of the press ram in the vertical direction with a pair of threaded spindles; and

Fig. 20

a side view of an actuator of the press ram in the vertical direction with a linear drive;

In the following description of various embodiments of the present invention, like parts are given identical reference numerals.

In Fig. 1A to 1C, a first embodiment of an inventive device for compressing compressible bulk material 1, such as garbage reproduced. The device comprises a container 2 for receiving the bulk material 1, which in particular is designed as a transportable container and is replaceable, so that it after can be removed from the compressing of bulk material located therein and replaced by a new, eg empty or filled with not yet compressed bulk container. The container 2 may be, for example, a common standard container having a substantially rectangular free cross section and a length of about 12 meters and a width of about 2.40 meters.

In order to ensure a compression of the bulk material 1 as well as the most even distribution of the same in the container due to vibration, the container 2, for example by means of coil springs 201, elastically mounted on a below the same, rigid support plate 202 is mounted on which the container 2 is turned off is. The resilient mounting of the container 2 supporting the support plate 202 is a drive 203, for example in the form of an imbalance drive, associated, for example, attached to the underside of the support plate 202 and is capable of the support plate 202 in - in the present embodiment mainly vertical - Forced oscillations, as indicated by the arrows 204. In the present case, the imbalance drive 203 comprises, for example, two in the form of a pair of fixed to the underside of the support plate 202 motors which - synchronously, asynchronously or separately and in particular controllable - as desired - rotationally driven, with imbalance or circumferentially different masses having rollers have, so that the support plate 202 is offset with the container 2 in forced oscillations. The axes of rotation of the rollers here extend in a horizontal plane and rotate in opposite directions (FIG. 1B). Of course, the number of drives 201 or motors can be varied as desired, depending on the intended use. The oscillation amplitude or frequency of resting on the support plate 202 container 2 can be easily Control manner by the speed or the mass or the amount of imbalance of the rollers. Furthermore, the preferred direction of vibration can be influenced by appropriate arrangement of the motor / motors of the drive 203, wherein in the case provided here, for example, with the same speed and counter-rotating rollers cancel the vibrations caused by their imbalance in the horizontal direction, while the add vibrations caused by their imbalance in the vertical direction, so that a forced oscillation of the container 1 results essentially exclusively in the vertical direction.

In Figs. 2A to 2C, a device similar to the device of Figs. 1A to 1C for compressing compressible bulk material 1 is shown, in which the direction of the forced oscillations generated, however, directed primarily in the transverse direction of the container 2, which by a corresponding arrangement of the motors the unbalance drive 203 is ensured, the rotating rollers are mounted on a vertical axis, which are fixed by fastening means on the underside of the support plate 202 and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the container 2 side by side. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3A to 3C, the direction of the generated positive vibrations of the container 2 extends mainly in the longitudinal direction thereof, wherein the motors of the imbalance drive 203 in the transverse direction of the container 2 side by side and otherwise according to the embodiment of FIG. 2A to 2C the bottom of the support plate 202 are attached. Of course, it is also possible to combine a plurality of main vibration directions with each other or to put the container 2 in substantially all three spatial directions in forced oscillations, which can be done in particular in a manner as explained above in the example of pairs of unbalance drives. In any case arises in particular For materials which could be affected by the application of a static or dynamic pressing force, an effective damage-free compression due to pure vibration excitation.

4A to 4C show a development of the embodiment of an inventive device for compressing bulk material according to FIGS. 1A to 1C, which further comprises a pressing member in the form of a press ram 3, which in the present embodiment in the arrow 4 (Fig. 4A and 4B) is displaced to and fro in order to carry out compression strokes, as will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 15 to 20. Upon a displacement of the press ram 3 down into the container 2, the bulk material 1 located there is compacted in a cross-section approximately corresponding to the cross-section of the press ram 3. In order to provide for an effective compression of the bulk material 1 with a relatively small force, the cross-section of the press ram 3 is substantially smaller than the free cross-section of the container 2 and in the present embodiment is e.g. between about one-half and about one square meter, ie about 3% to 7% of the free cross-section of the container 1. A load cycle of the compression stroke, depending on the bulk material to be compacted 1 and depending on the used actuator of the press ram 3, for example, about 10 s to 30 s amount. In particular, when pneumatic cylinders are used to actuate the ram 3 (see below with reference to Figures 15 and 16), shorter compression strokes up to a few seconds, e.g. between about 1 second and about 10 seconds, if desired.

To the ram 3 relative to the - in the present embodiment, stationary on the in forced oscillations displaceable support plate 202 parked - to be able to relocate container 2, so that the bulk material 1 can be compressed over substantially the entire cross-section of the container 2 in addition to the vibration, the ram 3 is arranged on a supporting structure 5 extending above the container 2. The supporting structure 5 has a plurality of supports 6 - here four arranged in the region of the corners of the container 2 supports 6 - - which carry two, for example, in the longitudinal direction of the container 2 above the same extending guide rails 7. Along the guide rails 7 arranged in parallel, a carriage 8, on which the pressing ram 3 is arranged so as to be displaceable in the vertical direction 4, is guided in a linearly displaceable manner in the longitudinal direction of the container 2 (arrow 10 of FIGS. 4A and 4C). In addition, the carriage 8, if desired, can be guided linearly displaceably along the guide rails 7 and between these extending guide rails 9 in the transverse direction of the container (arrow 11 of FIG. 4C). The guides formed by the guide rails 7 and by the guide rails 9 thus span a vertical, horizontal x, y plane with respect to the vertical displaceability of the press ram 3 (arrow 4), the press ram 3 being arranged in two directions x and y (see FIG. Arrows 10 and 11) of this plane is displaceable relative to the container 2 in order to compress the bulk material 1 at any area of the container 2. This can be done for example by not shown in detail drive rollers 12 of the carriage 8, over which this along the transversely extending guide rails 9 is displaceable, and not shown drive rollers 13, via which the guide rails 9 formed by the guide along the longitudinal direction extending guide rails 7 is displaced. To drive each motors 14, 15, for example, electric motors can be provided. It should be noted that the guides formed by the guide rails 7 and 9 in the horizontal x, y plane need not necessarily extend perpendicular to each other nor have to have a linear course. However, they should preferably ensure that the ram 3 is so displaceable relative to the container 2 that it is able to penetrate into any area of the container 2.

5A and 5B, an embodiment of a device according to the invention for compacting bulk material 1 can be removed, which differs from the device according to FIGS. 4A to 4C in particular in that in the device shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B the relative displacement between the press ram 3 and the container 2 in an approximately horizontal x, y plane thereby takes place by a rotational movement with a translational, to the axis of rotation of the rotary motion radial displacement is combined. In this case, in the present exemplary embodiment, the container 2 -in this case substantially circular-cylindrical-is arranged stationarily on the support plate 202, which can be displaced by means of the drive 203 in forced oscillations. For holding the press ram 3 above the container 2 and on the cross-section of which is displaceable, the ram 3 is first about a stationary shaft formed by a vertical shaft 31 rotatable (arrow 32), wherein the axis 31 is suitably aligned with the center of the container 2. The shaft 30 may be fixed in the region of its upper end facing away from the container 2, for example, on a support structure not shown in detail in FIGS. 5A and 5B, which engages over the container 2. In this case, the shaft 30 is rotatably supported about the axis 31 via a rotary drive also not shown on the support structure 33. In the region of its lower end extends from the shaft 30, a guide 34 radially outwardly, wherein a provided with drive rollers 36 carriage 35, to which the ram 3 is vertically displaceable to perform compression strokes set (arrow 4 of Fig. 5A), along this guide 34 radially - in the present case linearly - is moved (arrow 37). The guide 34 projects preferably approximately from the shaft 30 to the edge of the container 2 radially outward in order to move the ram 3 approximately within the entire free cross section of the container 2 relative to this. Thus, in particular freely rotatable about the axis 31 guide 34 biases a horizontal x, y plane along which the ram 3 relative to the container 2 can be moved so that the ram 3 can be moved to any area of the container 2 in order to densify the bulk material 1 located there in addition to the vibration excitation of the container 2.

FIGS. 6A to 6C show another embodiment of a device according to the invention for compacting bulk material 1, which differs from the device according to FIGS. 4A to 4C in that in this case the container 2 is stationarily arranged on the ground and thus not in Forced oscillations can be displaced, but the formed for performing dynamic compression strokes punch 3, which - in one of the Fig. 4A to 4C corresponding manner - in a horizontal plane in both the x and y direction is movable by means of a drive 203 a is displaceable in forced oscillations. As can be seen from FIGS. 6A to 6C, the press ram 3 is mounted elastically, for example by means of helical springs 201a, on a rigid support plate 202a arranged above it. The support plate 202a is - for example, in a manner explained in more detail below in connection with Fig. 15 to 20 - guided substantially vertically displaceable back and forth, so that the punch 3 again in the direction of arrow 4 is able to perform dynamic compression strokes.

The resilient mounting of the ram 3 is a drive 203a, e.g. again in the form of an imbalance drive with two motors which drive counter-rotating unbalance rollers associated with the drive 203a attached to the top of the ram 3 and is able to put the ram 3 in forced oscillations, as indicated by the arrows 204a is. In this way, a more efficient compression of the bulk material is possible by the ram 3 is set by means of the drive 203a with a respect to its compression strokes higher - preferably significantly higher - vibrated frequency. The direction of the forced oscillations indicated by the arrows 204a corresponds in the present case substantially to the direction of the compression strokes of the press ram 3 (arrow 4) and is consequently-albeit not necessarily-substantially vertical. Of course, if desired, be provided that in addition, the container 2 is elastically mounted and optionally displaceable in forced oscillations, as is the case in the container shown in Fig. 4A to 4C.

The reproduced in Fig. 7A and 7B device for compressing bulk material 1 is similar to that of FIG. 6A to 6C extent, as well as there - in this case, approximately circular cylindrical - container 2 stationary parked on the ground and the implementation of compression strokes (arrow 4) formed punch can be offset in one of the Fig. 6A and 6B corresponding manner in forced oscillations. The displaceability of the ram 3 with respect to the container 2, however, corresponds to that of FIG. 5A and 5B.

FIGS. 8A to 8C show a device for compressing compressible bulk material corresponding to the device according to FIGS. 1A to 1C, but which is additionally equipped with a feed device 70 via which the Bulk material 1 in the container 2 can be transferred. The feed device 70 has a conveyor belt 71 extending, for example, in the longitudinal direction of the container 2, which is fastened to a carriage 72 which extends along a support structure corresponding to support structure 5 with supports 6 and guide rails 7 of the press ram 3 according to FIGS. 4 and 6 5 in the longitudinal direction of the container 2 is displaceable (see, in particular Fig. 8A and 8C, arrow 75). For this purpose, the carriage 72 carrying the conveyor belt 71 is provided with drive rollers 73, which are driven by a motor 74, such as an electric motor. In addition, it can be provided that the conveyor belt 71 transversely to the guide rails 7 is displaced (arrow 75a of Fig. 8B and 8C), which is done for example by means of electric motors and the rest, for example, in a similar manner as in the ram 3 of FIG .. 4 and 6 can be done. Above the conveyor belt 72 is a hopper 76 - for example, stationary on the support structure 5 - arranged to give the bulk material 1 the conveyor belt 72 can (arrow 77). In an advantageous embodiment of the hopper 76 is arranged at such a position that it opens in any relative position of the movable along the guide rails 7 conveyor belt 72 relative to the container 2 in the conveyor belt 72. Depending on the direction of rotation 78 of the conveyor belt around arranged on the carriage 72 pulleys 79, of which at least one is driven, a discharge point 80 of the feeder 70 is set, via which the bulk material 1 is transferred into the container 2 and falls into it. In this way, it is possible to fill the container 2 by means of the feeder 70 with bulk material 1 and to compact the bulk material 1 already transferred into the container 2 at the same time by means of the container 1 which can be set in forced oscillations. In the present embodiment, the conveyor 70 is further a weighing device 90 in the form of a belt scale (see in particular Fig. 8A) associated, which is located below the upper run of the conveyor belt 71 immediately upstream of the discharge point 80. The weighing device 90 is preferably designed for the continuous weighing of the mass flow of the bulk material 1 passing through it, so that an overloading of the container 2, which must be reliably excluded, in particular in the case of a container (not shown) fixedly or detachably connected to a truck, is avoided , In addition, sensors S ₂ may be provided in the region of the dispensing location 80 of the feed device, which are designed to scan the relative positions of the feed device 70 (or more precisely, its discharge point 80) with respect to the container 2 or the bulk material 1 located therein, as a function of the feed device be able to shift from this to a respective suitable position relative to the container 2.

The embodiment of a device according to the invention for compacting bulk material according to FIGS. 9A to 9C is again based on the device shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, wherein it additionally comprises both a conveyor 70 (corresponding to FIGS. 8A to 8C in the present case) and a conveyor 4, in the present case, which optionally can also be set in forced oscillations (for example according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C) (not shown in FIGS. 9A to 9C). Another, arranged on the carriage 8 of the ram 3 sensor S1 detects, for example, the filling level of the bulk material and / or the relative position of the ram 3 with respect to the Aufgabestelle 80 of the feeder 70 to both the ram 3 and the feeder 70 to a respective relative position relative of displaceable in Zwangsschwingungen container 2 (arrows 10, 11 on the one hand, arrows 75, 75a on the other hand) to be able to relocate.

The embodiment of a device according to the invention for compressing bulk material according to FIGS. 10A to 10C is based on the device shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C with static container 1 and compression ram 3 displaceable in forced oscillations, wherein the container 2 or the ram 3 in turn has a feed device 70 8 and 9 is approximately along and along the same guide 7 as the carriage 8 of the ram 3 relative to this and to the container 2 is movable (arrows 10, 11 on the one hand, arrows 75, 75a on the other hand).

FIGS. 11A and 11B show an embodiment of a device for compressing bulk material 1 corresponding to FIGS. 7A and 7B, which is associated with a static ram 1 and the ram 3 which can be set in forced oscillations and designed to perform compaction strokes the container 2 displaceable feeder 70 is equipped. The latter in turn comprises the components explained in FIGS. 8 to 10, which are provided with the same reference numerals. The feeder 70 is along the same - e.g. extending approximately rectilinearly - guide 34 (see also Fig. 7A and 7B) of the press ram 3 movable and e.g. arranged on the opposite side of the axis of rotation 31. When reversing the direction of the conveyor belt 71, two delivery points 80 may result.

The device for compressing bulk material reproduced in FIGS. 12A and 12B differs from that shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C in that the press ram 3 designed to carry out compaction strokes can be moved along the guide rails 7 only in the longitudinal direction of the container 2 relative thereto, the ram 3, however - expediently perpendicular to the guide 7, in the present Case so transverse to the container 1 - is pivotally mounted on the carriage 8 of the ram 3. As a result of this pivoting of the press ram 3 (arrow 51) in conjunction with the longitudinal displaceability (arrow 10 of FIG. 12B) it is ensured that the ram 3 can be moved to any cross-sectional area of the container 2 to the bulk material 1 located there in addition to to compress the forced vibrations of the container 2 (arrow 204). An approximately horizontal x, y plane, in which the ram 3 relative to the container 2 is displaced, is thus determined by the guide rails 7 of the carriage 8 of the ram 3 in conjunction with the pivot axis 50 of the ram 3. Of course, the ram 3 may alternatively, for example, in the longitudinal direction of the container 2 pivotable and optionally in the transverse direction to this movable or both in at least one direction and be movable both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction of the container 2.

FIGS. 13A to 13C show a further embodiment of a device according to the invention, in which the press ram 3 designed to execute compaction strokes (arrow 4), in a corresponding manner, as is the case with the device according to FIGS. 6A to 6C, by means of springs 201a mounted elastically on the support plate 202a and by means of the drive 203a in forced oscillations can be set (arrow 204a). The relative displacement provided in this device between the container 2 and the pressing ram 3, which in the present case is displaceable back and forth in the vertical direction 4, is ensured by the fact that the container 2 can be displaced in a horizontal x, y plane while the support plate 202a with the ram 3 stationary on the support structure 5 is arranged. For this purpose, the container 2 can be set up on a first upper platform 20, which is provided with drive rollers 21 is equipped, which are guided along a second - lower - platform 22 guide 23 provided. The guide 23 (cf., in particular, Fig. 13C) extends, for example, in the transverse direction (arrow 24 of Fig. 13B) of the container 2. The second - lower - platform 22 is in turn equipped with drive rollers 25, which in eg at the bottom below the Supporting structure 5 provided guide 26 (see in particular Fig. 13C) are guided, wherein the guide 26 of the lower platform 22 in the present embodiment again - although not necessarily - perpendicular to the guide 23 of the upper platform 20, ie approximately in the longitudinal direction of the container is arranged and as well as the latter extends substantially linear, so that the lower platform 22 in the longitudinal direction (arrow 27 of Fig. 2A) of the container 2 is displaceable. The guides 23, 26 of the platforms 20, 22 thus tension a horizontal x, y plane along which the container 2 can be moved relative to the - here stationary - ram 3, so that they engage in any area of the container 2 can, in order to compact there in conjunction with the force exerted on the ram 3 forced oscillations located in the container 2 bulk material 1. In addition, of course, a feed device (not shown in FIGS. 13A to 13C) can also be provided in this case, which can be displaceable along the support structure 5, for example on corresponding guides.

FIGS. 14A and 14B show a further embodiment of a device according to the invention for compacting bulk material, in which the press ram 3 designed to execute compaction strokes (arrow 4) again operates in a corresponding manner, as for example in the device according to FIGS. 6A to 6C the case is mounted by means of springs 201a elastically on the support plate 202a and by means of the drive 203a in Zwangsschwingungen displaceable (Arrow 204a). In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14A to 14B, a displaceability of the container 2, for example, which is substantially circular-cylindrical, is ensured relative to the press ram 3, in that both the container 2 and the press ram 3 are displaceable. In the present case, a rotational movement of the container 2 is combined with a translational movement of the press ram 3. In this case, the container 2 is placed on a platform 40 which is rotatable about a central shaft 41 about an axis 42 (arrow 46 of FIG. 14B). In the present case, the axis 42 is stationary and for example at its lower end via a rotary drive (not shown) mounted on the ground and rotatably secured at its upper end to the center of the platform 40 at the bottom, so that the platform 40 with the through them carried container 2 about the stationary axis 42 is freely rotatable. The support plate 202a of the press ram 3 elastically mounted by means of springs 201a is fastened to a carriage 8, which is guided translationally along parallel guide rails 7, which in turn are supported by the supports 6 of the support structure 4. The drive of the carriage 8 of the ram 3 is done by driven by a motor 15 drive rollers 13 along the guide rails 7 in the direction of the arrow 47 (see, in particular Fig. 14A). The rotatable in particular freely about the axis 42 platform 40 thus tensioned in conjunction with the guide rails 7 of the carriage 8 of the ram 3, a horizontal x, y plane along which the container 2 and the ram 3 can be moved relative to each other, so that an arbitrary area of the container 2 can be displaced to the press ram 3 or below it in order to compress the bulk material 1 located there by means of the compression strokes of the press ram 3 (arrow 4) while vibrating it (arrow 204a). In addition, of course, in this case too, a feeding device (in FIGS 14C), which may also be displaceable along the guide rails 7 of the press ram 3, for example.

FIGS. 15 to 20 show possible actuation devices of a press ram 3 displaceable by means of a drive 203a in accordance with FIGS. 6, 7, 10, 11, 13 and 14 in order to force them with a preferably adjustable compaction force or compression stroke in one to shift back and forth in the substantially vertical direction. Indes of course, any other known actuators, which in particular allow for ensuring the additional application of a forced vibration such a translational movement of the ram 3, conceivable.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 15, a pair of piston / cylinder units 110, 111 are provided, the cylinders of which are fixed directly to the supporting structure 5 or to a carriage (not shown) displaceable thereon, and their piston rods at the top of the supporting plate 202a is displaceable by means of the drive 203a in forced oscillations and on which the ram 3 is elastically mounted by the springs 201a, are attached. The piston / cylinder units 110, 111 may be e.g. be operated pneumatically, hydraulically or hydropneumatically using suitable pressure fluids.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 16, two pairs of piston / cylinder units 112, 113; 114, 155 are provided, of which the cylinders of the outer pair 112, 113 are fixed directly to the supporting structure 5 or to a carriage (not shown) displaceable thereon and whose piston rods are fastened to a cross member 115 connecting them. On the cross member 115 are also the Cylinder of the inner pair 114, 115 set of piston / cylinder units, while the piston rods are secured to the upper side of the support plate 202 a of the ram 3. Such is in a simple way a two-stage compression stroke of the ram 3, for example, with different compression forces, and / or different feed forces or speeds of the ram 3 in corresponding Verdichtungshubniveaus possible. Furthermore, the overall height of the entire arrangement with respect to the actuator shown in Fig. 16 can be reduced. The piston / cylinder units 112, 113; 114, 115 may in turn be operated eg pneumatically, hydraulically or hydropneumatically using suitable pressure fluids. Referring to Fig. 17, there is provided a scissors gear mechanism 117 (not shown) disposed between the support plate 202a of the ram 3 and the support structure 5 or a carriage movable thereon, which is operable, for example, by means of piston / cylinder units or otherwise.

Instead, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, threaded spindles 118; 119, 120 possible, at the lower end of the support plate 202a of the press ram 3 is fixed and which - by means of a drive motor 121; 122 actuated - are mounted on the support structure 5 or a movable thereto slide (not shown). While in many cases a single screw 118 is sufficient (Figure 18), e.g. also two or more threaded spindles 119, 120 may be provided (Figure 19), which may be e.g. are driven synchronously by the motor 122. Alternatively, FIG. 20 shows a linear drive 123, which comprises a chain or belt drive 124 running via driven deflection rollers, to which a rod 125 connected to the support plate 202a of the press ram 3 is fastened in a vertically displaceable manner.

Claims (50)

Apparatus for compressing compressible bulk material (1), in particular refuse, with at least one container (2) for receiving the bulk material (1), characterized in that the container (1) and / or at least one associated therewith, from above into the container (2) engaging pressing member (3) is elastically mounted and by means of a drive (203; 203a) in Zwangsschwingungen (204; 204a) is displaceable / are. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the container (2) and / or the pressing member (3) by means of springs (201, 201a) is mounted / are. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drive (203; 203a) has at least one imbalance drive. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drive (203; 203a) has at least one pair of unbalance drives. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the rotational speed and / or the direction of rotation and / or the imbalance of at least one, in particular both, unbalance drives (203, 203a) is controllable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that only the container (2) is elastically mounted and displaceable by means of the drive (203) in forced oscillations (204), wherein the container (2) in particular aordordbares in the range of the desired filling level , is assigned from above in the same engaging pressing member (3). Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that only the pressing member (3) engaging from above into the container (2) is elastically mounted and displaceable by means of the drive (203a) in forced oscillations (204a), wherein the container (2 ) is arranged substantially vibration-free. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that both the pressing member (3) engaging from above into the container (2) and the container (2) are elastically mounted and forced into forced oscillations by the respective drive (203; 203a). 204, 204a) are displaceable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that from above into the container (2) engaging pressing member (3) for performing compression strokes (4) in at least one direction of movement with vertical direction component under engagement in the container (2) out and is relocatable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the maximum cross section of the pressing member (3) at most 50% of the free cross section of the container (2), in particular at most 40% of the free cross section of the container (2), preferably at most 30% the free cross section of the container (2), is. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the maximum cross section of the pressing member (3) at most 20% of the free cross section of the container (2), in particular at most 10% of the free cross section of the container (2), preferably between 1% and 10% of the free cross section of the container (2). Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the pressing member (3) and the container (2) are displaceable in a substantially horizontally disposed x, y plane in at least one spatial direction relative to each other. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the pressing member (3) and the container (2) in a substantially horizontally disposed x, y plane are displaceable relative to each other in both the x-direction and in the y-direction , Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the pressing member (3) and the container (2), in particular substantially linear, in the x and / or y direction are movable relative to each other. Device according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the pressing member (3) and the container (2) about at least one substantially vertical axis (31; 42) are rotatable relative to each other. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the pressing member (3) is pivotally mounted in at least one spatial direction. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the pressing member (3) is formed by a press ram. Device according to one of claims 7 to 17, characterized in that the load cycle of a compression stroke (4) of the pressing member (3) to a duration of 1 s to 30 s, in particular from 1 s to 10 s, is adjustable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the container (2) is associated with a feed device (70) for depositing bulk material (1) into the container (2). Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that a discharge point (80) of the feed device (70), via which the bulk material (1) in the container (1) can be transferred, relative to the container (2) and / or relative to the pressing member (3) is relocatable. Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the delivery point (80) of the feed device (70) in at least one horizontal direction, in particular substantially linear, movable and / or about a substantially vertical axis (31) is rotatable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the container (2) and / or the feed device (70) is associated with a weighing device (90). Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it comprises at least one sensor (S ₁ , S ₂ ), which for scanning the relative position of the container (2) and / or optionally the feed device (70) with respect to the pressing member (3 ) and / or with respect to a carrier (5) of the pressing member (3) and / or for scanning the filling level of the bulk material (1) is formed at the respective position. Device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that it is equipped with a particular programmable controller. Apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that the controller is designed such that in dependence on at least one programmable parameter from the group - container size; - Maximum compression force of the pressing member (3); - Speed of relative displacement of pressing member (3) and container (2); such as - maximum capacity of the bulk material (1);
and / or as a function of at least one sensory parameter from the group - filling height of the bulk material (1) in at least one region of the container (2), in particular in the region of the pressing member (3); such as - Mass flow of the container (2) supplied bulk material (1)
at least one parameter from the group - Vibration direction of the positive vibrations to be generated (204, 204a) of the container (2) and / or the Pressing member (3); Oscillation amplitude of the forced oscillations to be generated (204, 204a) of the container (2) and / or of the pressing member (3); - oscillation frequency of the forced oscillations to be generated (204, 204a) of the container (2) and / or of the pressing member (3); - Relative displacement of the pressing member (3) relative to the container (2); - Relative displacement of the delivery point (80) of the feed device (70) relative to the container (2); such as - Feed path and / or feed force of the compression strokes (4) of the pressing member (3) is controllable. Method for compacting compressible bulk material (1), in particular waste, arranged in at least one container (2), characterized in that the container (2) and / or at least one pressing member (2) which engages it from above into the container (2) 3) elastically, in particular by means of springs (201, 201a), mounted and displaced by means of a drive (203, 203a) into forced oscillations (204, 204a). Method according to Claim 26, characterized in that a drive (203; 203a) in the form of at least one imbalance drive is used. Method according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that a drive (203; 203a) with at least one pair of unbalance drives is used. A method according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that at least one of the parameters from the group amplitude, frequency and direction of the forced oscillations of the container (2) and / or the pressing member (3) by controlling at least one of the parameters speed, direction of rotation and unbalance of at least one, in particular both, unbalance drives (203, 203a) is controlled. Method according to one of Claims 26 to 29, characterized in that only the container (2) is elastically mounted and forced into forced oscillations (204) by means of the drive (203), wherein the container (2) can be arranged, in particular, in the region of the desired filling level , is assigned from above into the same engaging pressing member (3). A method according to claims 26 to 29, characterized in that only the pressing member (3) engaging in the container (2) from above is elastically mounted and forced into forced oscillations (204a) by means of the drive (203a), the container (2) in is arranged substantially vibration-free. Method according to claims 26 to 29, characterized in that both the pressing member (3) engaging from above into the container (2) and the container (2) are elastically mounted and forced into forced oscillations by means of the respective drive (203; 203a). Method according to one of Claims 26 to 32, characterized in that a pressing member (3) which engages in the container (2) from above and which is used to carry out compaction strokes (4) in at least one direction of movement with a vertical direction component engages in the container (2 ), is shifted back and forth. Method according to one of claims 26 to 33, characterized in that a pressing member (3) is used whose maximum cross section is at most 50% of the free cross section of the container (2), in particular at most 40% of the free cross section of the container (2), preferably at most 30% of the free cross-section of the container (2). Method according to one of claims 26 to 34, characterized in that a pressing member (3) is used whose maximum cross section is at most 20% of the free cross section of the container (2), in particular at most 10% of the free cross section of the container (2), preferably between 1% and 10% of the free cross section of the container (2). Method according to one of claims 26 to 35, characterized in that the pressing member (3) and the container (2) are displaced in a substantially horizontally disposed x, y plane in at least one spatial direction relative to each other. Method according to one of Claims 26 to 36, characterized in that the pressing member (3) and the container (2) are displaced in a substantially horizontally arranged x, y plane relative to one another both in the x-direction and in the y-direction , A method according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that the pressing member (3) and the container (2), in particular substantially linearly, are moved relative to one another in the x and / or y direction. Method according to one of claims 36 to 38, characterized in that the pressing member (3) and the container (2) about at least one substantially vertical axis (31; 42) are rotated relative to each other. Method according to one of claims 26 to 39, characterized in that the pressing member (3) is pivoted in at least one spatial direction. Method according to one of claims 26 to 40, characterized in that a pressing punch is used as the pressing member (3). Method according to one of claims 33 to 41, characterized in that the load cycle of a compression stroke of the pressing member (3) is set to a duration of 1 s to 30 s, in particular from 1 s to 10 s. Method according to one of claims 26 to 42, characterized in that the container (2) at the same time or between the compression of already in the container (2) located bulk material (1) with bulk material (1) is filled. A method according to claim 43, characterized in that a discharge point (90) of a feed device (70), via which the bulk material (1) in the container (2) can be transferred, relative to the container (2) and / or relative to the pressing member (3) is relocated. Method according to Claim 43 or 44, characterized in that the bulk material (1) is introduced into the container (2) at a position spaced from the instantaneous position of the pressing member (3). A method according to claim 44 or 45, characterized in that the delivery point (80) of the feed device (70) is rotated in at least one horizontal direction, in particular substantially linear, and / or about a substantially vertical axis (31). Method according to one of claims 26 to 46, characterized in that the bulk material (1) introduced into the container (2) is weighed before, during or after transfer into the container (2), in particular substantially continuously. Method according to one of Claims 26 to 47, characterized in that it has at least one sensor (S ₁ , S ₂ ) which is used to scan the relative position of the container (2) and / or optionally of the feed device (70) with respect to the pressing member (3 ) and / or with respect to a carrier (5) of the pressing member (3) and / or for scanning the filling level of the bulk material (1) is formed at the respective position. Method according to one of Claims 26 to 48, characterized in that it is carried out using a particularly programmable controller. Method according to Claim 49, characterized in that at least one programmable parameter from the group - container size; - Maximum compression force of the pressing member (3); - Speed of relative displacement of pressing member (3) and container (2); such as - maximum capacity of the bulk material (1);
and / or as a function of at least one sensory parameter from the group - filling level of the bulk material (1) in at least one region of the container (2), in particular in the region of Pressing member (3); such as - Mass flow of the container (2) supplied bulk material (1)
at least one parameter from the group - Vibration direction of the forced vibrations to be generated (204, 204a) of the container (2) and / or the pressing member (3); Oscillation amplitude of the forced oscillations to be generated (204, 204a) of the container (2) and / or of the pressing member (3); - oscillation frequency of the forced oscillations to be generated (204, 204a) of the container (2) and / or of the pressing member (3); - Relative displacement of the pressing member (3) relative to the container (2); - Relative displacement of the delivery point (80) of the feed device (70) relative to the container (2); such as - Feed path and / or feed force of the compression strokes (4) of the pressing member (3)
is controlled.

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